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<document id="87C88A9B66491987C75A556CA867D4D4" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.636.8879" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7db7e745-54dd-4769-ad63-721491a499d7" ID-PMC="PMC5126514" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-636-1" ID-PubMed="27917062" ID-ZooBank="55CD34169B9040DDA34A2026640E1E83" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-636-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 636" ModsDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy of the genus Onchidium Buchannan, 1800 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Onchidiidae)" checkinTime="1480088870754" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Dayrat, Benoit, Goulding, Tricia C., Apte, Deepak, Bhave, Vishal, Joseph Comendador,, Qua, ng, Ngo Xuan, Tan, Siong Kiat &amp; Tan, Shau Hwai" docDate="2016" docId="61AB958E0526C52A24FB141CEA6AC33F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 636: 1-40" docOrigin="ZooKeys 636" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.636.8879" docTitle="Onchidium reevesii J. E. Gray 1850" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="E244DD2EFFEBFF93FB758C5FFF9CFFDB" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy of the genus Onchidium Buchannan, 1800 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Onchidiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1701318341712" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="2CFBD778FE2C4DD7BDD030AC2809AEEE">Integrative taxonomy of the genus Onchidium Buchannan, 1800 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Onchidiidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F70F532604F19D5B361FA65C8B0B60B2">Goulding, Tricia C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0C36EFF3649719E40BFA757DBC595994">Apte, Deepak</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="33ACF3C72F10F9056F4CC27656083AD4">Bhave, Vishal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="49D5E7989822D5D052465F61355312B4">Joseph Comendador,</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0DDE8DA259391430636B6026487856A8">Qua, ng, Ngo Xuan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FB757E31EF6513BF906879DE6AE029C3">Tan, Siong Kiat</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E579F1700262D7A159E25F44FA3D683E">Tan, Shau Hwai</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="61AB958E0526C52A24FB141CEA6AC33F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127882712" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:61AB958E0526C52A24FB141CEA6AC33F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/61AB958E0526C52A24FB141CEA6AC33F" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<subSubSection id="25D7C57239547005C69010C8C41AB1AE" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E0956F64D2CEE7A0A89C4C18ADB6B36A" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="1990A1BAD9C3F556D72367E075F04194" ID-CoL="49FRZ" authority="J. E. Gray, 1850" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1850" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Onchidium reevesii (J.E. Gray, 1850)</taxonomicName>
Fig. 14
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="36A5D3271A1FF2A1AD0A0F8A2851CB2A" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F5D624B797298D8A19D5CC9E6FB5FBBD" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="1112DA67EE51B905DCB1714E5E6E8A78" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidella reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Onchidella reevesii</taxonomicName>
J.E. Gray, 1850: 117, pl. 181, fig. 5-5a;
<bibRefCitation id="CB17246A685D90DC7DE7C318540F4698" author="Hoffmann, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher (Jena)" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="29 - 118" title="Zur Kenntnis der Oncidiiden." volume="55" year="1928">Hoffmann 1928</bibRefCitation>
: 103.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="521D8A84DB41E32F805A0D7F030A6C0A" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="572CD732118AF85B8BCF6C758E4A2E29" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Onchidium reevesii</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="B487300AC50662B783B5693A13412ED2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Semper 1885</bibRefCitation>
: 290.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CF0118A922F235EC481863F21B47710B" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="89B4AD9026D5E6407EF1AC9DCAC4849C" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="47D7EA32B827B8414F50D4189550D8E5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
China.
<taxonomicName id="D40603EB5E46B87F1AE370F104ADE304" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidella reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Onchidella reevesii</taxonomicName>
was not described by Gray. That name, which appears on page 117, simply referred to figures 5 and 5a of the plate 181). On page 117, there is no indication of the geographic origin, and there is no indication of geographic origin on the label of the holotype either. However, on page 36, those same figures are referred to as &quot;
<taxonomicName id="3CBCC68E16CCBD5C4715754073A4EA96" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
-. Mr.
<normalizedToken id="273FA58B8986748AEF3EA61A395D062A" originalValue="Reeve’s">Reeve's</normalizedToken>
drawings. China,&quot; clearly indicating that the animal illustrated on the fig. 5 (and 5a for the ventral side) of the plate 181 is from China.
<bibRefCitation id="2C5E8995BA9C01B35BBED943B6D10CD5" author="Hoffmann, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher (Jena)" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="29 - 118" title="Zur Kenntnis der Oncidiiden." volume="55" year="1928">Hoffmann (1928)</bibRefCitation>
also accepted China as the type locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="09F8EA300AE4780E7EE7689C5F6F18CE" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="type material">
<paragraph id="9D7E7C3BDC0916962B755030689FC58F" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2D795A01A19035E422A7C9F2FAE1FCCA" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Holotype (43/25 mm), by monotypy (NHMUK 20160036). The label says &quot;? Holotype
<taxonomicName id="C738CE290017AF624BB13987F7AFA2E5" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidella reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Onchidella reevesii</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="48F5195ABA67329076A1CBAECDE7DED8" author="Gray, JE" journalOrPublisher="Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, London, vol. 4" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" title="Figures of molluscous animals selected from various authors. Etched for the use of students by M. E. Gray." year="1850">Gray 1850</bibRefCitation>
,&quot; but there is no reason to think it is not the holotype because the specimen fits perfectly the original illustration and the label also does refer to &quot;Gray, Figs. Moll. Anim., IV, 1850, p. 117&quot; where the name
<taxonomicName id="63CC417F9C578588672ED1DB7B856E64" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidella reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Onchidella reevesii</taxonomicName>
was first published. The holotype is in excellent condition. It was opened dorsally prior to the present study so several key features could easily be checked in the digestive system as well as the male anterior parts, which are all drawn here (Fig. 14). The posterior reproductive parts (far less critical for species identification) were not removed from the visceral cavity (because it would have required our destroying the posterior region of the holotype) and so they are not illustrated here.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F31673D6D6D04A1983BC9CCDE52115C5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<paragraph id="D0B710F29920E52C4BF93967B767F096" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Figure 14. Internal anatomy, holotype,
<taxonomicName id="74EE71AAAF7596FB7EB9D80AEB88F5B8" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Onchidium reevesii</taxonomicName>
(NHMUK 20160036). A Digestive system, dorsal view, scale bar 7.5 mm B Reproductive system, anterior, penial accessory gland, scale bar 3 mm C Reproductive system, anterior, penial sheath, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: agf, accessory gland flagellum; dd, deferent duct; ddg, dorsal lobe of digestive gland; i, intestine; pdg, posterior lobe of the digestive gland; ps, penial sheath; rg, rectal gland; rm, retractor muscle; st2, stomach chamber 2.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AE6ECED01220A4835713DBF08E3AE213" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="0A5AAEE9FB9AF7452790EA1EE3654096" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<pageBreakToken id="F064CAD32DD43A0FA1FAB994A19A2FF9" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A5CE6EF00D468D8CCD0E7EC43EFD3694" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
(Fig. 2). China (type locality). Based on sequences misidentified as
<taxonomicName id="667B5BA2602B4C2D43FCCB1BA3F5D807" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
&quot;
<taxonomicName id="8461BC4A4D67425F8BEC937A921D16F6" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium struma" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="struma">struma</taxonomicName>
&quot; (a nomen nudum) by
<bibRefCitation id="62BD0F65848394750BEFCFABF0DE2970" author="Sun, B" journalOrPublisher="Molluscan Research" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="62 - 70" title="Species diversity of Onchidiidae (Eupulmonata: Heterobranchia) on the mainland of China based on molecular data." url="10.1080/13235818.2013.868860" volume="34" year="2014">Sun et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
and re-analyzed here,
<taxonomicName id="C50753C6000F18E4D206791EC2573A00" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Onchidium reevesii</taxonomicName>
is found on most of the coastline of mainland China (except for southernmost and northernmost latitudes), from 22°30' to 34°36' of latitude north.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="84A722D0D410228F0525BAC394CE1460" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="internal anatomy">
<paragraph id="A1DA2408FC0FFB021C8B5A345B89847A" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Internal anatomy</paragraph>
<paragraph id="006A942704C88D78B879D5171B5B90DA" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
(Fig. 14). The intestine of the holotype is between a type II and a type III, because a transverse line can intersect the intestine six times (four times for the type II as in
<taxonomicName id="482639D3D2716C2576DDE287F838D3DD" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
, and eight times for the type III as in
<taxonomicName id="C6D8FA378F0C3E52C7D106A2BE3A21DB" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium stuxbergi" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stuxbergi">Onchidium stuxbergi</taxonomicName>
). Although observed, the hollow spine was not extracted. At the end of the flagellum of the accessory gland, there
<pageBreakToken id="885887066FE7B61398F2D79A0E00E436" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" start="start">is</pageBreakToken>
a flat disc which distally protects the hollow spine. The penial sheath is coiled in spirals. The retractor muscle is shorter than the penial sheath and inserts at the posterior end of the visceral cavity. There is no additional left retractor muscle. The deferent duct is highly convoluted with many loops. The penis of the holotype was not extracted for the present study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97D20B0B9A23D4006B6366E4FEAC8A78" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="distinctive diagnostic features">
<paragraph id="FC1FD187113DFC30CE0F676D566147EE" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Distinctive diagnostic features.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="64DD9F170A3B4BF679AE36776F03736B" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Externally,
<taxonomicName id="F736F3D1E3861C7305CBBB71ACE9A2F8" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Onchidium reevesii</taxonomicName>
differs from other
<taxonomicName id="915A5A4D4AAFC7991FB7AA44A69F566A" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
species by its ventral color, i.e., a whitish hyponotum and foot (see the dichotomous key below). Internally, the spirally coiled penial sheath of
<taxonomicName id="4DF5EF93AA5D297547F2CAA9063309EC" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Onchidium reevesii</taxonomicName>
is not diagnostic (as in
<taxonomicName id="6F3EEE7BE7CE88D11DD5B9F80CA95D92" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium stuxbergi" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stuxbergi">Onchidium stuxbergi</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="76C88D0E0FFFBC16CB18802773E6A86F" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
). However,
<taxonomicName id="E485F73549556354ABCEC33D8FADC14F" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Onchidium reevesii</taxonomicName>
lacks the additional, anterior, left retractor muscle of the penial sheath that is unique to
<taxonomicName id="E673C2EE2768C50767B010E218FB5E96" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium stuxbergi" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stuxbergi">Onchidium stuxbergi</taxonomicName>
(the only species with which
<taxonomicName id="AE20F18183F66126AEF6F121C63D85B6" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Onchidium reevesii</taxonomicName>
may be shown later to overlap in the southernmost part of its distribution).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2096925865892AFEAC2BB94F73BC27F9" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="B7FA4538ED81CE91C13E41E533008B28" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D4F117B773386D9F8D20257F55854C56" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Semper transferred
<taxonomicName id="2FC86E5C32DD40EA59EF65F8FB30A3A8" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidella reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Onchidella reevesii</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="6C6462F0B1E938D52BAD02E41996207C" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
probably by default (i.e., as a non-
<taxonomicName id="01114B1737A631FEEFB4BFA56AAF9962" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidella" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidella</taxonomicName>
species) because he did not give any explanation and he did not examine any new material. At any rate, it just so happens that
<taxonomicName id="EAAA6ABB81989C6465953C71507D5009" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Onchidium reevesii</taxonomicName>
is the correct combination, because the notum of the type specimen bears the long papillae that are typically found in
<taxonomicName id="7994E3606F555F8E1D3DB65CC3D73570" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
as defined here. The presence of a rectal gland and of an accessory penial gland also supports that
<taxonomicName id="A685139CF9CF539ED4F1246BB4E7876D" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidella reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Onchidella reevesii</taxonomicName>
is an
<taxonomicName id="DCF74E1F870896FDCB8EC24B04E0FD38" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
, even though those traits are found in other genera and even though the accessory penial gland can be both present and absent within a genus. That being said, a rectal gland and an accessory gland are found in all other
<taxonomicName id="E4D939E2F3B582A7E039CCD3081DA9C2" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
species. There is a small disc at the distal end of the accessory gland of the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="C8890FFFE26F7FFF2A15C619C54044E7" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Onchidium reevesii</taxonomicName>
, a structure which we found so far only in
<taxonomicName id="A8EE84C35248F65D749999FE91ABD2FD" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="06E344F74CE9343F81A12A8B6C52DBA8" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<bibRefCitation id="EA4378BB6A45461718E7FB6F7949BF47" author="Hoffmann, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher (Jena)" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="29 - 118" title="Zur Kenntnis der Oncidiiden." volume="55" year="1928">Hoffmann (1928</bibRefCitation>
: 69) placed
<taxonomicName id="3964A29689C970797618E67E15A1A828" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Onchidium reevesii</taxonomicName>
in the genus
<taxonomicName id="14E190D74D7AEF258898DC760435D8F0" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Oncis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oncis" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Oncis</taxonomicName>
(i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="094EF5E8CBFC9DCEF739D8C0013E2622" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Platevindex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platevindex" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Platevindex</taxonomicName>
) with a question mark but, in the same publication (
<bibRefCitation id="690110CC0F53BDF5BFBB01208A6A643C" author="Hoffmann, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher (Jena)" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="29 - 118" title="Zur Kenntnis der Oncidiiden." volume="55" year="1928">Hoffmann 1928</bibRefCitation>
: 103), accepted it as an
<taxonomicName id="10F9AE23B82C014563D5124A2CB95BDE" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidella" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidella</taxonomicName>
also. Hoffmann did not have access to new material and he does not seem to have examined the type because he did not comment on it.
<bibRefCitation id="01304FD53E6B2E7ADADA5DDEAED906EA" author="Britton, KM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Molluscan Studies" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="179 - 191" title="The Onchidiacea (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) of Hong Kong with a worldwide review of the genera." volume="50" year="1984">Britton (1984)</bibRefCitation>
then used the new combination
<taxonomicName id="A9AC7C68D3C8E2B2ACD6A7216507EB2B" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Paraoncidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraoncidium reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Paraoncidium reevesii</taxonomicName>
based on material that was sent to him from Hong Kong but without examining the type material of
<taxonomicName id="10476AFD202A34E1A5CD596F0E325292" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Onchidium reevesii</taxonomicName>
. However,
<normalizedToken id="E23FDCF09AAC36A48C59339FFA375B87" originalValue="Britton’s">Britton's</normalizedToken>
identification was erroneous because he described
<taxonomicName id="DFF8CFE455FD793D8C3D25F3822F162C" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Paraoncidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraoncidium reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Paraoncidium reevesii</taxonomicName>
as lacking both a rectal gland and an accessory penial gland, while both glands are actually present in the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="52EDA4CA2C6D6489E5A3D375AD43C6C7" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Onchidium reevesii</taxonomicName>
. Also,
<taxonomicName id="6175A48771FA8E741677E65A7E971A65" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Paraoncidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraoncidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Paraoncidium</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="919A5B7EF44D8BC123853B3CBCC73E42" originalValue="Labbé">Labbe</normalizedToken>
, 1934 actually is a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="F76A9480AFD36E1248C2A3D843A605B5" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidina" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidina</taxonomicName>
Semper, 1885, and thus refers to a different clade.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DAFF51F10E9579BA592898FEF233A41C" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<bibRefCitation id="F14E9CA07AE5CA97B08529138FA9C79C" author="Sun, B" journalOrPublisher="Molluscan Research" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="62 - 70" title="Species diversity of Onchidiidae (Eupulmonata: Heterobranchia) on the mainland of China based on molecular data." url="10.1080/13235818.2013.868860" volume="34" year="2014">Sun et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
adopted
<bibRefCitation id="711C65BF821BCC853BDEEBC2882040EB" author="Britton, KM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Molluscan Studies" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="179 - 191" title="The Onchidiacea (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) of Hong Kong with a worldwide review of the genera." volume="50" year="1984">
<normalizedToken id="E71949D8596F1AA6D114AD72783A81D2" originalValue="Britton’s">Britton's</normalizedToken>
(1984)
</bibRefCitation>
work and their use of the name
<taxonomicName id="364ABAE186A40C24945A032815DC19CC" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Paraoncidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paraoncidium reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Paraoncidium reevesii</taxonomicName>
is a misidentification because it refers to a species with no rectal gland and no accessory penial gland, based on our own dissections of that species. The molecular study of
<bibRefCitation id="0E52ACCBC94EDB66A440EAF15FFC085E" author="Sun, B" journalOrPublisher="Molluscan Research" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="62 - 70" title="Species diversity of Onchidiidae (Eupulmonata: Heterobranchia) on the mainland of China based on molecular data." url="10.1080/13235818.2013.868860" volume="34" year="2014">Sun et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
shows that there are eight onchidiid species in China. Unfortunately, their identifications are erroneous (at the specific and/or generic levels). However, by including their sequences in our comprehensive regional data set and due to our own dissections it is possible to know what those species are as well as their internal anatomy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A206361A98D1351072E6096A2CB98EB" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
There are actually only two species in China with both a rectal gland and an accessory penial gland, and both species belong to the genus
<taxonomicName id="29A921F838A4846699F1115661592803" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
. In the study
<pageBreakToken id="F97729F370C77C3255F2405FA824C463" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" start="start">by</pageBreakToken>
<bibRefCitation id="9BC42115A40383BE3F81E5C883DBC24B" author="Sun, B" journalOrPublisher="Molluscan Research" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="62 - 70" title="Species diversity of Onchidiidae (Eupulmonata: Heterobranchia) on the mainland of China based on molecular data." url="10.1080/13235818.2013.868860" volume="34" year="2014">Sun et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
, those two species are confused under a single name,
<taxonomicName id="B96DA7828FA21E168FEFF14A9385442B" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
&quot;
<taxonomicName id="A4A91B5D69AECC71361CB4823B32D780" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium struma" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="struma">struma</taxonomicName>
&quot;, which is a nomen nudum. One of those two species,
<taxonomicName id="23F6DDF621D0BD2468A91AA46889A7A8" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium stuxbergi" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stuxbergi">Onchidium stuxbergi</taxonomicName>
, is restricted to the extreme southernmost latitudes of the coast of China (up to 22°10'N) but is also distributed in Malaysia (Sabah, Peninsula), Vietnam, Brunei, and the Philippines (see above
<taxonomicName id="83F0E9BBC4DAE566C618C8A9083EEC30" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium stuxbergi" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stuxbergi">Onchidium stuxbergi</taxonomicName>
). The other species,
<taxonomicName id="B5BEC043B4CA0D21A78C51C11458CFA7" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Onchidium reevesii</taxonomicName>
, seems to be endemic to China and is distributed along nearly the entire coast of China (from 22°30' to 34°36'), except for the southernmost and northernmost latitudes. It makes sense that
<taxonomicName id="EF84569C9275661CE19AC5CE68D67204" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Onchidium reevesii</taxonomicName>
applies to the species that is the most widely distributed in China because its type locality (
<normalizedToken id="C28D9A6EB22A697EB652CA25EC497657" originalValue="“China”">&quot;China&quot;</normalizedToken>
) had a much higher chance to fall within the range of
<taxonomicName id="F1618369857F820DD4E7F5F709536CB9" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Onchidium reevesii</taxonomicName>
compared to that of
<taxonomicName id="3188F474BD69C7833CA7AEC94C5A870A" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium stuxbergi" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stuxbergi">Onchidium stuxbergi</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="64C597D922547F97F3FCC46DF8DDC9A9" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="498093E5788E07456115DA25AB82C7D6" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Onchidium reevesii</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0DFE7082197060A8972C33F0742BCD3B" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium stuxbergi" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stuxbergi">Onchidium stuxbergi</taxonomicName>
, of which the distribution ranges do not seem to overlap, differ externally and internally. A few pictures of live animals of
<taxonomicName id="245D73346439AE89BF39B961E636EFAC" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
&quot;
<taxonomicName id="1844C24F152BCBF4764F249E583FB5EC" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium struma" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="struma">struma</taxonomicName>
&quot; from Shangai, northern China (
<bibRefCitation id="F4122B63EE2F2FB47FA3207D5CC739EE" author="Shen, H" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Fisheries of China" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="753 - 760" title="Experimental study on the reproductive biology of Onchidiumstruma." volume="30" year="2006">Shen et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1), show that the foot of
<taxonomicName id="DC69F739F189B6DDE8EE7B146861A3C5" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Onchidium reevesii</taxonomicName>
is whitish (the foot of
<taxonomicName id="9B76769E8C7C44197803D426DFAB8DB9" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium stuxbergi" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stuxbergi">Onchidium stuxbergi</taxonomicName>
is bright orange). Internally, the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="509FCB219318EC6F9750987450660E18" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Onchidium reevesii</taxonomicName>
is lacking the additional, left, retractor muscle that is exclusively diagnostic of
<taxonomicName id="7A2A8FFAA40B2E622F1353E0B5748355" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium stuxbergi" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stuxbergi">Onchidium stuxbergi</taxonomicName>
. The spiral coils of the penial sheath of the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="A19FF2C159FD9E89B5104E6B7D6BDA50" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Onchidium reevesii</taxonomicName>
are compatible with the illustration (although fuzzy) of the anterior male apparatus of specimens misidentified as
<taxonomicName id="8764C7CA3CA79FB9638FF61A1EECA6ED" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Onchidium</taxonomicName>
&quot;
<taxonomicName id="A7F1244D9F8F2D2B8B606E1FF7439C1E" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium struma" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="struma">struma</taxonomicName>
&quot; from Shangai (
<bibRefCitation id="346811CAD826EB8302B2FD4A2DE331A6" author="Wu, Y" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Fishery Sciences of China" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="17 - 21" title="Studies on histology of reproductive system of Onchidium sp." volume="14" year="2007">Wu et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1). However, spiral coils of the penial sheath are not diagnostic of
<taxonomicName id="3C0563F8ABB4A14FF2914C8C40B490F8" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Onchidium reevesii</taxonomicName>
because they are also found in
<taxonomicName id="A52865E5BDE48D8D76E5DBBB001674DE" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium typhae" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="typhae">Onchidium typhae</taxonomicName>
. Finally, there are fewer loops in the intestine of the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="19C977C8755E6E8089C3372AFB9C6C06" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium reevesii" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reevesii">Onchidium reevesii</taxonomicName>
than in
<taxonomicName id="E2A2E881C57405F6B713B6357FD53EC6" class="Gastropoda" family="Onchidiidae" genus="Onchidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Onchidium stuxbergi" order="Systellommatophora" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stuxbergi">Onchidium stuxbergi</taxonomicName>
(of type III) and, based on our data, the intestine of a species cannot be of different types.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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