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<document id="5E2980D442A874EC7C95B242F4535B99" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a19" ID-GBIF-Dataset="92402f3e-075a-440f-87df-a545fd221c0c" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3695594" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C34F475B-6315-400C-ACE3-B67B1667C033" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1583245730904" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Downs, Jason P., Daeschler, Edward B., Lo, Nathanael, Carey, Emily N. &amp; Shubin, Neil H." docDate="2019" docId="594A8781BF13E56CFC29CA12D9DC3AA8" docLanguage="en" docName="GEODIVERSITAS.41.19.679-698.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 41 (19)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Asterolepis cf. radiata Eichwald, 1840 sensu Agassiz 1844" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="691" masterDocId="A573FFF9BF18E562FF84C865DA193D45" masterDocTitle="Asterolepis alticristata n. sp. (Antiarchi) from the Upper Devonian (Frasnian) of Nunavut, Canada, and a report on the antiarch diversity of the Fram Formation" masterLastPageNumber="698" masterPageNumber="679" pageNumber="688" updateTime="1698724279455" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:title id="E7A7681FE273B55C9F734182FFDAEDC4">Asterolepis alticristata n. sp. (Antiarchi) from the Upper Devonian (Frasnian) of Nunavut, Canada, and a report on the antiarch diversity of the Fram Formation</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="D15C3697BF13E569FC29CA12DF363FD7" blockId="11.[941,1327,631,658]" box="[941,1327,631,658]" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">
<heading id="8A1481FBBF13E569FC29CA12DF363FD7" box="[941,1327,631,658]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF13E569FC29CA12DF363FD7" authorityName="Eichwald, 1840 sensu Agassiz" authorityYear="1844" box="[941,1327,631,658]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cf. radiata">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF13E569FC29CA12DE063FD7" bold="true" box="[941,1055,631,658]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">Asterolepis</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF13E569FBC3CA12DE813FD7" bold="true" box="[1095,1176,631,658]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">radiata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B5724B66BF13E569FB1BCA1DDF363FD7" author="ROHON J. V." box="[1183,1327,632,658]" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref18308" refString="ROHON J. V. 1899. - Die devonischen fische von Timan in Russland. Sitzungsberichte der koniglische bohmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Classe 8: 1 - 77 [in German]." type="journal article" year="1899">Rohon, 1899</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="F1F311B9BF13E569FCA9CAD5DE843F8C" box="[813,1181,688,713]" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF13E569FCA9CAD5D9973F8D" ID-CoL="9235F" authorityName="Eichwald, 1840 sensu Agassiz" authorityYear="1844" box="[813,910,688,712]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF13E569FCA9CAD5D9973F8D" box="[813,910,688,712]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">Asterolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cf.
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF13E569FC35CAD5D9EC3F8D" box="[945,1013,688,712]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">radiata</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="50421086BF13E569FC78CAD4DE833F8C" author="ROHON J. V." box="[1020,1178,689,713]" page="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" year="1899">
<bibRefCitation id="B5724B66BF13E569FC78CAD4DE833F8C" author="ROHON J. V." box="[1020,1178,689,713]" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref18308" refString="ROHON J. V. 1899. - Die devonischen fische von Timan in Russland. Sitzungsberichte der koniglische bohmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Classe 8: 1 - 77 [in German]." type="journal article" year="1899">Rohon, 1899: 8</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF13E569FCA9CA85DFA93FBD" blockId="11.[813,1456,736,760]" box="[813,1456,736,760]" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F1F311B9BF13E569FCA9CA85DFA93FBD" box="[813,1456,736,760]" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF13E569FCA9CA85D9913FBD" ID-CoL="9235F" authorityName="Eichwald, 1840 sensu Agassiz" authorityYear="1844" box="[813,904,736,760]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF13E569FCA9CA85D9913FBD" box="[813,904,736,760]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">Asterolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. –
<treatmentCitation id="50421086BF13E569FC3ECA85DEB13FBD" author="DAESCHLER E. B. &amp; SHUBIN N. H. &amp; JENKINS JR F. A." box="[954,1192,736,760]" page="759" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="B5724B66BF13E569FC3ECA85DEB13FBD" author="DAESCHLER E. B. &amp; SHUBIN N. H. &amp; JENKINS JR F. A." box="[954,1192,736,760]" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" pagination="757 - 763" refId="ref16243" refString="DAESCHLER E. B., SHUBIN N. H. &amp; JENKINS JR F. A. 2006. - A Devonian tetrapod-like fish and the evolution of the tetrapod body plan. Nature 440: 757 - 763. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / nature 04639" type="journal article" year="2006">
Daeschler
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF13E569FB9DCA84DE5A3FBD" box="[1049,1091,736,760]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">et al.</emphasis>
2006: 759
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="50421086BF13E569FB48CA84DFB53FBD" author="DOWNS J. P. &amp; DAESCHLER E. B. &amp; JENKINS JR. F. A. &amp; SHUBIN N. H." box="[1228,1452,736,760]" page="994" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="B5724B66BF13E569FB48CA84DFB53FBD" author="DOWNS J. P. &amp; DAESCHLER E. B. &amp; JENKINS JR. F. A. &amp; SHUBIN N. H." box="[1228,1452,736,760]" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" pagination="981 - 996" refId="ref16348" refString="DOWNS J. P., DAESCHLER E. B., JENKINS JR. F. A. &amp; SHUBIN N. H. 2011 a. - A new species of Laccognathus (Sarcopterygii, Porolepiformes) from the Late Devonian of Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (5): 981 - 996. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.2011.599462" type="journal article" year="2011">
Downs
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF13E569FA97CA84DF243FBD" box="[1299,1341,736,760]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">et al.</emphasis>
2011a: 994
</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF13E569FCA9CB75DF0A3E6D" blockId="11.[813,1299,784,808]" box="[813,1299,784,808]" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">
“Asterolepid placoderm” –
<bibRefCitation id="B5724B66BF13E569FBB7CB75DF173E6D" author="DOWNS J. P. &amp; DAESCHLER E. B. &amp; JENKINS JR. F. A. &amp; SHUBIN N. H." box="[1075,1294,784,808]" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" pagination="47 - 59" refId="ref16495" refString="DOWNS J. P., DAESCHLER E. B., JENKINS JR. F. A. &amp; SHUBIN N. H. 2013. - Holoptychius bergmanni sp. nov. (Sarcopterygii, Porolepiformes) from the Upper Devonian of Nunavut, Canada, and a review of Holoptychius taxonomy. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 162: 47 - 59. https: // doi. org / 10.1635 / 053.162.0104" type="journal article" year="2013">
Downs
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF13E569FBFBCB75DEB73E6D" box="[1151,1198,784,808]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">et al.</emphasis>
2013: 48
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="99F9651CBF13E569FCA9CB5ADE263EB4" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" type="description">
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF13E569FCA9CB5ADEF43E1D" blockId="11.[813,1261,831,856]" box="[813,1261,831,856]" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">
“Asterolepid antiarch” –
<bibRefCitation id="B5724B66BF13E569FB9FCB25DEF03E1D" author="DOWNS J. P. &amp; DAESCHLER E. B. &amp; LONG A. M. &amp; SHUBIN N. H." box="[1051,1257,831,856]" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref16644" refString="DOWNS J. P., DAESCHLER E. B., LONG A. M. &amp; SHUBIN N. H. 2018. - Eusthenopteron jenkinsi sp. nov. (Sarcopterygii, Tristichopteridae) from the Upper Devonian of Nunavut, Canada, and a review of Eusthenopteron taxonomy. Breviora 562: 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.3099 / MCZ 44.1" type="journal article" year="2018">
Downs
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF13E569FBE3CB25DE8F3E12" box="[1127,1174,831,855]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">et al.</emphasis>
2018: 1
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF13E569FCA9CB0ADE263EB4" blockId="11.[813,1455,879,1009]" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">
LOCALITY AND HORIZON. — NV2K17 locality (77˚09’59.1”N, 86˚16’9.42”W), Fram Formation near the eastern arm of Bird Fiord on southern Ellesmere Island,
<collectingRegion id="1327F875BF13E569FBD6CBC1DF1C3EF9" box="[1106,1285,932,956]" country="Canada" name="Nunavut" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">Nunavut Territory</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="A9F47607BF13E569FA8ACBC1DF453EF9" box="[1294,1372,932,956]" name="Canada" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">Canada</collectingCountry>
. Palynological data indicate an early Frasnian age (
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF13E569FB53CBDBDF013E93" box="[1239,1304,958,982]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">medius</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF13E569FAC8CBDBDFB63E93" box="[1356,1455,958,982]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">maclarenii</emphasis>
zones of
<bibRefCitation id="B5724B66BF13E569FC06CBBCDE283EB4" author="CHI B. I. &amp; HILLS L. V." box="[898,1073,985,1009]" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" pagination="640 - 818" refId="ref16174" refString="CHI B. I. &amp; HILLS L. V. 1976. - Biostratigraphy and taxonomy of Devonian megaspores, Arctic Canada. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 24: 640 - 818." type="journal article" year="1976">Chi &amp; Hills 1976</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="99F9651CBF13E569FCA9CC6DDE623861" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF13E569FCA9CC6DDF2339E0" blockId="11.[813,1456,1032,1189]" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">
DIAGNOSIS. — Antiarch referred to
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF13E569FB07CC6DDEFD3965" authorityName="Eichwald, 1840 sensu Agassiz" authorityYear="1844" box="[1155,1252,1032,1056]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF13E569FB07CC6DDEFD3965" box="[1155,1252,1032,1056]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">Asterolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of an anterior median dorsal plate that broadly overlaps the mixilateral plates (
<bibRefCitation id="B5724B66BF13E569FCF4CC58DE313913" author="MOLOSHNIKOV S." box="[880,1064,1085,1110]" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" pagination="691 - 773" refId="ref18033" refString="MOLOSHNIKOV S. 2008. - Devonian antiarchs (Pisces, Antiarchi) from Central and Southern European Russia. Paleontological Journal 42 (7): 691 - 773. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030108070010" type="journal article" year="2008">Moloshnikov 2008</bibRefCitation>
). Referred to
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF13E569FB2FCC58DF123910" authorityName="Eichwald, 1840 sensu Agassiz" authorityYear="1844" box="[1195,1291,1085,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF13E569FB2FCC58DF123910" box="[1195,1291,1085,1109]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">Asterolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cf.
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF13E569FAA8CC58DF693910" box="[1324,1392,1085,1109]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">radiata</emphasis>
by the presence of an external skeletal ornament that is composed entirely of rows of tubercles and/or ridges that radiate from the center of ossification to the margins of the plate (
<bibRefCitation id="B5724B66BF13E569FB34CCE8DF3439E0" author="ROHON J. V." box="[1200,1325,1165,1189]" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref18308" refString="ROHON J. V. 1899. - Die devonischen fische von Timan in Russland. Sitzungsberichte der koniglische bohmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Classe 8: 1 - 77 [in German]." type="journal article" year="1899">Rohon 1899</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF13E569FCA9CCD9DE623861" blockId="11.[813,1455,1212,1316]" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">REFERRED MATERIAL. — NUFV 795, 797-800, 804, anterior median dorsal plate; NUFV 809, 825, posterior median dorsal plate; NUFV 846, 863, mixilateral plate; NUFV 883, partial anterior dorsolateral and mixilateral plates.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="99F9651CBF13E56CFCA9CD30D9DC3AA8" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="691" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" type="description">
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF13E569FCA9CD30DEC038CA" blockId="11.[813,1456,1365,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">
DESCRIPTION OF THORACIC AND PECTORAL SKELETONS
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF13E569FCA9CD10DEC038CA" box="[813,1241,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">
Anterior median dorsal plate (
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF13E569FBE0CD13DEC938CA" box="[1124,1232,1397,1423]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1392,1410]" captionTargetBox="[133,1450,218,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[132,1455,215,1373]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Asterolepis cf. radiata: A, B, NUFV 797, anterior median dorsal plate in dermal (A) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views;C, D, NUFV 825, partial posterior median dorsal plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D, photograph; D’, labeled illustration) views; E, NUFV 863, mixilateral in dermal view. Abbreviations: cd.ADL, area overlapped by the anterior dorsolateral plate; cd.AMD, area overlapped by the anterior median dorsal plate; cd.PMD, area overlapped by the posterior median dorsal plate; cv.ADL, area overlapping the anterior dorsolateral plate; cv.Mxl, area overlapping the mixilateral plate; lc, lateral corner; op.r, oblique posterolateral ridge; ps.d, parasagittal depressions; r.a, rough area; ta, tergal angle; v.p, visceral pit. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695606/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">Fig. 6A, B</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF13E56EFCA9CDF0DBEC3C96" blockId="11.[813,1456,1365,2030]" lastBlockId="12.[132,776,217,1360]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="689" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">
The five complete anterior median dorsal plates of
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF13E569FAF5CDF0D97F388A" authorityName="Eichwald, 1840 sensu Agassiz" authorityYear="1844" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF13E569FAF5CDF0D97F388A" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">Asterolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cf.
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF13E569FC15CDD0D9C7388A" box="[913,990,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">radiata</emphasis>
(NUFV 795, 797-800) exhibit a size and shape range consistent with known material of
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF13E569FABFCDB0DFB138AA" box="[1339,1448,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">A. radiata</emphasis>
. Among these five specimens, the midline length of the plate is between
<quantity id="161B9B72BF13E569FC27CE71DE0F3B6A" box="[931,1046,1556,1583]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.975" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" unit="mm" value="79.75">79.75 mm</quantity>
(NUFV 798) and
<quantity id="161B9B72BF13E569FB64CE70DF4A3B6A" box="[1248,1363,1557,1583]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.494" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" unit="mm" value="94.94">94.94 mm</quantity>
(NUFV 800) and width across the lateral corners (
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF13E569FA96CE51DF733B0A" box="[1298,1386,1588,1615]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1392,1410]" captionTargetBox="[133,1450,218,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[132,1455,215,1373]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Asterolepis cf. radiata: A, B, NUFV 797, anterior median dorsal plate in dermal (A) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views;C, D, NUFV 825, partial posterior median dorsal plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D, photograph; D’, labeled illustration) views; E, NUFV 863, mixilateral in dermal view. Abbreviations: cd.ADL, area overlapped by the anterior dorsolateral plate; cd.AMD, area overlapped by the anterior median dorsal plate; cd.PMD, area overlapped by the posterior median dorsal plate; cv.ADL, area overlapping the anterior dorsolateral plate; cv.Mxl, area overlapping the mixilateral plate; lc, lateral corner; op.r, oblique posterolateral ridge; ps.d, parasagittal depressions; r.a, rough area; ta, tergal angle; v.p, visceral pit. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695606/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
[lc]) is between
<quantity id="161B9B72BF13E569FC14CE31DE1C3B2A" box="[912,1029,1620,1647]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.441" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" unit="mm" value="54.41">54.41 mm</quantity>
(NUFV 798) and
<quantity id="161B9B72BF13E569FB5FCE31DF493B2A" box="[1243,1360,1620,1647]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.809" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" unit="mm" value="68.09">68.09 mm</quantity>
(NUFV 800). The width/length index of the plate (width across the lateral corners × 100 / midline length), then, is between 65 and 73 for the five specimens. The lateral corners of these plates are positioned close to the midpoint of the plate’s length. This presents a differently shaped anterior median dorsal plate than that of those
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF13E569FBFDCF71DEFE3A6B" authorityName="Eichwald, 1840 sensu Agassiz" authorityYear="1844" box="[1145,1255,1812,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF13E569FBFDCF71DEFE3A6B" box="[1145,1255,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">Asterolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species with anterior median dorsal plate lateral corners near the plate’s caudal end (
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF13E569FC38CF36DE693A28" box="[956,1136,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF13E569FC38CF36DE343A28" authorityName="Eichwald, 1840 sensu Agassiz" authorityYear="1844" box="[956,1069,1875,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Asterolepis</taxonomicName>
essica
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B5724B66BF13E569FBFDCF36DF343A2B" author="LYARSKAJA L. A." box="[1145,1325,1875,1902]" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" refId="ref17797" refString="LYARSKAJA L. A. 1981. - Baltic Devonian Placodermi: Asterolepididae. Zinatne, Riga, Latvia, 152 p. [in Russian with English summary]." type="book" year="1981">Lyarskaja, 1981</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF13E569FABACF36D9663AC8" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF13E569FABACF36DFB63A28" authorityName="Eichwald, 1840 sensu Agassiz" authorityYear="1844" box="[1342,1455,1875,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Asterolepis</taxonomicName>
estonica
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B5724B66BF13E569FC02CF16DE153AC8" author="GROSS W." box="[902,1036,1907,1934]" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" pagination="12 - 99" refId="ref17198" refString="GROSS W. 1940. - Acanthodier und Placodermen aus den Heterostius - Schichten Estlands und Lettlands. Tartu Ulikooli juures oleva Loodusuurijate Seltsi Aruanded 46: 12 - 99 [in German]. http: // hdl. handle. net / 10062 / 29055" type="journal article" year="1940">Gross, 1940</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF13E569FB9FCF16DF233AC8" box="[1051,1338,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF13E569FB9FCF16DE903AC8" authorityName="Eichwald, 1840 sensu Agassiz" authorityYear="1844" box="[1051,1161,1907,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Asterolepis</taxonomicName>
säve-söderberghi
</emphasis>
Stensïo &amp; Säve-Söderbergh, 1938, and
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF13E569FBEDCFF6DF253AE8" box="[1129,1340,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF13E569FBEDCFF6DECE3AE8" authorityName="Eichwald, 1840 sensu Agassiz" authorityYear="1844" box="[1129,1239,1939,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="688" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Asterolepis</taxonomicName>
syasiensis
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B5724B66BF13E569FAC6CFF6D97F3A88" author="LYARSKAJA L. A." pageId="11" pageNumber="688" refId="ref17797" refString="LYARSKAJA L. A. 1981. - Baltic Devonian Placodermi: Asterolepididae. Zinatne, Riga, Latvia, 152 p. [in Russian with English summary]." type="book" year="1981">Lyarskaja, 1981</bibRefCitation>
). The tergal angle (
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF13E569FBBDCFD6DE943A88" box="[1081,1165,1970,1997]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1392,1410]" captionTargetBox="[133,1450,218,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[132,1455,215,1373]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Asterolepis cf. radiata: A, B, NUFV 797, anterior median dorsal plate in dermal (A) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views;C, D, NUFV 825, partial posterior median dorsal plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D, photograph; D’, labeled illustration) views; E, NUFV 863, mixilateral in dermal view. Abbreviations: cd.ADL, area overlapped by the anterior dorsolateral plate; cd.AMD, area overlapped by the anterior median dorsal plate; cd.PMD, area overlapped by the posterior median dorsal plate; cv.ADL, area overlapping the anterior dorsolateral plate; cv.Mxl, area overlapping the mixilateral plate; lc, lateral corner; op.r, oblique posterolateral ridge; ps.d, parasagittal depressions; r.a, rough area; ta, tergal angle; v.p, visceral pit. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695606/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="688">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
[ta]) is cranial to the center of the anterior median dorsal plate in this new sample of
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF14E56EFF00C8BCDAE83DB6" authorityName="Eichwald, 1840 sensu Agassiz" authorityYear="1844" box="[132,241,217,243]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="688" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF14E56EFF00C8BCDAE83DB6" box="[132,241,217,243]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Asterolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cf. radiata, and as previously reported for the species, a low dorsal midline crest extends from the tergal angle to the caudal end of the plate. The cranial end of the plate is blunt (width of cranial margin × 100 / midline length =
<quantity id="161B9B72BF14E56EFF00C93CDAC63C36" box="[132,223,345,372]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.44932" pageId="12" pageNumber="689" unit="in" value="13.58">13.58 in</quantity>
largest specimen, NUFV 800) and therefore unlike the narrow pointed cranial tip of the anterior median dorsal plate in
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF14E56EFF5BC9FDDBD93CF7" box="[223,448,408,434]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF14E56EFF5BC9FDDB543CF7" authorityName="Eichwald, 1840 sensu Agassiz" authorityYear="1844" box="[223,333,408,434]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="688" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Asterolepis</taxonomicName>
chadwicki
</emphasis>
(same index reported as 6.00 in C.U. No. 42344,
<bibRefCitation id="B5724B66BF14E56EFEECC9DDDBFD3C97" author="WELLS J. W." box="[360,484,440,466]" pageId="12" pageNumber="689" pagination="492 - 495" refId="ref18950" refString="WELLS J. W. 1964. - The antiarch Asterolepis in the Upper Devonian of New York. Journal of Paleontology 38 (3): 492 - 495. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 1301525" type="journal article" year="1964">Wells 1964</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF14E56EFF1FC9BDDBE33954" blockId="12.[132,776,217,1360]" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">
The anterior median dorsal plate of
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF14E56EFD92C9BDD8983CB7" authorityName="Eichwald, 1840 sensu Agassiz" authorityYear="1844" box="[534,641,472,498]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="688" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF14E56EFD92C9BDD8983CB7" box="[534,641,472,498]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Asterolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cf.
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF14E56EFD22C9BDD8E83CB7" box="[678,753,472,498]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">radiata</emphasis>
is vaulted in the transverse plane and vaulted but less so in the sagittal plane. A steeply depressed zone at the caudal end of the anterior median dorsal plate’s external surface accommodates the overlap of the posterior median dorsal plate (
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF14E56EFD0BCA3DD8F83F37" box="[655,737,600,626]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1392,1410]" captionTargetBox="[133,1450,218,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[132,1455,215,1373]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Asterolepis cf. radiata: A, B, NUFV 797, anterior median dorsal plate in dermal (A) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views;C, D, NUFV 825, partial posterior median dorsal plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D, photograph; D’, labeled illustration) views; E, NUFV 863, mixilateral in dermal view. Abbreviations: cd.ADL, area overlapped by the anterior dorsolateral plate; cd.AMD, area overlapped by the anterior median dorsal plate; cd.PMD, area overlapped by the posterior median dorsal plate; cv.ADL, area overlapping the anterior dorsolateral plate; cv.Mxl, area overlapping the mixilateral plate; lc, lateral corner; op.r, oblique posterolateral ridge; ps.d, parasagittal depressions; r.a, rough area; ta, tergal angle; v.p, visceral pit. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695606/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
[cd. PMD]). This overlap zone is crested like the ornamented surface but the crest here is accordingly depressed below the ornamented one. The visceral surface of the anterior median dorsal plate shows the steeply depressed areas of anterior dorsolateral plate (
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF14E56EFED7CA92DB8D3E54" box="[339,404,759,785]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1392,1410]" captionTargetBox="[133,1450,218,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[132,1455,215,1373]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Asterolepis cf. radiata: A, B, NUFV 797, anterior median dorsal plate in dermal (A) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views;C, D, NUFV 825, partial posterior median dorsal plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D, photograph; D’, labeled illustration) views; E, NUFV 863, mixilateral in dermal view. Abbreviations: cd.ADL, area overlapped by the anterior dorsolateral plate; cd.AMD, area overlapped by the anterior median dorsal plate; cd.PMD, area overlapped by the posterior median dorsal plate; cv.ADL, area overlapping the anterior dorsolateral plate; cv.Mxl, area overlapping the mixilateral plate; lc, lateral corner; op.r, oblique posterolateral ridge; ps.d, parasagittal depressions; r.a, rough area; ta, tergal angle; v.p, visceral pit. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695606/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
B’[cv.ADL]) and mixilateral plate (
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF14E56EFF0ACB72DAC83E74" box="[142,209,791,817]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1392,1410]" captionTargetBox="[133,1450,218,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[132,1455,215,1373]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Asterolepis cf. radiata: A, B, NUFV 797, anterior median dorsal plate in dermal (A) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views;C, D, NUFV 825, partial posterior median dorsal plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D, photograph; D’, labeled illustration) views; E, NUFV 863, mixilateral in dermal view. Abbreviations: cd.ADL, area overlapped by the anterior dorsolateral plate; cd.AMD, area overlapped by the anterior median dorsal plate; cd.PMD, area overlapped by the posterior median dorsal plate; cv.ADL, area overlapping the anterior dorsolateral plate; cv.Mxl, area overlapping the mixilateral plate; lc, lateral corner; op.r, oblique posterolateral ridge; ps.d, parasagittal depressions; r.a, rough area; ta, tergal angle; v.p, visceral pit. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695606/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
B’[cv.Mxl]) underlap. These are connected to one another across the lateral corners. Low, wide, oblique ridges (
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF14E56EFF09CB32DAD53E34" box="[141,204,855,881]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1392,1410]" captionTargetBox="[133,1450,218,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[132,1455,215,1373]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Asterolepis cf. radiata: A, B, NUFV 797, anterior median dorsal plate in dermal (A) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views;C, D, NUFV 825, partial posterior median dorsal plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D, photograph; D’, labeled illustration) views; E, NUFV 863, mixilateral in dermal view. Abbreviations: cd.ADL, area overlapped by the anterior dorsolateral plate; cd.AMD, area overlapped by the anterior median dorsal plate; cd.PMD, area overlapped by the posterior median dorsal plate; cv.ADL, area overlapping the anterior dorsolateral plate; cv.Mxl, area overlapping the mixilateral plate; lc, lateral corner; op.r, oblique posterolateral ridge; ps.d, parasagittal depressions; r.a, rough area; ta, tergal angle; v.p, visceral pit. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695606/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
B’[op.r]) of the visceral surface extend from the area opposite to the tergal angle to the caudolateral corners of the plate. The cranial end of the plate’s visceral surface exhibits a rough area (
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF14E56EFEA7CBD2DB7C3E94" box="[291,357,951,977]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1392,1410]" captionTargetBox="[133,1450,218,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[132,1455,215,1373]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Asterolepis cf. radiata: A, B, NUFV 797, anterior median dorsal plate in dermal (A) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views;C, D, NUFV 825, partial posterior median dorsal plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D, photograph; D’, labeled illustration) views; E, NUFV 863, mixilateral in dermal view. Abbreviations: cd.ADL, area overlapped by the anterior dorsolateral plate; cd.AMD, area overlapped by the anterior median dorsal plate; cd.PMD, area overlapped by the posterior median dorsal plate; cv.ADL, area overlapping the anterior dorsolateral plate; cv.Mxl, area overlapping the mixilateral plate; lc, lateral corner; op.r, oblique posterolateral ridge; ps.d, parasagittal depressions; r.a, rough area; ta, tergal angle; v.p, visceral pit. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695606/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
B’[r.a]) on the midline that has been interpreted as an attachment site for cranial levator muscles in
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF14E56EFF25CB93DBEC3954" authority="(Moloshnikov 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Moloshnikov" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[161,501,1014,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="689" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF14E56EFF25CB93DB153955" box="[161,268,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Asterolepis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B5724B66BF14E56EFE98CB93DBF33954" author="MOLOSHNIKOV S." box="[284,490,1014,1041]" pageId="12" pageNumber="689" pagination="691 - 773" refId="ref18033" refString="MOLOSHNIKOV S. 2008. - Devonian antiarchs (Pisces, Antiarchi) from Central and Southern European Russia. Paleontological Journal 42 (7): 691 - 773. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030108070010" type="journal article" year="2008">Moloshnikov 2008</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF14E56EFF1FCC73D8033815" blockId="12.[132,776,217,1360]" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">
The external ornament of all five anterior median dorsal plates attributed here to
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF14E56EFE00CC53DBF73915" baseAuthorityName="Moloshnikov" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[388,494,1078,1104]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="688" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF14E56EFE00CC53DBF73915" box="[388,494,1078,1104]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Asterolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cf.
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF14E56EFD97CC53D8473915" box="[531,606,1078,1104]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">radiata</emphasis>
consists of rows of isolated or conjoined tubercles that radiate from the tergal angle out to the margins of the ornamented surface. This ornament is consistent with Rohon’s (translated from 1899: 23) original description of
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF14E56EFE37CCD3D8383995" box="[435,545,1206,1232]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">A. radiata</emphasis>
(“tubercles arranged in radial lines or of radiating or parallel bars”), but is unlike the dramatically ridged/grooved ornamented surface of PIN No. 3725/1191, an anterior median dorsal plate attributed to
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF14E56EFF25CD53DB12380A" box="[161,267,1333,1360]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">A. radiata</emphasis>
by
<bibRefCitation id="B5724B66BF14E56EFEB7CD50D80C3815" author="MOLOSHNIKOV S." box="[307,533,1333,1360]" pageId="12" pageNumber="689" pagination="691 - 773" refId="ref18033" refString="MOLOSHNIKOV S. 2008. - Devonian antiarchs (Pisces, Antiarchi) from Central and Southern European Russia. Paleontological Journal 42 (7): 691 - 773. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030108070010" type="journal article" year="2008">Moloshnikov (2008)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF14E56EFF00CD13D82038CA" blockId="12.[132,775,1397,2030]" box="[132,569,1397,1423]" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF14E56EFF00CD13D82038CA" box="[132,569,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">
Posterior median dorsal plate (
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF14E56EFE3ACD13D82938CA" box="[446,560,1397,1423]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1392,1410]" captionTargetBox="[133,1450,218,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[132,1455,215,1373]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Asterolepis cf. radiata: A, B, NUFV 797, anterior median dorsal plate in dermal (A) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views;C, D, NUFV 825, partial posterior median dorsal plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D, photograph; D’, labeled illustration) views; E, NUFV 863, mixilateral in dermal view. Abbreviations: cd.ADL, area overlapped by the anterior dorsolateral plate; cd.AMD, area overlapped by the anterior median dorsal plate; cd.PMD, area overlapped by the posterior median dorsal plate; cv.ADL, area overlapping the anterior dorsolateral plate; cv.Mxl, area overlapping the mixilateral plate; lc, lateral corner; op.r, oblique posterolateral ridge; ps.d, parasagittal depressions; r.a, rough area; ta, tergal angle; v.p, visceral pit. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695606/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Fig. 6C, D</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF14E56EFF00CDF0DF003C97" blockId="12.[132,775,1397,2030]" lastBlockId="12.[813,1455,217,467]" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">
The posterior median dorsal plate of
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF14E56EFDA5CDF0D89638EA" baseAuthorityName="Moloshnikov" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[545,655,1429,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="688" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF14E56EFDA5CDF0D89638EA" box="[545,655,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Asterolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cf.
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF14E56EFD3ECDF0D91E38EA" box="[698,775,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">radiata</emphasis>
(NUFV 809, 811, 825;
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF14E56EFE1FCDD0D803388A" box="[411,538,1461,1487]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1392,1410]" captionTargetBox="[133,1450,218,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[132,1455,215,1373]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Asterolepis cf. radiata: A, B, NUFV 797, anterior median dorsal plate in dermal (A) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views;C, D, NUFV 825, partial posterior median dorsal plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D, photograph; D’, labeled illustration) views; E, NUFV 863, mixilateral in dermal view. Abbreviations: cd.ADL, area overlapped by the anterior dorsolateral plate; cd.AMD, area overlapped by the anterior median dorsal plate; cd.PMD, area overlapped by the posterior median dorsal plate; cv.ADL, area overlapping the anterior dorsolateral plate; cv.Mxl, area overlapping the mixilateral plate; lc, lateral corner; op.r, oblique posterolateral ridge; ps.d, parasagittal depressions; r.a, rough area; ta, tergal angle; v.p, visceral pit. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695606/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Fig. 6C, D</figureCitation>
) is known from two incomplete specimens that permit a limited description. The plate is strongly vaulted in the transverse plane with a sharp midline angle that extends along the entire preserved length of the external surface (
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF14E56EFE55CE51D83F3B0A" box="[465,550,1588,1615]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1392,1410]" captionTargetBox="[133,1450,218,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[132,1455,215,1373]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Asterolepis cf. radiata: A, B, NUFV 797, anterior median dorsal plate in dermal (A) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views;C, D, NUFV 825, partial posterior median dorsal plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D, photograph; D’, labeled illustration) views; E, NUFV 863, mixilateral in dermal view. Abbreviations: cd.ADL, area overlapped by the anterior dorsolateral plate; cd.AMD, area overlapped by the anterior median dorsal plate; cd.PMD, area overlapped by the posterior median dorsal plate; cv.ADL, area overlapping the anterior dorsolateral plate; cv.Mxl, area overlapping the mixilateral plate; lc, lateral corner; op.r, oblique posterolateral ridge; ps.d, parasagittal depressions; r.a, rough area; ta, tergal angle; v.p, visceral pit. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695606/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
); this angle does not form a raised crest like the caudal end of the anterior median dorsal plate. As is expected for
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF14E56EFE75CE11D87A3BCB" baseAuthorityName="Moloshnikov" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[497,611,1652,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="688" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF14E56EFE75CE11D87A3BCB" box="[497,611,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Asterolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the posterior median dorsal plate overlaps onto both anterior median dorsal (
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF14E56EFF57CED1DB3A3B8B" box="[211,291,1715,1742]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1392,1410]" captionTargetBox="[133,1450,218,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[132,1455,215,1373]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Asterolepis cf. radiata: A, B, NUFV 797, anterior median dorsal plate in dermal (A) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views;C, D, NUFV 825, partial posterior median dorsal plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D, photograph; D’, labeled illustration) views; E, NUFV 863, mixilateral in dermal view. Abbreviations: cd.ADL, area overlapped by the anterior dorsolateral plate; cd.AMD, area overlapped by the anterior median dorsal plate; cd.PMD, area overlapped by the posterior median dorsal plate; cv.ADL, area overlapping the anterior dorsolateral plate; cv.Mxl, area overlapping the mixilateral plate; lc, lateral corner; op.r, oblique posterolateral ridge; ps.d, parasagittal depressions; r.a, rough area; ta, tergal angle; v.p, visceral pit. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695606/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
[cd.PMD]) and mixilateral (
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF14E56EFDC8CED1D89E3B8B" box="[588,647,1716,1742]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1392,1410]" captionTargetBox="[133,1450,218,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[132,1455,215,1373]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Asterolepis cf. radiata: A, B, NUFV 797, anterior median dorsal plate in dermal (A) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views;C, D, NUFV 825, partial posterior median dorsal plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D, photograph; D’, labeled illustration) views; E, NUFV 863, mixilateral in dermal view. Abbreviations: cd.ADL, area overlapped by the anterior dorsolateral plate; cd.AMD, area overlapped by the anterior median dorsal plate; cd.PMD, area overlapped by the posterior median dorsal plate; cv.ADL, area overlapping the anterior dorsolateral plate; cv.Mxl, area overlapping the mixilateral plate; lc, lateral corner; op.r, oblique posterolateral ridge; ps.d, parasagittal depressions; r.a, rough area; ta, tergal angle; v.p, visceral pit. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695606/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
D’[cv.Mxl]) plates. The area overlapping the mixilateral plate is widest at a position in the plate’s caudal half and tapers both cranially and caudally along the posterior median dorsal plate’s lateral margin. Oblique caudolateral margins form a pointed caudal terminus to the plate but the posterior median dorsal plate does not exhibit either a caudal median process as in
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF14E56EFF00CFF6DB493AE8" box="[132,336,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF14E56EFF00CFF6DAEB3AE8" baseAuthorityName="Moloshnikov" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[132,242,1939,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="688" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Asterolepis</taxonomicName>
maxima
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B5724B66BF14E56EFEE4CFF6DBE43AE8" author="TRAQUAIR R. H." box="[352,509,1939,1965]" pageId="12" pageNumber="689" pagination="10 - 134" refId="ref18706" refString="TRAQUAIR R. H. 1914. - The fishes of the Old Red Sandstone of Britain. Part II - The Asterolepidae, in LANKESTER E. R., TRAQUAIR R. H. &amp; POWRIE J. (eds), A Monograph of the Fishes of the Old Red Sandstone of Britain. Palaeontographical Society, London, England: 10 - 134." type="book chapter" year="1914">Traquair 1914</bibRefCitation>
) and juvenile
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF14E56EFD1DCFF6DAD33A88" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF14E56EFD1DCFF6D91E3AE8" baseAuthorityName="Moloshnikov" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[665,775,1939,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="688" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Asterolepis</taxonomicName>
ornata
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B5724B66BF14E56EFF5ECFD6D8123A88" author="UPENIECE I. &amp; UPENIEKS J." box="[218,523,1971,1997]" pageId="12" pageNumber="689" pagination="167 - 176" refId="ref18830" refString="UPENIECE I. &amp; UPENIEKS J. 1992. - Young Upper Devonian antiarch (Asterolepis) individuals from the Lode quarry, Latvia, in MARK- KURIK E. (ed.), Academia 1. Fossil Fishes as Living Organisms. Academy of Sciences of Estonia, Tallinn: 167 - 176." type="book chapter" year="1992">Upeniece &amp; Upenieks 1992</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B5724B66BF14E56EFD9DCFD6D8A63A88" author="UPENIECE I." box="[537,703,1971,1997]" pageId="12" pageNumber="689" refId="ref18774" refString="UPENIECE I. 2011. - Palaeoecology and juvenile individuals of the Devonian placoderm and acanthodian fishes from Lode site, Latvia. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https: // dspace. lu. lv / dspace / handle / 7 / 4659 (last access on 3 rd October 2019)." type="url" year="2011">Upeniece 2011</bibRefCitation>
) nor a caudal median notch as in
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF14E56EFE26CFB6D8553AA8" box="[418,588,2003,2029]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF14E56EFE26CFB6D8163AA8" baseAuthorityName="Moloshnikov" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[418,527,2003,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="688" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Asterolepis</taxonomicName>
essica
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B5724B66BF14E56EFDDFCFB6D8E73AA8" author="LYARSKAJA L. A." box="[603,766,2003,2029]" pageId="12" pageNumber="689" refId="ref17797" refString="LYARSKAJA L. A. 1981. - Baltic Devonian Placodermi: Asterolepididae. Zinatne, Riga, Latvia, 152 p. [in Russian with English summary]." type="book" year="1981">Lyarskaja 1981</bibRefCitation>
) and large adult individuals of
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF14E56EFBFAC8BFDEFC3DB6" box="[1150,1253,218,244]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">A. ornata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B5724B66BF14E56EFB72C8BCDF863DB6" author="UPENIECE I." box="[1270,1439,217,243]" pageId="12" pageNumber="689" refId="ref18774" refString="UPENIECE I. 2011. - Palaeoecology and juvenile individuals of the Devonian placoderm and acanthodian fishes from Lode site, Latvia. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https: // dspace. lu. lv / dspace / handle / 7 / 4659 (last access on 3 rd October 2019)." type="url" year="2011">Upeniece 2011</bibRefCitation>
). The visceral surface exhibits two parasagittal depressions (
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF14E56EFCB2C97CD96E3C76" box="[822,887,281,307]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1392,1410]" captionTargetBox="[133,1450,218,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[132,1455,215,1373]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Asterolepis cf. radiata: A, B, NUFV 797, anterior median dorsal plate in dermal (A) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views;C, D, NUFV 825, partial posterior median dorsal plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D, photograph; D’, labeled illustration) views; E, NUFV 863, mixilateral in dermal view. Abbreviations: cd.ADL, area overlapped by the anterior dorsolateral plate; cd.AMD, area overlapped by the anterior median dorsal plate; cd.PMD, area overlapped by the posterior median dorsal plate; cv.ADL, area overlapping the anterior dorsolateral plate; cv.Mxl, area overlapping the mixilateral plate; lc, lateral corner; op.r, oblique posterolateral ridge; ps.d, parasagittal depressions; r.a, rough area; ta, tergal angle; v.p, visceral pit. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695606/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
D’[ps.d]) that align nearly with the widest portion of the area overlapping the mixilateral plate. Just caudal to these, on the midline, is a large circular pit (
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF14E56EFA94C93CDF563C36" box="[1296,1359,345,371]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1392,1410]" captionTargetBox="[133,1450,218,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[132,1455,215,1373]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Asterolepis cf. radiata: A, B, NUFV 797, anterior median dorsal plate in dermal (A) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views;C, D, NUFV 825, partial posterior median dorsal plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D, photograph; D’, labeled illustration) views; E, NUFV 863, mixilateral in dermal view. Abbreviations: cd.ADL, area overlapped by the anterior dorsolateral plate; cd.AMD, area overlapped by the anterior median dorsal plate; cd.PMD, area overlapped by the posterior median dorsal plate; cv.ADL, area overlapping the anterior dorsolateral plate; cv.Mxl, area overlapping the mixilateral plate; lc, lateral corner; op.r, oblique posterolateral ridge; ps.d, parasagittal depressions; r.a, rough area; ta, tergal angle; v.p, visceral pit. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695606/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
D’[v.p]). The ornament is formed of low, rounded tubercles that are organized into linear rows; these radiate from a midline position near the caudal margin of the plate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF14E56EFCA9C99DDE263F57" blockId="12.[813,1456,504,1009]" box="[813,1087,504,530]" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF14E56EFCA9C99DDE263F57" box="[813,1087,504,530]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">
Mixilateral plate (
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF14E56EFC6EC99CDE213F57" box="[1002,1080,504,530]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1392,1410]" captionTargetBox="[133,1450,218,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[132,1455,215,1373]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Asterolepis cf. radiata: A, B, NUFV 797, anterior median dorsal plate in dermal (A) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views;C, D, NUFV 825, partial posterior median dorsal plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D, photograph; D’, labeled illustration) views; E, NUFV 863, mixilateral in dermal view. Abbreviations: cd.ADL, area overlapped by the anterior dorsolateral plate; cd.AMD, area overlapped by the anterior median dorsal plate; cd.PMD, area overlapped by the posterior median dorsal plate; cv.ADL, area overlapping the anterior dorsolateral plate; cv.Mxl, area overlapping the mixilateral plate; lc, lateral corner; op.r, oblique posterolateral ridge; ps.d, parasagittal depressions; r.a, rough area; ta, tergal angle; v.p, visceral pit. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695606/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF14E56EFCA9CA7DDF713EB4" blockId="12.[813,1456,504,1009]" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">
The mixilateral plate in this sample of
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF14E56EFB3BCA7DDF333F77" baseAuthorityName="Moloshnikov" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[1215,1322,536,562]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="688" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF14E56EFB3BCA7DDF333F77" box="[1215,1322,536,562]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Asterolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cf.
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF14E56EFACACA7DDF803F77" box="[1358,1433,536,562]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">radiata</emphasis>
is represented by two nearly complete specimens (NUFV 846, 863;
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF14E56EFCE3CA3DD9A53F37" box="[871,956,600,626]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1392,1410]" captionTargetBox="[133,1450,218,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[132,1455,215,1373]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Asterolepis cf. radiata: A, B, NUFV 797, anterior median dorsal plate in dermal (A) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views;C, D, NUFV 825, partial posterior median dorsal plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D, photograph; D’, labeled illustration) views; E, NUFV 863, mixilateral in dermal view. Abbreviations: cd.ADL, area overlapped by the anterior dorsolateral plate; cd.AMD, area overlapped by the anterior median dorsal plate; cd.PMD, area overlapped by the posterior median dorsal plate; cv.ADL, area overlapping the anterior dorsolateral plate; cv.Mxl, area overlapping the mixilateral plate; lc, lateral corner; op.r, oblique posterolateral ridge; ps.d, parasagittal depressions; r.a, rough area; ta, tergal angle; v.p, visceral pit. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695606/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
). Wide overlap zones on the external surface of these mixilaterals accommodate the anterior dorsolateral, anterior median dorsal, and posterior median dorsal plates (
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF14E56EFCB1CAD2D9663F94" box="[821,895,695,721]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1392,1410]" captionTargetBox="[133,1450,218,1349]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[132,1455,215,1373]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Asterolepis cf. radiata: A, B, NUFV 797, anterior median dorsal plate in dermal (A) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views;C, D, NUFV 825, partial posterior median dorsal plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D, photograph; D’, labeled illustration) views; E, NUFV 863, mixilateral in dermal view. Abbreviations: cd.ADL, area overlapped by the anterior dorsolateral plate; cd.AMD, area overlapped by the anterior median dorsal plate; cd.PMD, area overlapped by the posterior median dorsal plate; cv.ADL, area overlapping the anterior dorsolateral plate; cv.Mxl, area overlapping the mixilateral plate; lc, lateral corner; op.r, oblique posterolateral ridge; ps.d, parasagittal depressions; r.a, rough area; ta, tergal angle; v.p, visceral pit. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695606/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
[cd.ADL, cd.AMD, cd.PMD]). The external ornament of the dorsal lamina comprises rows of conjoined tubercles radiating from a caudolateral position. The lateral lamina is very short (maximum height is 0.25 times maximum width of the dorsal lamina) and carries a unique slotted, interlocking contact with the posterior ventrolateral plate not seen along the other margins of thoracic plates. The ornament of the lateral lamina is conjoined tubercles that appear to radiate from the same point as those of the dorsal lamina. The dorsolateral ridge of the mixilateral plate forms a low, sharp crest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF14E56EFCA9CC73DF7B396B" blockId="12.[813,1456,1046,2029]" box="[813,1378,1046,1072]" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">DESCRIPTION OF OTHER ASTEROLEPIDOID SPECIMENS</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF14E56EFCA9CC5FD9DF3915" blockId="12.[813,1456,1046,2029]" box="[813,966,1078,1104]" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">FROM NV2K17</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF14E56EFCA9CC33DE893B2B" blockId="12.[813,1456,1046,2029]" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">
With one noted exception (NUFV 831, articulated cephalic skeleton;
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF14E56EFC16CC13DE1839D4" box="[914,1025,1142,1169]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1056,1074]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,217,1016]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[132,1455,214,1038]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 7. — A-M, Asterolepidoidei sp. indet. from NV2K17, A, B, NUFV 831, articulated partial cephalic skeleton in dermal (A, photograph; A’, labeled illustration) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views; C, D, NUFV 857, premedian plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D) views; E, F, NUFV 1267, premedian plate in dermal (E) and visceral (F) views; G-I, NUFV 880, nuchal plate in dermal (G), visceral (H), and caudal (I) views; J-L, NUFV 1252, nuchal plate in dermal (J), visceral (K), and caudal (L) views; M, NUFV 808, lateral plate in dermal view; N, cf. Asterolepis sp. indet. from NV2K17, NUFV 852, mixilateral plate in dermal view. Abbreviations: cpl, central pit-line line groove; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital pit-line groove; L, lateral plate; nm, obtected area; Nu, nuchal plate; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695608/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
), the specimens described here were collected as isolated plates at the NV2K17 field locality (Fram Formation, early Frasnian) on Ellesmere Island. We assign NUFV 852 (mixilateral plate;
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF14E56EFBE1CCB3DEAC39B5" box="[1125,1205,1238,1264]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1056,1074]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,217,1016]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[132,1455,214,1038]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 7. — A-M, Asterolepidoidei sp. indet. from NV2K17, A, B, NUFV 831, articulated partial cephalic skeleton in dermal (A, photograph; A’, labeled illustration) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views; C, D, NUFV 857, premedian plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D) views; E, F, NUFV 1267, premedian plate in dermal (E) and visceral (F) views; G-I, NUFV 880, nuchal plate in dermal (G), visceral (H), and caudal (I) views; J-L, NUFV 1252, nuchal plate in dermal (J), visceral (K), and caudal (L) views; M, NUFV 808, lateral plate in dermal view; N, cf. Asterolepis sp. indet. from NV2K17, NUFV 852, mixilateral plate in dermal view. Abbreviations: cpl, central pit-line line groove; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital pit-line groove; L, lateral plate; nm, obtected area; Nu, nuchal plate; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695608/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Fig. 7N</figureCitation>
) to
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF14E56EFB59CCB3DF5D39B5" baseAuthorityName="Moloshnikov" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[1245,1348,1238,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="688" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF14E56EFB59CCB3DF5D39B5" box="[1245,1348,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Asterolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. indet., NUFV 808 (lateral plate;
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF14E56EFBC8CC90DEBF3855" box="[1100,1190,1269,1296]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1056,1074]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,217,1016]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[132,1455,214,1038]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 7. — A-M, Asterolepidoidei sp. indet. from NV2K17, A, B, NUFV 831, articulated partial cephalic skeleton in dermal (A, photograph; A’, labeled illustration) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views; C, D, NUFV 857, premedian plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D) views; E, F, NUFV 1267, premedian plate in dermal (E) and visceral (F) views; G-I, NUFV 880, nuchal plate in dermal (G), visceral (H), and caudal (I) views; J-L, NUFV 1252, nuchal plate in dermal (J), visceral (K), and caudal (L) views; M, NUFV 808, lateral plate in dermal view; N, cf. Asterolepis sp. indet. from NV2K17, NUFV 852, mixilateral plate in dermal view. Abbreviations: cpl, central pit-line line groove; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital pit-line groove; L, lateral plate; nm, obtected area; Nu, nuchal plate; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695608/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Fig. 7M</figureCitation>
) to cf. Asterolepidoidei, and the other described specimens to Asterolepidoidei sp. indet. for the reasons explained below. NV2K17 is a locality with at least two species of
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF14E56EFBDCCD30DEDA382A" baseAuthorityName="Moloshnikov" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[1112,1219,1365,1391]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="688" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF14E56EFBDCCD30DEDA382A" box="[1112,1219,1365,1391]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Asterolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
so much or all of the material described in this section is likely to belong to one or the other of the species presented above. In addition to the described material, there are antiarch plates from NV2K17, including anterior dorsolateral, anterior ventrolateral, posterior ventrolateral, median ventral, and pectoral appendage plates, that do not present the anatomical details necessary to support a meaningful description or a more specific taxonomic assignment than
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF14E56EFC60CE31DE503B2B" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1885" box="[996,1097,1620,1646]" class="Leptocardii" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antiarchi" pageId="12" pageNumber="689" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Antiarchi</taxonomicName>
indet.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF14E56EFCC7CE11DE753AA8" blockId="12.[813,1456,1046,2029]" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">
The discovery of a
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF14E56EFB96CE11DE953BCB" box="[1042,1164,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Bothriolepis</emphasis>
sp. indet. anterior median dorsal plate (NUFV 847) at NV2K17, and bothriolepidid material from stratigraphically analogous localities, urges taxonomic caution when considering indeterminate antiarch material from the site. Although
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF14E56EFBF8CE91DEFA3A4B" baseAuthorityName="Moloshnikov" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[1148,1251,1780,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="688" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF14E56EFBF8CE91DEFA3A4B" box="[1148,1251,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Asterolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is, overwhelmingly, the best represented antiarch group at NV2K17, the presence of
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF14E56EFCFACF56D9E13A08" box="[894,1016,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Bothriolepis</emphasis>
at the locality convinces us to not simply attribute all of this locality’s antiarch material to
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF14E56EFAC0CF36DFB63A28" baseAuthorityName="Moloshnikov" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[1348,1455,1875,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="688" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF14E56EFAC0CF36DFB63A28" box="[1348,1455,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="689">Asterolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or even Asterolepidoidei. In the Discussion section of this paper, we report on antiarch material from throughout the Fram Formation, including NUFV 847 and asterolepidoid material from other localities.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF15E56FFF00C8BFD8913DB6" blockId="13.[132,775,217,977]" box="[132,648,217,244]" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF15E56FFF00C8BFD8913DB6" box="[132,648,217,244]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">
NUFV 831: Partial cephalic skeleton (
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF15E56FFD97C8BFD8993DB6" box="[531,640,217,244]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1056,1074]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,217,1016]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[132,1455,214,1038]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 7. — A-M, Asterolepidoidei sp. indet. from NV2K17, A, B, NUFV 831, articulated partial cephalic skeleton in dermal (A, photograph; A’, labeled illustration) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views; C, D, NUFV 857, premedian plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D) views; E, F, NUFV 1267, premedian plate in dermal (E) and visceral (F) views; G-I, NUFV 880, nuchal plate in dermal (G), visceral (H), and caudal (I) views; J-L, NUFV 1252, nuchal plate in dermal (J), visceral (K), and caudal (L) views; M, NUFV 808, lateral plate in dermal view; N, cf. Asterolepis sp. indet. from NV2K17, NUFV 852, mixilateral plate in dermal view. Abbreviations: cpl, central pit-line line groove; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital pit-line groove; L, lateral plate; nm, obtected area; Nu, nuchal plate; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695608/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF15E56FFF00C89FDBA13E94" blockId="13.[132,775,217,977]" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">
NUFV 831 (
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF15E56FFE95C89CDB663C51" box="[273,383,249,276]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1056,1074]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,217,1016]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[132,1455,214,1038]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 7. — A-M, Asterolepidoidei sp. indet. from NV2K17, A, B, NUFV 831, articulated partial cephalic skeleton in dermal (A, photograph; A’, labeled illustration) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views; C, D, NUFV 857, premedian plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D) views; E, F, NUFV 1267, premedian plate in dermal (E) and visceral (F) views; G-I, NUFV 880, nuchal plate in dermal (G), visceral (H), and caudal (I) views; J-L, NUFV 1252, nuchal plate in dermal (J), visceral (K), and caudal (L) views; M, NUFV 808, lateral plate in dermal view; N, cf. Asterolepis sp. indet. from NV2K17, NUFV 852, mixilateral plate in dermal view. Abbreviations: cpl, central pit-line line groove; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital pit-line groove; L, lateral plate; nm, obtected area; Nu, nuchal plate; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695608/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
) includes nuchal, postpineal, partial left paranuchal, partial left lateral, right paranuchal, and partial right lateral plates. The specimen is attributed to Asterolepidoidei sp. indet. according to the presence of a wide postpineal that sutures with the lateral plates and separates the nuchal plate from the orbital opening (
<bibRefCitation id="B5724B66BF15E56FFDACC9FDD8EE3CF6" author="MOLOSHNIKOV S." box="[552,759,408,435]" pageId="13" pageNumber="690" pagination="691 - 773" refId="ref18033" refString="MOLOSHNIKOV S. 2008. - Devonian antiarchs (Pisces, Antiarchi) from Central and Southern European Russia. Paleontological Journal 42 (7): 691 - 773. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030108070010" type="journal article" year="2008">Moloshnikov 2008</bibRefCitation>
). This partial cephalic skeleton is strongly vaulted in the transverse (visceral surface of nuchal appears as a tight semi-circular arch in caudal view) and sagittal planes. The otic-occipital depression is deeply developed on the visceral surface of nuchal, paranuchal, lateral, and postpineal plates. The narrow unornamented dorsal-facing obstantic margin of the nuchal wraps around and deepens to
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF15E56FFDCBCA1DD8A93FD7" box="[591,688,632,658]" form="the" pageId="13" pageNumber="690" rank="form">form the</taxonomicName>
caudalfacing margin of the paranuchals. The central pit-line groove (
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF15E56FFF09CAD2DAD03F97" box="[141,201,695,722]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1056,1074]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,217,1016]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[132,1455,214,1038]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 7. — A-M, Asterolepidoidei sp. indet. from NV2K17, A, B, NUFV 831, articulated partial cephalic skeleton in dermal (A, photograph; A’, labeled illustration) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views; C, D, NUFV 857, premedian plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D) views; E, F, NUFV 1267, premedian plate in dermal (E) and visceral (F) views; G-I, NUFV 880, nuchal plate in dermal (G), visceral (H), and caudal (I) views; J-L, NUFV 1252, nuchal plate in dermal (J), visceral (K), and caudal (L) views; M, NUFV 808, lateral plate in dermal view; N, cf. Asterolepis sp. indet. from NV2K17, NUFV 852, mixilateral plate in dermal view. Abbreviations: cpl, central pit-line line groove; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital pit-line groove; L, lateral plate; nm, obtected area; Nu, nuchal plate; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695608/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A’[cp1]) is separated into left and right parts; each part weakly arches rostrally and crosses the other at the midline. The grooves meet the nuchal’s margin in a position well caudal to the lateral corners. The ornament is almost entirely anastomosing or linear ridges that radiate from a nearly central position of each plate present. The only isolated tubercles present are caudal to the central pit-line groove on nuchal and paranuchal plates and immediately lateral to the orbital opening on the lateral plate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF15E56FFF00CB93DBAE3954" blockId="13.[132,776,1014,2030]" box="[132,439,1014,1041]" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF15E56FFF00CB93DBAE3954" box="[132,439,1014,1041]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">
Premedian plates (
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF15E56FFEC2CB92DB9A3954" box="[326,387,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1056,1074]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,217,1016]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[132,1455,214,1038]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 7. — A-M, Asterolepidoidei sp. indet. from NV2K17, A, B, NUFV 831, articulated partial cephalic skeleton in dermal (A, photograph; A’, labeled illustration) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views; C, D, NUFV 857, premedian plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D) views; E, F, NUFV 1267, premedian plate in dermal (E) and visceral (F) views; G-I, NUFV 880, nuchal plate in dermal (G), visceral (H), and caudal (I) views; J-L, NUFV 1252, nuchal plate in dermal (J), visceral (K), and caudal (L) views; M, NUFV 808, lateral plate in dermal view; N, cf. Asterolepis sp. indet. from NV2K17, NUFV 852, mixilateral plate in dermal view. Abbreviations: cpl, central pit-line line groove; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital pit-line groove; L, lateral plate; nm, obtected area; Nu, nuchal plate; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695608/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
C-F)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF15E56FFF00CC73D838388A" blockId="13.[132,776,1014,2030]" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">
Five small premedian plates from NV2K17 (NUFV 817, 833, 857:
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF15E56FFF7CCC53DB6A3914" box="[248,371,1078,1105]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1056,1074]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,217,1016]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[132,1455,214,1038]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 7. — A-M, Asterolepidoidei sp. indet. from NV2K17, A, B, NUFV 831, articulated partial cephalic skeleton in dermal (A, photograph; A’, labeled illustration) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views; C, D, NUFV 857, premedian plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D) views; E, F, NUFV 1267, premedian plate in dermal (E) and visceral (F) views; G-I, NUFV 880, nuchal plate in dermal (G), visceral (H), and caudal (I) views; J-L, NUFV 1252, nuchal plate in dermal (J), visceral (K), and caudal (L) views; M, NUFV 808, lateral plate in dermal view; N, cf. Asterolepis sp. indet. from NV2K17, NUFV 852, mixilateral plate in dermal view. Abbreviations: cpl, central pit-line line groove; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital pit-line groove; L, lateral plate; nm, obtected area; Nu, nuchal plate; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695608/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">Fig. 7C, D</figureCitation>
; NUFV 1266, 1267:
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF15E56FFDE3CC53D8CF3914" box="[615,726,1078,1105]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1056,1074]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,217,1016]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[132,1455,214,1038]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 7. — A-M, Asterolepidoidei sp. indet. from NV2K17, A, B, NUFV 831, articulated partial cephalic skeleton in dermal (A, photograph; A’, labeled illustration) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views; C, D, NUFV 857, premedian plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D) views; E, F, NUFV 1267, premedian plate in dermal (E) and visceral (F) views; G-I, NUFV 880, nuchal plate in dermal (G), visceral (H), and caudal (I) views; J-L, NUFV 1252, nuchal plate in dermal (J), visceral (K), and caudal (L) views; M, NUFV 808, lateral plate in dermal view; N, cf. Asterolepis sp. indet. from NV2K17, NUFV 852, mixilateral plate in dermal view. Abbreviations: cpl, central pit-line line groove; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital pit-line groove; L, lateral plate; nm, obtected area; Nu, nuchal plate; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695608/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">Fig. 7E, F</figureCitation>
) are impossible to refer to either of the two species described above but all may be referred to Asterolepidoidei sp. indet. according to the presence of a medial notch in the rostral margin (
<bibRefCitation id="B5724B66BF15E56FFF0ACCD3DB7C3995" author="MOLOSHNIKOV S." box="[142,357,1206,1232]" pageId="13" pageNumber="690" pagination="691 - 773" refId="ref18033" refString="MOLOSHNIKOV S. 2008. - Devonian antiarchs (Pisces, Antiarchi) from Central and Southern European Russia. Paleontological Journal 42 (7): 691 - 773. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030108070010" type="journal article" year="2008">Moloshnikov 2008</bibRefCitation>
). Among these five is morphological variation that does not scale against size (plate width). This may result from multiple species represented in the sample or from the high level of variability in the antiarch premedian (
<bibRefCitation id="B5724B66BF15E56FFF0ACD53DB0A380A" author="YOUNG G. C." box="[142,275,1333,1360]" pageId="13" pageNumber="690" pagination="635 - 660" refId="ref19128" refString="YOUNG G. C. 1984. - Reconstruction of the jaws and braincase in the Devonian placoderm fish Bothriolepis. Palaeontology 27: 635 - 660. https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 49742174" type="journal article" year="1984">Young 1984</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B5724B66BF15E56FFEA4CD53DBEC380A" author="DOWNS J. P. &amp; CRISWELL K. E. &amp; DAESCHLER E. B." box="[288,501,1333,1360]" pageId="13" pageNumber="690" pagination="191 - 203" refId="ref16422" refString="DOWNS J. P., CRISWELL K. E. &amp; DAESCHLER E. B. 2011 b. - Mass mortality of juvenile antiarchs (Bothriolepis sp.) from the Catskill Formation (Upper Devonian, Famennian Stage), Tioga County, Pennsylvania. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 161: 191 - 203. https: // doi. org / 10.1635 / 053.161.0111" type="journal article" year="2011">
Downs
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF15E56FFEF1CD53DBB0380A" box="[373,425,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">et al.</emphasis>
2011b
</bibRefCitation>
). Of the four more completely preserved specimens, the smaller two (NUFV
<date id="A55D1057BF15E56FFD4ACD30DAF038D5" pageId="13" pageNumber="690" value="1266" valueMax="1267">1266 and 1267</date>
) are relatively short and wide (width/length index =
<quantity id="161B9B72BF15E56FFF00CDF0DAD538EA" box="[132,204,1429,1456]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9116" pageId="13" pageNumber="690" unit="in" value="154.0">154 in</quantity>
NUFV 1267) relative to the larger two (NUFV 833 [same index = 111] and 857 [= 116]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF15E56FFF1FCDB0D8E43B8B" blockId="13.[132,776,1014,2030]" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">
Two
<typeStatus id="0E588835BF15E56FFF54CDB0DB1138AA" box="[208,264,1493,1519]" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">types</typeStatus>
of external ornament are present in the sample, one predominantly ridged with ridges radiating from the center of the plate and tubercles, when present, clustered centrally along the rostral and caudal margins (NUFV 817, 857;
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF15E56FFF3FCE31DB293B2A" box="[187,304,1620,1647]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1056,1074]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,217,1016]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[132,1455,214,1038]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 7. — A-M, Asterolepidoidei sp. indet. from NV2K17, A, B, NUFV 831, articulated partial cephalic skeleton in dermal (A, photograph; A’, labeled illustration) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views; C, D, NUFV 857, premedian plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D) views; E, F, NUFV 1267, premedian plate in dermal (E) and visceral (F) views; G-I, NUFV 880, nuchal plate in dermal (G), visceral (H), and caudal (I) views; J-L, NUFV 1252, nuchal plate in dermal (J), visceral (K), and caudal (L) views; M, NUFV 808, lateral plate in dermal view; N, cf. Asterolepis sp. indet. from NV2K17, NUFV 852, mixilateral plate in dermal view. Abbreviations: cpl, central pit-line line groove; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital pit-line groove; L, lateral plate; nm, obtected area; Nu, nuchal plate; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695608/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">Fig. 7C, D</figureCitation>
; 1266), and the other predominantly tuberculate with short radiating ridges along the lateral margins (NUFV 833, 1267;
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF15E56FFEDDCEF1DBDD3BEA" box="[345,452,1684,1711]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1056,1074]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,217,1016]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[132,1455,214,1038]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 7. — A-M, Asterolepidoidei sp. indet. from NV2K17, A, B, NUFV 831, articulated partial cephalic skeleton in dermal (A, photograph; A’, labeled illustration) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views; C, D, NUFV 857, premedian plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D) views; E, F, NUFV 1267, premedian plate in dermal (E) and visceral (F) views; G-I, NUFV 880, nuchal plate in dermal (G), visceral (H), and caudal (I) views; J-L, NUFV 1252, nuchal plate in dermal (J), visceral (K), and caudal (L) views; M, NUFV 808, lateral plate in dermal view; N, cf. Asterolepis sp. indet. from NV2K17, NUFV 852, mixilateral plate in dermal view. Abbreviations: cpl, central pit-line line groove; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital pit-line groove; L, lateral plate; nm, obtected area; Nu, nuchal plate; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695608/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">Fig. 7E, F</figureCitation>
). One of these ornament
<typeStatus id="0E588835BF15E56FFD54CEF0D91E3BEA" box="[720,775,1685,1711]" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">types</typeStatus>
is no more likely than the other at a given premedian size.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF15E56FFF1FCEB1DB973AA8" blockId="13.[132,776,1014,2030]" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">
In these unreferred specimens, the principal section of the infraorbital pit-line groove follows the two different paths described above for
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF15E56FFED9CF71D8593A6B" authority="Downs &amp; Daeschler &amp; Lo &amp; Carey &amp; Shubin, 2019" authorityName="Downs &amp; Daeschler &amp; Lo &amp; Carey &amp; Shubin" authorityYear="2019" box="[349,576,1812,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="690" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticristata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF15E56FFED9CF71D8593A6B" box="[349,576,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">Asterolepis alticristata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F8A457FEBF15E56FFDC2CF71D8983A6B" box="[582,641,1812,1838]" pageId="13" pageNumber="690" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
One path is close to the rostral margin and follows the contour of that margin but for a median caudal dip. The other exhibits the median dip but is straighter across its length and is located in the middle of the premedian plate. As with the ornament
<typeStatus id="0E588835BF15E56FFF00CFD1DAA63A8B" box="[132,191,1972,1998]" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">types</typeStatus>
, a premedian of a given size is no more likely to show one path than the other.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF15E56FFCA9C8BCDE233DB6" blockId="13.[813,1456,217,1743]" box="[813,1082,217,244]" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF15E56FFCA9C8BCDE233DB6" box="[813,1082,217,244]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">
Nuchal plates (
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF15E56FFC4CC8BFDE1C3DB1" box="[968,1029,218,244]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1056,1074]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,217,1016]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[132,1455,214,1038]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 7. — A-M, Asterolepidoidei sp. indet. from NV2K17, A, B, NUFV 831, articulated partial cephalic skeleton in dermal (A, photograph; A’, labeled illustration) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views; C, D, NUFV 857, premedian plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D) views; E, F, NUFV 1267, premedian plate in dermal (E) and visceral (F) views; G-I, NUFV 880, nuchal plate in dermal (G), visceral (H), and caudal (I) views; J-L, NUFV 1252, nuchal plate in dermal (J), visceral (K), and caudal (L) views; M, NUFV 808, lateral plate in dermal view; N, cf. Asterolepis sp. indet. from NV2K17, NUFV 852, mixilateral plate in dermal view. Abbreviations: cpl, central pit-line line groove; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital pit-line groove; L, lateral plate; nm, obtected area; Nu, nuchal plate; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695608/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
G-L)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF15E56FFCA9C89FDF853ED4" blockId="13.[813,1456,217,1743]" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">
We refer 24 nuchals from NV2K17 (NUFV 819, 829, 880 [
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF15E56FFCB1C97CD9683C71" box="[821,881,281,308]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1056,1074]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,217,1016]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[132,1455,214,1038]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 7. — A-M, Asterolepidoidei sp. indet. from NV2K17, A, B, NUFV 831, articulated partial cephalic skeleton in dermal (A, photograph; A’, labeled illustration) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views; C, D, NUFV 857, premedian plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D) views; E, F, NUFV 1267, premedian plate in dermal (E) and visceral (F) views; G-I, NUFV 880, nuchal plate in dermal (G), visceral (H), and caudal (I) views; J-L, NUFV 1252, nuchal plate in dermal (J), visceral (K), and caudal (L) views; M, NUFV 808, lateral plate in dermal view; N, cf. Asterolepis sp. indet. from NV2K17, NUFV 852, mixilateral plate in dermal view. Abbreviations: cpl, central pit-line line groove; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital pit-line groove; L, lateral plate; nm, obtected area; Nu, nuchal plate; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695608/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
G-I]; 1120, 1121,
<date id="A55D1057BF15E56FFBB0C97CDEB73C71" box="[1076,1198,281,308]" pageId="13" pageNumber="690" value="1247" valueMax="1251">1247-1251</date>
, 1252 [
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF15E56FFB79C97CDF213C71" box="[1277,1336,281,308]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1056,1074]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,217,1016]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[132,1455,214,1038]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 7. — A-M, Asterolepidoidei sp. indet. from NV2K17, A, B, NUFV 831, articulated partial cephalic skeleton in dermal (A, photograph; A’, labeled illustration) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views; C, D, NUFV 857, premedian plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D) views; E, F, NUFV 1267, premedian plate in dermal (E) and visceral (F) views; G-I, NUFV 880, nuchal plate in dermal (G), visceral (H), and caudal (I) views; J-L, NUFV 1252, nuchal plate in dermal (J), visceral (K), and caudal (L) views; M, NUFV 808, lateral plate in dermal view; N, cf. Asterolepis sp. indet. from NV2K17, NUFV 852, mixilateral plate in dermal view. Abbreviations: cpl, central pit-line line groove; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital pit-line groove; L, lateral plate; nm, obtected area; Nu, nuchal plate; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695608/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
J-L];
<date id="A55D1057BF15E56FFAEBC97CD9713C16" pageId="13" pageNumber="690" value="1253" valueMax="1264">1253- 1264</date>
, 1269) to Asterolepidoidei sp. indet. according to the lack of an orbital margin. These nuchals (with widths between
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in NUFV 1260 and
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in NUFV 1258) belong to a different size category than that of
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF15E56FFAC5C9FDD9823C97" authority="Downs &amp; Daeschler &amp; Lo &amp; Carey &amp; Shubin, 2019" authorityName="Downs &amp; Daeschler &amp; Lo &amp; Carey &amp; Shubin" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="690" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticristata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF15E56FFAC5C9FDD9823C97" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">Asterolepis alticristata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F8A457FEBF15E56FFC26C9DCD9C43C96" box="[930,989,441,467]" pageId="13" pageNumber="690" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(nuchal width of
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the one referred specimen, NUFV 1265). There is no consistent relationship between width/length index of the nuchal (whether length is measured as midline length or maximum sagittal length) and nuchal size (width) thus suggesting against the entire sample representing a single growth series. However, the top eight values of the index using maximum sagittal length (from
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NUFV 819 to
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NUFV 1248) are among the top ten widest nuchals in the sample. In other words, the widest nuchals also tend to be relatively short. The variation in this index for these twenty-four nuchals includes the value calculated for
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF15E56FFC08CB7DDE013E74" authority="Downs &amp; Daeschler &amp; Lo &amp; Carey &amp; Shubin, 2019" authorityName="Downs &amp; Daeschler &amp; Lo &amp; Carey &amp; Shubin" authorityYear="2019" box="[908,1048,791,818]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="690" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticristata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF15E56FFC08CB7DDE013E74" box="[908,1048,791,818]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">A. alticristata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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(
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NUFV 1265). Vaulting of the nuchal in the transverse plane is differently developed across the sample; some are tightly arching, others are flatter. This too is inconsistent relative to size of the nuchal plate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF15E56FFCC7CBF2DFA9384A" blockId="13.[813,1456,217,1743]" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">
In this sample of nuchals, the middle pit-line groove exhibits variation in its path. In all cases, it extends across the width of the nuchal and arches rostrally on left and right sides. In some specimens, the groove is separated into left and right components that cross one another at the midline (e.g., NUFV 880;
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF15E56FFAC1CC73DF653974" box="[1349,1404,1046,1073]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1056,1074]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,217,1016]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[132,1455,214,1038]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 7. — A-M, Asterolepidoidei sp. indet. from NV2K17, A, B, NUFV 831, articulated partial cephalic skeleton in dermal (A, photograph; A’, labeled illustration) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views; C, D, NUFV 857, premedian plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D) views; E, F, NUFV 1267, premedian plate in dermal (E) and visceral (F) views; G-I, NUFV 880, nuchal plate in dermal (G), visceral (H), and caudal (I) views; J-L, NUFV 1252, nuchal plate in dermal (J), visceral (K), and caudal (L) views; M, NUFV 808, lateral plate in dermal view; N, cf. Asterolepis sp. indet. from NV2K17, NUFV 852, mixilateral plate in dermal view. Abbreviations: cpl, central pit-line line groove; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital pit-line groove; L, lateral plate; nm, obtected area; Nu, nuchal plate; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695608/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
G-I). In others, there is one unbroken middle pit-line groove that dips caudally at the midline (e.g., NUFV 1252;
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF15E56FFB69CC33DF3E3934" box="[1261,1319,1110,1137]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1056,1074]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,217,1016]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[132,1455,214,1038]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 7. — A-M, Asterolepidoidei sp. indet. from NV2K17, A, B, NUFV 831, articulated partial cephalic skeleton in dermal (A, photograph; A’, labeled illustration) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views; C, D, NUFV 857, premedian plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D) views; E, F, NUFV 1267, premedian plate in dermal (E) and visceral (F) views; G-I, NUFV 880, nuchal plate in dermal (G), visceral (H), and caudal (I) views; J-L, NUFV 1252, nuchal plate in dermal (J), visceral (K), and caudal (L) views; M, NUFV 808, lateral plate in dermal view; N, cf. Asterolepis sp. indet. from NV2K17, NUFV 852, mixilateral plate in dermal view. Abbreviations: cpl, central pit-line line groove; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital pit-line groove; L, lateral plate; nm, obtected area; Nu, nuchal plate; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695608/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
J-L). There is also variation in where the groove meets the lateral margin of the plate, from a rostral position close to the nuchal’s lateral corners (e.g., NUFV 880;
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF15E56FFC6FCCD3DE3C3995" box="[1003,1061,1206,1232]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1056,1074]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,217,1016]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[132,1455,214,1038]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 7. — A-M, Asterolepidoidei sp. indet. from NV2K17, A, B, NUFV 831, articulated partial cephalic skeleton in dermal (A, photograph; A’, labeled illustration) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views; C, D, NUFV 857, premedian plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D) views; E, F, NUFV 1267, premedian plate in dermal (E) and visceral (F) views; G-I, NUFV 880, nuchal plate in dermal (G), visceral (H), and caudal (I) views; J-L, NUFV 1252, nuchal plate in dermal (J), visceral (K), and caudal (L) views; M, NUFV 808, lateral plate in dermal view; N, cf. Asterolepis sp. indet. from NV2K17, NUFV 852, mixilateral plate in dermal view. Abbreviations: cpl, central pit-line line groove; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital pit-line groove; L, lateral plate; nm, obtected area; Nu, nuchal plate; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695608/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
G-I) to a caudal position just rostral to the caudolateral corners (e.g., NUFV 1252;
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF15E56FFB7BCCB3DF2239B5" box="[1279,1339,1238,1264]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1056,1074]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,217,1016]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[132,1455,214,1038]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 7. — A-M, Asterolepidoidei sp. indet. from NV2K17, A, B, NUFV 831, articulated partial cephalic skeleton in dermal (A, photograph; A’, labeled illustration) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views; C, D, NUFV 857, premedian plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D) views; E, F, NUFV 1267, premedian plate in dermal (E) and visceral (F) views; G-I, NUFV 880, nuchal plate in dermal (G), visceral (H), and caudal (I) views; J-L, NUFV 1252, nuchal plate in dermal (J), visceral (K), and caudal (L) views; M, NUFV 808, lateral plate in dermal view; N, cf. Asterolepis sp. indet. from NV2K17, NUFV 852, mixilateral plate in dermal view. Abbreviations: cpl, central pit-line line groove; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital pit-line groove; L, lateral plate; nm, obtected area; Nu, nuchal plate; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695608/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
J-L). These sources of variation do not trend with width of the nuchal plate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF15E56FFCC7CD73DF743B8B" blockId="13.[813,1456,217,1743]" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">
Ornament is variable in this sample of nuchals. Whenever ornament is observable, there are linear ridges close to the rostral and lateral margins of the plate; these ridges present a loosely radial pattern that originates from a caudocentral position. In larger nuchals, centrally, the ornament is tuberculate and these tubercles are either arranged into rows that extend from a caudocentral position to the aforementioned ridges (e.g., NUFV 1252;
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF15E56FFB84CD90DE243B4A" box="[1024,1085,1525,1551]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1056,1074]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,217,1016]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[132,1455,214,1038]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 7. — A-M, Asterolepidoidei sp. indet. from NV2K17, A, B, NUFV 831, articulated partial cephalic skeleton in dermal (A, photograph; A’, labeled illustration) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views; C, D, NUFV 857, premedian plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D) views; E, F, NUFV 1267, premedian plate in dermal (E) and visceral (F) views; G-I, NUFV 880, nuchal plate in dermal (G), visceral (H), and caudal (I) views; J-L, NUFV 1252, nuchal plate in dermal (J), visceral (K), and caudal (L) views; M, NUFV 808, lateral plate in dermal view; N, cf. Asterolepis sp. indet. from NV2K17, NUFV 852, mixilateral plate in dermal view. Abbreviations: cpl, central pit-line line groove; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital pit-line groove; L, lateral plate; nm, obtected area; Nu, nuchal plate; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695608/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
J-L) or the tubercles do not exhibit any discernible organization (e.g., NUFV 1249). In smaller nuchals, more of the ornamented surface is ridged, often having the appearance of fused tubercles, and these ridges radiate from a caudocentral position to the rostral and lateral margins (e.g., NUFV 880;
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF15E56FFC70CEF1DE283BEA" box="[1012,1073,1684,1711]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1056,1074]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,217,1016]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[132,1455,214,1038]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 7. — A-M, Asterolepidoidei sp. indet. from NV2K17, A, B, NUFV 831, articulated partial cephalic skeleton in dermal (A, photograph; A’, labeled illustration) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views; C, D, NUFV 857, premedian plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D) views; E, F, NUFV 1267, premedian plate in dermal (E) and visceral (F) views; G-I, NUFV 880, nuchal plate in dermal (G), visceral (H), and caudal (I) views; J-L, NUFV 1252, nuchal plate in dermal (J), visceral (K), and caudal (L) views; M, NUFV 808, lateral plate in dermal view; N, cf. Asterolepis sp. indet. from NV2K17, NUFV 852, mixilateral plate in dermal view. Abbreviations: cpl, central pit-line line groove; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital pit-line groove; L, lateral plate; nm, obtected area; Nu, nuchal plate; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695608/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
G-I). When tubercles are present in the smaller nuchals, they are in line with these ridges.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF15E56FFCA9CE90DEBF3A4B" blockId="13.[813,1456,1780,2030]" box="[813,1190,1780,1806]" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF15E56FFCA9CE90DEBF3A4B" box="[813,1190,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">
NUFV 808: Lateral plate (
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF15E56FFBC3CE90DE873A4B" box="[1095,1182,1780,1806]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1056,1074]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,217,1016]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[132,1455,214,1038]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 7. — A-M, Asterolepidoidei sp. indet. from NV2K17, A, B, NUFV 831, articulated partial cephalic skeleton in dermal (A, photograph; A’, labeled illustration) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views; C, D, NUFV 857, premedian plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D) views; E, F, NUFV 1267, premedian plate in dermal (E) and visceral (F) views; G-I, NUFV 880, nuchal plate in dermal (G), visceral (H), and caudal (I) views; J-L, NUFV 1252, nuchal plate in dermal (J), visceral (K), and caudal (L) views; M, NUFV 808, lateral plate in dermal view; N, cf. Asterolepis sp. indet. from NV2K17, NUFV 852, mixilateral plate in dermal view. Abbreviations: cpl, central pit-line line groove; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital pit-line groove; L, lateral plate; nm, obtected area; Nu, nuchal plate; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695608/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">Fig. 7M</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF15E56CFCA9CF71D8C73AA8" blockId="13.[813,1456,1780,2030]" lastBlockId="14.[132,776,1556,2030]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="691" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">
A single, incomplete lateral plate (NUFV 808;
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF15E56FFA9CCF71DF773A6B" box="[1304,1390,1812,1838]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1056,1074]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,217,1016]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[132,1455,214,1038]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 7. — A-M, Asterolepidoidei sp. indet. from NV2K17, A, B, NUFV 831, articulated partial cephalic skeleton in dermal (A, photograph; A’, labeled illustration) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views; C, D, NUFV 857, premedian plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D) views; E, F, NUFV 1267, premedian plate in dermal (E) and visceral (F) views; G-I, NUFV 880, nuchal plate in dermal (G), visceral (H), and caudal (I) views; J-L, NUFV 1252, nuchal plate in dermal (J), visceral (K), and caudal (L) views; M, NUFV 808, lateral plate in dermal view; N, cf. Asterolepis sp. indet. from NV2K17, NUFV 852, mixilateral plate in dermal view. Abbreviations: cpl, central pit-line line groove; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital pit-line groove; L, lateral plate; nm, obtected area; Nu, nuchal plate; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695608/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="690">Fig. 7M</figureCitation>
) lacks the caudal end but preserves the thick orbital margin and contact surface for the premedian plate. The depth of the medial margin and the dermal ornament of the plate are consistent with the lateral plate of NUFV 831, the partial cephalic skeleton (described above) that is diagnosable as asterolepidoid. We refer NUFV 808 to cf. Asterolepidoidei sp. indet. due to a lack of diagnostic features on this incomplete, isolated plate. The preserved length of NUFV 808 is
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; the plate is thickest (
<quantity id="161B9B72BF16E56CFF61CE31DB413B2A" box="[229,344,1620,1647]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.481" pageId="14" pageNumber="691" unit="mm" value="14.81">14.81 mm</quantity>
) at the rostral end of the orbital margin. The rostral margin of the plate is unornamented and depressed below the ornamented surface. The path of the infraorbital pitline (
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF16E56CFF33CED1DB133B8B" box="[183,266,1715,1743]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1056,1074]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,217,1016]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[132,1455,214,1038]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 7. — A-M, Asterolepidoidei sp. indet. from NV2K17, A, B, NUFV 831, articulated partial cephalic skeleton in dermal (A, photograph; A’, labeled illustration) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views; C, D, NUFV 857, premedian plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D) views; E, F, NUFV 1267, premedian plate in dermal (E) and visceral (F) views; G-I, NUFV 880, nuchal plate in dermal (G), visceral (H), and caudal (I) views; J-L, NUFV 1252, nuchal plate in dermal (J), visceral (K), and caudal (L) views; M, NUFV 808, lateral plate in dermal view; N, cf. Asterolepis sp. indet. from NV2K17, NUFV 852, mixilateral plate in dermal view. Abbreviations: cpl, central pit-line line groove; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital pit-line groove; L, lateral plate; nm, obtected area; Nu, nuchal plate; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695608/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">Fig. 7M</figureCitation>
[ifc1]) interrupts the ornament of the plate’s rostral end. The visceral surface of NUFV 808 is smooth and does not preserve the lateral’s contribution to the otic-occipital depression. The external ornament is different than that on the lateral plate included in NUFV 831. In NUFV 808, the ornament is entirely tuberculate. Fine tubercles are tightly clustered lateral to the orbital opening and larger tubercles, some conjoined, are organized into linear or curving rows between orbital margin and pit-line. Rostral to the pit-line, similarly large tubercles, some conjoined, do not exhibit any specific organization.
</paragraph>
<caption id="859C661FBF16E56CFF00CD15DEDB3898" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695606" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3695606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695606/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="691" startId="14.[132,143,1392,1410]" targetBox="[133,1450,218,1349]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF16E56CFF00CD15DEDB3898" blockId="14.[132,1457,1392,1501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">
FIG. 6. —
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF16E56CFF56CD15DB3738C7" baseAuthorityName="Moloshnikov" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[210,302,1392,1410]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="688" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF16E56CFF56CD15DB3738C7" box="[210,302,1392,1410]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">Asterolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cf.
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF16E56CFEC8CD15DB9D38C7" box="[332,388,1392,1410]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">radiata</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF16E56CFE0ACD15DB8238C7" bold="true" box="[398,411,1392,1410]" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF16E56CFE20CD15DBA838C7" bold="true" box="[420,433,1392,1410]" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">B</emphasis>
, NUFV 797, anterior median dorsal plate in dermal (
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF16E56CFCDDCD15D97F38C7" bold="true" box="[857,870,1392,1410]" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">A</emphasis>
) and visceral (
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF16E56CFC5FCD15D9F138C7" bold="true" box="[987,1000,1392,1410]" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">B</emphasis>
, photograph;
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF16E56CFBD8CD15DE7738C7" bold="true" box="[1116,1134,1392,1410]" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">B’</emphasis>
, labeled illustration) views;
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF16E56CFACBCD15DF4438C7" bold="true" box="[1359,1373,1392,1410]" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">C</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF16E56CFAE3CD15DF6C38C7" bold="true" box="[1383,1397,1392,1410]" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">D</emphasis>
, NUFV 825, partial posterior median dorsal plate in dermal (
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF16E56CFDBDCDE2D85E38DC" bold="true" box="[569,583,1415,1433]" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">C</emphasis>
) and visceral (
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF16E56CFD44CDE2D8D738DC" bold="true" box="[704,718,1415,1433]" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">D</emphasis>
, photograph;
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF16E56CFCC0CDE2D94E38DC" bold="true" box="[836,855,1415,1433]" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">D’</emphasis>
, labeled illustration) views;
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF16E56CFBB9CDE2DE5038DC" bold="true" box="[1085,1097,1415,1433]" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">E</emphasis>
, NUFV 863, mixilateral in dermal view. Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF16E56CFF6DCDFBDB3338F5" bold="true" box="[233,298,1438,1456]" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">cd.ADL</emphasis>
, area overlapped by the anterior dorsolateral plate;
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF16E56CFD50CDFBD90238F5" bold="true" box="[724,795,1438,1456]" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">cd.AMD</emphasis>
, area overlapped by the anterior median dorsal plate;
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF16E56CFB5DCDFBDF0638F5" bold="true" box="[1241,1311,1438,1456]" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">cd.PMD</emphasis>
, area overlapped by the posterior median dorsal plate;
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF16E56CFE44CDD1DBE63883" bold="true" box="[448,511,1460,1478]" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">cv.ADL</emphasis>
, area overlapping the anterior dorsolateral plate;
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF16E56CFC19CDD1D9CC3883" bold="true" box="[925,981,1460,1478]" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">cv.Mxl</emphasis>
, area overlapping the mixilateral plate;
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF16E56CFAA5CDD1DF283883" bold="true" box="[1313,1329,1460,1478]" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">lc</emphasis>
, lateral corner;
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF16E56CFF00CDAEDAB13898" bold="true" box="[132,168,1483,1501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">op.r</emphasis>
, oblique posterolateral ridge;
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF16E56CFE24CDAEDBDF3898" bold="true" box="[416,454,1483,1501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">ps.d</emphasis>
, parasagittal depressions;
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF16E56CFD23CDAED8A23898" bold="true" box="[679,699,1483,1501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">r.a</emphasis>
, rough area;
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF16E56CFCAFCDAED9253898" bold="true" box="[811,828,1483,1501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">ta</emphasis>
, tergal angle;
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF16E56CFC36CDAED9D03898" bold="true" box="[946,969,1483,1501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">v.p</emphasis>
, visceral pit. Scale bar: 2 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF16E56CFCA9CE70DED43B6A" blockId="14.[813,1456,1556,2029]" box="[813,1229,1556,1583]" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF16E56CFCA9CE70DED43B6A" box="[813,1229,1556,1583]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">
NUFV 852: Mixilateral plate (
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF16E56CFBF6CE70DEDC3B6A" box="[1138,1221,1557,1583]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1056,1074]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,217,1016]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[132,1455,214,1038]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 7. — A-M, Asterolepidoidei sp. indet. from NV2K17, A, B, NUFV 831, articulated partial cephalic skeleton in dermal (A, photograph; A’, labeled illustration) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views; C, D, NUFV 857, premedian plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D) views; E, F, NUFV 1267, premedian plate in dermal (E) and visceral (F) views; G-I, NUFV 880, nuchal plate in dermal (G), visceral (H), and caudal (I) views; J-L, NUFV 1252, nuchal plate in dermal (J), visceral (K), and caudal (L) views; M, NUFV 808, lateral plate in dermal view; N, cf. Asterolepis sp. indet. from NV2K17, NUFV 852, mixilateral plate in dermal view. Abbreviations: cpl, central pit-line line groove; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital pit-line groove; L, lateral plate; nm, obtected area; Nu, nuchal plate; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695608/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">Fig. 7N</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D15C3697BF16E56CFCA9CE50D9DC3AA8" blockId="14.[813,1456,1556,2029]" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">
NUFV 852 (
<figureCitation id="49D82A12BF16E56CFC3CCE51DE153B0A" box="[952,1036,1588,1615]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1056,1074]" captionTargetBox="[132,1451,217,1016]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[132,1455,214,1038]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 7. — A-M, Asterolepidoidei sp. indet. from NV2K17, A, B, NUFV 831, articulated partial cephalic skeleton in dermal (A, photograph; A’, labeled illustration) and visceral (B, photograph; B’, labeled illustration) views; C, D, NUFV 857, premedian plate in dermal (C) and visceral (D) views; E, F, NUFV 1267, premedian plate in dermal (E) and visceral (F) views; G-I, NUFV 880, nuchal plate in dermal (G), visceral (H), and caudal (I) views; J-L, NUFV 1252, nuchal plate in dermal (J), visceral (K), and caudal (L) views; M, NUFV 808, lateral plate in dermal view; N, cf. Asterolepis sp. indet. from NV2K17, NUFV 852, mixilateral plate in dermal view. Abbreviations: cpl, central pit-line line groove; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital pit-line groove; L, lateral plate; nm, obtected area; Nu, nuchal plate; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate. Scale bar: 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3695608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3695608/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">Fig. 7N</figureCitation>
) is a mixilateral plate in a much smaller size category than that of
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF16E56CFBD2CE31DF5B3B2B" authority="Downs &amp; Daeschler &amp; Lo &amp; Carey &amp; Shubin, 2019" authorityName="Downs &amp; Daeschler &amp; Lo &amp; Carey &amp; Shubin" authorityYear="2019" box="[1110,1346,1620,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="691" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticristata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF16E56CFBD2CE31DF5B3B2B" box="[1110,1346,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">Asterolepis alticristata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F8A457FEBF16E56CFAC8CE30DF923B2A" box="[1356,1419,1621,1647]" pageId="14" pageNumber="691" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Its assignment to cf.
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF16E56CFC63CE11DE4B3BCB" baseAuthorityName="Moloshnikov" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[999,1106,1652,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="688" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF16E56CFC63CE11DE4B3BCB" box="[999,1106,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">Asterolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. indet. is supported by a wide area of overlap by the anterior median dorsal plate (
<bibRefCitation id="B5724B66BF16E56CFAD0CEF1D9B13B8B" author="MOLOSHNIKOV S." pageId="14" pageNumber="691" pagination="691 - 773" refId="ref18033" refString="MOLOSHNIKOV S. 2008. - Devonian antiarchs (Pisces, Antiarchi) from Central and Southern European Russia. Paleontological Journal 42 (7): 691 - 773. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030108070010" type="journal article" year="2008">Moloshnikov 2008</bibRefCitation>
). The anterior median dorsal plate of
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF16E56CFAC5CED1DFB63B8B" box="[1345,1455,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">Grossolepis</emphasis>
also overlaps the mixilateral plate; we assign NUFV 852 to cf.
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF16E56CFCCACE91D9A03A4B" baseAuthorityName="Moloshnikov" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[846,953,1780,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="688" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF16E56CFCCACE91D9A03A4B" box="[846,953,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">Asterolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. indet. according to the pronounced width of the overlap zone. The dorsal lamina ornament is densely tuberculate with no apparent organization to the tubercles; this is a close match to the mixilateral ornament in
<taxonomicName id="16E34D14BF16E56CFADFCF31D9773AC8" authority="Downs &amp; Daeschler &amp; Lo &amp; Carey &amp; Shubin, 2019" authorityName="Downs &amp; Daeschler &amp; Lo &amp; Carey &amp; Shubin" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Asterolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="691" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticristata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E397EA85BF16E56CFADFCF31D9773AC8" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="691">A. alticristata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F8A457FEBF16E56CFCF1CF11D9A93ACB" box="[885,944,1908,1934]" pageId="14" pageNumber="691" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
The lateral lamina is only partially preserved so height is impossible to measure. Ornament of the preserved portion of the lateral lamina appears similar to that of the dorsal lamina.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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