147 lines
18 KiB
XML
147 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="0CA880065E80694DD56BB2DD6238AD0C" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.615.9530" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0cfdbfdc-9286-4525-a696-b808b98dc9ca" ID-PMC="PMC5027775" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-615-1" ID-PubMed="27667938" ID-ZooBank="3C47DE97A10E4688A92A29F7F6155B72" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-615-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 615" ModsDocTitle="Sphaerodoridae (Annelida) of the deep Northwestern Atlantic, including remarkable new species of Euritmia and Sphaerephesia" checkinTime="1473279503808" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Capa, Maria, Osborn, Karen J. & Bakken, Torkild" docDate="2016" docId="537900B608D3AEF28DC345138F0EE4C5" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 615: 1-32" docOrigin="ZooKeys 615" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.615.9530" docTitle="Ephesiopsis Hartman & Fauchald 1971" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="FFA52D6FFFCDDC61F74C476EFFF5FFD2" masterDocTitle="Sphaerodoridae (Annelida) of the deep Northwestern Atlantic, including remarkable new species of Euritmia and Sphaerephesia" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1701317310253" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="6CCDECB358E2D5F0D8022AA06180629E">Sphaerodoridae (Annelida) of the deep Northwestern Atlantic, including remarkable new species of Euritmia and Sphaerephesia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6B5A5B9F8BF483CD8D8B1497B89FBF18">Capa, Maria</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="79845D52D6634FF3742176C0957E1712">Osborn, Karen J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7FEBA850CF1426D24D5925A9E8ADEEE0">Bakken, Torkild</mods:namePart>
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<mods:number id="EDAB8C40E59276D46D943E208311EFED">615</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="C7C3F4F5920D993E671776BFBB929C20" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.615.9530</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="537900B608D3AEF28DC345138F0EE4C5" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127864325" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:537900B608D3AEF28DC345138F0EE4C5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/537900B608D3AEF28DC345138F0EE4C5" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<paragraph id="91993C84140C3450BAC1EC22E4B917B1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Taxon classification Animalia Phyllodocida Sphaerodoridae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="511AD19FA99BEA9C41FBB334B0BBBF8C" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="64D84CFE37E2A68060E9350BDC2D985B" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="7DF3652A6FE789CA7460FE0879E8673B" ID-CoL="84NGK" authority="Hartman & Fauchald, 1971" authorityName="Hartman & Fauchald" authorityYear="1971" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Ephesiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ephesiopsis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Ephesiopsis Hartman & Fauchald, 1971</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="959544D45202653548CDC257EBF047B8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="BF152B80BDDC26D0C0B615CFAA1171F4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="B00777A4CB4230FE3FB201F2F80A50BF" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Ephesiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ephesiopsis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Ephesiopsis</taxonomicName>
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Hartman & Fauchald, 1971: 68;
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<bibRefCitation id="1B70AB1F503F3A7426887D6A6D372506" author="Fauchald, K" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="257 - 289" title="Sphaerodoridae (Polychaeta: Errantia) from world wide areas." url="10.1080/00222937400770241" volume="8" year="1974">Fauchald 1974</bibRefCitation>
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: 270;
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<bibRefCitation id="0DB9A146A50FC8711CB6E1A099DC42BB" author="Rizzo, AE" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="61 - 67" title="A new species of Ephesiopsis (Polychaeta: Sphaerodoridae) from off southeastern Brazil." volume="2307" year="2009">Rizzo 2009</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 62-63 (in part);
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<bibRefCitation id="3AF09A339B8F428841CAD168CF7E5844" author="Capa, M" editor="Westheide, W" journalOrPublisher="De Gruyter, Oesnabruck" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" title="Handbook of Zoology. A Natural History of the Phyla of the Animal Kingdom. Annelida: Polychaetes" year="2014">Capa et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="CBFE5862DEF14BDE821256CB36396B35" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="type species">
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<paragraph id="AD270F28B73560B2069AB7BC835DE4AC" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5032FB472AAA87803DC614261DF8E593" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="9EB57BABBCBDD1988282D6A3B72D64CF" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Ephesiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ephesiopsis guayanae" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="guayanae">Ephesiopsis guayanae</taxonomicName>
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Hartman & Fauchald, 1971.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="69E9EE045252042D2E568C263C270BCF" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="4A29F239CCDCFB1881094BFE344052F7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D5DF6CC3EDD552A6A1DD444EBECD840E" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Body long and slender. Two longitudinal rows of macrotubercles, one pair per segment, absent on first chaetiger. Macrotubercles sessile, with terminal papillae. Two longitudinal rows of microtubercles, one pair per segment, running parallel between macrotubercles. Additionally, papillae arranged in 4-5 transverse rows on dorsum and ventrum. Prostomial and peristomial appendages short, spherical or digitiform. Parapodia from chaetiger 2 with both simple and compound chaetae; hooks on first chaetiger absent or present.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CF8CB2EB3F16C0E54439CCAEE5877744" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="9799D32CB88D5F8AB68A0C3DD5F668CC" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<pageBreakToken id="F338238CFDAC5C275215F3FD2C779AAF" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="98646D391D3564DABE56C8E538034D92" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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The genus was originally erected and justified by the presence of both simple and compound chaetae in every chaetiger (
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<bibRefCitation id="EBE86A501051D66614FF92A413DBB56B" author="Hartman, O" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 327" title="Deep-water benthic polychaetous annelids off New England to Bermuda and other North Atlantic Areas. Part II." volume="6" year="1971">Hartman and Fauchald 1971</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="9E888ADE7600F0CE337E041CB3FBCF34" author="Fauchald, K" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="257 - 289" title="Sphaerodoridae (Polychaeta: Errantia) from world wide areas." url="10.1080/00222937400770241" volume="8" year="1974">Fauchald 1974</bibRefCitation>
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), a condition different to that found in members of
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<taxonomicName id="1630360F47DD9756C71EB28B416B3C86" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Ephesiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ephesiella" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Ephesiella</taxonomicName>
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Chamberlin, 1919, with only compound or pseudo-compound chaetae (
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<bibRefCitation id="29F871481163FE7E1D0EE10A522E86D6" author="Moore, JP" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="321 - 351" title="The polychaetous annelids dredged by the U. S. S: " Albatross " off the coast of southern California in 1904. I. Syllidae, Sphaerodoridae, Hesionidae and Phyllodocidae." volume="61" year="1909">Moore 1909</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="3BC89CE942B43A93AE8099D0D1128E3B" author="Fauchald, K" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="257 - 289" title="Sphaerodoridae (Polychaeta: Errantia) from world wide areas." url="10.1080/00222937400770241" volume="8" year="1974">Fauchald 1974</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="B4F8422FDE5119E8D5A3663A6BD0EEE4" author="Capa, M" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="227 - 267" title="Revision of the Australian Sphaerodoridae (Annelida) including the description of four new species." url="10.11646/zootaxa.4000.2.3" volume="4000" year="2015">Capa and Bakken 2015</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="E43066F87EBBDF5D952F038F9520CE6B" author="Capa, M" editor="Westheide, W" journalOrPublisher="De Gruyter, Oesnabruck" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" title="Handbook of Zoology. A Natural History of the Phyla of the Animal Kingdom. Annelida: Polychaetes" year="2014">Capa et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="5A2CD7B5A181F9C4AE9FE93D82F931D4" author="Capa, M" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="335 - 350" title="Phylogenetic hypothesis of Sphaerodoridae Malmgren, 1867 (Annelida) and its position within Phyllodocida." url="10.1111/cla.12134" volume="32" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
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), or
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<taxonomicName id="D37B9A09D95320153457F2F9E5A60EE1" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodorum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodorum" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Sphaerodorum</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="19BF97E427E8747DAD24071D8F56E010" originalValue="Örsted">Oersted</normalizedToken>
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, 1843, with typically only simple chaetae (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="B1896A0C8F032B788EE9A7369CA6CF10" author="Fauchald, K" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="257 - 289" title="Sphaerodoridae (Polychaeta: Errantia) from world wide areas." url="10.1080/00222937400770241" volume="8" year="1974">Fauchald 1974</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="C971A15CDEEE936132D0352220AC0E6E" author="Capa, M" editor="Westheide, W" journalOrPublisher="De Gruyter, Oesnabruck" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" title="Handbook of Zoology. A Natural History of the Phyla of the Animal Kingdom. Annelida: Polychaetes" year="2014">Capa et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="600FBD2B9A655A756C7BBE1032E6B131" author="Capa, M" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="335 - 350" title="Phylogenetic hypothesis of Sphaerodoridae Malmgren, 1867 (Annelida) and its position within Phyllodocida." url="10.1111/cla.12134" volume="32" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
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). Otherwise, these three genera are very similar and they all share the general body shape, with slender bodies, the number and arrangement of epithelial tubercles, with two longitudinal rows of macrotubercles with a terminal papilla, two longitudinal rows of microtubercles, and about 3‒4 transverse rows of smaller papillae on each segment. The re-examination of the types of the type species,
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<taxonomicName id="452ECA705203FF4C74BAE40BFAB3BBA6" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Ephesiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ephesiopsis guayanae" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="guayanae">Ephesiopsis guayanae</taxonomicName>
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Hartman & Fauchald, 1971, confirms the presence of sub-distally widened simple chaetae, with tapering tips and straight edges, and with apparently no sign of being compound under the light and compound microscopes (Fig. 1A, B); while an additional chaeta in same parapodia is compound, with thinner blades and with more rounded edges. It is unclear at this point, if the presence of both compound and apparently simple chaetae justifies the validity of the genus and further analyses should be performed to elucidate this issue.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A17FCCAA6F982DF6705CFBA68E0DE981" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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An examination of the types of the recently described
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<taxonomicName id="0FC12CA5453DA166C5A373D6F956E764" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Ephesiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ephesiopsis shivae" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="shivae">Ephesiopsis shivae</taxonomicName>
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Rizzo, 2009 from Brazil revealed that the specimens do not show the typical generic attributes (
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<bibRefCitation id="8C943B93EEF95F3FE29F07A1AB9E9DB4" author="Rizzo, AE" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="61 - 67" title="A new species of Ephesiopsis (Polychaeta: Sphaerodoridae) from off southeastern Brazil." volume="2307" year="2009">Rizzo 2009</bibRefCitation>
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, Fig. 3
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<normalizedToken id="6D37F446F128DDB8B0E3B4E6F5C78F28" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="DA67DCF13E3C1E46C4A8A8C59A953DB4" originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
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). The chaetae considered in the original description as simple seem to be compound chaetae that have lost the blades, as it has been observed in many specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="46EBF71E572F53F6BF3AF693383160DF" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Ephesiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ephesiella" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Ephesiella</taxonomicName>
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spp. Moreover,
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<taxonomicName id="EE77EB96DBFE32BEBA0C742253775E89" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Ephesiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ephesiella shivae" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="shivae">Ephesiella shivae</taxonomicName>
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was described as having a pygidium with four macrotubercles (
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<bibRefCitation id="00460B67DE6D73F998CD5E68950223EF" author="Rizzo, AE" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="61 - 67" title="A new species of Ephesiopsis (Polychaeta: Sphaerodoridae) from off southeastern Brazil." volume="2307" year="2009">Rizzo 2009</bibRefCitation>
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), but the examined Brazilian specimens showed the typical two dorsal macrotubercles and the ventral digitiform pygidial cirrus. Based on this observation, we propose that
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<taxonomicName id="DAC510ED4C6AA094AB9E7015266BA45E" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Ephesiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ephesiella shivae" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="shivae">Ephesiella shivae</taxonomicName>
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is transferred to
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<taxonomicName id="CA82852C9EC98359E08E611B1A7219E3" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Ephesiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ephesiella" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Ephesiella</taxonomicName>
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and conclude that
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<taxonomicName id="0FC71BB6449C785A1C81B560E180E9CF" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Ephesiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ephesiopsis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Ephesiopsis</taxonomicName>
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is monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="109B20706C6800216BA0A83A62659842" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<paragraph id="EDD1D46CA363FAAF19BD21D82A3ED350" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName id="870B9022928B5EC588A3F890D15826F9" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Ephesiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ephesiopsis guayanae" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="guayanae">Ephesiopsis guayanae</taxonomicName>
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paratypes LACM- AHF POLY TYPE 943, micrographs. A Mid-body chaetigers and chaetae (apparently simple), ventral view B Mid-body chaetigers with compound and simple chaetae, dorsal view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |