242 lines
19 KiB
XML
242 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748525" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6384b520-7e9f-4874-a414-76c2e9b01d74" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3748525" approvalRequired="1" checkinTime="1586358796837" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Burgin, Connor" docDate="2019" docId="885887A2FFC18A27FF69EFAAF4D0D285" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Rhinolophidae.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Rhinolophus damarensis Roberts 1946" docType="treatment" docVersion="21" lastPageNumber="293" masterDocId="7461FFDAFFCF8A29FFCCFFA1FF85D963" masterDocTitle="Rhinolophidae" masterLastPageNumber="332" masterPageNumber="280" pageNumber="293" updateTime="1658949228820" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Rhinolophidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Burgin, Connor</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Editor</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mittermeier, Russell A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>280</mods:start>
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<mods:end>332</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748525</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">6384b520-7e9f-4874-a414-76c2e9b01d74</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3748525</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3808835" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163550026" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3808835" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFC18A27FF69EFAAF4D0D285" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/885887A2FFC18A27FF69EFAAF4D0D285" lastPageNumber="293" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">
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<subSubSection box="[165,921,4107,4168]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph blockId="14.[163,1610,4106,4216]" box="[165,921,4107,4168]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">
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<figureCitation box="[165,235,4107,4168]" captionStart="On" captionStartId="14.[164,207,4337,4364]" captionTargetBox="[105,3488,151,4690]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="On following pages: 27. African Forest Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus silvestris); 28. Upland Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus hillorum); 29. Sakeji Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus sakejiensis); 30. Bokhara Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus bocharicus); 31. Greater Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum); 32. Geoffrey's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus clivosus); 33. Greater Japanese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus nippon); 34. Horacek's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus horaceki); 35. Maclaud's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus maclaudi); 36. Ziama Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus ziama); 37. Hill's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus hilli); 38. Kahuzi Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus kahuzi); 39. Willard's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus willardi); 40. Ruwenzori Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus ruwenzorii); 41. Chinese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis); 42. Big-eared Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus macrotis); 43. Osgood's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus osgoodi); 44. Allen's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus episcopus); 45. Thai Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus siamensis); 46, Schnitzler's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus schnitzten); M. King Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus rex); 48. Marshall’s Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus marshalli)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3748529/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">25</figureCitation>
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. Damare Horseshoe
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[826,921,4107,4168]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">Bat</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[986,1610,4107,4168]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[163,1610,4106,4216]" box="[986,1610,4107,4168]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Roberts" authorityYear="1946" box="[986,1610,4107,4168]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="293" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="damarensis">
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<emphasis box="[986,1610,4107,4168]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">Rhinolophus damarensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[164,1445,4182,4209]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[163,1610,4106,4216]" box="[164,1445,4182,4209]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">
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French:
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<emphasis box="[277,536,4182,4209]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">Rhinolophe damara</emphasis>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[563,686,4182,4209]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">German:</emphasis>
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Damara-Hufeisennase /
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1021,1144,4182,4209]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">Spanish:</emphasis>
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Herradura de Damara
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="293" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[2701,3504,362,931]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">
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Taxonomy.
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<taxonomicName authority="Roberts, 1946" authorityName="Roberts" authorityYear="1946" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="293" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="darlingi" subSpecies="damarensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">Rhinolophus darlingi damarensis</emphasis>
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Roberts, 1946
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="293" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[2701,3504,362,931]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2597533946" country="Namibia" location="Oserikari, Okahandja district" pageId="14" pageNumber="293" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="type">
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“
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFC18A27FF69EFAAF4D0D285:052E606FFFC18A27F3C7FE3EF490D898" country="Namibia" name="Oserikari, Okahandja district" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">Oserikari, Okahandja district</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2858,3187,468,507]" name="Namibia" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">South-west Africa</collectingCountry>
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[=
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:885887A2FFC18A27FF69EFAAF4D0D285:052E606FFFC18A27F37BFE75F221D898" box="[3255,3492,468,507]" country="Namibia" name="Damaraland" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">Damaraland</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2703,2876,521,560]" name="Namibia" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">Namibia</collectingCountry>
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].
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</materialsCitation>
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”
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="293" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[2701,3504,362,931]" lastBlockId="14.[1874,3502,944,3046]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">
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Although currently considered in the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schreber" authorityYear="1774" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="293" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ferrumequinum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">ferrumequinum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Roberts" authorityYear="1946" box="[3250,3504,628,667]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="293" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="damarensis">
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<emphasis box="[3250,3504,628,667]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">R damarensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been recovered as sister to the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruppell" authorityYear="1842" box="[3326,3502,680,719]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="293" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fumigatus">
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<emphasis box="[3326,3502,680,719]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">fumigatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group; additional phylogenetic research is needed.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Roberts" authorityYear="1946" box="[2874,3297,786,825]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="293" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="damarensis">
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<emphasis box="[2874,3297,786,825]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">Rhinolophus damarensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was
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<emphasis box="[3398,3500,786,825]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">previously</emphasis>
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included as a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[3317,3503,839,878]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="293" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darlingi">
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<emphasis box="[3317,3503,839,878]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">R darlingi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but is
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<emphasis box="[2821,2900,892,931]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">now</emphasis>
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recognized as a distinct species based on molecular and morphological evidence. There seems to be morphological and molecular variation between northern and southern populations.
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<emphasis box="[3102,3304,997,1036]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">Monotypic</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1879,3012,1050,1089]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3749958" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3749958" box="[1879,3012,1050,1089]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3749958/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="293" targetBox="[1877,2673,362,920]" targetPageId="14">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[1874,3502,944,3046]" box="[1879,3012,1050,1089]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">
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Distribution. SW
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<collectingCountry box="[2202,2344,1050,1089]" name="Angola" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">Angola</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2363,2528,1050,1089]" name="Namibia" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">Namibia</collectingCountry>
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, and W &
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<emphasis box="[2726,2755,1050,1089]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">C</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry box="[2766,3007,1050,1089]" name="South Africa" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="293" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[1874,3502,944,3046]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">
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Descriptive
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2111,2217,1103,1142]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">notes</emphasis>
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. Head-body c.61-
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<quantity box="[2569,2757,1103,1142]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="6.4" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="14" pageNumber="293" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="64.0" valueMin="6.0">6-64 mm</quantity>
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, tail 21-
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<quantity box="[2920,3105,1103,1142]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="14" pageNumber="293" unit="mm" value="19.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="4.0">4-35 mm</quantity>
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, ear 15-2-22-
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<quantity box="[3374,3491,1103,1142]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="293" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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, forearm 44-52-
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<quantity box="[2175,2291,1156,1195]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="293" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
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; weight
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<quantity box="[2456,2586,1156,1195]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="14" pageNumber="293" unit="g" value="11.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="8.0">8-14 g</quantity>
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. The Damara Horseshoe
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[3088,3152,1156,1195]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">Bat</emphasis>
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is externally similar to Darling’s Horseshoe
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2404,2468,1209,1248]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">Bat</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis box="[2495,2721,1209,1248]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">
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AE
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<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1905" box="[2559,2704,1209,1248]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="293" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darlingi">darlingi</taxonomicName>
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).
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</emphasis>
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Dorsal pelage is gray, brownish gray, or grayish brown; venter is paler. There is no orange morph. Males lack axillary tufts. Ears are short. Noseleaf has large subtriangular lancet, with slighdy concave sides and blundy pointed dp; connecting process is smoothly rounded and subequal to height of sella or slighdy shorter; sella is naked, with concave sides and broad, rounded tip; and horseshoe is of medium width at
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<quantity box="[2601,2780,1473,1512]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="293" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="7.0">7-11 mm</quantity>
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,
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<emphasis box="[2802,2920,1473,1512]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">nearly</emphasis>
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covers muzzle, and has lateral leaflets and deep median emargination. Lower lip has one medial groove. Wings and uropatagium are translucent gray to black. Baculum has short, dorso-ventrally flattened basal cone, with dorsal and ventral incisions, and sides of shaft are generally more convex before tapering to a point. Skull is robust, with thick zygomatic arches (zygomatic width is larger than mastoid width); nasal swellings are medium in relative height; frontal depression is shallow to moderately deep, and supraorbital ridges are well defined; sagittal crest is somewhat well developed anteriorly but
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||
<emphasis box="[3300,3427,1846,1885]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">weakly</emphasis>
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||
developed to absent
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<emphasis box="[2238,2443,1899,1938]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">posteriorly</emphasis>
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; and interpterygoid groove is conspicuous. P2 is small and
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<emphasis box="[1962,2171,1952,1991]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">completely</emphasis>
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displaced labially or absent, allowing
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<emphasis box="[2885,2916,1952,1991]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">C</emphasis>
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1 and P4 to touch; P3 is tiny and completely displaced labially or absent; and P2 and P4 are in contact. Dental formula is variable: 11/2,
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<emphasis box="[2170,2199,2058,2097]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">C</emphasis>
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1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 30; 11/2, C 1/1, P 1/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 28; I 1/2,
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<emphasis box="[1972,2001,2111,2150]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">C</emphasis>
|
||
1/1, P 2/3, M 3/3 (x2) = 32; or 11/2, C 1/1, P 1/3, M 3/3 (x2) = 30.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="293" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[1874,3502,944,3046]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1877,2028,2165,2204]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Arid savanna,
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<emphasis box="[2328,2519,2165,2204]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">Succulent</emphasis>
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and Nama Karoo biomes, shrublands, and desert habitats.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[1874,3502,944,3046]" box="[1876,3039,2271,2310]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1876,2059,2271,2310]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">Food and</emphasis>
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Feeding. Damara Horseshoe Bats are insectivorous.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[1874,3502,944,3046]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">Breeding. Reproduction of the Damara Horseshoe Bat is probably similar to that of Darling’s Horseshoe Bat, but no specific data are available.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[1874,3502,944,3046]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1874,2197,2430,2469]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Damara Horseshoe Bats are nocturnal. They mainly roost in caves, but they have been found in abandoned mine shafts. Call shape is FM/CF/FM, F component is 84-4-87-6 kHz in females and 84-4-86-9 kHz in males, and call duration has been recorded averaging 31-1 milliseconds.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[1874,3502,944,3046]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1876,2811,2643,2682]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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The Damara Horseshoe
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[3283,3348,2643,2682]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">Bat</emphasis>
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is social and forms colonies of less than 100 individuals.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="293" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[1874,3502,944,3046]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1877,2077,2748,2787]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">Status and</emphasis>
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Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on 77
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<emphasis box="[3017,3044,2748,2787]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">ie</emphasis>
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IUCN
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<emphasis box="[3172,3326,2748,2787]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">ed List.</emphasis>
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The Damara Horseshoe Bat is widespread but might be threatened by habitat destruction and mining.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="293" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[1874,3502,944,3046]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1877,2084,2913,2940]" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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ACR (2018),
|
||
<emphasis box="[2284,2397,2913,2940]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">Cotterill</emphasis>
|
||
& Happold (2013a), Jacobs, Babiker
|
||
<emphasis box="[2953,3006,2913,2940]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">eta</emphasis>
|
||
/. (2013), Jacobs, Bastian & Bam (2014), Jacobs, Taylor
|
||
<emphasis box="[2206,2237,2966,2993]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">et</emphasis>
|
||
al. (2016), Maluleke (2017), Maluleke
|
||
<emphasis box="[2806,2838,2966,2993]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">et</emphasis>
|
||
al. (2017), Monadjem, Higgins et al. (2008), Monadjem, Jacobs,
|
||
<emphasis box="[2171,2258,3019,3046]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">Taylor</emphasis>
|
||
et al. (2017), Monadjem, Taylor
|
||
<emphasis box="[2726,2758,3019,3046]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="293">et</emphasis>
|
||
al. (2010).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |