835 lines
88 KiB
XML
835 lines
88 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3788821" ID-GBIF-Dataset="aa97d560-1969-4b79-93bb-2614b7835c0e" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163750327" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3788821" approvalRequired="5103" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="74" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="5027" approvalRequired_for_treatments="2" checkinTime="1587982132140" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert" docDate="2010" docId="03B2F2569E20A537E6A7F9A7FBC4AFFF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2163.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 38 (38)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@2c1f1b55" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Leuconyctini Poole 1995" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageId="273" lastPageNumber="273" masterDocId="FF8B8A2E9F2CA426E62BFFD7FFC6AF1B" masterDocTitle="An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada" masterLastPageNumber="549" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" updateTime="1643558428782" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:title>An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Pohl, Greg</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Northern Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton ,, Canada</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Anweiler, Gary</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>University of Alberta Strickland Entomology Museum ,, Canada</mods:affiliation>
|
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
|
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Schmidt, Christian</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Canada</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Kondla, Norbert</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Calgary ,, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
|
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
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<mods:number>2010-03-05</mods:number>
|
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</mods:detail>
|
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<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>38</mods:number>
|
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>38</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.38.383</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">aa97d560-1969-4b79-93bb-2614b7835c0e</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576629</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3788821" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163750327" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3788821" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B2F2569E20A537E6A7F9A7FBC4AFFF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B2F2569E20A537E6A7F9A7FBC4AFFF" lastPageId="273" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">
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<subSubSection lastPageId="269" lastPageNumber="270" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="268.[140,268,1648,1670]" box="[140,268,1648,1670]" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[140,268,1648,1670]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" reason="2">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Poole" authorityYear="1995" box="[140,268,1648,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="268" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Leuconyctini">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,268,1648,1670]" pageId="268" pageNumber="269">Leuconyctini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="269.[140,1097,170,403]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
|
||
1870 * R
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Guenee, 1852 L Jul" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1852" box="[291,864,170,192]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Crambodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="talidiformis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,498,170,191]" italics="true" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Crambodes talidiformis</emphasis>
|
||
Guenée, 1852 L Jul
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– L Aug – – G T:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Forbes WTM" box="[347,478,205,227]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" pagination="1 - 433" refId="ref245268" refString="Forbes WTM (1954) Th e Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states, Part III. Noctuidae. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoirs 329: 1 - 433." type="journal article" year="1954">Forbes (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
L:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bowman K" box="[347,501,240,262]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" pagination="121 - 165" refId="ref237866" refString="Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165." type="journal article" year="1951">Bowman (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hooper RR" box="[511,664,241,263]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" pagination="118 - 122" refId="ref250035" refString="Hooper RR (1991 b) Check-list of Saskatchewan moths, Part 9: Quakers and borers. Blue Jay 49: 118 - 122." type="journal article" year="1991">Hooper (1991b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
C: CNC, UASM
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="272" lastPageNumber="273" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="269.[140,1097,170,403]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
|
||
1871 R
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Grote, 1874) M Jun" authorityName="M Jun" baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[291,879,311,333]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Leuconycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lepidula">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,465,311,333]" italics="true" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Leuconycta lepidula</emphasis>
|
||
(Grote, 1874) M Jun
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– M Jul – b G T:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Forbes WTM" box="[347,478,346,368]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" pagination="1 - 433" refId="ref245268" refString="Forbes WTM (1954) Th e Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states, Part III. Noctuidae. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoirs 329: 1 - 433." type="journal article" year="1954">Forbes (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
L:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bowman K" box="[347,499,381,403]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" pagination="121 - 165" refId="ref237866" refString="Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165." type="journal article" year="1951">Bowman (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
C: CNC, UASM
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="269.[140,1108,450,933]" box="[140,532,450,474]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,532,450,474]" italics="true" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
|
||
63.12.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1828" box="[215,353,450,474]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heliothinae">Heliothinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
– flower moths
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="269.[140,1108,450,933]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
|
||
Small to medium-sized (
|
||
<quantity box="[427,559,483,510]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="20.0">20–50 mm</quantity>
|
||
wingspan) moths, many with brightly colored wings. Th e group is defined mainly by larval characters. Th e adults of many species are active during the day, others are nocturnal, and a few are active both day and night. The adults of many species roost on the larval host plant, in some cases within its flowers. Larvae feed on the reproductive parts of the host plant (sepals, flowers, and seeds). A few, such as the Corn Earworm (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="L Aug" baseAuthorityName="Boddie" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[549,721,659,685]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Helicoverpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[549,721,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Helicoverpa zea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), are among the most destructive lepidopteran agricultural pests in temperate regions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="269.[140,1108,450,933]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
|
||
Members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1828" box="[376,510,730,756]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heliothinae">Heliothinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distributed worldwide. About 154 species in 14 genera occur in North America; 23 species in six genera occur in AB. The North American fauna was revised at the generic level by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[750,969,800,827]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref247808" refString="Hardwick DF (1970 b) A generic revision of the North American Heliothidinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 73: 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1970">Hardwick (1970b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and at the species level by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[319,510,835,862]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref247697" refString="Hardwick DF (1958) Taxonomy, life history, and habits of the elliptoid-eyed species of Schinia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), with notes on the Heliothidinae. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 6: 1 - 116." type="journal article" year="1958">Hardwick (1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[523,584,835,862]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" pagination="1 - 247" refId="ref247740" refString="Hardwick DF (1965) Th e Corn Earworm complex. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 40: 1 - 247." type="journal article" year="1965">1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[598,661,836,862]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" pagination="106 - 110" refId="ref247876" refString="Hardwick DF (1994) A review of the phloxiphaga group of the genus Heliothis (Noctuidae: Heliothentinae) with description of a new species. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 48: 106 - 110." type="journal article" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Most recently, he reviewed the North American fauna and illustrated the adults and larvae in color in a self-published monograph (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[219,404,906,933]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="269.[140,1097,980,1671]" box="[140,1097,980,1002]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
|
||
1872 R
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Morrison, 1875" authorityName="Morrison" authorityYear="1875" box="[291,594,980,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Eutricopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nexilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,441,980,1001]" italics="true" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Eutricopis nexilis</emphasis>
|
||
Morrison, 1875
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
M May – E Aug M – G
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="269.[140,1097,980,1671]" box="[321,509,1015,1037]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
|
||
T:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[347,509,1015,1037]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="269.[140,1097,980,1671]" box="[321,765,1050,1072]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
|
||
L:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bowman K" box="[347,501,1050,1072]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" pagination="121 - 165" refId="ref237866" refString="Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165." type="journal article" year="1951">Bowman (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[511,672,1050,1072]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
C: CNC,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="269.[140,1097,980,1671]" box="[344,410,1086,1107]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">UASM</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="269.[140,1097,980,1671]" box="[140,1094,1120,1143]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
|
||
1873 * R H
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Walker, 1857)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[291,598,1120,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Pyrrhia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exprimens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,452,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Pyrrhia exprimens</emphasis>
|
||
(Walker, 1857)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L May – M Jul M B g
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="269.[140,1097,980,1671]" box="[321,509,1156,1178]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
|
||
T:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[347,509,1156,1178]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="269.[140,1097,980,1671]" box="[321,774,1190,1213]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
|
||
L: [
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bowman K" box="[352,510,1190,1213]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" pagination="121 - 165" refId="ref237866" refString="Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165." type="journal article" year="1951">Bowman (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
], [
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Crumb SE" box="[532,675,1190,1213]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" pagination="1 - 356" refId="ref240463" refString="Crumb SE (1956) Th e larvae of the Phalaenidae. United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 1135: 1 - 356." type="journal article" year="1956">Crumb (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
], [
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Prentice RM" box="[696,774,1191,1213]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" pagination="77 - 281" refId="ref263335" refString="Prentice RM (1962) Forest Lepidoptera of Canada reported by the Forest Insect Survey, Vol. 2: Nycteolidae, Notodontidae, Noctuidae, Liparidae. Canada Dept. of Forestry, Forest Entomology and Pathology Branch, Publication No. 1013, pp. 77 - 281." type="book chapter" year="1962">Prentice</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="269.[140,1097,980,1671]" box="[344,757,1226,1249]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
|
||
(1962)],
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[427,588,1226,1248]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
C: CNC, NFRC,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="269.[140,1097,980,1671]" box="[344,561,1262,1283]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">OLDS, PMAE, UASM</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="269.[140,1097,980,1671]" box="[140,1097,1297,1319]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
|
||
1874 * M
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Boddie, 1850) L Aug" authorityName="L Aug" baseAuthorityName="Boddie" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[291,876,1297,1319]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Helicoverpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,430,1297,1318]" italics="true" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Helicoverpa zea</emphasis>
|
||
(Boddie, 1850) L Aug
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– E Sep – – G
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="269.[140,1097,980,1671]" box="[306,447,1332,1353]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Corn Earworm</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="269.[140,1097,980,1671]" box="[321,569,1367,1389]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
|
||
T:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[347,503,1367,1389]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" pagination="1 - 247" refId="ref247740" refString="Hardwick DF (1965) Th e Corn Earworm complex. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 40: 1 - 247." type="journal article" year="1965">Hardwick (1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[513,562,1367,1389]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="269.[140,1097,980,1671]" box="[321,773,1402,1424]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
|
||
L:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bowman K" box="[347,501,1402,1424]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" pagination="121 - 165" refId="ref237866" refString="Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165." type="journal article" year="1951">Bowman (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,?
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[519,680,1402,1424]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
C: CNC,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="269.[140,1097,980,1671]" box="[344,410,1438,1459]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">UASM</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="269.[140,1097,980,1671]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
|
||
1875 * R
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Grote and Robinson, 1867" authorityName="Grote and Robinson" authorityYear="1867" box="[291,739,1473,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Heliothis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phloxiphaga">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,484,1473,1494]" italics="true" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Heliothis phloxiphaga</emphasis>
|
||
Grote and Robinson, 1867
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
M May – E Sep M b G (2Br?)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="269.[140,1097,980,1671]" box="[321,569,1543,1565]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
|
||
T:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[347,503,1543,1565]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" pagination="106 - 110" refId="ref247876" refString="Hardwick DF (1994) A review of the phloxiphaga group of the genus Heliothis (Noctuidae: Heliothentinae) with description of a new species. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 48: 106 - 110." type="journal article" year="1994">Hardwick (1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[513,562,1543,1565]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="269.[140,1097,980,1671]" box="[321,759,1578,1600]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
|
||
L:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bowman K" box="[347,501,1578,1600]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" pagination="121 - 165" refId="ref237866" refString="Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165." type="journal article" year="1951">Bowman (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Crumb SE" box="[511,650,1578,1600]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" pagination="1 - 356" refId="ref240463" refString="Crumb SE (1956) Th e larvae of the Phalaenidae. United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 1135: 1 - 356." type="journal article" year="1956">Crumb (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,?
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[668,759,1578,1600]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="269.[140,1097,980,1671]" box="[344,798,1613,1635]" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">(1996) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="269.[140,1097,980,1671]" lastBlockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" lastPageId="270" lastPageNumber="271" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">
|
||
1876 * R
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875" authorityName="Felder and Rogenhofer" authorityYear="1875" box="[291,710,1649,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Heliothis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="269" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acesias">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,434,1649,1670]" italics="true" pageId="269" pageNumber="270">Heliothis acesias</emphasis>
|
||
Felder and Rogenhofer, 1875
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
? – – G T:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[347,503,170,192]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" pagination="106 - 110" refId="ref247876" refString="Hardwick DF (1994) A review of the phloxiphaga group of the genus Heliothis (Noctuidae: Heliothentinae) with description of a new species. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 48: 106 - 110." type="journal article" year="1994">Hardwick (1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[513,562,170,192]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" box="[321,655,205,227]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
|
||
L:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[347,502,205,227]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" pagination="106 - 110" refId="ref247876" refString="Hardwick DF (1994) A review of the phloxiphaga group of the genus Heliothis (Noctuidae: Heliothentinae) with description of a new species. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 48: 106 - 110." type="journal article" year="1994">Hardwick (1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[512,561,205,227]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) C: CNC
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
|
||
1877 R H
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Fabricius, 1787)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1787" box="[291,598,241,263]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Heliothis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ononis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,433,241,262]" italics="true" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Heliothis ononis</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius, 1787)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L May – M Jul m b G Flax Bollworm
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" box="[321,509,311,333]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
|
||
T:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[347,509,311,333]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" box="[321,765,346,368]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
|
||
L:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bowman K" box="[347,501,346,368]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" pagination="121 - 165" refId="ref237866" refString="Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165." type="journal article" year="1951">Bowman (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[511,672,346,368]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
C: CNC,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" box="[344,636,382,403]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
|
||
1878 R
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Edwards, 1875)" baseAuthorityName="Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[291,619,417,439]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Heliothis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oregonica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,459,417,438]" italics="true" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Heliothis oregonica</emphasis>
|
||
(Edwards, 1875)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L May – E Jul M b G T:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[347,509,452,474]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" box="[321,765,487,509]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
|
||
L:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bowman K" box="[347,501,487,509]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" pagination="121 - 165" refId="ref237866" refString="Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165." type="journal article" year="1951">Bowman (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[511,672,487,509]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
C: CNC,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" box="[344,636,522,543]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
|
||
1879 R
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Hampson, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[291,616,558,580]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Heliothis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,443,558,579]" italics="true" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Heliothis borealis</emphasis>
|
||
(Hampson, 1903)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
E May – M Jun M B – T:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[347,509,593,615]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" box="[321,765,628,650]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
|
||
L:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bowman K" box="[347,501,628,650]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" pagination="121 - 165" refId="ref237866" refString="Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165." type="journal article" year="1951">Bowman (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[511,672,628,650]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
C: CNC,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" box="[344,410,663,684]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">UASM</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
|
||
1880 * R
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Grote, 1878) Jul" authorityName="Jul" baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[291,845,698,720]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Schinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nuchalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,437,698,719]" italics="true" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Schinia nuchalis</emphasis>
|
||
(Grote, 1878) Jul
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– – G T:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[347,509,733,756]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" box="[321,797,768,791]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
|
||
L: [
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bowman K" box="[352,510,768,791]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" pagination="121 - 165" refId="ref237866" refString="Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165." type="journal article" year="1951">Bowman (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
], [?
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[540,705,768,791]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] C: CNC
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
|
||
1881 R
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Guenee, 1852) L Jul" authorityName="L Jul" baseAuthorityName="Guenee" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[291,864,804,826]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Schinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaguarina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,450,804,826]" italics="true" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Schinia jaguarina</emphasis>
|
||
(Guenée, 1852) L Jul
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– L Aug – b G T:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[347,509,839,861]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" box="[321,765,874,896]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
|
||
L:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bowman K" box="[347,501,874,896]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" pagination="121 - 165" refId="ref237866" refString="Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165." type="journal article" year="1951">Bowman (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[511,672,874,896]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
C: CNC,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" box="[344,485,910,931]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">OLDS, UASM</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
|
||
1882 R
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Grote, 1873) M Jul" authorityName="M Jul" baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[291,873,945,967]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Schinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suetus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,416,945,967]" italics="true" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Schinia suetus</emphasis>
|
||
(Grote, 1873) M Jul
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– – G T:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[347,503,980,1002]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref247697" refString="Hardwick DF (1958) Taxonomy, life history, and habits of the elliptoid-eyed species of Schinia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), with notes on the Heliothidinae. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 6: 1 - 116." type="journal article" year="1958">Hardwick (1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[513,562,980,1002]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" box="[321,673,1015,1037]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
|
||
L:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[347,508,1015,1037]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
C: CNC, UASM
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
|
||
1883 R
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Grote, 1873) M Jun" authorityName="M Jun" baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[291,879,1050,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Schinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meadi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,419,1050,1071]" italics="true" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Schinia meadi</emphasis>
|
||
(Grote, 1873) M Jun
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– E Aug – – G T:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[347,509,1086,1108]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" box="[321,765,1121,1143]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
|
||
L:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bowman K" box="[347,501,1121,1143]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" pagination="121 - 165" refId="ref237866" refString="Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165." type="journal article" year="1951">Bowman (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[511,672,1121,1143]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
C: CNC,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" box="[344,560,1156,1177]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">NFRC, OLDS, UASM</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
|
||
1884 R
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Guenee, 1852) E Jun" authorityName="E Jun" baseAuthorityName="Guenee" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[291,871,1191,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Schinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="florida">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,422,1191,1212]" italics="true" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Schinia florida</emphasis>
|
||
(Guenée, 1852) E Jun
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– L Jul – B G T:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[347,509,1226,1248]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" box="[321,752,1262,1284]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
|
||
L:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bowman K" box="[347,501,1262,1284]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" pagination="121 - 165" refId="ref237866" refString="Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165." type="journal article" year="1951">Bowman (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Crumb SE" box="[511,650,1262,1284]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" pagination="1 - 356" refId="ref240463" refString="Crumb SE (1956) Th e larvae of the Phalaenidae. United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 1135: 1 - 356." type="journal article" year="1956">Crumb (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[660,752,1262,1284]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" box="[344,647,1297,1319]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">(1996) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
|
||
1885 R
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Smith, 1797) L Jul" authorityName="L Jul" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1797" box="[291,864,1332,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Schinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gaurae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,422,1332,1354]" italics="true" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Schinia gaurae</emphasis>
|
||
(Smith, 1797) L Jul
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– M Aug – – G T:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[347,509,1367,1389]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" box="[321,818,1402,1424]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
|
||
L:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bowman K" box="[345,495,1402,1424]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" pagination="121 - 165" refId="ref237866" refString="Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165." type="journal article" year="1951">Bowman (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[503,660,1402,1424]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
C: CNC, UASM
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
|
||
1886 R
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Grote, 1881) M Jul M" authorityName="M Jul M" baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[291,1023,1438,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Schinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="honesta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,429,1438,1459]" italics="true" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Schinia honesta</emphasis>
|
||
(Grote, 1881) M Jul M
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– – T:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[347,503,1473,1495]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref247697" refString="Hardwick DF (1958) Taxonomy, life history, and habits of the elliptoid-eyed species of Schinia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), with notes on the Heliothidinae. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 6: 1 - 116." type="journal article" year="1958">Hardwick (1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[513,562,1473,1495]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" box="[321,499,1508,1530]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">L: None C: UASM</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
|
||
1887 * R
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Hardwick, 1983" authorityName="Hardwick" authorityYear="1983" box="[291,571,1543,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Schinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verna">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,413,1543,1565]" italics="true" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">Schinia verna</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[419,571,1543,1565]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" pagination="148 - 154" refId="ref247841" refString="Hardwick DF (1983) A new species of Schinia (Noctuidae) from central Florida, with description of its life history. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 37: 148 - 154." type="journal article" year="1983">Hardwick, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L May – E Jun – – G Verna’s Flower Moth
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="270.[140,1097,170,1636]" box="[321,509,1614,1636]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271">
|
||
T:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[347,509,1614,1636]" pageId="270" pageNumber="271" pagination="148 - 154" refId="ref247841" refString="Hardwick DF (1983) A new species of Schinia (Noctuidae) from central Florida, with description of its life history. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 37: 148 - 154." type="journal article" year="1983">Hardwick (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="271.[140,1097,205,1143]" box="[321,626,205,227]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">
|
||
L:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="COSEWIC & Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada" box="[347,525,205,227]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" refId="ref239940" refString="(COSEWIC) Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (2005) COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Verna's Flower Moth Schinia verna in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, Ottawa, ON, vi + 19 pp." type="book" year="2005">COSEWIC (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
C: UASM
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="271.[140,1097,205,1143]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">
|
||
1888 R
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Grote, 1864) M Jul" authorityName="M Jul" baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[291,873,241,263]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Schinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villosa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,419,241,262]" italics="true" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">Schinia villosa</emphasis>
|
||
(Grote, 1864) M Jul
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– L Jul m – G T:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[347,503,276,298]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref247697" refString="Hardwick DF (1958) Taxonomy, life history, and habits of the elliptoid-eyed species of Schinia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), with notes on the Heliothidinae. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 6: 1 - 116." type="journal article" year="1958">Hardwick (1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[513,562,276,298]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="271.[140,1097,205,1143]" box="[321,752,311,333]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">
|
||
L:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bowman K" box="[347,501,311,333]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" pagination="121 - 165" refId="ref237866" refString="Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165." type="journal article" year="1951">Bowman (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Crumb SE" box="[511,650,311,333]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" pagination="1 - 356" refId="ref240463" refString="Crumb SE (1956) Th e larvae of the Phalaenidae. United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 1135: 1 - 356." type="journal article" year="1956">Crumb (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[660,752,311,333]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="271.[140,1097,205,1143]" box="[344,572,346,368]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">(1996) C: CNC, UASM</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="271.[140,1097,205,1143]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">
|
||
1889 R
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Grote, 1873) M Jun" authorityName="M Jun" baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[291,879,381,404]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Schinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persimilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,447,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">Schinia persimilis</emphasis>
|
||
(Grote, 1873) M Jun
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– L Aug M b G T:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[347,503,417,439]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref247697" refString="Hardwick DF (1958) Taxonomy, life history, and habits of the elliptoid-eyed species of Schinia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), with notes on the Heliothidinae. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 6: 1 - 116." type="journal article" year="1958">Hardwick (1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[513,562,417,439]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="271.[140,1097,205,1143]" box="[321,818,452,474]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">
|
||
L:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bowman K" box="[345,496,452,474]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" pagination="121 - 165" refId="ref237866" refString="Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165." type="journal article" year="1951">Bowman (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[505,657,452,474]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref247697" refString="Hardwick DF (1958) Taxonomy, life history, and habits of the elliptoid-eyed species of Schinia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), with notes on the Heliothidinae. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 6: 1 - 116." type="journal article" year="1958">Hardwick (1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[666,714,452,474]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) C: UASM
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="271.[140,1097,205,1143]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">
|
||
1890 * R
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Harvey, 1875) Jun" authorityName="Jun" baseAuthorityName="Harvey" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[291,851,487,509]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Schinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roseitincta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,454,487,509]" italics="true" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">Schinia roseitincta</emphasis>
|
||
(Harvey, 1875) Jun
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– – G T:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[347,509,522,544]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="271.[140,1097,205,1143]" box="[321,499,558,579]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">L: None C: UASM</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="271.[140,1097,205,1143]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">
|
||
1891 * R
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Grote, 1878)" baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[291,587,593,615]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Schinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutilinea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,452,593,614]" italics="true" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">Schinia acutilinea</emphasis>
|
||
(Grote, 1878)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
E – L Aug – – G T:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[347,509,628,650]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="271.[140,1097,205,1143]" box="[321,765,663,685]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">
|
||
L:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bowman K" box="[347,501,663,685]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" pagination="121 - 165" refId="ref237866" refString="Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165." type="journal article" year="1951">Bowman (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[511,672,663,685]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
C: CNC,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="271.[140,1097,205,1143]" box="[344,485,698,719]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">OLDS, UASM</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="271.[140,1097,205,1143]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">
|
||
1892 R
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Grote, 1865) M Jul" authorityName="M Jul" baseAuthorityName="Grote" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[291,873,733,756]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Schinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cumatilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,445,734,755]" italics="true" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">Schinia cumatilis</emphasis>
|
||
(Grote, 1865) M Jul
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– M Aug m – G T:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[347,509,769,791]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="271.[140,1097,205,1143]" box="[321,765,804,826]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">
|
||
L:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bowman K" box="[347,501,804,826]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" pagination="121 - 165" refId="ref237866" refString="Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165." type="journal article" year="1951">Bowman (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[511,672,804,826]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
C: CNC,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="271.[140,1097,205,1143]" box="[344,560,839,860]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">NFRC, OLDS, UASM</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="271.[140,1097,205,1143]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">
|
||
1893 * R
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Dyar, 1904) L Jul" authorityName="L Jul" baseAuthorityName="Dyar" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[291,864,874,897]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Schinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avemensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,450,874,896]" italics="true" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">Schinia avemensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Dyar, 1904) L Jul
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– M Aug – – G Gold-edged Gem
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="271.[140,1097,205,1143]" box="[321,569,945,967]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">
|
||
T:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[347,503,945,967]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref247697" refString="Hardwick DF (1958) Taxonomy, life history, and habits of the elliptoid-eyed species of Schinia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), with notes on the Heliothidinae. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 6: 1 - 116." type="journal article" year="1958">Hardwick (1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[513,562,945,967]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="271.[140,1097,205,1143]" box="[321,690,980,1002]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">
|
||
L:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="COSEWIC & Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada" box="[347,525,980,1002]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" refId="ref239989" refString="(COSEWIC) Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (2006) COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Gold-edged Gem Schinia avemensis in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, Ottawa, ON, vi + 26 pp." type="book" year="2006">COSEWIC (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
C: CNC, UASM
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="271.[140,1097,205,1143]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">
|
||
1894 * R
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Grote, 1874" authorityName="Grote" authorityYear="1874" box="[291,636,1015,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Melaporphyria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immortua">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,517,1015,1037]" italics="true" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">Melaporphyria immortua</emphasis>
|
||
Grote, 1874
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L May – B g Dark-banded Flower Gem
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="271.[140,1097,205,1143]" box="[321,509,1086,1108]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">
|
||
T:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hardwick DF" box="[347,509,1086,1108]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" refId="ref247914" refString="Hardwick DF (1996) A monograph of the North American Heliothentinae. D. F. Hardwick, Ottawa, ON, 281 pp." type="book" year="1996">Hardwick (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="271.[140,1097,205,1143]" box="[321,664,1121,1143]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">
|
||
L:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bowman K" box="[347,499,1121,1143]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" pagination="121 - 165" refId="ref237866" refString="Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165." type="journal article" year="1951">Bowman (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
C: CNC, UASM
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="271.[140,1108,1189,1496]" box="[140,365,1189,1213]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,365,1189,1213]" italics="true" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">
|
||
63.13.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1852" box="[215,365,1189,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bryophilinae">Bryophilinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="271.[140,1108,1189,1496]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">
|
||
A small group of small to medium-sized (
|
||
<quantity box="[606,733,1222,1249]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" unit="mm" value="30.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="25.0">25–35 mm</quantity>
|
||
wingspan), lichen-mimic moths. Until recently, they were placed in the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[593,741,1258,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Acronictinae">Acronictinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Eggs are laid on rocks or walls near the lichens upon which the larvae feed. Larvae overwinter in silk-lined burrows, and pupation takes place in blisterlike cocoons of silk and lichen fragments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="271.[140,1108,1189,1496]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">
|
||
There are 13 species in a single genus (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[652,740,1363,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cryphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[652,740,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">Cryphia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in North America; the North American species do not belong in the Eurasian genus
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[775,863,1399,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cryphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[775,863,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">Cryphia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but are provisionally maintained therein pending revision (Lafontaine and Schmidt in press). Two species occur in AB.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="271.[140,593,1543,1670]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">
|
||
1895 * R
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,379,1543,1564]" italics="true" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[297,373,1543,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cryphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cryphia</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Smith, 1891)" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[385,593,1543,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivacea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[385,455,1543,1564]" italics="true" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">olivacea</emphasis>
|
||
(Smith, 1891)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L: None C: CNC, UASM
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="271.[140,593,1543,1670]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">
|
||
1896 * R
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,443,1613,1635]" italics="true" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[297,373,1613,1634]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cryphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="271" pageNumber="272" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cryphia</taxonomicName>
|
||
” cuerva
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Barnes, 1907) L: None C: CNC
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="271.[819,1094,1543,1565]" box="[819,1094,1543,1565]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">L Jul M – –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="271.[819,1094,1613,1635]" box="[819,1094,1613,1635]" pageId="271" pageNumber="272">L Jul M – –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="272.[140,1108,168,1672]" box="[140,338,168,192]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,338,168,192]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">
|
||
63.14.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[215,338,168,192]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Noctuinae">Noctuinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="272.[140,1108,168,1672]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">
|
||
Small to medium-sized (
|
||
<quantity box="[422,552,202,229]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" unit="mm" value="37.5" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="15.0">15–60 mm</quantity>
|
||
wingspan) moths, mostly drably colored with a typical ‘noctuiform’ build – the forewings are elongate-triangular and held roof-like or flat and overlapping at rest, and the hindwings usually lack well defined markings. The subfamily is defined by a suite of structural characters (see e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fibiger M & Lafontaine JD" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" pagination="7 - 690" refId="ref244973" refString="Fibiger M, Lafontaine JD (2005) A review of the higher classification of the Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to the holarctic fauna. Esperiana 11: 7 - 690." type="journal article" year="2005">Fibiger and Lafontaine 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is a large group and includes much of what was previously included in the subfamilies
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1837" box="[276,437,378,404]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Amphipyrinae">Amphipyrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1837" box="[501,626,378,404]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hadeninae">Hadeninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; most species of the old concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Amphipyrinae">Amphipyrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been transferred to the tribes
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[649,758,413,439]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Apameini">Apameini</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1837" box="[813,911,413,439]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Xylenini">Xylenini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while the former
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1837" box="[140,262,448,474]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hadeninae">Hadeninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been relegated to several tribes including
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1837" box="[780,890,448,474]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hadenini">Hadenini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In North America, the subfamily is made up of some 1500 species; 468 species are reported from AB.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="273" lastPageNumber="274" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="272.[140,1108,168,1672]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[235,344,519,545]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Apameini">Apameini</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1837" box="[356,451,519,545]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Xylenini">Xylenini</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1837" box="[463,569,519,545]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hadenini">Hadenini</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fibiger & Lafontaine" authorityYear="2005" box="[581,695,519,545]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Eriopygini">Eriopygini</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[753,851,519,545]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Noctuini">Noctuini</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the largest tribes in the subfamily, and include most of the noctuoid species of economic importance. The larvae of many species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[420,526,589,615]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Apameini">Apameini</taxonomicName>
|
||
bore into and feed within the stems and roots of the host plant. Th e largest genera are
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[502,587,625,651]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[502,587,625,651]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Apamea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1899" box="[641,756,625,650]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Papaipema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[641,756,625,650]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Papaipema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both with more than 40 North American species, although
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1899" box="[442,557,660,685]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Papaipema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[442,557,660,685]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Papaipema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is poorly represented in the West. Most of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Xylenini">Xylenini</taxonomicName>
|
||
fly late in the season, with some genera (e.g.,
|
||
<emphasis box="[698,914,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1821" box="[698,819,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lithophane" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lithophane</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1821" box="[830,914,695,721]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Eupsilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eupsilia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) overwintering as adults.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1821" box="[219,337,730,756]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lithophane" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[219,337,730,756]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Lithophane</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes over 50 North American species. Th e
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1837" box="[856,960,730,756]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hadenini">Hadenini</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes 121 North American species, particularly dominant in dry, grasslands and steppe habitats (particularly
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mustelin" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[234,307,801,827]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Anarta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[234,307,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Anarta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[362,501,801,827]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Scotogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[362,501,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Scotogramma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[572,625,800,826]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Polia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[572,625,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Polia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group of genera, which includes pest species such as the Bertha Armyworm (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[478,703,836,862]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Mamestra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="configurata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[478,703,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Mamestra configurata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), was revised by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McCabe TL" box="[880,1056,835,862]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 141" refId="ref255942" refString="McCabe TL (1980) A reclassification of the Polia complex for North America (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). New York State Museum Bulletin 432: 1 - 141." type="journal article" year="1980">McCabe (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fibiger & Lafontaine" authorityYear="2005" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Eriopygini">Eriopygini</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes two particularly large and taxonomically diffi cult genera that are diverse in the West,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McDunnough" authorityYear="1937" box="[274,392,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lacinipolia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[274,392,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Lacinipolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Crabo and Lafontaine" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[445,553,907,932]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[445,553,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Lasionycta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the latter of which was recently revised (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Crabo LG & Lafontaine JD" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 155" refId="ref240367" refString="Crabo LG, Lafontaine JD (2009) A revision of Lasionycta Aurivillius (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) for North America and notes on Eurasian species, with descriptions of 17 new species, 6 new subspecies, a new genus, and two new species of Tricholita Grote. ZooKeys 30: 1 - 155." type="journal article" year="2009">Crabo and Lafontaine 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Th e
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[391,489,941,967]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Noctuini">Noctuini</taxonomicName>
|
||
are dull-colored moths of moderate size, and at rest their wings lie in a characteristically flat and overlapping manner, so that the costa parallels the centerline. Males of most species lack basal abdominal brush organs, and first-instar larvae have clubbed setae on sclerotized pinacula. Larvae of the subfamily are cutworms that are generally polyphagous on herbaceous angiosperms, with later-instar larvae hiding by day in soil or under vegetation, emerging to feed after dark. Many noctuines are serious agricultural pests. Th e tribe is divided into two large subtribes (previously as tribes): the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1005,1103,1152,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Agrotina">Agrotina</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with origins in South America, and the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[590,695,1187,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Noctuina">Noctuina</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with a primarily northern Holarctic steppe distribution. Th ere are approximately 500 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[801,899,1223,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Noctuini">Noctuini</taxonomicName>
|
||
in North America (including a number of undescribed species) in about 45 genera. A total of 197 species in 36 genera are reported here for AB, including 86 species in the large genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1821" box="[948,1012,1294,1319]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Euxoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[948,1012,1294,1319]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Euxoa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="272.[140,1108,168,1672]" lastBlockId="273.[140,1107,167,228]" lastPageId="273" lastPageNumber="274" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">
|
||
Generic revisions of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[414,531,1328,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Noctuinae">Noctuinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
include
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Mustelin 2006)" baseAuthorityName="Mustelin" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[628,898,1328,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Anarta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[628,703,1329,1355]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Anarta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mustelin T" box="[719,890,1328,1355]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref259651" refString="Mustelin T (2006) Taxonomy of southern California Erebidae and Noctuidae (L.) with descriptions of twenty-one new species. Zootaxa 1278: 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="2006">Mustelin 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Mikkola et al. 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Mikkola" baseAuthorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Apamea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[909,996,1329,1355]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Apamea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mikkola K & Lafontaine JD & Gill J" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" refId="ref257542" refString="Mikkola K, Lafontaine JD, Gill J (2009) Noctuoidea: Noctuidae (part): Xyleninae (part): Apameini (part - Apamea group of genera). Fascicle 26.9. In: Hodges RW (Ed) Th e Moths of North America. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, D. C., 192 pp." type="book" year="2009">Mikkola et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[287,398,1364,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Coranarta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[287,398,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Coranarta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lafontaine JD & Mikkola K & Kononenko VS" box="[414,681,1363,1390]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" pagination="931 - 937" refId="ref253384" refString="Lafontaine JD, Mikkola K, Kononenko VS (1987 a) Anarta cordigera (Thunberg) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Hadeninae), a species complex. Th e Canadian Entomologist 119: 931 - 937." type="journal article" year="1987">Lafontaine et al. 1987a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yela JL" box="[694,809,1363,1390]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref270418" refString="Yela JL (2002) Th e internal genitalia as a taxonomic tool: description of the relict endemic moth, Coranarta restricta sp. n., from the Iberian Peninsula (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Hadeninae). Entomologica Fennica 13: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="2002">Yela 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Troubridge and Lafontaine 2007)" baseAuthorityName="Troubridge and Lafontaine" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Brachylomia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,965,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Brachylomia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Troubridge JT & Lafontaine JD" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" pagination="209 - 227" refId="ref268746" refString="Troubridge JT, Lafontaine JD (2007) A revision of the North American species of Brachylomia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Xyleninae) with descriptions of four new species. The Canadian Entomologist 139: 209 - 227." type="journal article" year="2007">Troubridge and Lafontaine 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Lafontaine and Troubridge 2003)" baseAuthorityName="Lafontaine and Troubridge" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[396,866,1399,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cosmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[396,476,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Cosmia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lafontaine JD & Troubridge JT" box="[490,858,1399,1425]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" pagination="325 - 336" refId="ref253696" refString="Lafontaine JD, Troubridge JT (2003) Review of the genus Cosmia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in North America, with description of a new species. Th e Canadian Entomologist 135: 325 - 336." type="journal article" year="2003">Lafontaine and Troubridge 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[877,970,1399,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Elaphria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[877,970,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Elaphria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Saluke SV & Pogue MG" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" pagination="233 - 270" refId="ref265098" refString="Saluke SV, Pogue MG (2000) Resolution of the Elaphria festivoides (Guenee) species complex (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 102: 233 - 270." type="journal article" year="2000">Saluke and Pogue 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pogue MG & Sullivan JB" box="[292,580,1434,1460]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" pagination="331 - 347" refId="ref261598" refString="Pogue MG, Sullivan JB (2003) Re-evaluation of the Elaphria festivoides (Guenee) species complex (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 105: 331 - 347." type="journal article" year="2003">Pogue and Sullivan 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1821" box="[602,687,1435,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Enargia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[602,687,1435,1460]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Enargia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Schmidt in press),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schrank" authorityYear="1802" box="[922,1008,1434,1460]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hadena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[922,1008,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Hadena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hacker H" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" pagination="726 - 775" refId="ref247286" refString="Hacker H (1996) Revision der Gattung Hadena Schrank, 1802 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) [Revision of the genus Hadena Schrank, 1802 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)]. Esperiana 5: 726 - 775." type="journal article" year="1996">Hacker 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Troubridge JT & Crabo L" box="[214,541,1469,1495]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" pagination="109 - 154" refId="ref268558" refString="Troubridge JT, Crabo L (2002) A review of the Nearctic species of Hadena Schrank, 1802 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with descriptions of six new species. Fabreries 27: 109 - 154." type="journal article" year="2002">Troubridge and Crabo 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Troubridge and Lafontaine 2004)" baseAuthorityName="Troubridge and Lafontaine" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[563,1039,1469,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Hyppa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[563,634,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Hyppa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Troubridge JT & Lafontaine JD" box="[651,1031,1469,1495]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" pagination="299 - 311" refId="ref268711" refString="Troubridge JT, Lafontaine JD (2004) Revision of the genus Hyppa (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with description of a new species. Th e Canadian Entomologist 136: 299 - 311." type="journal article" year="2004">Troubridge and Lafontaine 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Crabo and Lafontaine 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Crabo and Lafontaine" baseAuthorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Lasionycta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Lasionycta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Crabo LG & Lafontaine JD" box="[224,548,1504,1530]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 155" refId="ref240367" refString="Crabo LG, Lafontaine JD (2009) A revision of Lasionycta Aurivillius (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) for North America and notes on Eurasian species, with descriptions of 17 new species, 6 new subspecies, a new genus, and two new species of Tricholita Grote. ZooKeys 30: 1 - 155." type="journal article" year="2009">Crabo and Lafontaine 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Crabo and Hammond 1997)" baseAuthorityName="Crabo and Hammond" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[570,1028,1504,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Mesogona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[570,675,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Mesogona</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Crabo L & Hammond PC" box="[691,1018,1504,1530]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" pagination="83 - 98" refId="ref240327" refString="Crabo L, Hammond PC (1997) A revision of Mesogona Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) for North America with descriptions of two new species. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 34: 83 - 98." type="journal article" year="1997">Crabo and Hammond 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Clarke 1940)" baseAuthorityName="Clarke" baseAuthorityYear="1940" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nedra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1041,1107,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Nedra</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Clarke JFG" box="[147,290,1539,1566]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" pagination="39 - 52" refId="ref239649" refString="Clarke JFG (1940) A study of the North American moths formerly referred to Delta Saalmuller, with two new species. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 39: 39 - 52." type="journal article" year="1940">Clarke 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Troubridge and Lafontaine 2002)" baseAuthorityName="Troubridge and Lafontaine" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[310,790,1539,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Neoligia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[310,399,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Neoligia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Troubridge JT & Lafontaine JD" box="[413,782,1539,1566]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" pagination="157 - 191" refId="ref268667" refString="Troubridge JT, Lafontaine JD (2002) Revision of the species of the " Oligia " semicana group (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with descriptions of a new genus and 12 new species. The Canadian Entomologist 134: 157 - 191." type="journal article" year="2002">Troubridge and Lafontaine 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Todd and Poole 1980)" baseAuthorityName="Todd and Poole" baseAuthorityYear="1980" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Spodoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[800,917,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Spodoptera</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Todd EL & Poole RW" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" pagination="722 - 738" refId="ref268306" refString="Todd EL, Poole RW (1980) Keys and illustrations for the armyworm moths of the Noctuid genus Spodoptera Guenee from the Western Hemisphere. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 73: 722 - 738." type="journal article" year="1980">Todd and Poole 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(McDunnough 1949)" baseAuthorityName="McDunnough" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[278,635,1575,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Stretchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[278,371,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Stretchia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McDunnough JH" box="[390,626,1575,1601]" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref256830" refString="McDunnough JH (1949) A study of the species of the genus Stretchia (Lepidoptera: Phalaenidae: Hadeninae). American Museum Novitates 1436: 1 - 29." type="journal article" year="1949">McDunnough 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Th e North American
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[903,1004,1575,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Noctuini">Noctuini</taxonomicName>
|
||
were recently revised in three volumes of the
|
||
<emphasis box="[568,831,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="272" pageNumber="273">Moths of North America</emphasis>
|
||
series (Lafontaine 1987, 1998, 2004). AB records from older works on the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[705,825,1645,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="272" pageNumber="273" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Noctuinae">Noctuinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, particularly in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1821" box="[140,206,167,192]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Euxoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="273" pageNumber="274" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[140,206,167,192]" italics="true" pageId="273" pageNumber="274">Euxoa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are not comprehensively listed here, because they are superseded by Lafontaine’s works. Many of the genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[475,592,202,228]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="273" pageNumber="274" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Noctuinae">Noctuinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are still in need of taxonomic revision.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |