1743 lines
228 KiB
XML
1743 lines
228 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.74.e103573" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2625-8498-74-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="36357E26162F548B8319F3B203F4BB2E" ID-ZooBank="83AB34EE9D5D4F4795360A4D1EB60568" ModsDocID="2625-8498-74-1" checkinTime="1705457841203" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Folly, Manuella, Condez, Thais H., Vrcibradic, Davor, Rocha, Carlos F. D., Machado, Alessandra S., Lopes, Ricardo T. & Pombal Jr., Jose P." docDate="2024" docId="535C7F5B7D6D5919BA0542E10A18720E" docLanguage="en" docName="VertZool 74: 1-21" docOrigin="Vertebrate Zoology 74" docPubDate="2024-01-16" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.74.e103573" docTitle="Brachycephalus herculeus Folly & Condez & Vrcibradic & Rocha & Machado & Lopes & Pombal Jr. 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="BA016993-4B11-4770-A245-7688E37823CE" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" id="36357E26162F548B8319F3B203F4BB2E" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="36357E26162F548B8319F3B203F4BB2E" masterDocTitle="A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the northern portion of the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1705458145085" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="69E1A20DF7F29CF8E4B3543CD3B5382B">A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the northern portion of the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6BFA5DEFB315782C7F5818FF677D01F9">Folly, Manuella</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FD4F17CE71C6E32D058A2F7970C14EFB">Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Bartolomeu de Gusmao, 875, Sao Cristovao, 20941 - 160 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="81D1EBA13C2BE7A3F0F2494CA8C6C350" type="email">follymga@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="309D40A5572CC7E5346C9671E4274863">Condez, Thais H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="72EACEFA6517FAACEE2C35CB98A1F309">Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, K 1 S 5 B 6 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6C352F63F42D7DFC6EEF1BF0BC88DC0A">Vrcibradic, Davor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="38D86558FA8B1B8088839AD6906FBA2B">Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Pasteur 458, Urca, 22240 - 290 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0CB1068F0476FD34E0760B21E6A01230">Rocha, Carlos F. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="025173707FFE47C9A9AD9F728F2D83A8">Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Sao Francisco Xavier 524, Maracana, 20550 - 013 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CF170F597D91344426F8090E0290E434">Machado, Alessandra S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="92AF22E1CBE38B9DC2C70543F20530CD">Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pos-graduacao e Pesquisa em Engenharia, Laboratorio de Instrumentacao Nuclear, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941 - 450 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EDF2FEF0491439F1994BE3FB7D7A9C3B">Lopes, Ricardo T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CB6601C257E512E59274F3405C6C67D2">Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pos-graduacao e Pesquisa em Engenharia, Laboratorio de Instrumentacao Nuclear, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941 - 450 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="33CA96ABB239DE0ABADCCE665BE70315">Pombal Jr., Jose P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="ABE8AFC2AEAD3E3E6FC8A758C4820D1F" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4900-630X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="38E1A2C06F662337978F2A804F26A5A1">Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Bartolomeu de Gusmao, 875, Sao Cristovao, 20941 - 160 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="D6C5AB1F76B25A178E2BBD07D64C8C32">Vertebrate Zoology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="DFEE7FCA165FEA9B213A4965BA56F0F1">
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<mods:date id="3921FDA166CFA4A10DC25626A98CF23A">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EC321A3104BC5B199C580DE06396B59E">2024-01-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B8F274EAFE0E9D2A92B2BAF88416C41B">74</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="57216E8E700643DBE194C7CA3F6514BC" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.74.e103573</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="535C7F5B7D6D5919BA0542E10A18720E" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BA016993-4B11-4770-A245-7688E37823CE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/535C7F5B7D6D5919BA0542E10A18720E" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="0C144D040EC0088480A41DE2AD853559" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="94AC20325CA275B93AB74DACDD9493D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="020E09AEAABBAD844B1704CD6CA6C61F" LSID="https://zoobank.orgBA016993-4B11-4770-A245-7688E37823CE" authority="Folly & Condez & Vrcibradic & Rocha & Machado & Lopes & Pombal Jr., 2024" authorityName="Folly & Condez & Vrcibradic & Rocha & Machado & Lopes & Pombal Jr." authorityYear="2024" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus herculeus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herculeus" status="sp. nov.">Brachycephalus herculeus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="056B8B82E329811B78777DA91420EF02" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="7AD6597D39F5456D9ADC0BBEEFA34007" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C801DD523D2EB39BE9A1ED68F04052BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation id="83E65F5D1CE57D21BF6D66B51785F0DC" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Holotype of Brachycephalus herculeus, new species (MNRJ 42408). A Dorsal, B ventral, and C lateral views of the body; D ventral view of foot, and E ventral view of hand. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e103573.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/968231" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="2E6A81A68022EB7E9803C3C1C4A2F639" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chresonymy">
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<paragraph id="21D36410DCB3674983893BD3EBEB9385" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chresonymy.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0959ABD4811B73336142DE20F7DBE1CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="046EAD176024FF4C3A783E7A546AC543" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brachycephalus</taxonomicName>
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sp. -
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<bibRefCitation id="A34A43B897E32706FEC756E139345A6B" author="Siqueira, CC" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="131 - 137" refId="B92" refString="Siqueira, CC, Vrcibradic, D, Almeida-Gomes, M, Menezes, VA, Borges-Junior, VNT, Hatano, FH, Pontes, JAL, Goyannes-Araujo, P, Guedes, DM, Van Sluys, M, Rocha, CFD, 2011. Species composition and density estimates of the anurofauna of a site within the northernmost large Atlantic Forest remnant (Parque Estadual do Desengano) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Biota Neotropica 11: 131 - 137" title="Species composition and density estimates of the anurofauna of a site within the northernmost large Atlantic Forest remnant (Parque Estadual do Desengano) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." volume="11" year="2011">Siqueira et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EA2A1D3FC9088E099888D4668A34126D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="8B5AFC6823616DC348CE2705ED120017" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Brachycephalus</taxonomicName>
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||
sp. 2 -
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="220DB386C33944FF060D263E11EB7B87" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz200" author="Condez, TH" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="664 - 686" refId="B25" refString="Condez, TH, Haddad, CFB, Zamudio, KR, 2020. Historical biogeography and multi-trait evolution in miniature toadlets of the genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 129: 664 - 686, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz200" title="Historical biogeography and multi-trait evolution in miniature toadlets of the genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz200" volume="129" year="2020">Condez et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="BD6EFF075F278B80FBB24FA8E037B4D9" DOI="http://doi.org/10.1643/h2020144" author="Folly, M" journalOrPublisher="Ichthyology & Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="585 - 601" refId="B41" refString="Folly, M, Vrcibradic, D, Siqueira, CC, Rocha, CFB, Machado, AA, Lopes, RT, Pombal, Jr, 2022. A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) from a montane Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil, with a reappraisal of the species group in the genus. Ichthyology & Herpetology 110: 585 - 601, DOI: http://doi.org/10.1643/h2020144" title="A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) from a montane Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil, with a reappraisal of the species group in the genus." url="http://doi.org/10.1643/h2020144" volume="110" year="2022">Folly et al. (2022)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B99D6E6C7B6323976FE1126DE549CB3C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="holotype">
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<paragraph id="E391E4F6898193D020C2ED99257406E0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="87751DD1DE241C7342A043BBFDE5FEC1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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MNRJ 42408, adult male, Parque Estadual do Desengano, vicinity of Estalagem Morumbeca, municipality of Santa Maria Madalena, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (
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<geoCoordinate id="18FD40F737F9ABDC420FBAE6D72D4422" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="42.3" value="-21.878416">
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21°52
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<normalizedToken id="35DD0EB69ECC5894318D3854DEEDA5C7" originalValue="’42.3”">'42.3"</normalizedToken>
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S
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="6EF8C5D761BBB3615F251FB2BD074C64" degrees="41" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="11.9" value="-41.919975">
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41°55
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<normalizedToken id="2F7F5AAE5A1E739C13AC5046B1CD07D3" originalValue="’11.9”">'11.9"</normalizedToken>
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W
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; 1100 m a.s.l.), collected by D. Vrcibradic on 3 June 2006.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="87D9445369485DE1BF5D7A2EBBF7B934" doi="10.3897/vz.74.e103573.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/968231" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph id="4DC6FE7C38C7ADA0361CAFECC338DA2E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="C938D5549B15CCE0D888AA4A280D9A5C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="33C283BEF29576AB2CC0AD1C71176ECB" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus herculeus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herculeus">
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<emphasis id="69C239B15B3440D2E65E538F8054B656" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus herculeus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, new species (MNRJ 42408).
|
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<emphasis id="7E837C11138787D0786A9165D1C51C80" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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||
Dorsal,
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<emphasis id="9D9D87C8C1D3D09E92C91C31DFDF8B1A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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ventral, and
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<emphasis id="078ABD88C5CA7767B0C64DCA829DBE2C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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lateral views of the body;
|
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<emphasis id="58FFBE8CA73FE8C485AD9F7540238C4B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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ventral view of foot, and
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||
<emphasis id="7B1F417B9678F88A25B5C58C237264B9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view of hand. Scale bar = 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A54772342E13DAA710D17F32EAFAD01B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph id="130F38D07F61891B6F06D46D180C8BA3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="6391859CFB0359628154A42D7C167D8F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
MNRJ 42407, adult, cleared-and-stained specimen, collected with the holotype. MNRJ 42409, adult male, collected by C.C. Siqueira on 6 June 2006; MNRJ 42410, adult male, collected by H.G. Bergallo on May 2006, all in the same site as the holotype. MNRJ 52718, adult female, and MNRJ 52719-52721, adult males, Parque Estadual do Desengano, Estalagem Morumbeca, municipality of Santa Maria Madalena, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE2FBA7C34310308914DB76C4E7DD65C" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="33" value="-21.875834">21°52′33″S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="491EDB13D1D93821A92B6783BBCD1648" degrees="41" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="08" value="-41.91889">41°55′08″W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 1050 m a.s.l.), collected by A. Chagas, A. Kury, C. Sampaio and T. Moreira, from 13-17 May 2008. CFBH 28049, adult female, CFBH 28124, 28129-30, 28135, adult males, and CFBH 28128, 28132-34, 28136-38, individuals of undetermined sex, including juveniles, Parque Estadual do Desengano, trail to Pico do Desengano, municipality of Santa Maria Madalena, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B1E6D15A3696533FFD9A3C102A6E13A6" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="49.1" value="-21.880306">21°52′49.1″S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0A7331ABAC1C766FBE9597F91E9626E3" degrees="41" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="0.9" value="-41.91692">41°55′0.9″W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 1167 m a.s.l.), collected by M.T.C.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A875E4F8A22060F5BE88AFFC6B5BE93A" originalValue="Thomé">Thome</normalizedToken>
|
||
, F.A. Brusquetti, and T.H. Condez, from 21-28 February 2011. CFBH 27342-45, Parque Estadual do Desengano, trail to Pico do Desengano, municipality of Santa Maria Madalena, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="04798212D54809911890863E947BCD4A" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="45.3" value="-21.87925">21°52′45.3″S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C2FFA701AD18DAFCD41967AC1D056212" degrees="41" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="07.0" value="-41.918613">41°55′07.0″W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 1130 m a.s.l.), collected by C. Canedo, T. Brunes, M. Gehara and M.T.C.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="95E2D0338A652E212CA6F25CE83B43B0" originalValue="Thomé">Thome</normalizedToken>
|
||
, on 20 November 2010.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="391D65D15509D39968E5DEA5FB9F74A6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="5FE7A682B745C0459AE2D225E3B56728" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="06B34757071FEE0E1D911E90F54066B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0107856518D5B00D5A0DCB611E047CF6" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus herculeus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herculeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC3895783BFA68178D3783D6F50469F8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus herculeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="3C69612D8F5D146C82B9CAFE12870623" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
is distinguished from all its congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) skin on head and dorsum with dermal ossification; (2) skull with hyperossification of postorbital crests, which can be seen externally; (3) fourth presacral vertebra with transverse processes hyperossified, not ornamented and not visible externally; (4) urostyle crest extending up to 2/3 of urostyle length; (5) long oesophageal process of hyolaryngeal apparatus; (6) general color in life orange with dorsal green irregular patch; (7) presence of osteoderms; (8) presence of black connective tissue scattered over dorsal musculature; (9) medium body size for the genus (SVL of adults: 11.8-14.7 mm for males and 13.9-15.2 mm for females; (10) advertisement call characterized by one note repeated in sequence, commonly comprised of 8-12 pulses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4F9CD696EE5C7E9C4A8A496521CC7701" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comparisons">
|
||
<paragraph id="A850DEA0A3521B1BE809A5E9C866EEBA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comparisons with other species.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FEEDFC528A224107E2829D8C87A94AA7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The presence of hyperossification in the skeleton and skin with dermal ossification on the head and dorsum distinguish the new species from all members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E053B1BABB123F09E48F7BEC5CF0F1A9" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BF9047BF4922915162AB894FDEDE9E1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0154A80E34C234D736F5F5354F26DFA" lsidName="B. actaeus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="actaeus">B. actaeus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FB0FDAB5D81DE28C3B61D3BEE850521" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B7A192FF8EECA9AE9662230D59EBDEE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3F20A98548E90DBD64A216512A68DBD4" lsidName="B. auroguttatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="auroguttatus">B. auroguttatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF923F9FCE607160713E310233640ACD" lsidName="B. boticario" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="boticario">B. boticario</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6B34F8137B1DE3B84D74EC35FE782FC1" lsidName="B. brunneus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="brunneus">B. brunneus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95CB0C0D261C3064F479DAFCEACCD588" lsidName="B. coloratus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="coloratus">B. coloratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A3608A779B1DFA210DD82AAC1AD22EF" lsidName="B. curupira" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="curupira">B. curupira</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5767DCCE646D3A5943E92603349924BF" lsidName="B. ferruginus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ferruginus">B. ferruginus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54BB6C54741898CC7B7F0B6C827ADC09" lsidName="B. fuscolineatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fuscolineatus">B. fuscolineatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BB00B8ADDD569968FFBB966717B093F" lsidName="B. izecksohni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="izecksohni">B. izecksohni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="636797FE0EA631A6D5BFC9C3272173B9" lsidName="B. leopardus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="leopardus">B. leopardus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4071EC470FE01157D86D51699C882C99" lsidName="B. mariaeterezae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mariaeterezae">B. mariaeterezae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89D32DE7D34B1DF617F46F8F78E6033D" lsidName="B. mirissimus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mirissimus">B. mirissimus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DA42EDB99B081A3559FD64B600C510A7" lsidName="B. olivaceus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="olivaceus">B. olivaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C346BC81CBE78621F0B94CE76E4A6B76" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FC44762963CB63F45396DE8498E691" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="248AFE5C378A99D91666B3460D89345C" lsidName="B. pombali" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pombali">B. pombali</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D02D8867CE807A5F1053295A881CF69F" lsidName="B. quiririensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="quiririensis">B. quiririensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D05808924799A99B6799CC7D2F96E29F" lsidName="B. tabuleiro" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tabuleiro">B. tabuleiro</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="541774D25008382BDF5A0B9163BA5AAF" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BF126267EBD07A45061469A92292FB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45D9A070BD4A955FD6789B69CCA93959" lsidName="B. verrucosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="verrucosus">B. verrucosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1544974AA7EE0582710C40FBC40C84DC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1565481" author="Pombal, JP" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="70 - 74" refId="B83" refString="Pombal, JP, Wistuba, EM, Bornschein, MR, 1998. A new species of brachycephalid (Anura) from the Atlantic Rain Forest of Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 32: 70 - 74, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1565481" title="A new species of brachycephalid (Anura) from the Atlantic Rain Forest of Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1565481" volume="32" year="1998">Pombal et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2018;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="17083D06BEC6023A0D027C59199CB069" author="Ribeiro, LF" journalOrPublisher="Nova Serie, Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 18" refId="B87" refString="Ribeiro, LF, Alves, ACR, Haddad, CFB, dos Reis, SF, 2005. Two new species of Brachycephalus Guenther, 1858 from the state of Parana, southern Brazil (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional. Nova Serie, Zoologia 519: 1 - 18" title="Two new species of Brachycephalus Guenther, 1858 from the state of Parana, southern Brazil (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional." volume="519" year="2005">Ribeiro et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8FB46216C7201751027EFAFCFF3AE94C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1011" author="Ribeiro, LF" journalOrPublisher="Nova Serie, Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B89" refString="Ribeiro, LF, Bornschein, MR, Belmonte-Lopes, R, Firkowski, CR, Morato, SA, Pie, MR, 2015. Seven new microendemic species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Brazil. PeerJ 3: e1011. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1011" title="Seven new microendemic species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Brazil. PeerJ 3: e 1011." url="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1011" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F9EDB71E5A866CE178B5B8F548341BBE" DOI="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3603" author="Ribeiro, LF" journalOrPublisher="Nova Serie, Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B88" refString="Ribeiro, LF, Blackburn, DC, Stanley, EL, Pie, MR, Bornschein, MR, 2017. Two new species of the Brachycephalus pernix group (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the state of Parana, southern Brazil. PeerJ 5: e3603. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3603" title="Two new species of the Brachycephalus pernix group (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the state of Parana, southern Brazil. PeerJ 5: e 3603." url="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3603" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4FAF9DBB4054F016795A3DEB0062F694" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1655/05-41.1" author="Alves, ACR" journalOrPublisher="Herpetologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="221 - 233" refId="B6" refString="Alves, ACR, Ribeiro, LF, Haddad, CFB, Dos Reis, SF, 2006. Two new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Forest in Parana State, Southern Brazil. Herpetologica 62: 221 - 233, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1655/05-41.1" title="Two new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Forest in Parana State, Southern Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1655/05-41.1" volume="62" year="2006">Alves et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8EB71B6A42576FB8086DAA6792AF5EED" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-11-00074.1" author="Garey, MV" journalOrPublisher="Herpetologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="266 - 271" refId="B45" refString="Garey, MV, Lima, AMX, Hartmann, MT, Haddad, CFB, 2012. A new species of miniaturized toadlet, genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae), from southern Brazil. Herpetologica 68: 266 - 271, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-11-00074.1" title="A new species of miniaturized toadlet, genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae), from southern Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-11-00074.1" volume="68" year="2012">Garey et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Pie et al. 2015;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B9E6136490E753A3CF5585E623A76FBC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2629" author="Bornschein, MR" journalOrPublisher="Check List" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B12" refString="Bornschein, MR, Ribeiro, LF, Blackburn, DC, Stanley, EL, Pie, MR, 2016. A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. PeerJ 4: e2629. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2629" title="A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. PeerJ 4: e 2629." url="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2629" year="2016">Bornschein et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F0C754842683D2D006A3528A3F243970" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4407.4.2" author="Monteiro, JP" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="483 - 505" refId="B68" refString="Monteiro, JP, Condez, TH, Garcia, PCA, Comitti, EJ, Amaral, IB, Haddad, CFB, 2018a. A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) from the coast of Santa Catarina State, southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Zootaxa 4407: 483 - 505, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4407.4.2" title="A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) from the coast of Santa Catarina State, southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4407.4.2" volume="4407" year="2018 a">Monteiro et al. 2018a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5CD8D198CB5996E494200854ECA1F54E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e102098" author="Mangia, S" journalOrPublisher="Vertebrate Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="575 - 597" refId="B66" refString="Mangia, S, Santana, DJ, Drummond, LO, Sabagh, LT, Ugioni, L, Nogueira-Costa, P, Wachlevski, M, 2023. A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Tabuleiro, southern Brazil. Vertebrate Zoology 73: 575 - 597, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e102098" title="A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Tabuleiro, southern Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e102098" volume="73" year="2023">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0D30F930C6C5E4DAAD87C2F222F1227A" originalValue="Mângia">Mangia</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2023
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62380BB2512FEF65A50A1F1F79DC873F" lsidName="B. clarissae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="clarissae">B. clarissae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7C8B795EC89C51569DBCAE85051AD56" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B34CB83110698E765748E065B8F25C2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7F905449A380DD502FAD4A7EB769C9D3" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="4A0BAD331732ED7A91163E4C4BC7AE58" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="353A6F058819BC8180585729E56927F3" lsidName="B. pulex" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pulex">B. pulex</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE0A6CD14E86A66F30CBD016164CC616" lsidName="B. puri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="puri">B. puri</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="262C397B0EFB139A5AA51C918AF3729F" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="3E9E415F9609D4942EC80E5151916A45" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all of which lack hyperossification (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7F38FF94617F322ED61B784D0A627403" author="Izecksohn, E" journalOrPublisher="Nova Serie, Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 12" refId="B57" refString="Izecksohn, E, 1971. Novo genero e nova especie de Brachycephalidae do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (Amphibia, Anura). Boletim do Museu Nacional. Nova Serie, Zoologia 280: 1 - 12" title="Novo genero e nova especie de Brachycephalidae do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (Amphibia, Anura). Boletim do Museu Nacional." volume="280" year="1971">Izecksohn 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="32AE38E493EE03630C51D8D7FD168D5F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1447345" author="Giaretta, AA" journalOrPublisher="Copeia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="985 - 987" refId="B47" refString="Giaretta, AA, Sawaya, R, 1998. Second species of Psyllophryne (Anura: Brachycephalidae). Copeia 1998: 985 - 987, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1447345" title="Second species of Psyllophryne (Anura: Brachycephalidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1447345" volume="1998" year="1998">Giaretta and Sawaya 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A737E697693A56CE8C0DFFF4969B9565" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2739.1.3" author="Napoli, MF" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="33 - 40" refId="B71" refString="Napoli, MF, Caramaschi, U, Cruz, CAG, Dias, IR, 2011. A new species of flea-toad, genus Brachycephalus Fitzinger (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae), from the Atlantic rainforest of southern Bahia, Brazil. Zootaxa 2739: 33 - 40, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2739.1.3" title="A new species of flea-toad, genus Brachycephalus Fitzinger (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae), from the Atlantic rainforest of southern Bahia, Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2739.1.3" volume="2739" year="2011">Napoli et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5FD7B58B808F4DDFB3DDB37F03B1A9DF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4083.1.2" author="Condez, TH" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="40 - 56" refId="B26" refString="Condez, TH, Monteiro, JP, Comitti, EJ, Garcia, PC, Amaral, IB, Haddad, CF, 2016. A new species of flea-toad (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Zootaxa 4083: 40 - 56, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4083.1.2" title="A new species of flea-toad (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4083.1.2" volume="4083" year="2016">Condez et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C136DAC0BCF6E459AD70C4543447E6FC" DOI="http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5068.4.3" author="Almeida-Silva, P" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="517 - 532" refId="B4" refString="Almeida-Silva, P, Silva-Soares, T, Rodrigues, MT, Verdade, VK, 2021. New species of flea-toad, genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Forest of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Zootaxa 5068: 517 - 532, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5068.4.3" title="New species of flea-toad, genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Forest of Espirito Santo, Brazil." url="http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5068.4.3" volume="5068" year="2021">Almeida-Silva et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2C2A94F5B7B38163F652E7F36A4ABB20" DOI="http://doi.org/10.1643/h2020144" author="Folly, M" journalOrPublisher="Ichthyology & Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="585 - 601" refId="B41" refString="Folly, M, Vrcibradic, D, Siqueira, CC, Rocha, CFB, Machado, AA, Lopes, RT, Pombal, Jr, 2022. A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) from a montane Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil, with a reappraisal of the species group in the genus. Ichthyology & Herpetology 110: 585 - 601, DOI: http://doi.org/10.1643/h2020144" title="A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) from a montane Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil, with a reappraisal of the species group in the genus." url="http://doi.org/10.1643/h2020144" volume="110" year="2022">Folly et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Also, the absence of metacarpal and metatarsal tubercles distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94FD6E745EAF862B235FA9CE5803F5D4" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="69ADD5FDC1004F239C2BF4948D108102" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="121FED64E4625D3DF5DA5189D9D148C9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8C183CB40A529E69ACB63419B2FC92F" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="14264688FA14D008FC1EEBD99B61AE1D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(metacarpal and metatarsal tubercles present;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="83291B4DB9D9AC774F4749FBBEC0D519" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1447345" author="Giaretta, AA" journalOrPublisher="Copeia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="985 - 987" refId="B47" refString="Giaretta, AA, Sawaya, R, 1998. Second species of Psyllophryne (Anura: Brachycephalidae). Copeia 1998: 985 - 987, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1447345" title="Second species of Psyllophryne (Anura: Brachycephalidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1447345" volume="1998" year="1998">Giaretta and Sawaya 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CB96ABCB3349293988825859C927B9F4" lsidName="B. auroguttatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="auroguttatus">B. auroguttatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DDDC5895A5898C7FBCE5A0B87EC94E21" lsidName="B. boticario" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="boticario">B. boticario</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="087EFE7B8BCED88C4E4A4CD16F6BA8E4" lsidName="B. brunneus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="brunneus">B. brunneus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4392A39312854EA010F06EA28D470993" lsidName="B. fuscolineatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fuscolineatus">B. fuscolineatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D37C748A7235B92594B9FD683443495C" lsidName="B. izecksohni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="izecksohni">B. izecksohni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="054C3B3D7012272F9DCA82AD7151D97F" lsidName="B. leopardus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="leopardus">B. leopardus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AB989A31D3B26EC4AB9D41E4A0DF27C1" lsidName="B. mariaeterezae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mariaeterezae">B. mariaeterezae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="067772D5A575EA038C76003A2A214FF8" lsidName="B. olivaceus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="olivaceus">B. olivaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BA61ABB838E11BE2F535AA97B1AD39B" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="BF5F9DA3D15AA66C9D7927B2296AB8E9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40F0FE9F4606CEB915C9E9CE423D63C1" lsidName="B. pulex" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pulex">B. pulex</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D82B051824779873A2E23E9B68C1753F" lsidName="B. quiririensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="quiririensis">B. quiririensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AD123007BA9967D5F801045C750EFF55" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="72F3D5CA1A7CCC83D5FC424BFFE40D7C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="248389D02AD858E9CFF8D0FF8A64B4FA" lsidName="B. verrucosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="verrucosus">B. verrucosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(outer metatarsal tubercles present,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6CC934D7A602DCBEB0ED94983C42258B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1447345" author="Giaretta, AA" journalOrPublisher="Copeia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="985 - 987" refId="B47" refString="Giaretta, AA, Sawaya, R, 1998. Second species of Psyllophryne (Anura: Brachycephalidae). Copeia 1998: 985 - 987, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1447345" title="Second species of Psyllophryne (Anura: Brachycephalidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1447345" volume="1998" year="1998">Giaretta and Sawaya 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D80DD4D14E59588C489B03A02DD0F4AF" author="Ribeiro, LF" journalOrPublisher="Nova Serie, Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 18" refId="B87" refString="Ribeiro, LF, Alves, ACR, Haddad, CFB, dos Reis, SF, 2005. Two new species of Brachycephalus Guenther, 1858 from the state of Parana, southern Brazil (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional. Nova Serie, Zoologia 519: 1 - 18" title="Two new species of Brachycephalus Guenther, 1858 from the state of Parana, southern Brazil (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional." volume="519" year="2005">Ribeiro et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="54626C69258E3C33430D59336B48C183" DOI="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1011" author="Ribeiro, LF" journalOrPublisher="Nova Serie, Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B89" refString="Ribeiro, LF, Bornschein, MR, Belmonte-Lopes, R, Firkowski, CR, Morato, SA, Pie, MR, 2015. Seven new microendemic species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Brazil. PeerJ 3: e1011. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1011" title="Seven new microendemic species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Brazil. PeerJ 3: e 1011." url="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1011" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A01F022328E9043AAE59E7D25055FDC5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511-43.2.212" author="Alves, ACR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="212 - 219" refId="B7" refString="Alves, ACR, Sawaya, RJ, Reis, SF, Haddad, CFB, 2009. New Species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Rain Forest in Sao Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 43: 212 - 219, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511-43.2.212" title="New Species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Rain Forest in Sao Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511-43.2.212" volume="43" year="2009">Alves et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8256C8A520141056311574CD7934B395" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1643/CH-09-102" author="Haddad, CFB" journalOrPublisher="Copeia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="410 - 420" refId="B51" refString="Haddad, CFB, Alves, ACR, Clemente-Carvalho, RBG, dos Reis, SF, 2010. A new species of Brachycephalus from the Atlantic Rain Forest in Sao Paulo State, southeastern Brazil (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae). Copeia 2010: 410 - 420, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1643/CH-09-102" title="A new species of Brachycephalus from the Atlantic Rain Forest in Sao Paulo State, southeastern Brazil (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1643/CH-09-102" volume="2010" year="2010">Haddad et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A8EA0FFF5AE65178F4F7AD467A82CF5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2739.1.3" author="Napoli, MF" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="33 - 40" refId="B71" refString="Napoli, MF, Caramaschi, U, Cruz, CAG, Dias, IR, 2011. A new species of flea-toad, genus Brachycephalus Fitzinger (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae), from the Atlantic rainforest of southern Bahia, Brazil. Zootaxa 2739: 33 - 40, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2739.1.3" title="A new species of flea-toad, genus Brachycephalus Fitzinger (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae), from the Atlantic rainforest of southern Bahia, Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2739.1.3" volume="2739" year="2011">Napoli et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="501BBBFE64A7858A6266B0E55920AE8A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1179" author="Pie, MR" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B77" refString="Pie, MR, Ribeiro, LF, 2015. A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Quiriri mountain range of southern Brazil. PeerJ 3: e1179. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1179" title="A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Quiriri mountain range of southern Brazil. PeerJ 3: e 1179." url="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1179" year="2015">Pie and Ribeiro 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C21794617854A339D2D192F39710C0A2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B30087A430BD59DBF6D6D746F129759D" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus herculeus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herculeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F7351D108531062C25461F19F6A018CF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus herculeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4E64B709C21A7D27308FF0E2934FCEC4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
lacks the quadratojugal, as in other species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="250B2C6FBA10052D8F19B4175BAA6D10" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="2219C2BCE9376FFF8F27EAE0D10112BB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC0FD52446BAD1F3830C04C9D6853E48" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB12F390CE2AB7A478560F042DFD166D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
groups (except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4FD21BA30D45B07170D1FA81B1C05F86" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="05643E4D70926E104E721FCA62BCAFA8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which the quadratojugal may be present or not), whereas in species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14FCFC76239AAA27A06DCCCD562A9115" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="D78B3AA210ECB0DC2E679C36D263A5FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group the quadratojugal is present (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9ACC39589DC70E1AD3E36B73FE4E826B" author="Ribeiro, LF" journalOrPublisher="Nova Serie, Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 18" refId="B87" refString="Ribeiro, LF, Alves, ACR, Haddad, CFB, dos Reis, SF, 2005. Two new species of Brachycephalus Guenther, 1858 from the state of Parana, southern Brazil (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional. Nova Serie, Zoologia 519: 1 - 18" title="Two new species of Brachycephalus Guenther, 1858 from the state of Parana, southern Brazil (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional." volume="519" year="2005">Ribeiro et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C85866F5A402B2A25B07B17B695FC4E0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1655/05-41.1" author="Alves, ACR" journalOrPublisher="Herpetologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="221 - 233" refId="B6" refString="Alves, ACR, Ribeiro, LF, Haddad, CFB, Dos Reis, SF, 2006. Two new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Forest in Parana State, Southern Brazil. Herpetologica 62: 221 - 233, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1655/05-41.1" title="Two new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Forest in Parana State, Southern Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1655/05-41.1" volume="62" year="2006">Alves et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0222C751318E3230B991672B5DDE6E7E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01375.x" author="Campos, LA" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="752 - 767" refId="B17" refString="Campos, LA, Silva, HR, Sebben, A, 2010. Morphology and development of additional bony elements in genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 99: 752 - 767, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01375.x" title="Morphology and development of additional bony elements in genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01375.x" volume="99" year="2010">Campos et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1F25ECAEAD72B6361C9B2B576F7A8602" DOI="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2629" author="Bornschein, MR" journalOrPublisher="Check List" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B12" refString="Bornschein, MR, Ribeiro, LF, Blackburn, DC, Stanley, EL, Pie, MR, 2016. A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. PeerJ 4: e2629. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2629" title="A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. PeerJ 4: e 2629." url="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2629" year="2016">Bornschein et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="87F15EEB635671805036C70E5CC2E522" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4083.1.2" author="Condez, TH" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="40 - 56" refId="B26" refString="Condez, TH, Monteiro, JP, Comitti, EJ, Garcia, PC, Amaral, IB, Haddad, CF, 2016. A new species of flea-toad (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Zootaxa 4083: 40 - 56, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4083.1.2" title="A new species of flea-toad (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4083.1.2" volume="4083" year="2016">Condez et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="11CE5116FCF74FE5DC09140C08B7A382" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4407.4.2" author="Monteiro, JP" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="483 - 505" refId="B68" refString="Monteiro, JP, Condez, TH, Garcia, PCA, Comitti, EJ, Amaral, IB, Haddad, CFB, 2018a. A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) from the coast of Santa Catarina State, southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Zootaxa 4407: 483 - 505, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4407.4.2" title="A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) from the coast of Santa Catarina State, southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4407.4.2" volume="4407" year="2018 a">Monteiro et al. 2018a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="00342F3B16BFA76E8B1801CE468B5493" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The general orange background color in life of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0D101327EC04EE92DA32CA2E709C884F" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus herculeus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herculeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8AE372892C8C17951F22AEFC33AD2594" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus herculeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="9571FD452538AEE6A8ADF52ED7B14F6F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
distinguishes it from that of the flea-toads
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6F5B47672D4F1AA39000BD61408E4E59" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C4845BC9204E7CC371225D1A20A6FE7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63F9795DC2FCF2308D47A10ECAF3E083" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="238807E141E212CE3C567A045835C672" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3D4FFAE6EE19D981EAACD41CD3F9E6D1" lsidName="B. pulex" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pulex">B. pulex</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1599CABF9B6CC7DE8F4A04ABD91F7057" lsidName="B. puri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="puri">B. puri</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CCB56ADAE6A0906797D6DBE22348DD92" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0488715672D1E559106C2D302E9E086" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which exhibit a brown or gray general body color (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F65C1BDE0F9E5EDB0728E987E415102" author="Izecksohn, E" journalOrPublisher="Nova Serie, Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 12" refId="B57" refString="Izecksohn, E, 1971. Novo genero e nova especie de Brachycephalidae do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (Amphibia, Anura). Boletim do Museu Nacional. Nova Serie, Zoologia 280: 1 - 12" title="Novo genero e nova especie de Brachycephalidae do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (Amphibia, Anura). Boletim do Museu Nacional." volume="280" year="1971">Izecksohn 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="ECBDBC59B1A101659920CCB032A6BAB2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1447345" author="Giaretta, AA" journalOrPublisher="Copeia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="985 - 987" refId="B47" refString="Giaretta, AA, Sawaya, R, 1998. Second species of Psyllophryne (Anura: Brachycephalidae). Copeia 1998: 985 - 987, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1447345" title="Second species of Psyllophryne (Anura: Brachycephalidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1447345" volume="1998" year="1998">Giaretta and Sawaya 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B1A16A7856AABDF6ACF59303F621EAD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2739.1.3" author="Napoli, MF" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="33 - 40" refId="B71" refString="Napoli, MF, Caramaschi, U, Cruz, CAG, Dias, IR, 2011. A new species of flea-toad, genus Brachycephalus Fitzinger (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae), from the Atlantic rainforest of southern Bahia, Brazil. Zootaxa 2739: 33 - 40, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2739.1.3" title="A new species of flea-toad, genus Brachycephalus Fitzinger (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae), from the Atlantic rainforest of southern Bahia, Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2739.1.3" volume="2739" year="2011">Napoli et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="219EF3CCD42B1C9536ED0D580EE29B02" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4083.1.2" author="Condez, TH" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="40 - 56" refId="B26" refString="Condez, TH, Monteiro, JP, Comitti, EJ, Garcia, PC, Amaral, IB, Haddad, CF, 2016. A new species of flea-toad (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Zootaxa 4083: 40 - 56, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4083.1.2" title="A new species of flea-toad (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4083.1.2" volume="4083" year="2016">Condez et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AC47ED3CFC117CF33159F685466025CC" DOI="http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5068.4.3" author="Almeida-Silva, P" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="517 - 532" refId="B4" refString="Almeida-Silva, P, Silva-Soares, T, Rodrigues, MT, Verdade, VK, 2021. New species of flea-toad, genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Forest of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Zootaxa 5068: 517 - 532, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5068.4.3" title="New species of flea-toad, genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Forest of Espirito Santo, Brazil." url="http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5068.4.3" volume="5068" year="2021">Almeida-Silva et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="565E306C8D8B9BB8BA11097EF76E663A" lsidName="B. clarissae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="clarissae">B. clarissae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has the dorsal region mainly light brown and the ventral region yellow with scattered red blotches (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1DA79220B094679EACA3A4D713EAE215" DOI="http://doi.org/10.1643/h2020144" author="Folly, M" journalOrPublisher="Ichthyology & Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="585 - 601" refId="B41" refString="Folly, M, Vrcibradic, D, Siqueira, CC, Rocha, CFB, Machado, AA, Lopes, RT, Pombal, Jr, 2022. A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) from a montane Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil, with a reappraisal of the species group in the genus. Ichthyology & Herpetology 110: 585 - 601, DOI: http://doi.org/10.1643/h2020144" title="A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) from a montane Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil, with a reappraisal of the species group in the genus." url="http://doi.org/10.1643/h2020144" volume="110" year="2022">Folly et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The new species also has a larger body size (adult SVL: 11.8-15.2 mm; Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="4E54A3834489D91E6AD4EBD692FE3D10" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Measurements (in millimeters) of specimens of Brachycephalus herculeus sp. nov. Abbreviations are mean (x); standard deviation (SD); snout-vent length (SVL); head length (HL); head width (HW); nostril diameter (ND); internostril distance (IND); eye diameter (ED); eyelid width (EW); interorbital distance (IOD); eye-nostril distance (END); nostril-tip of snout distance (NSD); thigh length (THL); shank length (SL); foot length (FL); Toe-III length (TL); arm length (AL); forearm length (FAL); hand length (HAL); and Finger-IV length (FIL)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2C9969D3A281A4D61BA319EE054AC861" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="2C9969D3A281A4D61BA319EE054AC861">1</tableCitation>
|
||
) than the aforementioned flea-toads (maximum SVL <11 mm in all six species;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="844036ABED8CBF13DC9F1E632CB2BD78" author="Izecksohn, E" journalOrPublisher="Nova Serie, Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 12" refId="B57" refString="Izecksohn, E, 1971. Novo genero e nova especie de Brachycephalidae do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (Amphibia, Anura). Boletim do Museu Nacional. Nova Serie, Zoologia 280: 1 - 12" title="Novo genero e nova especie de Brachycephalidae do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (Amphibia, Anura). Boletim do Museu Nacional." volume="280" year="1971">Izecksohn 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="58981CBBA13E8E5CE3DA2444E768796C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1670/10-015.1" author="Almeida-Santos, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="251 - 255" refId="B3" refString="Almeida-Santos, M, Siqueira, CC, Van Sluys, M, Rocha, CFD, 2011. Ecology of the Brazilian flea frog Brachycephalus didactylus (Terrarana: Brachycephalidae). Journal of Herpetology 45: 251 - 255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1670/10-015.1" title="Ecology of the Brazilian flea frog Brachycephalus didactylus (Terrarana: Brachycephalidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1670/10-015.1" volume="45" year="2011">Almeida-Santos et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EBD540C82C14CB3D811A94B43DE4CBA3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2739.1.3" author="Napoli, MF" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="33 - 40" refId="B71" refString="Napoli, MF, Caramaschi, U, Cruz, CAG, Dias, IR, 2011. A new species of flea-toad, genus Brachycephalus Fitzinger (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae), from the Atlantic rainforest of southern Bahia, Brazil. Zootaxa 2739: 33 - 40, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2739.1.3" title="A new species of flea-toad, genus Brachycephalus Fitzinger (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae), from the Atlantic rainforest of southern Bahia, Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2739.1.3" volume="2739" year="2011">Napoli et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="75F0F8A6DB1F6817237CAB65DC476B04" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4083.1.2" author="Condez, TH" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="40 - 56" refId="B26" refString="Condez, TH, Monteiro, JP, Comitti, EJ, Garcia, PC, Amaral, IB, Haddad, CF, 2016. A new species of flea-toad (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Zootaxa 4083: 40 - 56, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4083.1.2" title="A new species of flea-toad (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4083.1.2" volume="4083" year="2016">Condez et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="04892C85D16DAB90D7EA2880DA51BECC" DOI="http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5068.4.3" author="Almeida-Silva, P" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="517 - 532" refId="B4" refString="Almeida-Silva, P, Silva-Soares, T, Rodrigues, MT, Verdade, VK, 2021. New species of flea-toad, genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Forest of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Zootaxa 5068: 517 - 532, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5068.4.3" title="New species of flea-toad, genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Forest of Espirito Santo, Brazil." url="http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5068.4.3" volume="5068" year="2021">Almeida-Silva et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AA9E7AFE677B0E53D5BAC0DBE8A07821" DOI="http://doi.org/10.1643/h2020144" author="Folly, M" journalOrPublisher="Ichthyology & Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="585 - 601" refId="B41" refString="Folly, M, Vrcibradic, D, Siqueira, CC, Rocha, CFB, Machado, AA, Lopes, RT, Pombal, Jr, 2022. A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) from a montane Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil, with a reappraisal of the species group in the genus. Ichthyology & Herpetology 110: 585 - 601, DOI: http://doi.org/10.1643/h2020144" title="A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) from a montane Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil, with a reappraisal of the species group in the genus." url="http://doi.org/10.1643/h2020144" volume="110" year="2022">Folly et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="2C9969D3A281A4D61BA319EE054AC861" ID-Table-UUID="2C9969D3A281A4D61BA319EE054AC861" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2C9969D3A281A4D61BA319EE054AC861" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
|
||
<paragraph id="5BFFD87473A29BD900D170E42AE80915" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B234840E16C1FD488DBE4EE9F746706C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Table 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements (in millimeters) of specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7475636476E3E6E3F783D78C4359AD31" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus herculeus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herculeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D55BCAFD5FBD9342D5B21AB4BAEE2F59" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus herculeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="BCD73ABBE8C80D097EA5A51D7A455CE2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
Abbreviations are mean (x); standard deviation (SD); snout-vent length (SVL); head length (HL); head width (HW); nostril diameter (ND); internostril distance (IND); eye diameter (ED); eyelid width (EW); interorbital distance (IOD); eye-nostril distance (END); nostril-tip of snout distance (NSD); thigh length (THL); shank length (SL); foot length (FL); Toe-III length (TL); arm length (AL); forearm length (FAL); hand length (HAL); and Finger-IV length (FIL).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="09E307F11424BADE09F902E8E4942F30" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<table id="A31F10166CC57D588346D8594D535D05" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<tr id="8A5817F08E37FA60DF76614E33A095B9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="959C8EA88D652C066E655701D522D002" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="03C625122456CC27324DB007368B230C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Measurement</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="66E45A861448B9F1AF8FD1A16BB607A3" colspan="3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D5EC9E1465467440A245BE2EDF28117" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Males (n = 9)</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="54D5FD62EE74F6007DCB546EB9E86C9E" colspan="3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="D70FA99411B3CBA8DE2EE141C5C44C0C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Females (n = 7)</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F36C0C90EAD1C937E7BC8C766E176E75" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="05A9C03C00E9685CDBF16F53141C6078" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="30ECC760E3F63A7D9E5E700A0C5D3D48" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">x</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="446AFEA26B43A93249A7F2EB28DED0B8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="E51A63CA020F6322FE37FD079E4C79CA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">SD</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="F637D6F3070F93687E80CB71BFD964A5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0A612648383DCE706E84FAB11B701DE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Range</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="1768974E87071646B1CAD6E17E6E9873" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="3DAF36B24566EE6AA2285F020F726EF7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">x</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="214BAF13AC03F4A721F9C1E165B64FC1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="327490C984ADFB0FDB24EBE353231B1F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">SD</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="003C3C1663EC6C7D549CC8ED6233B1E1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="671C55499120FB5DE73A6F89CD10C1BA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Range</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="0D6B7C9FCEF70144702B579161FFE450" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="AFB470A36B1B02CE212516B616F210F7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">SVL</td>
|
||
<td id="3D3F033C441F0E6EF0BE32C09A859869" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">12.4</td>
|
||
<td id="CB3D72B88504180F5781166F04CDC0FF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.8</td>
|
||
<td id="F363C96DADE506BD38AD1B36E6B5A141" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">11.8-14.7</td>
|
||
<td id="48F2DFD12196E4B80FB9E7515ACD05C9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">14.4</td>
|
||
<td id="2D737E1ED8588599BE0814F166C906C5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="74A0E3DF07E3017C9E5B346FF12170B0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">13.9-15.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F54AACFB895D9751D601C0C4CA7E4AFB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="5B2DA51D861EE3C235C88ACBCEE696B6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">HL</td>
|
||
<td id="4C009B937C37DD555F2D74F2EEE1D689" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.7</td>
|
||
<td id="3842B2F8FC2DB1BA4C5316660506107C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="FE7EF94E995E7365CBB501EAB896C162" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.4-3.4</td>
|
||
<td id="DE144E5566F981E9FAB7F9DA522BA8ED" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.8</td>
|
||
<td id="14BDBF41038DBAB34C60500D53A26CB0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="E856882AA584CB1D34000D92D8ABCFA1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.6-2.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CCABDCC8D3206FF41D88438B41C3A2E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="CB4D736370C609E3F7CA138E6F7BA3EF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">HW</td>
|
||
<td id="51AD8DFE98AFB16E36F29359E0413320" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">5.3</td>
|
||
<td id="1005E7273F4BE064DFECACC457262DB7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="A1CC7904FFEED9F2DF8880354E473C8E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">5.0.-5.5</td>
|
||
<td id="4EB38E688D9335C2AA879D0C5BCF98DD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">5.5</td>
|
||
<td id="5181EF212BCF55D1E5F698BEDCC79F3D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="B83041C7443B19E1A1722AA3AD26887A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">5.1-5.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1F2AEEAFA4F0D6BD7F34F7A270D146F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="3F9DE8D534E772A50015A646F576D6BF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">ND</td>
|
||
<td id="871EC2E3F3448BA50BE3A8E48184456A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="B5305F9DE6F1B7A7B8A068DD78A55691" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="C9645E633C05418245A2232B9A6FF06E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.1-0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="631A1D892CDB415B39A4D3B844426BD0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="1219CDB67CE59216953502338B817998" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="FD9B9A973B86F0AE151B2067B9978F5D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.1-0.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="B56B5E813D8E85A8929D6F46AF7FB3ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="F736AFE53C2A3411A9C70D20FABA13C8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">IND</td>
|
||
<td id="B04158A0D0554CA3F00FE4CDF1F1FCD1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.6</td>
|
||
<td id="8A067092921AAF013000B2B703A3BFBF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.9</td>
|
||
<td id="DE86660B7B44F63C50CB39FD7DA47D2B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.5-1.8</td>
|
||
<td id="073E37EC4D4108FCCADD1136784D1325" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.8</td>
|
||
<td id="9817069522574901CCE023873CA237BC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="3DC5E9FA826CA8EA7EC81FFA70CE4BE5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.7-2.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="A555AC7C4C09225B22CB966C92B699A6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="08FEA357825362002E6F6E6DCC837F75" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">ED</td>
|
||
<td id="BC5B5ECE9920020BD801B9E0FB71822E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.5</td>
|
||
<td id="58AD556028695714FF24A251D5315E11" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.0</td>
|
||
<td id="F7D4FEA408BBA697C958553974B4F6AB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.8-1.2</td>
|
||
<td id="43050BB5BA6B9960C59360A33B3274A2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.6</td>
|
||
<td id="F8838C2AA1AADFA9EC58E700DEBCF7B0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="F1D8D81311BD47C05BE76E0BB3A80264" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.6-1.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="A25908835A03FB68426DD20CBAB62C62" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="7BE9A17F077D3361024F13E5C1ADB738" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">EW</td>
|
||
<td id="A646D17F560373BC3EFC4DB1F0D2590B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.9</td>
|
||
<td id="FB6653C15C694EE52AE316DE7389EFAB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="499A9420D72BC0912164060B86DFD5D6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.8-1.2</td>
|
||
<td id="72842C3995796CF851F8CC211CF443B4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.0</td>
|
||
<td id="1C1A32FB74A5740503D6995570677ACE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="4F3E21068650135FC3CB1A20574F7D23" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.9-1.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8DAC3D6575ED058CA01C5F56E151B601" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="9F3B9F83825C6774709971E5D0EC4AC9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">IOD</td>
|
||
<td id="94B4D47B68BFF1100B4127E5CC06C0DF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.1</td>
|
||
<td id="44D21F126DCD791B30180E04B452454A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="D6081AF94B460EF5E917DD7D741C29D2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.9-2.2</td>
|
||
<td id="BE3C453E2743712715510417B08C1AAF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.3</td>
|
||
<td id="FF908CE7E3904A22D8AE38E83E8126FF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="4FDE983803446839B3E7F5D2EB77F5A3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.1-2.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="468ADC1A1D4818F11A9EF2FC2831673F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="A2C3FC9B527CEB0E77B56EAF67137569" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">END</td>
|
||
<td id="3A6D2E8986B25E1CB246216D8C655654" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="282F7B902BB371416FDF3B22A2E0CB83" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="5D75DB7545EC969982E3ABB423530945" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.5-0.7</td>
|
||
<td id="D35D0E3DF2984B812E3646718235D410" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.7</td>
|
||
<td id="33D104671F72796C298D0508626A47F8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="FA5F6B8D5443CE429C10CC13C0A23DDA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.6-0.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BA75A70266E56E6895219869A70F68FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="6F23154EB27FBDD7E57BE9A97D52171E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">NSD</td>
|
||
<td id="768D04A3F31C80F19D0193C7D4E8F47E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="219A219A36DD4105DBD7DE89A6735400" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="8E9E7CDF6E70B39F17C2FF3550A34392" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.5-0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="DC057D9E0681DF1170CF85E14DA323B9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="9E3D37CD9C52D9E932BD4D3180469081" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="EA63A6AF4FBB4E322ABFD8662E5F2979" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.4-0.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35743D276D275CB20B7DD10839FC2D6E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="BE0716B72A641788B37682A0EF73EDF8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">THL</td>
|
||
<td id="34CAD541F95D8EDACC1DC83ECA6ED626" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">5.0</td>
|
||
<td id="DE4FE0F083F9557BE262DCC2E8771EC4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76E750CFBCD376B3CB7BE41F7B9E521F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">4.1-5.9</td>
|
||
<td id="B7823BFB907E1193E319D11E74487035" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">5.9</td>
|
||
<td id="78EB9482AB7A317A725E8050C53FDBAE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="18CEF645792606C5594D7E2719863724" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">5.5-6.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F258057DF83E55B9E676F3808F9C0176" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="726B11BF41BECD31A322A105121C0F4D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">SL</td>
|
||
<td id="8DABB392A734F99EBC42A72C31FCF6FE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">5.1</td>
|
||
<td id="24E703F31DDAB4559AE215C9FAC32368" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="3299DE644407424D30DEE3711589898D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">4.5-5.6</td>
|
||
<td id="728F5761AEC7D0B67921FA25B38FEBF5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">5.4</td>
|
||
<td id="92E8324C55B0A11DACAF7BF925C22E26" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="E3FFAB39E34401F8B8383FC4BA8079B9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">5.3-5.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EAF45A1F686F23D18FF9CAF67768DDCD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="30D94E6471FBF6721A2EBB308913A0FA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">FL</td>
|
||
<td id="26D3C2C0C7037CC08A54A736CEF7B4EE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">7.5</td>
|
||
<td id="FD99F2E627BE712D31FEFC50BDDD9A5F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="DD25AD883C2FA7EFFE064247EF9F8AFF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">6.8-8.5</td>
|
||
<td id="FF94368B828E575D11487D761B24EE91" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">8.2</td>
|
||
<td id="D078EE88757F522830471BB3DBC0F75D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="5816FDF6525E4A4EFB5EF602A37DC18D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">7.8-8.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E863F394E04A66FC475E764C6FEC784E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="37AADEF3589ED2C03EBBDD9C5D76D2A2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">TL</td>
|
||
<td id="D338F12B1A096ABC57ACFC8F016DB147" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.7</td>
|
||
<td id="1A7B172B1F8A62BE95DD6CFF8735C62F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="C15F522D4CDE856800978118E950F557" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.9-2.9</td>
|
||
<td id="2EE9CC29823DB2E0B080A958432B8E0B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3.1</td>
|
||
<td id="EB54C76C116D63905A56082F24F092D4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="B73091A89E86400CC640473C06BE05AC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3.0-3.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="D347940BAEF4522635A6876175099531" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="774473492986EEA4539E722B540116F2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">AL</td>
|
||
<td id="7366F3AFD2A83A4DEE630838A44DF20D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3.9</td>
|
||
<td id="7FC2FE89600B1826626AC5B28769FCB8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="C9C6B78E1756621352001AFBDE7E5676" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3.2-4.5</td>
|
||
<td id="E7140A180BB38846FE8E0518C287780A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">4.4</td>
|
||
<td id="72EC7749F64417215AE7C68C410B0961" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="41A8377E55D52E7AB8425EA03CCD0D18" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3.8-5.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4407F29BFA5EA865C1BE62520E34984F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="EA5B6C18612988F7549C4763834D9CDD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">FAL</td>
|
||
<td id="15C180E14EA153A5A588073F2BAA4333" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3.4</td>
|
||
<td id="6C00BE65E3370E270D913CBC7080F071" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="30BBAB7100CA0C12CBBB84E3D5C05C7C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.9-4.6</td>
|
||
<td id="9D0894A9368C198D0249F846E5170B1A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3.6</td>
|
||
<td id="0CA74FC7914E3EC739220796B0111263" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="3E57F1E59EAC2123B8E8E3738AC2580D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3.2-3.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5312E686A98DFA3C24BBDCB89CB75660" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="2E342E20B6D33829D2AED7B02A0E08DD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">HAL</td>
|
||
<td id="56C3CC4F11551DB4856701FF02FFD7D9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.5</td>
|
||
<td id="80659707446B2466538078235C3239A8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="70C7A9633C9F7597BB8A6CE06EA24708" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.1-3.5</td>
|
||
<td id="0C68B5DFE6588AE41DDBB1FAA1F4AFF4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.6</td>
|
||
<td id="F42155290A93E9C517853708B082550D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="42D537CF59F6F916841C30502881493B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.2.-2.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="A91BD2788ED322D93E1E1CEAE9EF263A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="5ADFB5744EEBCF7A103DD0A3C5546E32" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">FIL</td>
|
||
<td id="013941BFFE064B64ABC5FB5F2B672B92" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.4</td>
|
||
<td id="2901D6D702AF52ADE2E964E3F2201FC2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="74DAE5FC16A7D21DD7BC395F8FE49879" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.3-1.6</td>
|
||
<td id="2FC590AD1CE267F04AFD500ED1B672B3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.6</td>
|
||
<td id="BB6D998A9F1E51FCB82C4AC7FDA8E99F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="BBB877EB8565C2267666CA6486F88F0B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.4-1.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CF5C4FC3D2150554A813B93CF58F3214" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EE8C8072D21568DCF020601619E3239C" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus herculeus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herculeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1B7C68B72D2F84405D66DA3366CD8827" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus herculeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="78DD94358C6D6906973F4663A4AFDC1C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
can be distinguished from the extremely hyperossified species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4D5DBEEDDB44827993318B5D665CCDF" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B54D8203B3909274109D229CDCB1AA9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EEE1FCC52434EA01EF634AE2653C329" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="26F69661DF44A8BBC7F3B5E5D5997027" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E17E4BC9C0E4EC32EF125B5BCC8F844B" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="2395507954AD661D402D452E107D6649" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44F489A8282A63CE73C865BAB1B80DF5" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="41CA7B8005F6F15F6AF18ADE56122D92" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB25E1BB0505320FF00093C5ECD0BF6D" lsidName="B. ibitinga" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ibitinga">B. ibitinga</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F501F4207E13600224DEE5CE991ED40" lsidName="B. margaritatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="margaritatus">B. margaritatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="741128F92EAC1B27FB5463C349C9F8B8" lsidName="B. rotenbergae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rotenbergae">B. rotenbergae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) by the absence of a dorsal bony shield (which is present in those species;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D9B479A3D3E0BC98A56A86F9857CF4E5" author="Pombal, JP" journalOrPublisher="Boletim do Museu Nacional (Nova Serie, Zoologia)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 12" refId="B79" refString="Pombal, JP, 2010. A posicao taxonomica das "variedades" de Brachycephalus ephippium (Spix, 1824) descritas por Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Amphibia, Anura, Brachycephalidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional (Nova Serie, Zoologia) 526: 1 - 12" title="A posicao taxonomica das " variedades " de Brachycephalus ephippium (Spix, 1824) descritas por Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Amphibia, Anura, Brachycephalidae)." volume="526" year="2010">Pombal 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="837FDC2799730B0F7431A7F91980B1BE" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0031-10492011002800001" author="Pombal, JP" journalOrPublisher="Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="443 - 451" refId="B81" refString="Pombal, JP, Izecksohn, E, 2011. Uma nova especie de Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 51: 443 - 451, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0031-10492011002800001" title="Uma nova especie de Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) do estado do Rio de Janeiro." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0031-10492011002800001" volume="51" year="2011">Pombal and Izecksohn 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="ACCDB9BF35EB372A7DAA97A6BB8B1ED7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.2" author="Guimaraes, CS" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="327 - 344" refId="B49" refString="Guimaraes, CS, Luz, S, Rocha, PC, Feio, RN, 2017. The dark side of pumpkin toadlet: A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4258: 327 - 344, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.2" title="The dark side of pumpkin toadlet: A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, southeastern Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.2" volume="4258" year="2017">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="85984034F088EB1E715B9194A7CE3E6F" originalValue="Guimarães">Guimaraes</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="48E9C873880FC88D55E36F8D2AE910EE" DOI="http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244812" author="Nunes, I" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B72" refString="Nunes, I, Guimaraes, CS, Moura, PHAG, Pedrozo, M, Moroti, M de T, Castro, LM, Stuginski, DR, Muscat, E, 2021. Hidden by the name: A new fluorescent pumpkin toadlet from the Brachycephalus ephippium group (Anura: Brachycephalidae). PLoS ONE 16: e0244812. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244812" title="Hidden by the name: A new fluorescent pumpkin toadlet from the Brachycephalus ephippium group (Anura: Brachycephalidae). PLoS ONE 16: e 0244812." url="http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244812" year="2021">Nunes et al 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="31891088E734D1FC7761A7FAE67B0046" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-20-00031" author="Condez, TH" journalOrPublisher="Herpetologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="176 - 194" refId="B27" refString="Condez, TH, Monteiro, JPC, Malagoli, LC, Trevine, VC, Schunck, F, Garcia, PCA, Haddad, CFB, 2021. Notes of the hyperossified pumpkin toadlets of the genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) with the description of a new species. Herpetologica 77: 176 - 194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-20-00031" title="Notes of the hyperossified pumpkin toadlets of the genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) with the description of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-20-00031" volume="77" year="2021">Condez et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Further,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92C3893C90407F07F252F895F3FC4495" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus herculeus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herculeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1FC39376B5F6A7B3386627797BCC07D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus herculeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E920F8C3492F320308443AFB2B95004B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
exhibits black connective tissue scattered over the dorsal musculature (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="947021A0F1C4B7526362030BEC00D9A5" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Ventral and dorsal view of dissected preserved specimens of Brachycephalus herculeus, new species (CFBH 28130), showing scattered areas with pigmentation (dark tissue) in the dorsolateral region adjacent to the dorsal musculature, also around the line of the spinal vertebrae." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e103573.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/968232" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||
). This feature distinguishes this species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1187874DB99A9DB79EA1AE25F08EB7C8" lsidName="B. izecksohni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="izecksohni">B. izecksohni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04B878C45E53F55E1E39CB6F3E55CBA9" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="6F8149CA2CA38D63D4BDF099A027E52D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5B879DC6574E368BCA1682BDA08D3D4" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0EE9131DA7C468006FE0F201B867B5E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all of which lack this pigmentation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B13EC3F72772628475D91C92A1ECA0C0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.2" author="Guimaraes, CS" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="327 - 344" refId="B49" refString="Guimaraes, CS, Luz, S, Rocha, PC, Feio, RN, 2017. The dark side of pumpkin toadlet: A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4258: 327 - 344, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.2" title="The dark side of pumpkin toadlet: A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, southeastern Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.2" volume="4258" year="2017">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="66CA775CC85802E6C76FA345AB7332D5" originalValue="Guimarães">Guimaraes</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Regarding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A64A028123BA6F3B1ACF4A6CD2C101BC" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="781B56F1CB6AF817A4B1DBE9A107E41F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBFC22B49EE18962927A19F1D693D11E" lsidName="B. margaritatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="margaritatus">B. margaritatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, some specimens of these species were reported to present a few scattered areas with dark pigmentation in the dorsolateral region adjacent to the dorsal musculature, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22863D89FE1C3ADEEDEE9445643C0CA6" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="32FB1741053A82A804F395867EC72BA7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
there is some internal dark pigmentation around the vertebral column (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BB943A621C84F96E938A6CAF022F3F85" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.2" author="Guimaraes, CS" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="327 - 344" refId="B49" refString="Guimaraes, CS, Luz, S, Rocha, PC, Feio, RN, 2017. The dark side of pumpkin toadlet: A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4258: 327 - 344, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.2" title="The dark side of pumpkin toadlet: A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, southeastern Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.2" volume="4258" year="2017">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D078A3B2BB9621BBB53C2D8DA1889BE6" originalValue="Guimarães">Guimaraes</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="E71F4AD5EFAA81680F94BA13A6CCDD8C" doi="10.3897/vz.74.e103573.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/968232" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph id="3B6C11DE2544C2A6DE7C23963B548F5E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="224807D9B83505A9F3EE9070DF6F7B35" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral and dorsal view of dissected preserved specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AB7405890DB76B49D7B7744057614F46" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus herculeus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herculeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08EB49548CFFC8BEA72C0481C5EA80DE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus herculeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, new species (CFBH 28130), showing scattered areas with pigmentation (dark tissue) in the dorsolateral region adjacent to the dorsal musculature, also around the line of the spinal vertebrae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="302F6C2FB86C146075C8FA0F454B5E40" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The new species is easily separated from other species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92CDC346C829540A046D2912329748FF" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="7BF5201D1E61D2AF1EF47846E191C33F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group, except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03DF7DA750A3F01C0B7A9BF3A34A297F" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="5358E6496D076609C9EE5E47F528F399" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by its general color orange with a green irregular patch on the dorsum (see color pictures of other species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C21C77767DADAE6F96E7CFD2EF99C2C" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="169CEA2F109D1AB4B6688D7D84F6979A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="73D890BC0497E429FACE26B2E1C6C008" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2994/1808-9798" author="Pombal, JP" journalOrPublisher="South American Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="87 - 93" refId="B80" refString="Pombal, JP, Gasparini, JL, 2006. A new Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Rainforest of Espirito Santo, southeastern Brazil. South American Journal of Herpetology 1: 87 - 93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2994/1808-9798" title="A new Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Rainforest of Espirito Santo, southeastern Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.2994/1808-9798" volume="1" year="2006">Pombal and Gasparini 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2E14C6D3C994FEE862D8798B937FEB4B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511-43.2.212" author="Alves, ACR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="212 - 219" refId="B7" refString="Alves, ACR, Sawaya, RJ, Reis, SF, Haddad, CFB, 2009. New Species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Rain Forest in Sao Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 43: 212 - 219, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511-43.2.212" title="New Species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Rain Forest in Sao Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1670/0022-1511-43.2.212" volume="43" year="2009">Alves et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BD8D0A876F005677A54D9C190CF9EE36" author="Haddad, CDB" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B50" refString="Haddad, CDB, Toledo, LF, Prado, CPA, Loebmann, D, Gasparini, JL, Sazima, I, 2013. Guia dos anfibios da Mata Atlantica: Diversidade e biologia. Anolisbooks, Sao Paulo." title="Guia dos anfibios da Mata Atlantica: Diversidade e biologia. Anolisbooks, Sao Paulo." year="2013">Haddad et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D58DCC484F8E8A2E496929386F907DA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-13-00044" author="Condez, TH" journalOrPublisher="Herpetologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="89 - 99" refId="B24" refString="Condez, TH, Clemente-Carvalho, RBG, Haddad, CFB, dos Reis, SF, 2014. A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the highlands of the Atlantic Forest, Southeastern Brazil. Herpetologica 70: 89 - 99, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-13-00044" title="A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the highlands of the Atlantic Forest, Southeastern Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-13-00044" volume="70" year="2014">Condez et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D5BC8C091D3B66E44FD78A4161D28EB5" DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.1670/14-119" author="Clemente-Carvalho, RBG" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="169 - 178" refId="B23" refString="Clemente-Carvalho, RBG, Perez, SI, Tonhatti, CH, Condez, TH, Sawaya, RJ, Haddad, CFB, Dos Reis, SF, 2016. Boundaries of morphological and molecular variation and distribution of a miniaturized froglet, Brachycephalus nodoterga (Anura: Brachycephalidae). Journal of Herpetology 50: 169 - 178, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1670/14-119" title="Boundaries of morphological and molecular variation and distribution of a miniaturized froglet, Brachycephalus nodoterga (Anura: Brachycephalidae)." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1670/14-119" volume="50" year="2016">Clemente-Carvalho et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55168CE0292768EA76E38BD09228A511" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.3" author="Folly, M" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="265 - 294" refId="B38" refString="Folly, M, Amaral, LC, Carvalho-e-Silva, SP, Pombal, Jr JP, 2020. Rediscovery of the toadlet Brachycephalus bufonoides Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Anura: Brachycephalidae) with osteological and acoustic descriptions. Zootaxa 4819: 265 - 294, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.3" title="Rediscovery of the toadlet Brachycephalus bufonoides Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Anura: Brachycephalidae) with osteological and acoustic descriptions." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.3" volume="4819" year="2020">Folly et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Also,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44C04240CAB34ED80C589893F6660265" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="01032D778633A025D3AE500E92745BC8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="9A5AE48671CD79B8326E33EAE8B06C44" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
can be separated from the other species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95459C1B7AA27BAE82FCB666135BA388" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="666ECFDF92075058B06300BD06EED5F1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4DBC9FD28ED6C0252B47938BD74AC62" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="5DBAE5E5F0BD77E09F73D83E6C3687A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62FF668D2E96E2FAB88C29CFB1E7AAF9" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="43E27D9A8A0B9C68715A2BC3922856AC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by the presence of wart-like osteoderms on the skin of the dorsum, flanks, venter, arms, and legs (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA4F435F07A699CDE35C6934552015B0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/azo.12398" author="Folly, M" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="71 - 105" refId="B39" refString="Folly, M, Luna-Dias, C, Miguel, IR, Ferreira Jr, JC, Machado, A, Lopes, RT, Pombal, Jr, 2021a. Tiny steps towards greater knowledge: An osteological review with novel data on the Atlantic Forest toadlet of the Brachycephalus ephippium species group. Acta Zoologica 104: 71 - 105, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/azo.12398" title="Tiny steps towards greater knowledge: An osteological review with novel data on the Atlantic Forest toadlet of the Brachycephalus ephippium species group." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/azo.12398" volume="104" year="2021 a">Folly et al. 2021a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The new
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7CCC97C673D7738AA62CD6C775AAFF03" originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
|
||
dorsal aspect is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7F8BDAF9BE3946298F2C43D656191E0E" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="28FC8FEC3FCDCCDBD434EEE7B4C49E6C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which also presents greenish coloration on dorsal surfaces, but differs from the latter in that its dorsal color is leaf green (olive green in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AEC13C4D99EBB49768D11F299BA5D382" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="DEC66881087CF9694E75BBAA3133F51F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and does not extend to the flanks and to the sides of the head as it does in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61089984404951F2487A57AD2D674A49" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="2D76844F97A279D491D0F8A1C7EC9F49" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DACF0B52DB9B3B9CFC2131B3FEA12E7C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4037E943CB7D72D77F9DBACB14F3257" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus herculeus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herculeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1018559D5DA7331A55F93A56654A9CAF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus herculeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="035C380384047FB153B1C6F60EEE670E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
is the sister species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A3970B61FBF547317D3E07BB23C551E" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFE8066D59DB24891AA5C62375145EAF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
according to our molecular analysis (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F3BFE0F6E7CC15840DAF73855F93C1B0" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. The majority rule consensus tree resulting from the Bayesian Inference analysis based on the concatenated alignment of 5456 bp (four mitochondrial and three nuclear genes) showing the relationships within Brachycephalus. Sequences of the new species are highlighted in blue. Numbers associated to nodes represent Bayesian Posterior Probabilities <0.90; all other nodes were fully supported (BPP = 1.0). Voucher numbers of specimens are provided at each terminal, when available. See Table S 2 for the GenBank accession numbers." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e103573.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/968233" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
|
||
). These species exhibit some of the smallest interspecific genetic distances among all pairs of species within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E005FC4A59A39A53602A208D06F460A2" authorityName="Pombal" authorityYear="2001" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus vertebralis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vertebralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1D5219721CEF15F170E671F74DD76C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus vertebralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="07F618B1CDFB54C84E4466266A1C1FBA" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Interspecific uncorrected p - distances based on the 16 S rRNA gene for the species within the B. ephippium group. Minimum and maximum values are given as percentages (%). The number of analyzed individuals for each species (in parentheses), followed by their intraspecific distances are presented in bold." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8E368C997289D1DC424CA55D5224339E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="8E368C997289D1DC424CA55D5224339E">2</tableCitation>
|
||
). They also share a prominent pelvic region, which is externally marked as a v-shaped bulge (presumably representing the protrusion of the iliac bones underneath) whose vertex lies at the posterior end of the body and whose tips extend to the middle of the trunk on either side; this characteristic distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B40D127F4788C6162ED7AA7B1AD53C12" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus herculeus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herculeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="19A39995EB77652D554865850F17F6A1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus herculeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="156B45CD95EBD9D368349BBDC1379BB3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A76AAC67BAE7E50548A8388EDD317036" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="3CEB563192BD827B833F7E54B63557BD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the other species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93AB19EB76CFE391B6C1209053838D55" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="A32852F23F4B5E78EB01241D49653AB0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. Notwithstanding,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E95A50BF5D0D2F76C26A4133C0FA50EA" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus herculeus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herculeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="625017728E5154A11E5EA19A2CDA6535" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus herculeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E2F37F07899C4C737650A5007F9F702B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
is easily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA043F6109910597BCA461676A7270EA" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD4C9E162F7E00B547C76CD203A56D81" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of osteoderms on the skin (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D21024A72738B18E3FB97DD608CEB74B" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="633144D6944EA5B148BDFF4A672EA2FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), by its greenish dorsal color in life (orange in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="142270517EC6CD719C2329B9AA1A9376" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="A796FC6AF4C60E9D851030785EC856A7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and by the advertisement call comprised by notes with 10-12 pulses (notes with 13-17 pulses in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8318518503DA161B76F59C73C0EBDD7B" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="32ECE4A32D2355DECB852BAE2027F836" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Furthermore, in terms of osteology and internal anatomy, the new species can be also distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E61B742649B03FECA8D8323E3B697D6F" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="95836E8B8D62C57C84096C329F6AB3D6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its lateroposteriorly oriented parotic plate (posteriorly oriented in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BDF7FEDFD3A1C6E036A82E84C8301B2" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="7C90BA46AB16D98BF2CDDEB66C14F13A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), oesophageal process of hyolaryngeal cartilages longer than arytaenoids (shorter than arytenoids in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6E82C81D028DD056FA45D8AB61E223B" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="902FE9E5843ABF91B46C47D0EEFB1F9C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), absence of an elbow sesamoid (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72CB6A915504F295E5382944144CB0E0" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="7A66E9467301D2F5F30C6F77893A4ECE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), paravertebral plates not ornamented (ornamented in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="226F21F24C3D0A2DBAF82AF6A97776A4" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="97212AEC72A99665D47E917C14231543" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and dorsal crest of the urostyle extending for 2/3 of its length (extending for all its length in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="975104B2E23DA6B3D0322FFB2B997DFB" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD3ED9D7354DAA42A162930342304317" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="108500608AB7400C254B7CFF60F9E219" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.3" author="Folly, M" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="265 - 294" refId="B38" refString="Folly, M, Amaral, LC, Carvalho-e-Silva, SP, Pombal, Jr JP, 2020. Rediscovery of the toadlet Brachycephalus bufonoides Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Anura: Brachycephalidae) with osteological and acoustic descriptions. Zootaxa 4819: 265 - 294, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.3" title="Rediscovery of the toadlet Brachycephalus bufonoides Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Anura: Brachycephalidae) with osteological and acoustic descriptions." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.3" volume="4819" year="2020">Folly et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E1C5F73B5E78D78A0F171DE2126C4A1C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/azo.12398" author="Folly, M" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="71 - 105" refId="B39" refString="Folly, M, Luna-Dias, C, Miguel, IR, Ferreira Jr, JC, Machado, A, Lopes, RT, Pombal, Jr, 2021a. Tiny steps towards greater knowledge: An osteological review with novel data on the Atlantic Forest toadlet of the Brachycephalus ephippium species group. Acta Zoologica 104: 71 - 105, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/azo.12398" title="Tiny steps towards greater knowledge: An osteological review with novel data on the Atlantic Forest toadlet of the Brachycephalus ephippium species group." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/azo.12398" volume="104" year="2021 a">2021a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="8E368C997289D1DC424CA55D5224339E" ID-Table-UUID="8E368C997289D1DC424CA55D5224339E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8E368C997289D1DC424CA55D5224339E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
|
||
<paragraph id="93BF2FF259A78CB8A8206504C57929D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CB0241398338AC5C7DBBBAAFC2202D8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Interspecific uncorrected
|
||
<emphasis id="8A368D64C3818C3FC81BE728E69A7B42" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">p</emphasis>
|
||
-distances based on the 16S rRNA gene for the species within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A3645971C5DDA46A5C5C4719E52978F" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0F6DF97D17301E6A2EEC8D95B6104A7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. Minimum and maximum values are given as percentages (%). The number of analyzed individuals for each species (in parentheses), followed by their intraspecific distances are presented in bold.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="C1055511CA86AE6EDD3DA604A61F1831" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<table id="626BFEC40B6F4C10F034D34340D57171" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<tr id="25CCE2C95145E141FCEC95C8B09AF378" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="37B96A95AAB2D04653E40A7824EAC739" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="9E10E6B68AF9AA8694929123D8BF532A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="560C8276F8CDA25DE4C44042C8E4B7FD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Species</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="1398C2D6F55B48712D62C14EE33CC8C7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="3232C863368E30BCE0A42CFB9337EF45" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="93C28EAEF3742A5250D396380B23BD0A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3185908634C940D277693382212EC6D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="E63315585016B397E70E00FF2240632C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="4A6FFF25A5C07764C3CA9321B0284024" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="9B3C36333725B7A089C57EBD06C61C99" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="62064D440A9ADD29B9C0B4E421B170DE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="C4650EE35FACD1047F71ADE611F77B63" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="D3C7D746485239FDA6CFBC44A6FF207C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="2820EBAB1FB359503FF43B3CC8D4F85D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="8D5C28C661424A8F3380B2315D8D2824" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="019A3B1762DA0630A39C335857D1B1EF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="406F554C3D04496197FED17E98939F51" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="9DB401F9BCB671191D8E05C4A28DC8A4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="009D3F559210698BB49543A6BA200316" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="66238CBD0FF80E5EA291C6AEF08D2E60" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FFCF332B8A1BB687F11DAA5C5BBF291" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2BA85B11834D58BA1D417C287FFCFD53" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="6B51B2B83FDFE03FC60034E615803599" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td id="C07D82DEBD0D364F90A48400876DAB9E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="33D407989EAADC1C4A225F326FA5B0AA" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus herculeus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herculeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="66E48EC55E4A31D88AD8F844DAC8029B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus herculeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="EEFF8CF928CDDE4E17D82293DBF082CE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="B8FDBB77F1AB1083188976E6EB3A8711" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="DA2D07492C2CE7082153949949BB996D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">(11) 0.0</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="15E787971506A0CA2967DE0CD750B99B" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="A10DB24664F9C3228FECED7532C6170C" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="5694977E496608B5D7F71BB6614B3BE1" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="2A75FABD3519314E931D63100F589528" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="E60DC56F20FD032AF3D1BD376E20057E" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="D73530043CE8B15BC2EBD1705CA9064C" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="417DC7F540C0E623BDFAE4BB7FF95B2F" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0F6E2A4A8686E380B643834A2A25825E" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="77B3E37AD633874B229647B57413DC0E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="088566BF545B8391384679A4BA34FA1D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td id="D1CB783C54F9C7150A07FAF3C0A9A895" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35FD298CF52247406267993B3BDF7842" authorityName="Pombal & Gasparini" authorityYear="2006" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus alipioi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alipioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="34BDB68BEBF2E52A9D711F861F7B06D0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus alipioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="2914BE384CD80A2838430AF5E4F81A8B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.5-3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="F6C60355935A3590C696A998E6EBE329" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="CD77EE9851DB7AB156AFB72BC6995AF4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">(3) 0.0</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="EC6E09C507599CD08A0D02C59315156B" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="7033D5062383561443628C37B277D7EB" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="8AE2B880DA99A3E2DB772C72C37BFB2D" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="D559A8114C71ECEA215BA39DBFE579FC" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="2CB7739E72FD33D10F8312D48729E4C5" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="BDE9EF79C4DE3CACF1AEECD3B50118B0" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="975939C4B8DA66A791BED5FAABE9E863" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="56E862F25F42FE8DE3E7C17807A3DBAB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="50D0A8AB16A4FA1C94C6D6794051CAA0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
<td id="DA1A43C2F9485F43CE594DB222BD5FFE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11608E260A0484CC8F4CF993195316AD" authorityName="Miranda-Ribeiro" authorityYear="1920" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus bufonoides" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bufonoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="37B18308016615C282E984ACE6CD7DD1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus bufonoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="E92D12757EE9EA340E98D003083A07BB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.5-0.8</td>
|
||
<td id="A2F32EE854FBC0E822EBA441E563B287" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3.0-3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="34E45163AB61AF1466324E1478CCC345" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8DCB31849EF9CFED50BA6A564B1F50C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">(3) 0.0-0.1</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="3F0EF4957682B8C5D0F77C3B53E806EA" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="C34A9625E44D461BCD2FFA43879A421C" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="B8B12C67D1BB233B3C8AE6AC865D77B5" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="31A0D09205895D51E05153BFD4560879" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="DFD6E5681BD689AFF21E5302206958F8" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="E708CACF1C501C8305308ACB1E8F8B3E" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C2788383A2C0A0F5E5D24D8F5BE17685" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="0C49A16FFB9389D42FB7F71BB4EC9CDA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
||
<td id="4B8A068576214D44CE6FE139BB5B4D9A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB2A94F043AFF872E68846ED8B5F8982" authorityName="Condez, Clemente-Carvalho, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2014" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus crispus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crispus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CC4B2938D6DFA10B1D513670441A3B30" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus crispus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="702EB77229ACA256CEE72F2AA6C2A835" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.8-4.0</td>
|
||
<td id="BF7C650110D8BF5F92EBDC19DE16E0E2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.9-3.5</td>
|
||
<td id="7DD8A6728801DBE12C667BBC867AFE2A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">4.2-5.1</td>
|
||
<td id="E7E6B369FDEFFD4990EEDCC3467392AA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="ED4CAEA1BD8F3AAB3ED77D4B4436201B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">(2) 0.1</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="2CAA58BCCD32BE0C45DDC5CCAB2BE910" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="B9D5A27A182C31B0E0E2F62437AA5394" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="4E770B25978242E4FED86552B8D272A0" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="C342B95A36DAE6DAFB3B897CC4B943C1" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="763B257602E93997B0C37B566F5FCD74" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90E6FE5AC6F7220D032B4D0CB11D91FE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="F74EAA469F4F61D4F7269A3C4D78B9CB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">5</td>
|
||
<td id="072F66FA2EAE5A2972012BB37797EFA3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00EE2EA6FDB545003666863E019E75F7" authorityName="Clemente-Carvalho, Giaretta, Condez, Haddad & Reis" authorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus guarani" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guarani">
|
||
<emphasis id="34C2956B14F19B16C46A66E025C0283D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus guarani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="DDA0A15B819AF3C3B2E4BE9FE15B5F2C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3.2-4.9</td>
|
||
<td id="52F55525F861A1488A629EADDF8B14D9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.1-3.1</td>
|
||
<td id="6D9F41CD919EC817A51A2E8E4DEFA2D4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">4.1-5.1</td>
|
||
<td id="9B0987799550960ABC68BB74466ACA5A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.3-1.3</td>
|
||
<td id="53C65F1FD61FDE228A6F831427EE2D5C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="422CA8A6D96FC8C1D0BB55EAE7C715D4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">(3) 0.0-0.1</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="256BFCD1EDBB29FDA2341DC31A265E9C" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="7359852DB03B9EB094C6523FF221BF13" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0175454AD33B3C2EE95722428D97DA10" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="CBEED1DE0E9E71D02AF53EA03DAD37F9" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="47A3ABA5046EB6B54060BF6520D8C304" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="8A68952A8B89C1716D4292864F9F73E3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">6</td>
|
||
<td id="FB0443BC42B952834AD23FE9118C9C78" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0818D9DE6737A6B28F1EFB820D521B0" authorityName="Miranda-Ribeiro" authorityYear="1920" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus nodoterga" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nodoterga">
|
||
<emphasis id="28C3BD3F86C90DCE51A7940E0C01A543" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus nodoterga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="6E6161D738BCDC6E1495548166E192A0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3.0-4.3</td>
|
||
<td id="C35467A3B1CEB309EC5EEA7570F1FE42" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.0-2.8</td>
|
||
<td id="178D003474AE195BE19C124F672C1430" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">4.0-4.6</td>
|
||
<td id="850B0E27A5C3D5914F5846B7FBC38092" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.7-2.7</td>
|
||
<td id="5AAEFD227B01FC2D93D820CD0EBCACFD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.8-2.9</td>
|
||
<td id="F3C5A15151E1C3E27D9EDF846F2D52A7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="0471287527D064D59833429899105E08" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">(6) 0.0-0.1</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="47659BDB8A59C31C4B6C941A4817B86E" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="C7C443EBACB8F7B6B1FE60CA943BD34D" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="D818F70FB081465E068F6CB670F2C05B" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="25B3FF185791B1E1889FE6E2D44938C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="3DE8C984458A2BE6C4EABBE77F4334E5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">7</td>
|
||
<td id="48EE0825AF6450503F292CC85D3C9D97" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05EB0E6500A82F0A56CC9BDAEC77DAA1" authorityName="Alves, Sawaya, Reis & Haddad" authorityYear="2009" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus pitanga" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pitanga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B46E4126D7FFB79F95567C7CB43D2EBA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus pitanga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="EF05CFE18644433222C009A5D1D25644" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.8-4.0</td>
|
||
<td id="B949A9F0F8C8237627CF9641CFB615E8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.2-2.4</td>
|
||
<td id="AB65047B85E316A047D3763CBA8D8E20" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">4.0-4.2</td>
|
||
<td id="3FCAF88BCB9218539CDD185EBFDAE0C7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.0-0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="9D7EDCA4B0DC2AB271A648163070B8EB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="1116A8F322FAE1CF4B8968E56E105068" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.6-2.1</td>
|
||
<td id="81314C16C16932F3E30899FC7734BE1A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="3D2E9506EA760F0953CFD64EC9AA1C6E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">(2) 0.0</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="DB1D90057A0D4A78474FB285F902875A" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="B83555AD34E8782A5F484F9941F20803" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="154C54744A6AA8A0AFFF760A982A43AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="B70F0E408FB9713EABE092E828442AA4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">8</td>
|
||
<td id="68091CE616E33B407CCE7D310BCFF340" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFD96D585BF06B478F0B1D0210A8D0F6" authorityName="Haddad, Alves, Clemente-Carvalho & Reis" authorityYear="2010" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus toby" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="toby">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8A911B68D339CF8696C7F34F999643C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus toby</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="EA132F5C9AC558E76E03FA85C18554C0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3.2-4.3</td>
|
||
<td id="4DA318D998C7DBCA1D3F9C7E54F198E8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.9-2.4</td>
|
||
<td id="E2519A167ED78444750DFA00BFB90AE1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3.9-4.1</td>
|
||
<td id="6370F7D8F914B5BE2600174EEC3F5809" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.5-2.3</td>
|
||
<td id="C9347FFD5520EDD5FC716C52AFF0BCEC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.6-1.8</td>
|
||
<td id="45E04AFF7C15E27C94525C560203A212" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.3-0.7</td>
|
||
<td id="9B578645C80E97C9049737C7962167C8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.5-1.7</td>
|
||
<td id="2206F91B4B1DE3E3295A7D7DBC0893FC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="3874176245B47AB33610864ED1392C5E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">(3) 0.0</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="B8F17E557AE666464383A2D74647466A" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8129290CC8FDC4059F64F8BC3550BE12" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="0DA20378ED4ABA38BD9F19D6CBBE931C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">9</td>
|
||
<td id="A95DC414A22EDC72CDD06516555BA476" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30476B0A97A01B52C1DC0CFEE5698528" authorityName="Pombal" authorityYear="2001" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus vertebralis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vertebralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8241D8E56C2A0D42177BDFD8B466018" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus vertebralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="9678C214213DCFBEF71F51ACE05AA33F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">2.8-3.8</td>
|
||
<td id="EF78EF88758A69C9445266ED4C333EEA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.9-2.5</td>
|
||
<td id="EB5C09126277A18C918317560EAB7B16" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">3.6-4.0</td>
|
||
<td id="FA1E027CE7AB38D6883974E4EFC3E947" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.1-1.4</td>
|
||
<td id="925FC7AA708AC2B3A3974AEEA660A4C9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.1-1.3</td>
|
||
<td id="0FCDC15444BB9EA879297BA11D0CCDB9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.3-2.1</td>
|
||
<td id="250C9BFB693FC2B084927E9CCCC630B4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">0.6-0.8</td>
|
||
<td id="BC5AF8447420E195836CBF797F039980" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">1.2-1.3</td>
|
||
<td id="887CB503450BC6A0F909F828FC670E2D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="75A3749BCD6E32C503EF6865A9DE977C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">(4) 0.0</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="770BAF335F0428415C18ECEDA4F4FF79" doi="10.3897/vz.74.e103573.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/968233" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph id="A06AD88812E422A94933F8C0D9FE4A9B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F6AF95A1FE66DE0B291C6576D697E3D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
The majority rule consensus tree resulting from the Bayesian Inference analysis based on the concatenated alignment of 5456 bp (four mitochondrial and three nuclear genes) showing the relationships within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75451AE483B295A2D5FD0391C7AF3BA7" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CAA83DC054EE0BEEE9845D34D50CF5B3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Sequences of the new species are highlighted in blue. Numbers associated to nodes represent Bayesian Posterior Probabilities <0.90; all other nodes were fully supported (BPP = 1.0). Voucher numbers of specimens are provided at each terminal, when available. See Table S2 for the GenBank accession numbers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5C7C7F11CA96B55F031B234A5EF696EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D8D87D3D05685D5A593BCC31E4657279" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description of the holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="47E55B8AB675B7D4822B04ACA98B1999" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Adult male; head wider than long (HL/HW = 0.42%); head length approximately 18% of SVL; snout short, with length equivalent to 77% of eye diameter, rounded in lateral and dorsal views; nostrils protuberant, oriented posterolaterally; canthus rostralis distinct and straight; loreal region weakly concave; mouth nearly sigmoid; eye slightly protruding in dorsal and lateral views, eye diameter 60% of HL; tympanum absent; choanae relatively small and round; vomerine odontophores absent. Upper arm around 78% of forearm length; length of upper arm plus forearm 58% of SVL; hand 58% of upper-arm length; fingers III and IV distinct; fingers II and V vestigial; tip of finger III rounded, tip of finger IV slightly pointed; finger III smaller than finger IV; metacarpal tubercles absent. Tibia slightly shorter than thigh (TL/THL = 0.90); thigh and tibia 86% of SVL; foot longer than thigh (FL/THL = 0.76); toe I externally absent and toe V vestigial; toes II, III, and IV distinct; toe II reduced; tip of toes II and III rounded, tip of Toe-IV pointed; relative length of toes II <III <IV; metatarsal tubercles absent. Skin on dorsum, flanks, venter, and dorsal and ventral surface of legs and forearms with warty appearance, due to the presence of osteoderms; granular skin on ventrolateral surfaces of body and area around the cloacal opening.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="168AC8EDC209F271E3D41371D8DF6219" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D17D93444F7A06C73D4704DBC0EAB825" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Measurements of holotype (in mm).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E824074A6BB0510AEFBDE1DB51B5291" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">SVL 13.4; HL 2.5; HW 6.0; ND 0.1; IND 1.7; ED 1.5; EW 1.1; IOD 2.2; END 0.7; NSD 0.4; THL 6.1; SL 5.5; FL 8.1; TL 2.8; AL 4.4; FAL 3.4; HAL 2.5; FIL 1.3.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0B4B3163BD87CE2869FC133615C59E66" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="coloration of holotype in preservative (fig. 1)">
|
||
<paragraph id="813849F8BA5B3E9E77799266D476140A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coloration of holotype in preservative (Fig. 1).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1376A26CA36D97AD144D95297E1BE779" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Forearms and legs gray; hands, feet, arms, lateral and ventral sides of the body beige; two contiguous dorsal paired dark gray marks bordering the vertebral column; scattered whitish warts (osteoderms) on the dorsum, flanks, arms, and legs; a cream line below each eye.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2B493790284AE6522E62ABDBD0AEEC71" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="color in life (fig. 4)">
|
||
<paragraph id="0C76E8DAF4E543E5AC17269626469681" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Color in life (Fig. 4).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6A1B545A45260EDD480A12FB8BDA3461" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
General background color orange; central area of head and dorsum and dorsal part of thighs and shanks green. Osteoderms, appearing as light yellow
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1DFF2FF67FB11F6E168B0B0B14C393E4" originalValue="“warts”">"warts"</normalizedToken>
|
||
distributed throughout most of the body and limbs. Hands, feet, elbows, knees, and ankles orange. Ventral surface of body bright yellow. Eyes entirely black, with no visible delimitation between pupil and iris.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1627A05E7BD0C107F6E6BCDDE2E34C4A" doi="10.3897/vz.74.e103573.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/968234" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph id="CA6D49F18051A5B6F5DC83D22E136507" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="C6A42FFBA53D4559FFED2A31FADF3C20" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Four specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2A283EC8F0A60FC3FCFD7C2F87B76D36" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus herculeus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herculeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C3E99851BBAE48401345BFEB317E5EC2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus herculeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, new species, in life. Photographs by C. F. D. Rocha (
|
||
<emphasis id="3E911761D1AB71FBA3D629A4F8DF22FB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
), C. F. B. Haddad (
|
||
<emphasis id="E3EF890B0C1CCC1EFDF6408A1504A782" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
) and T. H. Condez (
|
||
<emphasis id="D9CDB677C34F29197427C953B0400E97" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B2C529211C8BCCC3ABC02CF121513C6C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F3BF63B26A98354F83F6E135AEFE598F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph id="214D94956522BB9D2B2BEA5BA7B7C247" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="094A4B26C5D3EE35663F34E7E1C31073" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Morphometric variation is given in Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="36C05243FE03767395FEFE5472145C02" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Measurements (in millimeters) of specimens of Brachycephalus herculeus sp. nov. Abbreviations are mean (x); standard deviation (SD); snout-vent length (SVL); head length (HL); head width (HW); nostril diameter (ND); internostril distance (IND); eye diameter (ED); eyelid width (EW); interorbital distance (IOD); eye-nostril distance (END); nostril-tip of snout distance (NSD); thigh length (THL); shank length (SL); foot length (FL); Toe-III length (TL); arm length (AL); forearm length (FAL); hand length (HAL); and Finger-IV length (FIL)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2C9969D3A281A4D61BA319EE054AC861" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="2C9969D3A281A4D61BA319EE054AC861">1</tableCitation>
|
||
. On average, females (SVL = 14.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9DA4A1A93416D047463612CDC931E54E" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.4 mm; 13.9-15.2 mm, n = 9) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07D4969CA77959D3D2FECF840F07BB8A" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="7C59946480061A77A90C185373CC8541" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are larger (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="32566033BDD1965C31F0BD520872C711" originalValue="Welch’s">Welch's</normalizedToken>
|
||
t-test, t = 4.6443, df = 15.579, p <0.0003) than males (SVL = 12.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="56E0131DFB0A72664C82BE7CB5584E6C" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.1 mm; 11.8-14.7 mm, n = 11). Semicircular or rounded snout in dorsal view and rounded in lateral view. The density of osteoderms in the skin may vary among individuals, but osteoderms are always less numerous on the mid-dorsal and mid-ventral regions and practically absent on the dorsum of head and gular region (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="EF076EF198F0028F9854C649149FC19A" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Four specimens of Brachycephalus herculeus, new species, in life. Photographs by C. F. D. Rocha (A), C. F. B. Haddad (B) and T. H. Condez (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e103573.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/968234" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<figureCitation id="45DDC848E7C7CA37B6B68C858E5356C5" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Ventral variation in preserved specimens of Brachycephalus herculeus, new species. A CFBH 28124 (male; SVL 12.0 mm), B CFBH 28132 (female; SVL 14.1 mm), C MNRJ 52718 (female; SVL 15.2 mm), and D CFBH 28136 (female; SVL 15.1 mm). Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e103573.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/968236" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spinal plates weakly to well-delimited externally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="0C9E13BB40AEC60E7F609F112AC2083A" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal variation in preserved specimens of Brachycephalus herculeus, new species. A CFBH 28124 (male; SVL 12.0 mm), B CFBH 28129 (male; SVL 12.2 mm), C CFBH 28135 (male; SVL 12.3 mm), D MNRJ 52721 (male; SVL 11.8 mm), E MNRJ 42409 (male; SVL 12.0 mm), F MNRJ 52718 (female; SVL 15.2 mm), G CFBH 28132 (female; SVL 14.1 mm), H CFBH 28136 (female; SVL 15.1 mm), and I CFBH 28138 (female; SVL 14.4 mm). Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e103573.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/968235" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
|
||
). In preservative, dorsal and lateral surfaces of body can be cream to gray, varying especially on the head and limbs. A dissected preserved specimen (CFBH 28130), show scattered areas with pigmentation (dark tissue) in the dorsolateral region adjacent to the dorsal musculature, also around the line of the spinal vertebrae (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="19D16A76CBA03CC08E8DC4DB7CD8F566" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Ventral and dorsal view of dissected preserved specimens of Brachycephalus herculeus, new species (CFBH 28130), showing scattered areas with pigmentation (dark tissue) in the dorsolateral region adjacent to the dorsal musculature, also around the line of the spinal vertebrae." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e103573.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/968232" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The visibility of black connective tissue scattered over the dorsal musculature is externally represented, in most specimens (70% of the type-series), by paired contiguous dorsal dark gray marks bordering the vertebral column (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="47B2457E5207DE7D847BD1FB87A3BE79" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal variation in preserved specimens of Brachycephalus herculeus, new species. A CFBH 28124 (male; SVL 12.0 mm), B CFBH 28129 (male; SVL 12.2 mm), C CFBH 28135 (male; SVL 12.3 mm), D MNRJ 52721 (male; SVL 11.8 mm), E MNRJ 42409 (male; SVL 12.0 mm), F MNRJ 52718 (female; SVL 15.2 mm), G CFBH 28132 (female; SVL 14.1 mm), H CFBH 28136 (female; SVL 15.1 mm), and I CFBH 28138 (female; SVL 14.4 mm). Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e103573.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/968235" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="8A68F6C646BF8D95EF6DBD2923B35605" doi="10.3897/vz.74.e103573.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/968235" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph id="284CF650242AC24E7A5DB3B994D43FAD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B85D121D8E640C31652C39C6E178B093" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal variation in preserved specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B951E59475C6D0D4ADA4A19536525A01" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus herculeus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herculeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8060A3D770D22DFE445C0DA084C4899" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus herculeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, new species.
|
||
<emphasis id="60F517C22D1D78F1022C6ADE54CADF1C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
CFBH 28124 (male; SVL 12.0 mm),
|
||
<emphasis id="68270CB6735B81EAEDC1F5D7E4CFBE4F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
CFBH 28129 (male; SVL 12.2 mm),
|
||
<emphasis id="4D05425BE0625F400529945AEAC7C091" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
CFBH 28135 (male; SVL 12.3 mm),
|
||
<emphasis id="FEA73DD050B770CDDFC0F4D13882ACDE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
MNRJ 52721 (male; SVL 11.8 mm),
|
||
<emphasis id="F5372E5EAE062C7B050533868C77D615" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
MNRJ 42409 (male; SVL 12.0 mm),
|
||
<emphasis id="B9DD22B244D6E039A05931CBEB44E3C2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
MNRJ 52718 (female; SVL 15.2 mm),
|
||
<emphasis id="582B1E1F68A361ABB6EB09EA257E275C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||
CFBH 28132 (female; SVL 14.1 mm),
|
||
<emphasis id="1CEF6EBE7F44E8DB41F3F4541DC5E805" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||
CFBH 28136 (female; SVL 15.1 mm), and
|
||
<emphasis id="C4CE267C1497D6B5F1A147CA2F4D8611" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
|
||
CFBH 28138 (female; SVL 14.4 mm). Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="17725D5CFC548206282E375FAFEEE108" doi="10.3897/vz.74.e103573.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/968236" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8312027BE7E1D324C758FB7F294876EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FDD024E96B1095482AF0C06780E0F1C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral variation in preserved specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AB763962577D9ED6DDD85FD8FC85D87" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus herculeus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herculeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B189D7F7B9F4C637256D611BBE5408A4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus herculeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, new species.
|
||
<emphasis id="8C82B675A3E6A3E2CA178D5B7D1901EE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
CFBH 28124 (male; SVL 12.0 mm),
|
||
<emphasis id="75D7E7B0B877A3E02E149E89DEB96752" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
CFBH 28132 (female; SVL 14.1 mm),
|
||
<emphasis id="A8A193B106A7D165B6D001A897CBD89E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
MNRJ 52718 (female; SVL 15.2 mm), and
|
||
<emphasis id="6EDDFC8073E410505085776E389D0FA5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
CFBH 28136 (female; SVL 15.1 mm). Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5CA4A2C2842FD4C7C2307BD4D41CF72B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C51FD3B2533057C501CDED623C82BC7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution (Fig. 7).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="923F33F8B2E1A84590B7379355130FDE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E2B712AC8D919128EC8CF38D443B238" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus herculeus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herculeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="202013EC92718A5EB9D59A58982810C3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus herculeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="3BF2FEC27C96184249DFC253FEAB02BC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
, is known only from the type-locality, the Parque Estadual do Desengano, in the municipality of Santa Maria Madalena, state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. This site is located within the northern portion of the Serra do Mar Mountain Range.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="149AB8D970D9E5B428216C138ABA972E" doi="10.3897/vz.74.e103573.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/968237" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph id="0B26A4D23D8EE7F6AE1AF4975B4C321F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B23048A0061E7BE8917C0E711CFA334" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Geographic distribution of the hyperossified species within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF9E015BDE10895F324FF585942A8A3" authorityName="Pombal" authorityYear="2001" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus vertebralis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vertebralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5A2F978FF1F6BD6791CCADBA93FAE119" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus vertebralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group. Note the occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6E189D778AAE7EB56520A38B6E704C6" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus herculeus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herculeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D140420D80A50DD69AEF28830F3B1C9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus herculeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, new species, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CE7DC69CDE2E8509EFE3C70BF2AD1D6C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph id="497327E7444E2BB9BF189D3F5D318A54" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DB39477F7FD6FEF7D72F71BFB5955AE8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The new species lives amidst the leaf-litter and can be found active during the day. Most individuals were found hidden amidst the leaf-litter, under fallen trunks, and among roots. The holotype and paratype (MNRJ 42407) were collected on the ground, during nocturnal surveys. The holotype was collected using quadrat sampling (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2B3E2831762C485982E11AFFFD03864D" author="Siqueira, CC" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="131 - 137" refId="B92" refString="Siqueira, CC, Vrcibradic, D, Almeida-Gomes, M, Menezes, VA, Borges-Junior, VNT, Hatano, FH, Pontes, JAL, Goyannes-Araujo, P, Guedes, DM, Van Sluys, M, Rocha, CFD, 2011. Species composition and density estimates of the anurofauna of a site within the northernmost large Atlantic Forest remnant (Parque Estadual do Desengano) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Biota Neotropica 11: 131 - 137" title="Species composition and density estimates of the anurofauna of a site within the northernmost large Atlantic Forest remnant (Parque Estadual do Desengano) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." volume="11" year="2011">Siqueira et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and thus may have been disturbed by the revolving of the leaf litter during the survey, so it is uncertain if it was active at night. The latter specimen may also have been found inactive under a decomposing leaf at the time. Paratype (MNRJ 42409) was found during the afternoon (at 1500 h) inside a bromeliad (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3F20EE56841B026C469A98BBDDB2F671" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Vriesea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vriesea" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F62B639992B80C47E175AFA34EABF49C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vriesea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.) that was attached to a tree stump, ca. 80 cm from the ground. The specimens collected in 2011, during the rainy season, were on sloping terrain bordering trails in the forest. Males were not observed exposed when calling. An amplectant pair was found hidden under the leaf-litter in February 2011, during the morning after a rainy night. When exposed, the male changed its axillary amplexus to inguinal, as described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="623A82674F94DA5A4E93A6C5DD771599" lsidName="B. rotenbergae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rotenbergae">B. rotenbergae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2475706B80F1A40643D54EA771F8374A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1564972" author="Pombal, JP." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="519 - 519" refId="B82" refString="Pombal, JP., Sazima, I, Haddad, CFB, 1994. Breeding behavior of the pumpkin toadlet, Brachycephalus ephippium (Brachycephalidae). Journal of Herpetology 28: 519 - 519, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1564972" title="Breeding behavior of the pumpkin toadlet, Brachycephalus ephippium (Brachycephalidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1564972" volume="28" year="1994">Pombal et al., 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, where it was called
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B14D435C309284599587AA4065C48AAD" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="4AB79A4FE73AF7976BE34ACDF5DDAA12" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the pair moved away looking for shelter. Minutes after having hidden among the leaf litter, the female left the place and the male remained immobile. No eggs were found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C4941D982E7B9920A0BC17EC39DAEC5B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="advertisement call (fig. 8)">
|
||
<paragraph id="7001987C7D03B9CBE4F1ECE089C25840" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Advertisement call (Fig. 8).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="71B500AACA7D04842D5ABFAE7B058CC1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The advertisement call of the new species is characterized by one pulsed note repeated in sequence, at a rate of 2.5-2.7 notes/s (2.6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4C06FB061CC4BDABB2FD94AB85D75104" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.08 s; n = 60; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8708B9899925F88F0C77870659192B71" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Advertisement call of Brachycephalus herculeus, new species (FNJV 58774), recorded at Parque Estadual do Desengano, municipality of Santa Maria Madalena, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 23 February 2011, at 16: 00 p. m., air temperature 20.1 ° C, relative air humidity 88 %. A Spectrogram (above) and oscillogram (low quality; below) of four consecutive calls (or notes), B Spectrogram (above) and oscillogram (low quality; below) of one pulsed call (or note)." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e103573.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/968238" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Call repetition may last for minutes and suggests a long period of calling activity. The call (or note) has a duration of 0.21-0.33 s (0.25
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F490EB6440C9AE24E1D2E8AD30006E14" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.05 s; n = 60) and the inter-call (or inter-note) interval is 0.19-0.20 s (0.19
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8942B0C92C7868C2428EDEEB3DC6CC8E" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.00 s; n = 80) long. Notes are comprised of 10-12 pulses (11.0
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D8CA5482115A6F50446BBE63EB82883E" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.0; n = 60), with each pulse lasting 0.02
|
||
<normalizedToken id="85E72FB0CC8ABA8A1410A71441703F39" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.00 s (n = 60), and the pulse repetition rate is 27-31 pulses/s (29.0
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FC50292A62407C61712ACEDDAC92501F" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.70 pulses/s; n = 60). The lower frequency range is 3.7-4.3 kHz (3.9
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A30DCACB8F14599392AFE111B7A620FA" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.26 kHz; n = 60), that of the upper frequency is 6.0-6.4 kHz (6.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="295D140428CCE4F98506AA2E292D35D0" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.17 kHz; n = 60), and that of the dominant frequency is 4.5-5.1 kHz (4.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A94B10CDB0C24A3DEF5F2E79B7A9F516" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.24 kHz; n = 60).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="96FD4C0A7F41DFE1D94C4340C92D345A" doi="10.3897/vz.74.e103573.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/968238" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph id="4032974CF416A0C5DECC9D0ABF266CAE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="1F1E3F9ACFE4E99FA0E03DCC804447F0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3745DAB0600EB8156A7989AEA7731E7" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus herculeus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herculeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DAB4E87DBCE6D853E9E2DDDA3654F6D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus herculeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, new species (FNJV 58774), recorded at Parque Estadual do Desengano, municipality of Santa Maria Madalena, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 23 February 2011, at 16:00 p.m., air temperature 20.1°C, relative air humidity 88%.
|
||
<emphasis id="53B3837105E23D0705D4963337BC6D7C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
Spectrogram (above) and oscillogram (low quality; below) of four consecutive calls (or notes),
|
||
<emphasis id="97C77506A434E0E3C3EDEF16FD79958F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
Spectrogram (above) and oscillogram (low quality; below) of one pulsed call (or note).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="166F9BF3A86877DD6B7E730B07100C29" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The main structure of the advertisement call of the new species, characterized by one note repeated in sequence, commonly comprised of 10-12 pulses, distinguishes it from the advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B301CEEC05AE4521E1A5E781FCADEDF7" lsidName="B. actaeus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="actaeus">B. actaeus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5F60CCFC54EDB0FF53FD052870F396CE" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="F18BA85312FF2ECC28F5C8A3D799CFF4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC2C994F6B33734AE0848EE3820701E9" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="EDC2FA5B83E15CC2B267F0CA1F142006" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4667E843694156D3BF2ED127A099E3CA" lsidName="B. mirissimus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mirissimus">B. mirissimus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8FE32298E073CDA6151A71328DF306DB" lsidName="B. olivaceus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="olivaceus">B. olivaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44BA7982D636D9012D2C7F8CC3DA1FE8" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="11D3D3847D562C2C7FAC039F813CB703" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6256C33EC1F0482B54DEC1D606C38DF7" lsidName="B. quiririensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="quiririensis">B. quiririensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B1C9A29C60BC2BE4E35B56CB4A4EA6C" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="0EB6D9B7F0551EDB22C1D9E9EE42109D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in which the notes are comprised of 1-4 pulses;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="500024E40A477863F89B2AAA2E611441" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4407.4.2" author="Monteiro, JP" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="483 - 505" refId="B68" refString="Monteiro, JP, Condez, TH, Garcia, PCA, Comitti, EJ, Amaral, IB, Haddad, CFB, 2018a. A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) from the coast of Santa Catarina State, southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Zootaxa 4407: 483 - 505, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4407.4.2" title="A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) from the coast of Santa Catarina State, southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4407.4.2" volume="4407" year="2018 a">Monteiro et al. 2018a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7407418F11FDD272EA85A58C975C1D4B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4415.1.10" author="Monteiro, JP" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="183 - 188" refId="B69" refString="Monteiro, JP, Condez, TH, Garcia, PCA, Haddad, CFB, 2018b. The advertisement calls of two species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Zootaxa 4415: 183 - 188, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4415.1.10" title="The advertisement calls of two species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4415.1.10" volume="4415" year="2018 b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4051113078D74E42795495EC1CBC66E3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5273" author="Bornschein, MR" journalOrPublisher="Check List" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B13" refString="Bornschein, MR, Ribeiro, LF, Rollo, MM, Confetti, AE, Pie, MR, 2018. Advertisement call of Brachycephalus albolineatus (Anura: Brachycephalidae). PeerJ 6: e5273. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5273" title="Advertisement call of Brachycephalus albolineatus (Anura: Brachycephalidae). PeerJ 6: e 5273." url="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5273" year="2018">Bornschein et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="ED7D4F90A7472B618535CB4E99F42488" DOI="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5683" author="Pie, MR" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B78" refString="Pie, MR, Ribeiro, LF, Confetti, AE, Nadaline, MJ, Bornschein, MR, 2018. A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Brazil. PeerJ 6: e5683. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5683" title="A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Brazil. PeerJ 6: e 5683." url="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5683" year="2018">Pie et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9EB3B107F68E9EA5BB5DC1FADE6E40C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v18i1p3-12" author="Bornschein, MR" journalOrPublisher="Phyllomedusa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="3 - 12" refId="B14" refString="Bornschein, MR, Rollo, MM, Pie, MR, Confetti, AE, Ribeiro, LF, 2019. Redescription of the advertisement call of Brachycephalus tridactylus (Anura: Brachycephalidae). Phyllomedusa 18: 3 - 12, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v18i1p3-12" title="Redescription of the advertisement call of Brachycephalus tridactylus (Anura: Brachycephalidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v18i1p3-12" volume="18" year="2019">Bornschein et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F08ACAE27E6C02876364C2ABE6B57491" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="38FBDD8900F5444E423B6C57410E7D0B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(notes comprised of 4-7 pulses;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3B9AA8929D9492023342B2239D2C7475" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4083.1.2" author="Condez, TH" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="40 - 56" refId="B26" refString="Condez, TH, Monteiro, JP, Comitti, EJ, Garcia, PC, Amaral, IB, Haddad, CF, 2016. A new species of flea-toad (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Zootaxa 4083: 40 - 56, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4083.1.2" title="A new species of flea-toad (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4083.1.2" volume="4083" year="2016">Condez et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACF7E52B95B17527F21CEDC25F76ABB4" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="DE9AA0A3F7189119161CEA2B88468A8C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(notes comprised of 6-8 pulses;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6538C3AFA146753E153CB49A37F3D052" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.2" author="Guimaraes, CS" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="327 - 344" refId="B49" refString="Guimaraes, CS, Luz, S, Rocha, PC, Feio, RN, 2017. The dark side of pumpkin toadlet: A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4258: 327 - 344, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.2" title="The dark side of pumpkin toadlet: A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, southeastern Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.2" volume="4258" year="2017">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C1964545EA3860E3B7EEA776B98AB7B4" originalValue="Guimarães">Guimaraes</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Additionally, the dominant frequency of the advertisement call in the new species, ranging from 4.5-5.1 kHz (average of 4.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B695EFAF7F2CD3C890D8A973B27D293D" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.24 kHz) is also distinct from the ones described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F339B83E8943A6DB51A4A4A8BD1B81AC" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="34B664DD5948971D493DFF0A985F78ED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(average of 6.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="201FFB93BE7DA4831210DFA8640A0C89" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.24 kHz;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8BABD57861BBD597A187FD548E636B5D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1670/07-287.1" author="Verdade, VK" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="542 - 549" refId="B101" refString="Verdade, VK, Rodrigues, MT, Cassimiro, J, Pavan, D, Liou, M, Lange, MC, 2008. Advertisement call, vocal activity, and geographic distribution of Brachycephalus hermogenesi (Giaretta & Sawaya, 1998) (Anura, Brachycephalidae). Journal of Herpetology 42: 542 - 549, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1670/07-287.1" title="Advertisement call, vocal activity, and geographic distribution of Brachycephalus hermogenesi (Giaretta & Sawaya, 1998) (Anura, Brachycephalidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1670/07-287.1" volume="42" year="2008">Verdade et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0D340C91AAFD7E28312B8DA9C7FC6838" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="285DF4E32ED62DEA416C3D49EC01CC57" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(6.2-7.2 kHz, average of 6.7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A8C542244671155EA66562A113BC2FDA" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3 kHz;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE343C515F6D5F9D350E0EA1FD4B601F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4083.1.2" author="Condez, TH" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="40 - 56" refId="B26" refString="Condez, TH, Monteiro, JP, Comitti, EJ, Garcia, PC, Amaral, IB, Haddad, CF, 2016. A new species of flea-toad (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Zootaxa 4083: 40 - 56, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4083.1.2" title="A new species of flea-toad (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4083.1.2" volume="4083" year="2016">Condez et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AF9B3AC8FD03D8C3182F2FC244145E88" lsidName="B. olivaceus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="olivaceus">B. olivaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(6.4-7.0 kHz, average of 6.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E8CE5D4BFEF3EFB83C80A9E60D34BB32" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.2 kHz;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6AF54B89616719E63423339DE09521FC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4415.1.10" author="Monteiro, JP" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="183 - 188" refId="B69" refString="Monteiro, JP, Condez, TH, Garcia, PCA, Haddad, CFB, 2018b. The advertisement calls of two species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Zootaxa 4415: 183 - 188, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4415.1.10" title="The advertisement calls of two species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4415.1.10" volume="4415" year="2018 b">Monteiro et al. 2018b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71C7508B073A031956416679FF068718" lsidName="B. quiririensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="quiririensis">B. quiririensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(6.2-6.5 kHz, average of 6.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="75C4E3E41F1830155EA27F2B02F20A92" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.2 kHz;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D45FA3342EC35C9A9E3AE8EFC6762A8F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4415.1.10" author="Monteiro, JP" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="183 - 188" refId="B69" refString="Monteiro, JP, Condez, TH, Garcia, PCA, Haddad, CFB, 2018b. The advertisement calls of two species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Zootaxa 4415: 183 - 188, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4415.1.10" title="The advertisement calls of two species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4415.1.10" volume="4415" year="2018 b">Monteiro et al. 2018b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4D0AA5EC0D3AC2F7BBE231891D0D549" lsidName="B. actaeus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="actaeus">B. actaeus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(6.6-7.3 kHz, average of 6.9
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D58E5F1219B65C330E482671D4ACF532" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3 kHz;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="923824F5506E5755537C66111EF288A9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4407.4.2" author="Monteiro, JP" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="483 - 505" refId="B68" refString="Monteiro, JP, Condez, TH, Garcia, PCA, Comitti, EJ, Amaral, IB, Haddad, CFB, 2018a. A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) from the coast of Santa Catarina State, southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Zootaxa 4407: 483 - 505, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4407.4.2" title="A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) from the coast of Santa Catarina State, southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4407.4.2" volume="4407" year="2018 a">Monteiro et al. 2018a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7E10860346AF6D8CDAE4FB5D4A0A451" lsidName="B. rotenbergae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rotenbergae">B. rotenbergae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2.8-4.5 kHz, average of 3.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2259A9C335342AD9831D23DA6E78B9FD" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.35 kHz;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B9CE65C9CA99B468D64EBB34B8EA10D7" DOI="http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244812" author="Nunes, I" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B72" refString="Nunes, I, Guimaraes, CS, Moura, PHAG, Pedrozo, M, Moroti, M de T, Castro, LM, Stuginski, DR, Muscat, E, 2021. Hidden by the name: A new fluorescent pumpkin toadlet from the Brachycephalus ephippium group (Anura: Brachycephalidae). PLoS ONE 16: e0244812. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244812" title="Hidden by the name: A new fluorescent pumpkin toadlet from the Brachycephalus ephippium group (Anura: Brachycephalidae). PLoS ONE 16: e 0244812." url="http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244812" year="2021">Nunes et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C270E0DBBC2F499B5D2CD26C0D8BA845" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1F511E8E49B77DA39A2B268BA872E11" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2.9-3.8 kHz, average of 3.4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D2D9B4B742C8B042B6D6A52DE834C8DC" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.8;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D49BAE1CE1919120E29CF587EE2B2ED5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.2" author="Guimaraes, CS" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="327 - 344" refId="B49" refString="Guimaraes, CS, Luz, S, Rocha, PC, Feio, RN, 2017. The dark side of pumpkin toadlet: A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4258: 327 - 344, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.2" title="The dark side of pumpkin toadlet: A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, southeastern Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.2" volume="4258" year="2017">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4898DAAA61CEF55779D79A3EC8D94791" originalValue="Guimarães">Guimaraes</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The call duration in the new species (0.21-0.33 s, average of 0.25
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7C600977FBFEBB13A6D1F4B855B4803A" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.05 s) differs from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="384C7B0F95E641856CC831518354BA22" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4E1C175508ADD4F2BE759C0C243316F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(0.08-0.16 s, average of 0.11
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5EFC06552F912ED4EDA95CFA21B45EBD" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.13 s;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6C083D6478DE55834101AF29DA5A3FE5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.2" author="Guimaraes, CS" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="327 - 344" refId="B49" refString="Guimaraes, CS, Luz, S, Rocha, PC, Feio, RN, 2017. The dark side of pumpkin toadlet: A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4258: 327 - 344, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.2" title="The dark side of pumpkin toadlet: A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Serra do Brigadeiro, southeastern Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.2" volume="4258" year="2017">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4AD2FC81ACB07F629856E716A53AC1A3" originalValue="Guimarães">Guimaraes</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Some temporal and spectral parameters of the advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8C8840FED8EC28FC7DFE148E3EEFB99" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus herculeus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herculeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5A457C7D19EE4738D10120000943098" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus herculeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="028B9128F414EEC7E0440ED85AB021EA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
overlap with those described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0429480CB33DECE815BBC11CBE535667" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="A5E8702A9BF57C2F56B0986C869D240A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4C5E7BA3F400F8DF85B39FBCF5DFB9F" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="3B2246B3E5DF08406FAFE2D556CC211E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FAF0B6110D529DA001628477776E1C88" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8A62A16CDC26E7A9CF032A628EE4815" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="18BFFC8C2396E9B032317095A86FCCB1" lsidName="B. ibitinga" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ibitinga">B. ibitinga</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3474A7334EEF39AE0D481D11EA1BE502" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-13-00044" author="Condez, TH" journalOrPublisher="Herpetologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="89 - 99" refId="B24" refString="Condez, TH, Clemente-Carvalho, RBG, Haddad, CFB, dos Reis, SF, 2014. A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the highlands of the Atlantic Forest, Southeastern Brazil. Herpetologica 70: 89 - 99, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-13-00044" title="A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the highlands of the Atlantic Forest, Southeastern Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-13-00044" volume="70" year="2014">Condez et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="534C5A75F9211AB7367B01E47F2DF8BD" author="Oliveira, EG" journalOrPublisher="Salamandra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="501 - 506" refId="B73" refString="Oliveira, EG, Haddad, CFB, 2017. Activity, acoustic repertoire and social interactions of the Red Toadlet, Brachycephalus pitanga (Anura: Brachycephalidae). Salamandra 53: 501 - 506" title="Activity, acoustic repertoire and social interactions of the Red Toadlet, Brachycephalus pitanga (Anura: Brachycephalidae)." volume="53" year="2017">Oliveira and Haddad 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BD99E1616A517FC0FABFDA3BD40D0456" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.3" author="Folly, M" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="265 - 294" refId="B38" refString="Folly, M, Amaral, LC, Carvalho-e-Silva, SP, Pombal, Jr JP, 2020. Rediscovery of the toadlet Brachycephalus bufonoides Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Anura: Brachycephalidae) with osteological and acoustic descriptions. Zootaxa 4819: 265 - 294, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.3" title="Rediscovery of the toadlet Brachycephalus bufonoides Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Anura: Brachycephalidae) with osteological and acoustic descriptions." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.3" volume="4819" year="2020">Folly et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="04FA6A3B3E1FDBAC67F929AD6E60164D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-20-00031" author="Condez, TH" journalOrPublisher="Herpetologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="176 - 194" refId="B27" refString="Condez, TH, Monteiro, JPC, Malagoli, LC, Trevine, VC, Schunck, F, Garcia, PCA, Haddad, CFB, 2021. Notes of the hyperossified pumpkin toadlets of the genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) with the description of a new species. Herpetologica 77: 176 - 194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-20-00031" title="Notes of the hyperossified pumpkin toadlets of the genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) with the description of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-20-00031" volume="77" year="2021">Condez et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Among these species, the number of pulses per call (10-12 pulses) distinguishes the new species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA4DC9B4A750F855C6C7535E1DE2F09A" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2D367966292A7860B68EE75F616D17F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(notes comprised of 13-17 pulses;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="53C6241954270F585F2D636AF1AE072A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.3" author="Folly, M" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="265 - 294" refId="B38" refString="Folly, M, Amaral, LC, Carvalho-e-Silva, SP, Pombal, Jr JP, 2020. Rediscovery of the toadlet Brachycephalus bufonoides Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Anura: Brachycephalidae) with osteological and acoustic descriptions. Zootaxa 4819: 265 - 294, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.3" title="Rediscovery of the toadlet Brachycephalus bufonoides Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Anura: Brachycephalidae) with osteological and acoustic descriptions." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.3" volume="4819" year="2020">Folly et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The inter-call (or inter-note) interval for the new species (0.19-0.20 s) differs from the ones described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63CCD827A79DB36DF470C2E89CA280F3" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="5F5B9E05E485FC24719C694BA59E84C8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(average of 0.35 s;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6230125E6BEA0C830BB3F47272339070" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-13-00044" author="Condez, TH" journalOrPublisher="Herpetologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="89 - 99" refId="B24" refString="Condez, TH, Clemente-Carvalho, RBG, Haddad, CFB, dos Reis, SF, 2014. A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the highlands of the Atlantic Forest, Southeastern Brazil. Herpetologica 70: 89 - 99, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-13-00044" title="A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the highlands of the Atlantic Forest, Southeastern Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-13-00044" volume="70" year="2014">Condez et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00DEFEB3E52EFF65E012735C9C86AFDB" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEE25F2AB6AB7830ECC85B54BE4C93A4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(average of 0.27 s;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D38F342CF5BFEA6B8F155B750F0B461C" author="Oliveira, EG" journalOrPublisher="Salamandra" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="501 - 506" refId="B73" refString="Oliveira, EG, Haddad, CFB, 2017. Activity, acoustic repertoire and social interactions of the Red Toadlet, Brachycephalus pitanga (Anura: Brachycephalidae). Salamandra 53: 501 - 506" title="Activity, acoustic repertoire and social interactions of the Red Toadlet, Brachycephalus pitanga (Anura: Brachycephalidae)." volume="53" year="2017">Oliveira and Haddad 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C516A1FB2E918976BA68F9F0903172F" lsidName="B. ibitinga" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ibitinga">B. ibitinga</taxonomicName>
|
||
(0.28-0.37 s, average of 0.32 s;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="856E9700D6478C54785EBE2D7EB8D56E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-20-00031" author="Condez, TH" journalOrPublisher="Herpetologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="176 - 194" refId="B27" refString="Condez, TH, Monteiro, JPC, Malagoli, LC, Trevine, VC, Schunck, F, Garcia, PCA, Haddad, CFB, 2021. Notes of the hyperossified pumpkin toadlets of the genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) with the description of a new species. Herpetologica 77: 176 - 194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-20-00031" title="Notes of the hyperossified pumpkin toadlets of the genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) with the description of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-20-00031" volume="77" year="2021">Condez et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The note repetition rate (2.5-2.7 notes/s, average of 2.6 notes/s) reported for the new species differs from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C92FA94ABE99D6B5ED5CCAA5B1EA7A06" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3D2FA997D98F20F82212CE8C5D4BEBE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(average of 1.7 notes/s;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="65B73825F738F092A6542C0CD62C0A2F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-13-00044" author="Condez, TH" journalOrPublisher="Herpetologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="89 - 99" refId="B24" refString="Condez, TH, Clemente-Carvalho, RBG, Haddad, CFB, dos Reis, SF, 2014. A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the highlands of the Atlantic Forest, Southeastern Brazil. Herpetologica 70: 89 - 99, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-13-00044" title="A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the highlands of the Atlantic Forest, Southeastern Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-13-00044" volume="70" year="2014">Condez et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="20964B07E3F4D8883B4B542BA73CF047" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="3650DAB2BD23C991F3C282EE7E2BC3BC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2.0-2.4 notes/s;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D583E5306EB0762024724ACE6001FEFD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.3" author="Folly, M" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="265 - 294" refId="B38" refString="Folly, M, Amaral, LC, Carvalho-e-Silva, SP, Pombal, Jr JP, 2020. Rediscovery of the toadlet Brachycephalus bufonoides Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Anura: Brachycephalidae) with osteological and acoustic descriptions. Zootaxa 4819: 265 - 294, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.3" title="Rediscovery of the toadlet Brachycephalus bufonoides Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Anura: Brachycephalidae) with osteological and acoustic descriptions." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.3" volume="4819" year="2020">Folly et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="280FF4B29B8781A143964C254F67DD88" lsidName="B. ibitinga" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ibitinga">B. ibitinga</taxonomicName>
|
||
(average of 1.8 notes/s;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD63729F0DEB7687396A88F925ED248E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-20-00031" author="Condez, TH" journalOrPublisher="Herpetologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="176 - 194" refId="B27" refString="Condez, TH, Monteiro, JPC, Malagoli, LC, Trevine, VC, Schunck, F, Garcia, PCA, Haddad, CFB, 2021. Notes of the hyperossified pumpkin toadlets of the genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) with the description of a new species. Herpetologica 77: 176 - 194, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-20-00031" title="Notes of the hyperossified pumpkin toadlets of the genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) with the description of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-20-00031" volume="77" year="2021">Condez et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8EAF392D5C9FBA8D0AFA10B9BC655943" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="29D596CB37B8108BD82812C8C2379F9E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="93FC12F240F87F46F1862FF10542DBF0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Herculeus is a Latin adjective meaning very great, difficult, or dangerous; requiring the strength or courage of Hercules to challenge or accomplish a mission, as herculean labor or task (derived from Greek Mythology). The specific epithet was chosen to represent the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="311F56EFA3B995FA9E95F8118326AA3D" originalValue="“herculean”">"herculean"</normalizedToken>
|
||
task that is, for such a small species, to survive in one of the most threatened forest environments in the world, the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="18016A79A1554D23880A75FF8FE04708" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="molecular analysis">
|
||
<paragraph id="A144CFBAE4D7FC8D4744F963DDDE2457" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Molecular analysis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD3FFC4DF9287BDB3E67390F5073193B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
We obtained a final aligned matrix of 5,456 base pairs considering the selected mitochondrial and nuclear gene fragments. The optimal partition scheme and nucleotide substitution models selected for each data block were GTR+I+G (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA), K80+G (fist codon position of COI), GTR+I (second codon positions of COI and cyt
|
||
<emphasis id="8CA7CB026A7471D01B2792E4E3D23737" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
|
||
), GTR+G (three codon positions of Tyr; first codon positions of RAG1 and RAG2; third positions of COI and cyt
|
||
<emphasis id="732489EE1A5FCB2D7374DC040D677A22" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
|
||
), SYM+I+G (first codon position of cyt
|
||
<emphasis id="72CC95A2952010F49D8265E4D5CFD29E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
|
||
), HKY (second codon positions of RAG1 and RAG2), HKY+G (third codon position of RAG1), K80+I (third codon position of RAG2). Our main results corroborate many of the previously published phylogenetic hypotheses for the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8055F5BDDDAD603894843B9A7C03C6D2" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="470117ECD9229A4D5FBB5607B61DD455" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but differs from those with respect to the position of the flea-toads
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BF5048BB218201137A50046ABFB9E72" lsidName="B. clarissae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="clarissae">B. clarissae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A3A0DDD735567D17D32683D1A25DC93C" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="45320497EB10BFD00F35D4D86BBC4D67" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A9185AA01CF9534AE05175F57883233" lsidName="B. puri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="puri">B. puri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CDFBD46D18367F11A53F4C6704AFA74" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="0C1C7502ED678341F95AA485A0E258AA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the candidate species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4B478466B9A6B0A66979873070004C4" genus="B." lsidName="B." pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">B.</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 7 and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA34841A8729915C289DB75BCD41D283" genus="B." lsidName="B." pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">B.</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 8 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="137663674750B4665698A05A0FA3188D" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. The majority rule consensus tree resulting from the Bayesian Inference analysis based on the concatenated alignment of 5456 bp (four mitochondrial and three nuclear genes) showing the relationships within Brachycephalus. Sequences of the new species are highlighted in blue. Numbers associated to nodes represent Bayesian Posterior Probabilities <0.90; all other nodes were fully supported (BPP = 1.0). Voucher numbers of specimens are provided at each terminal, when available. See Table S 2 for the GenBank accession numbers." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e103573.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/968233" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Nevertheless, our hypothesis supports the position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0766B896BA7877857F070CE178EF49C6" lsidName="B. pulex" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pulex">B. pulex</taxonomicName>
|
||
as sister to all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A41A69F162FEDAB1813E2EFF269EE7FC" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAC4871481B439923312F881CF968363" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, as suggested in previous studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D493E951A3CBAEA5B255121469E4C033" DOI="http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5068.4.3" author="Almeida-Silva, P" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="517 - 532" refId="B4" refString="Almeida-Silva, P, Silva-Soares, T, Rodrigues, MT, Verdade, VK, 2021. New species of flea-toad, genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Forest of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Zootaxa 5068: 517 - 532, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5068.4.3" title="New species of flea-toad, genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Forest of Espirito Santo, Brazil." url="http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5068.4.3" volume="5068" year="2021">Almeida-Silva et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6DD558388146B9A749B362EBC301F09" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24554" author="Dos Reis, SF" journalOrPublisher="Anatomical Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1329 - 1343" refId="B31" refString="Dos Reis, SF, Clemente-Carvalho, RBG, Dos Santos, CMSFF, Lopes, RT, Von Zuben, FJ, Laborda, PR, Perez, SI, 2021. Skull diversity and evolution in miniaturized amphibians, genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae). Anatomical Record 304: 1329 - 1343, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24554" title="Skull diversity and evolution in miniaturized amphibians, genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24554" volume="304" year="2021">Dos Reis et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7E349856C0260833805BA54588424984" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13110816" author="Lyra, ML" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B65" refString="Lyra, ML, Monteiro, JPC, Rancilhac, L, Irisarri, I, Kuenzel, S, Sanchez, E, Condez, TH, Rojas-Padilla, O, Sole, M, Toledo, LF, Haddad, CFB, Vences, M, 2021. Initial phylotranscriptomic confirmation of homoplastic evolution of the conspicuous coloration and bufoniform morphology of pumpkin-toadlets in the genus Brachycephalus. Toxins 13: 816. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13110816" title="Initial phylotranscriptomic confirmation of homoplastic evolution of the conspicuous coloration and bufoniform morphology of pumpkin-toadlets in the genus Brachycephalus. Toxins 13: 816." url="https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13110816" year="2021">Lyra et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It also corroborates the position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CF21C8D74B8ABF11FBEBB6D304A7CBE" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="AF139CEC14A63051682211FED201D927" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the sister species of the clade comprised of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="086C73D2AD57E90A86BB0BA43741C357" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="CE8B4446766F37CC8CF85923CF56BB85" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CC69E143AB3137F84CC6FBC01C0182D8" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="99C01B54872166D233A087B14C16089E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species groups (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="033C30D05D9CBBCC58BF2717B33F9A90" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz200" author="Condez, TH" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="664 - 686" refId="B25" refString="Condez, TH, Haddad, CFB, Zamudio, KR, 2020. Historical biogeography and multi-trait evolution in miniature toadlets of the genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 129: 664 - 686, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz200" title="Historical biogeography and multi-trait evolution in miniature toadlets of the genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz200" volume="129" year="2020">Condez et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D3DF0F470DE412A87D5FB6956680B16D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24554" author="Dos Reis, SF" journalOrPublisher="Anatomical Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1329 - 1343" refId="B31" refString="Dos Reis, SF, Clemente-Carvalho, RBG, Dos Santos, CMSFF, Lopes, RT, Von Zuben, FJ, Laborda, PR, Perez, SI, 2021. Skull diversity and evolution in miniaturized amphibians, genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae). Anatomical Record 304: 1329 - 1343, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24554" title="Skull diversity and evolution in miniaturized amphibians, genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24554" volume="304" year="2021">Dos Reis et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA17E0763D84EA44DD3AA6F20BD60AC6" DOI="http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5068.4.3" author="Almeida-Silva, P" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="517 - 532" refId="B4" refString="Almeida-Silva, P, Silva-Soares, T, Rodrigues, MT, Verdade, VK, 2021. New species of flea-toad, genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Forest of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Zootaxa 5068: 517 - 532, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5068.4.3" title="New species of flea-toad, genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Forest of Espirito Santo, Brazil." url="http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5068.4.3" volume="5068" year="2021">Almeida-Silva et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A4BA11CC9B656F7BCAAA35E68281C699" DOI="http://doi.org/10.1643/h2020144" author="Folly, M" journalOrPublisher="Ichthyology & Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="585 - 601" refId="B41" refString="Folly, M, Vrcibradic, D, Siqueira, CC, Rocha, CFB, Machado, AA, Lopes, RT, Pombal, Jr, 2022. A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) from a montane Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil, with a reappraisal of the species group in the genus. Ichthyology & Herpetology 110: 585 - 601, DOI: http://doi.org/10.1643/h2020144" title="A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) from a montane Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil, with a reappraisal of the species group in the genus." url="http://doi.org/10.1643/h2020144" volume="110" year="2022">Folly et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, our analysis diverges from previous studies in the phylogenetic positions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00152F200ABF5C12C4F277054424B65D" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FD2EFB119ECF22D1DD22AC78D7F62EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is known to be fairly controversial in the literature (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="621C1186F1A46D5E0AD36E30C09FDA39" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13110816" author="Lyra, ML" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B65" refString="Lyra, ML, Monteiro, JPC, Rancilhac, L, Irisarri, I, Kuenzel, S, Sanchez, E, Condez, TH, Rojas-Padilla, O, Sole, M, Toledo, LF, Haddad, CFB, Vences, M, 2021. Initial phylotranscriptomic confirmation of homoplastic evolution of the conspicuous coloration and bufoniform morphology of pumpkin-toadlets in the genus Brachycephalus. Toxins 13: 816. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13110816" title="Initial phylotranscriptomic confirmation of homoplastic evolution of the conspicuous coloration and bufoniform morphology of pumpkin-toadlets in the genus Brachycephalus. Toxins 13: 816." url="https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13110816" year="2021">Lyra et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="12631C85F14DFE6584B70B31837880D7" lsidName="B. clarissae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="clarissae">B. clarissae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sister to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EF4564160EAE62F7F937CBA50DACBB6" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF01C5CFCD27E0A1C8D8B7B66FF9FC8C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group instead of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8894BC5AF56DA8B9FFC5DF7342E0E50" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="1B358E57F5FF3405D5B9C0B0FDEC5300" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="553E7FC90044B24456DB3C32CF939A3F" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="01BD509056302647B0ADC25FAE478A4F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lineage) as in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A36B1BEAC8862BC2FFF007E969C11652" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz200" author="Condez, TH" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="664 - 686" refId="B25" refString="Condez, TH, Haddad, CFB, Zamudio, KR, 2020. Historical biogeography and multi-trait evolution in miniature toadlets of the genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 129: 664 - 686, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz200" title="Historical biogeography and multi-trait evolution in miniature toadlets of the genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz200" volume="129" year="2020">Condez et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
or the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7BCDAC7A61FF1A7078CC29DA0D6DF7D" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="AC44FFE08DED6606136BB6DDDF126629" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AC7661A056B41EF856592AA102BFD1EC" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECACB118A2A47F86541EBBD3F94F058E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
groups as in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0D23F190C36565A8D080688C91404D8C" DOI="http://doi.org/10.1643/h2020144" author="Folly, M" journalOrPublisher="Ichthyology & Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="585 - 601" refId="B41" refString="Folly, M, Vrcibradic, D, Siqueira, CC, Rocha, CFB, Machado, AA, Lopes, RT, Pombal, Jr, 2022. A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) from a montane Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil, with a reappraisal of the species group in the genus. Ichthyology & Herpetology 110: 585 - 601, DOI: http://doi.org/10.1643/h2020144" title="A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) from a montane Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil, with a reappraisal of the species group in the genus." url="http://doi.org/10.1643/h2020144" volume="110" year="2022">Folly et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6284A0AD1BB5943924CBAC3FD6A7C36" authorityName="Condez, Monteiro, Comitti, Garcia, Amaral & Haddad" authorityYear="2016" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus sulfuratus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sulfuratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="729CDC609BE2F3B87708C33E14E453F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus sulfuratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recovered as the sister species to a clade containing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A46D7BA90C2CC30686AD1AFB33B48CF4" lsidName="B. puri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="puri">B. puri</taxonomicName>
|
||
and two undescribed taxa (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E327FE9612B55B98641BE90A10657444" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7C9412B1B8BD5963223BE7A424C10BB9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 7 and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAD0615CE9C34A3C5B15D41BF106B569" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BB7E503B4FEAB97B89D57B35E6283B53" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 8), but its position relative to the pumpkin-toadlets remains unstable (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="579B5964132A448947612632EDD6AA6C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz200" author="Condez, TH" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="664 - 686" refId="B25" refString="Condez, TH, Haddad, CFB, Zamudio, KR, 2020. Historical biogeography and multi-trait evolution in miniature toadlets of the genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 129: 664 - 686, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz200" title="Historical biogeography and multi-trait evolution in miniature toadlets of the genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz200" volume="129" year="2020">Condez et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="555B92D312713AE260673114BBE61E11" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.3" author="Folly, M" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="265 - 294" refId="B38" refString="Folly, M, Amaral, LC, Carvalho-e-Silva, SP, Pombal, Jr JP, 2020. Rediscovery of the toadlet Brachycephalus bufonoides Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Anura: Brachycephalidae) with osteological and acoustic descriptions. Zootaxa 4819: 265 - 294, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.3" title="Rediscovery of the toadlet Brachycephalus bufonoides Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Anura: Brachycephalidae) with osteological and acoustic descriptions." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.3" volume="4819" year="2020">Folly et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D623B1808BD9718E9960E1FAA6CA7347" DOI="http://doi.org/10.1643/h2020144" author="Folly, M" journalOrPublisher="Ichthyology & Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="585 - 601" refId="B41" refString="Folly, M, Vrcibradic, D, Siqueira, CC, Rocha, CFB, Machado, AA, Lopes, RT, Pombal, Jr, 2022. A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) from a montane Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil, with a reappraisal of the species group in the genus. Ichthyology & Herpetology 110: 585 - 601, DOI: http://doi.org/10.1643/h2020144" title="A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura, Brachycephalidae) from a montane Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil, with a reappraisal of the species group in the genus." url="http://doi.org/10.1643/h2020144" volume="110" year="2022">2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8E33841DB9F440D7A00B061046D32A0C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13110816" author="Lyra, ML" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B65" refString="Lyra, ML, Monteiro, JPC, Rancilhac, L, Irisarri, I, Kuenzel, S, Sanchez, E, Condez, TH, Rojas-Padilla, O, Sole, M, Toledo, LF, Haddad, CFB, Vences, M, 2021. Initial phylotranscriptomic confirmation of homoplastic evolution of the conspicuous coloration and bufoniform morphology of pumpkin-toadlets in the genus Brachycephalus. Toxins 13: 816. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13110816" title="Initial phylotranscriptomic confirmation of homoplastic evolution of the conspicuous coloration and bufoniform morphology of pumpkin-toadlets in the genus Brachycephalus. Toxins 13: 816." url="https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13110816" year="2021">Lyra et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52B0BD9554A012D8E391996D5B4C9F8F" lsidName="B. puri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="puri">B. puri</taxonomicName>
|
||
in our tree was distinct from that presented at the original description of the species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C5F33EDA7954D7A80A13310540636B34" DOI="http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5068.4.3" author="Almeida-Silva, P" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="517 - 532" refId="B4" refString="Almeida-Silva, P, Silva-Soares, T, Rodrigues, MT, Verdade, VK, 2021. New species of flea-toad, genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Forest of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Zootaxa 5068: 517 - 532, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5068.4.3" title="New species of flea-toad, genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Forest of Espirito Santo, Brazil." url="http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5068.4.3" volume="5068" year="2021">Almeida-Silva et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), probably due to the inclusion of samples of the two flea-toad candidate species in our dataset.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74540A314E5A38488D2F2B1E59837843" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus herculeus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herculeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="13088C93982B0C0EEDA1BBA2D36C8562" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus herculeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, new species, was recovered as monophyletic in our phylogenetic reconstruction, and was nested within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6B25EB4C51B29D5C645C76E2FA2EC869" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D79FFCBD0D163276EADFC0BAE8F072A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group, as the sister species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C237232300A95B65A3037FC4B9195E8" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B893322FD6D3FECF7E9B6137DEF2817" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="67AC090AA3BB519DD100FD14E5E21693" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. The majority rule consensus tree resulting from the Bayesian Inference analysis based on the concatenated alignment of 5456 bp (four mitochondrial and three nuclear genes) showing the relationships within Brachycephalus. Sequences of the new species are highlighted in blue. Numbers associated to nodes represent Bayesian Posterior Probabilities <0.90; all other nodes were fully supported (BPP = 1.0). Voucher numbers of specimens are provided at each terminal, when available. See Table S 2 for the GenBank accession numbers." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e103573.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/968233" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Based on the genetic distances for the 16S rRNA gene (1548 bp), the sequences of different individuals of the new species did not differ from each other (
|
||
<emphasis id="75A55582500381B723D236DC0DAF12AE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">p</emphasis>
|
||
-distance = 0; n = 11). Within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="944956043BF6BB636AA22C1101D3546B" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="07372C127DC951CFB1975DE395C20FBD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group, the smallest genetic divergences between the new species and other congeners were 0.5-0.8% (from its sister species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36A395294C57E9F0FBF3847ECC88BF53" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="F803DC53AB9AEC20FE77C11AAAFFC880" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the greatest was 4.9% (from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB4D35CFB8B3DC5359799B74A507471B" lsidName="B. ephippium" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ephippium">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4C1C4DC646681D02DADA32388994C87" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. ephippium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="D8A0899311A3C8ED72C0189D6570360F" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Interspecific uncorrected p - distances based on the 16 S rRNA gene for the species within the B. ephippium group. Minimum and maximum values are given as percentages (%). The number of analyzed individuals for each species (in parentheses), followed by their intraspecific distances are presented in bold." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8E368C997289D1DC424CA55D5224339E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="8E368C997289D1DC424CA55D5224339E">2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CDB9BE72D7570F0090AFCCFE1D4DF29B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="09265A7CE1BB791F396CF7BFFD335CCB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Osteological description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A4525C688F694CFC9321F8B0BA4891C7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="364A333E6BDE41D7BDCCFCB505BEBE38" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Skull</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="A12D7C9574A0BDFA4445B1FBC4E25BD1" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. High-resolution computed tomography (Micro-CT) scans of paratypes of Brachycephalus herculeus, new species, showing osteological features. A Dorsal, B ventral views of the skeleton (CFBH 28131); C left hand in palmar view (CFBH 28133); D right foot in plantar view (CFBH 28048 and 28137, respectively); E dorsal, F ventral, and G lateral views of the skull (without the lower jaw; CFBH 28133); H dorsal view of vertebral column (CFBH 28137 and 28133, respectively). The dots surround the skeleton in (A) and (B) are osteoderms. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e103573.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/968239" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="5145C7168E2994F5AB936E8B21231A05" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Views of (A) hyolaryngeal skeleton and (B) pelvic girdle of one of the paratypes of Brachycephalus herculeus, new species (MNRJ 42407). Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e103573.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/968240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Shape and proportions: Isolated bony structures (osteoderms) are predominantly distributed on the lateral surfaces of the body. The skull is wider than long (length/width range 85-95%). The diameter of the orbit is 39-47% of the total length of the skull. The skull is widest at the prootics, and the jaw articulation lies anterior to the posterior end of the skull at the occipital condyles. The upper jaws are relatively short, with the posterior apex lying at the level of the optic fenestra. Large additional elements associated with the skull (parotic plate) and vertebrae (vertebral and paravertebral plates) are dermal bones. -
|
||
<emphasis id="A59EF724D347196CC35F5864CAC957D1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2F4C799AF9CDE31884643F42FF6D00A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Skull plate</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Exostosis and co-ossification are present in the skull forming an ornamented ridge-like pattern. Thus, nasals, dermal sphenethmoid, frontoparietals, squamosals, and the parotic plate are synostosed and exostosed, forming a dorsal skull plate. A marginal extension of the frontoparietals is fused to the parotic plate, dorsally covering the exoccipitals and prootics. There is a space between the parotic plate and a post-orbital crest forming a small concavity that reaches half of the width of the orbit. The parotic plate is connected and fused medially to the frontoparietal and has a lateroposterior orientation related to the main axis of the skull. The anterior extension of the parotic plate is small, not covering the articulation between squamosal and prootic and the posterior extension does not reach the posterior border of the occipital condyle. The post-orbital crest is latero-posteriorly projected and well developed, reaching the height of occipital condyle. -
|
||
<emphasis id="F60815593E3FCB3B3863CA58C902A87B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dermal investing bones</emphasis>
|
||
. Nasals: Exostosed. These bones are completely synostosed with the sphenethmoid but are not in anteromedial contact. An attenuate maxillary process contacts the preorbital process of the pars facialis of the maxilla. Frontoparietals: Expanded and exostosed. -
|
||
<emphasis id="EA7CD3A3594B68349D5CEEA98392771E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B00129B5C45E005092757E285FD1AA9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neurocranium</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Sphenethmoid: Expanded. This bone is dorsally covered by frontoparietals and nasals. The cartilaginous optic fenestrae are absent. Fused Exoccipitals and Prootics: Not expanded and nor exostosed. The epiotic eminence (anterior and posterior) is undetectable. These bones are dorsally covered by the skull plate (frontoparietal fused with parotic plate). -
|
||
<emphasis id="F3EC4BFDFE8692FBA17CC7FC65057FC7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="2710B11280FAA46E8C240BBA1E2D0961" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ventral investing bones</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Parasphenoid: The cultriform process is synostosed with the sphenethmoid (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="847F81CBFB1E4E8784E26DC27E8906A9" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. High-resolution computed tomography (Micro-CT) scans of paratypes of Brachycephalus herculeus, new species, showing osteological features. A Dorsal, B ventral views of the skeleton (CFBH 28131); C left hand in palmar view (CFBH 28133); D right foot in plantar view (CFBH 28048 and 28137, respectively); E dorsal, F ventral, and G lateral views of the skull (without the lower jaw; CFBH 28133); H dorsal view of vertebral column (CFBH 28137 and 28133, respectively). The dots surround the skeleton in (A) and (B) are osteoderms. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e103573.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/968239" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9</figureCitation>
|
||
). The parasphenoid alae are broad and laterally oriented beneath the otic capsule; the distal margins of the alae are wider than the proximal margins, terminating between the first third and the midpoint of the otic capsule. The posterior margin (posteromedial process) of the parasphenoid terminates in a triangular apex that lye the foramen magnum. Neopalatine: Absent. Vomers: Reduced. The anterior process is triangular with a rounded tip and is around the same length of the prechoanal process. The reduced prechoanal process forms the anterior and anteromedial margins of the choana and terminates in a rounded tip. The postchoanal process forms the posteromedial margin of the choana. The posteromedial margins of the vomers are moderately separated from each other, diverging abruptly anteriorly. The pre and postchoanal processes are around the same length. The dentigerous process is absent. -
|
||
<emphasis id="4E4D7B49C5E4DE9853FD9B5C3DF77575" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Maxillary arcade</emphasis>
|
||
. Premaxillae: Each premaxilla is broad and separated from each other by a short gap in anterior view. The pars dentalis of each premaxilla lack teeth. In anterior view, the height of the alary process corresponds to around the length of premaxillae, and the distal tip of each alary process is pointed. The basal parts of the alary processes converge medially. The distal tips diverge from one another. Laterally, the alary processes are curved. The distal end of each pars palatina is sharp and converges to each other almost touching one another. Maxillae: The anterior end of the maxilla overlaps the posterolateral end of the premaxilla. Maxilla toothless; its posterior end is rounded and does not reach the ventral ramus of the squamosal. The pars facialis is high and thin, extending for less than half the length of the maxilla. Quadratojugals: Absent. -
|
||
<emphasis id="5D29741D41787A1DCBB476F85CD42BDC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="77C13BF98D516DBC2526C5675C410902" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Suspensory apparatus</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Pterygoids: The anterior ramus of each pterygoid is long, cylindrical, terminating in a truncated apex and extending to the final third of the maxilla. The medial ramus is short, slightly laminar, has a truncated end, and invests the prootic. The posterior ramus is long, triangular, and has a truncated point. Squamosals: Expanded and exostosed. They are composed of three rami that render each squamosal as a
|
||
<normalizedToken id="03C89EE3C22AB1A4579198F3440B4706" originalValue="“T”">"T"</normalizedToken>
|
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shaped element composed by the ventral ramus, the otic ramus (posterior ramus), and the zygomatic ramus (anterior ramus). The ventral ramus is the longest of the three and has a rounded distal end, which is wider than its proximal portion. In lateral view, the zygomatic ramus is reduced, shorter than the ventral ramus and the distal end is rounded towards the maxilla, but without contacting it. In lateral view, the otic ramus is longer than the zygomatic ramus, and its distal end is rounded. In dorsal view, the distal end of the otic ramus is truncated, towards the parotic plate, overlapping it. Mandible: The mentomeckelian bones are in the anterior part of the mandible and are separated from each other by a short space. In anterior view, the mentomeckelians are sharp anteriorly and are fused to the dentaries laterally. Each dentary invests laterally less than half of the angulosplenial bone and has a pointed posterior end. They do not overlap the
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<normalizedToken id="3B17BA80644B469C1AEEEA56BCBC6AA1" originalValue="Meckel’s">Meckel's</normalizedToken>
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cartilage anterolaterally. The anterior end of each angulosplenial is roundly pointed, and the posterior end is robust and rounded. The posterior end of the angulosplenial bears a well-developed pars articularis process. -
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<emphasis id="AFB327C2F72198426997E8B862382380" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Auditory Apparatus</emphasis>
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. Columellae absent. Fenestra ovalis posteriorly oriented. An enlarged and completely ossified operculum nearly fills the fenestra ovalis. -
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<emphasis id="9DD5E128E614666DBEC6C9A34A997FF4" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hyolaryngeal skeleton</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation id="B1254236A45BC595B6A1729258FA006E" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Views of (A) hyolaryngeal skeleton and (B) pelvic girdle of one of the paratypes of Brachycephalus herculeus, new species (MNRJ 42407). Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e103573.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/968240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10</figureCitation>
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). The hyoid plate is longer than wide, with its length around four times its smallest width. The anterior processes are long and form a deep hyoglossal sinus, which deepens to nearly the height of the alary processes. The alary and posterolateral processes are much reduced, and the former is longer than the posterolateral processes. The posteromedial processes diverge widely to embrace the broad larynx. The arytenoids are short, semicircular and narrowly separated from each other, while the oesophageal process is longer than the arytenoids. -
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<emphasis id="CF556157A3C444F17004B382B0E104F7" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Postcranium</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation id="047FBEED665AC30497940CEB1404EE5F" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. High-resolution computed tomography (Micro-CT) scans of paratypes of Brachycephalus herculeus, new species, showing osteological features. A Dorsal, B ventral views of the skeleton (CFBH 28131); C left hand in palmar view (CFBH 28133); D right foot in plantar view (CFBH 28048 and 28137, respectively); E dorsal, F ventral, and G lateral views of the skull (without the lower jaw; CFBH 28133); H dorsal view of vertebral column (CFBH 28137 and 28133, respectively). The dots surround the skeleton in (A) and (B) are osteoderms. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.74.e103573.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/968239" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9</figureCitation>
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). Pectoral girdle: The clavicle, procoracoid, epicoracoid, coracoid, and scapula are completely ossified and fused, with a large fenestra separating the clavicle from coracoid; suprascapula not expanded, with anterior half ossified as cleithrum; omosternum and sternum absent. The two sides of the coracoid are well-developed with a concave-shaped coracoid and around the same height giving a quadrangular appearance to the scapular apparatus. The distal edge of the clavicle bears a dorsal projection. Vertebral column: The vertebral column is composed of eight presacral, non-imbricate vertebrae. Transverse processes of Presacrals III, VI and VII are perpendicular to the notochordal axis, those of Presacrals IV and V are inclined posteriorly, and those of Presacrals II and VIII are inclined anteriorly. Relative lengths of the transverse process of presacrals IV> SD> III> V-VIII> II> I. Sacral diapophyses (SD) are moderately expanded and slightly posteriorly oriented; distal end of diapophyses with a flat, slightly calcified cartilage that articulates with the ilial shaft of the pelvic girdle. Sesamoids are present on both sides of sacral diapophyses. There are two types of bony elements associated with the vertebral column: (1) spinal plates, which lie dorsal to the vertebra and are generally ornamented (except for the posteriormost ones, which might not be ornamented); and, (2) the paravertebral plates, which are associated with the transverse processes of vertebrae IV; they are poorly developed, not covering the distal part of the transverse processes, and are not ornamented. The dorsal crest of the urostyle extends for 2/3 of its length. The ilium crest extends for the whole length of this bone. Manus: Phalangeal formula of hand 1-2-3-1. The carpus is composed of a radiale, ulnare, element y fused with Carpal 2, and a large postaxial assumed to represent a fusion of centrale with Carpals 3-5. Prepollex with two elements ossified and very reduced. Tips of the terminal phalangeal elements of fingers arrow shaped. A palmar sesamoid is present. Pes: Phalangeal formula of foot 1-2-3-4-1. Tarsus composed of tibiale, fibulare, three individual elements, including distal tarsal 2-3, distal tarsal 1, element y. Distal tarsal 1 is the smallest and articulates with element y, distal tarsal 2-3, and metatarsal I and II. Distal tarsal 2-3 articulates mainly with metatarsal III, but also with metatarsal II and IV, and with distal tarsal I. Prehallux has a single element. Tips of the terminal phalangeal elements of toes II-V arrow-shaped, toes I and V reduced, digit IV elongated. Plantar and cartilage sesamoids are present in all specimens. Three sesamoids are present at the knee region, the larger one might be the graciella sesamoid.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="843129717608CC436D876168C1F75184" doi="10.3897/vz.74.e103573.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/968239" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
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<paragraph id="84B0A2C8598147C512C4F14FDD51EB7B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="F02A5E7641F3A2BBBE3BFDA69B1393F3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 9.</emphasis>
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High-resolution computed tomography (Micro-CT) scans of paratypes of
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<taxonomicName id="E6816E5FF8DED413F8CB158E591B7F89" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus herculeus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herculeus">
|
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<emphasis id="C98324538144192A42A131A1C01874DB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus herculeus</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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, new species, showing osteological features.
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<emphasis id="0F5C2F30E2DB65A82CF44806DF6033AB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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Dorsal,
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<emphasis id="1FE62A870AF19C3777C4BFA61FF69825" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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ventral views of the skeleton (CFBH 28131);
|
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<emphasis id="9C6542101FAAAF90EFC8337FED0E6ACD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
left hand in palmar view (CFBH 28133);
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<emphasis id="A07C43D1EE72749F4C3C0B34E767A381" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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right foot in plantar view (CFBH 28048 and 28137, respectively);
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<emphasis id="6F026262950C9F360287A39468804770" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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||
dorsal,
|
||
<emphasis id="B34FC6495F3A73C95D207C230B2C2397" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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||
ventral, and
|
||
<emphasis id="AF61AF787D4AF8C6A4AFD1B6D88192BF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||
lateral views of the skull (without the lower jaw; CFBH 28133);
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<emphasis id="FE2BAA10C19F7136F4C000CBD671C954" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
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||
dorsal view of vertebral column (CFBH 28137 and 28133, respectively). The dots surround the skeleton in (
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<emphasis id="777BE2B1838FB5855FB6E79E69676094" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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||
) and (
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<emphasis id="314F18037E0FF2AC17D8C53AF6AAC1E7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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||
) are osteoderms. Scale bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="D94F3B0A150B581B95BF530A48C8F5F3" doi="10.3897/vz.74.e103573.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/968240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
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||
<paragraph id="908800450125731E6DA4BFF2796DA26B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B59810653E749567532760832104A010" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 10.</emphasis>
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||
Views of (
|
||
<emphasis id="B6A150446B6D1479D48C89459EF1B0EB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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||
) hyolaryngeal skeleton and (
|
||
<emphasis id="EC4E9DAB30C19F9A4DF6BB1FC0342AF2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
) pelvic girdle of one of the paratypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4BEF5E46DB989FB78AA81EFD9F7A13B" class="Amphibia" family="Brachycephalidae" genus="Brachycephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachycephalus herculeus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herculeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BC75307E7E518981A0C995FA7C125AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brachycephalus herculeus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, new species (MNRJ 42407). Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |