192 lines
23 KiB
XML
192 lines
23 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="397EA8785A3C73E947D15F8A9E3967B2">Tadpoles of Central Amazonia (Amphibia: Anura)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A43F5879461E0D016C27CB502C9FC975">Schiesari, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="73ACFB5F9349D36E32AE9A2EB3E71539">Rossa-Feres, Denise De Cerqueira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B0A709F6B361082A8F714C56247B7205">Menin, Marcelo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EB1115318EE6D2E9BA93D3EFD0F76436">Hödl, Walter</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="B31987BBFFE5FFCDE0D054028CC5FE71" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7517998" ID-GBIF-Taxon="208789545" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7517998" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B31987BBFFE5FFCDE0D054028CC5FE71" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B31987BBFFE5FFCDE0D054028CC5FE71" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FFE5FFCFE0D054028DCEF825" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFE5FFCFE0D054028C4BF995" blockId="36.[151,1437,1582,2041]" box="[151,364,1582,1609]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<heading id="604781C1FFE5FFCFE0D054028C4BF995" bold="true" box="[151,364,1582,1609]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFE5FFCFE0D054028C4BF995" ID-CoL="66B42" ID-ENA="161872" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[151,364,1582,1609]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hahneli">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE5FFCFE0D054028C4BF995" bold="true" box="[151,364,1582,1609]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Ameerega hahneli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFE5FFCFE080547E8DCEF825" blockId="36.[151,1437,1582,2041]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE5FFCFE080547E8CE9F9B1" bold="true" box="[199,462,1619,1645]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">External morphology.</emphasis>
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Description based on five tadpoles at Stages 36 and 37 (CZPB-LA 184/411, 196/439, 200/453). Total length 24.8 ±
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<quantity id="FC489B48FFE5FFCFE1A5545A8F10F94E" box="[482,567,1655,1682]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
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(N = 5). Body oval in dorsal view and globular/depressed in lateral view (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FFE5FFCFE528545A8DCDF969" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1260,1284]" captionTargetBox="[180,1406,187,1223]" captionTargetId="figure-20@37.[151,1436,181,1236]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 14. Tadpole of Ameerega hahneli (CZPB 196/449) at Stage 36: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7517996" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7517996/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 14A, B</figureCitation>
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). Snout rounded in both dorsal and lateral views. Eyes medium-sized, dorsally positioned and directed laterally. Nostrils small, oval, positioned and directed laterally, near to snout, without a projection on the marginal rim. Oral disc (
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<figureCitation id="A38B2A28FFE5FFCFE14B54CE8C57F921" box="[268,368,1763,1789]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1260,1284]" captionTargetBox="[180,1406,187,1223]" captionTargetId="figure-20@37.[151,1436,181,1236]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 14. Tadpole of Ameerega hahneli (CZPB 196/449) at Stage 36: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7517996" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7517996/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 14C</figureCitation>
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) anteroventral, laterally emarginate; marginal papillae triangular, uniseriate, positioned only on the posterior labium. Submarginal papillae absent. LTRF 1/2; P1 slightly longer than P2. Jaw sheaths narrow, finely serrated; anterior jaw sheath W-shaped with a medial notch, posterior jaw sheath V-shaped. Spiracle single, sinistral, conical, short and wide, posteriorly directed, opening in the medial third of the body, with the centripetal wall fused to the body wall and longer than the external wall. Vent tube dextral, fused to the ventral fin, with a medial opening. Caudal musculature of moderate width; in lateral view gradually tapering to a pointed tip. Dorsal fin shallow and convex originating at the anterior third of the tail; ventral fin shallow, convex. Tail tip narrow rounded. Lateral line visible.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="6FCF6625FFE4FFCEE0D056C18C9BFAF4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7517996" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7517996" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7517996/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" startId="37.[151,250,1260,1284]" targetBox="[180,1406,187,1223]" targetPageId="37">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFE4FFCEE0D056C18C9BFAF4" blockId="37.[151,1437,1260,1320]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE4FFCEE0D056C18C38FAD8" bold="true" box="[151,287,1260,1284]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
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Tadpole of
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<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFE4FFCEE1D156C08F69FAD8" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[406,590,1260,1284]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Ameerega" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hahneli">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE4FFCEE1D156C08F69FAD8" box="[406,590,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Ameerega hahneli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(CZPB 196/449) at Stage 36: (A) lateral view, (B) dorsal view (scale = 10 mm), and (C) oral disc (scale = 1 mm).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="73AA6526FFE4FFCEE080577B8C5FF969" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFE4FFCEE080577B8FEFFA49" blockId="37.[151,1437,1366,1933]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE4FFCEE080577B8C07FAAC" bold="true" box="[199,288,1366,1392]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Colour.</emphasis>
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In preservative, body dark brown; caudal musculature light brown; fins translucent; caudal musculature and fins with innumerous small dark brown spots.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFE4FFCEE08057B38DC7F9DD" blockId="37.[151,1437,1366,1933]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE4FFCEE08057B38C18FA64" bold="true" box="[199,319,1438,1464]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Variation.</emphasis>
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Number of marginal papillae varied from 10–14 at Stage 25 to 16 at Stage 38 (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFE4FFCEE48657B388B6FA65" author="Menin, M. & Pinto, R. M. C. & Pegorini, R. J. & Silva, M. R." box="[1217,1425,1438,1465]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="236 - 243" refId="ref81170" refString="Menin, M., Pinto, R. M. C., Pegorini, R. J. & Silva, M. R. (2017) Redescription of the tadpole of Ameerega hahneli (Boulenger, 1884) (Anura: Dendrobatidae) with notes on ontogenetic variations and development habitats. South American Journal of Herpetology, 12, 236 - 243. https: // doi. org / 10.2994 / SAJH-D- 17 - 00052.1" type="journal article" year="2017">
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Menin
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE4FFCEE55357B2886AFA64" box="[1300,1357,1438,1464]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
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2017
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Variations in ventral coloration were observed at all stages, revealing or concealing the digestive tract (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFE4FFCEE55457EF8DF3F9DD" author="Menin, M. & Pinto, R. M. C. & Pegorini, R. J. & Silva, M. R." pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="236 - 243" refId="ref81170" refString="Menin, M., Pinto, R. M. C., Pegorini, R. J. & Silva, M. R. (2017) Redescription of the tadpole of Ameerega hahneli (Boulenger, 1884) (Anura: Dendrobatidae) with notes on ontogenetic variations and development habitats. South American Journal of Herpetology, 12, 236 - 243. https: // doi. org / 10.2994 / SAJH-D- 17 - 00052.1" type="journal article" year="2017">
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Menin
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE4FFCEE52257EE88BAFA00" box="[1381,1437,1474,1500]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
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2017
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFE4FFCEE08054268C5FF969" blockId="37.[151,1437,1366,1933]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE4FFCEE08054268CA2F9F8" bold="true" box="[199,389,1546,1573]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Natural history.</emphasis>
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Eggs are deposited either in leaves on the ground or in large litter-trap leaves of small palms, where males frequently call to attract females (WH pers. obs.). One egg clutch contained
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<specimenCount id="2DB6FD24FFE4FFCEE4D854038834F995" box="[1183,1299,1582,1609]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="egg">eight eggs</specimenCount>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFE4FFCEE56354038C15F9B1" author="Haddad, C. F. B. & Martins, M." pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="282 - 295" refId="ref77698" refString="Haddad, C. F. B. & Martins, M. (1994) Four species of Brazilian poison frogs related to Epipedobates pictus (Dendrobatidae): taxonomy and natural history observations. Herpetologica, 50, 282 - 295." type="journal article" year="1994">Haddad & Martins 1994</bibRefCitation>
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). Tadpoles are carried on the dorsum of the male (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFE4FFCEE323547F895EF9B1" author="Haddad, C. F. B. & Martins, M." box="[868,1145,1618,1645]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="282 - 295" refId="ref77698" refString="Haddad, C. F. B. & Martins, M. (1994) Four species of Brazilian poison frogs related to Epipedobates pictus (Dendrobatidae): taxonomy and natural history observations. Herpetologica, 50, 282 - 295." type="journal article" year="1994">Haddad & Martins 1994</bibRefCitation>
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) to small streamside temporary puddles in terra-firme forests. Puddles range from
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<quantity id="FC489B48FFE4FFCEE363545B8E4EF94D" box="[804,873,1654,1681]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="16.0">16 cm</quantity>
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<superScript id="CCC59BE5FFE4FFCEE32D545B8E55F958" attach="left" box="[874,882,1654,1668]" fontSize="6" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">2</superScript>
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to
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<quantity id="FC489B48FFE4FFCEE3D0545A8EC1F94F" box="[919,998,1655,1683]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="0.34">0.34 m</quantity>
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<quantity id="FC489B48FFE4FFCEE3A25455892BF94C" box="[997,1036,1654,1683]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="in" value="2.0">² in</quantity>
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||
area, and from
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<quantity id="FC489B48FFE4FFCEE4F8545A881FF94D" box="[1215,1336,1654,1681]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="16.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="cm" value="9.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="2.0">2 to 16 cm</quantity>
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in depth (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFE4FFCEE0D854B78C4AF969" author="Menin, M. & Pinto, R. M. C. & Pegorini, R. J. & Silva, M. R." box="[159,365,1690,1717]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="236 - 243" refId="ref81170" refString="Menin, M., Pinto, R. M. C., Pegorini, R. J. & Silva, M. R. (2017) Redescription of the tadpole of Ameerega hahneli (Boulenger, 1884) (Anura: Dendrobatidae) with notes on ontogenetic variations and development habitats. South American Journal of Herpetology, 12, 236 - 243. https: // doi. org / 10.2994 / SAJH-D- 17 - 00052.1" type="journal article" year="2017">
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||
Menin
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE4FFCEE0B654B68C0EF968" box="[241,297,1690,1716]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2017
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="73AA6526FFE4FFCDE08054938CC5FE71" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFE4FFCEE0805493895FF851" blockId="37.[151,1437,1366,1933]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE4FFCEE08054938C68F904" bold="true" box="[199,335,1726,1752]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Comments.</emphasis>
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Tadpoles were described by
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<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFE4FFCEE2D154938E9CF905" author="Haddad, C. F. B. & Martins, M." box="[662,955,1726,1753]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="282 - 295" refId="ref77698" refString="Haddad, C. F. B. & Martins, M. (1994) Four species of Brazilian poison frogs related to Epipedobates pictus (Dendrobatidae): taxonomy and natural history observations. Herpetologica, 50, 282 - 295." type="journal article" year="1994">Haddad & Martins (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from Presidente Figueiredo, Central Amazonia, and by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFE4FFCEE17654CF8CD6F921" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[305,497,1762,1789]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref76557" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2005) Cusco Amazonico - the lives of amphibians and reptiles in an Amazonian rainforest. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 433 pp." type="book" year="2005">Duellman (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFE4FFCEE27454CE8F4DF921" box="[563,618,1763,1789]" name="Peru" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Tadpoles at Stage 25 from Presidente Figueiredo differ from those herein characterized by presenting body highly depressed (body width nearly two times body depth), eyes and nostrils dorsolaterally positioned and directed, labial teeth not yet keratinized, posterior jaw sheath U-shaped (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFE4FFCEE56255078C15F8B5" author="Haddad, C. F. B. & Martins, M." pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="282 - 295" refId="ref77698" refString="Haddad, C. F. B. & Martins, M. (1994) Four species of Brazilian poison frogs related to Epipedobates pictus (Dendrobatidae): taxonomy and natural history observations. Herpetologica, 50, 282 - 295." type="journal article" year="1994">Haddad & Martins 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The description of tadpoles from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="43A7763DFFE4FFCEE2F955628FD6F8B5" box="[702,753,1871,1897]" name="Peru" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
is too short and there is not a drawing, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFE4FFCEE49B556388BBF8B5" author="Duellman, W. E." box="[1244,1436,1870,1897]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref76557" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2005) Cusco Amazonico - the lives of amphibians and reptiles in an Amazonian rainforest. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 433 pp." type="book" year="2005">Duellman (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentions that these tadpoles are similar to those described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5F214B5CFFE4FFCEE30A555F8954F851" author="Haddad, C. F. B. & Martins, M." box="[845,1139,1906,1933]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="282 - 295" refId="ref77698" refString="Haddad, C. F. B. & Martins, M. (1994) Four species of Brazilian poison frogs related to Epipedobates pictus (Dendrobatidae): taxonomy and natural history observations. Herpetologica, 50, 282 - 295." type="journal article" year="1994">Haddad & Martins (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFE7FFCDE0D052BB8921FF08" blockId="38.[151,1436,150,213]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE7FFCDE0D052BB8C06FF6C" bold="true" box="[151,289,150,176]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFE7FFCDE0D052BB8C3BFF6C" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[151,284,150,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">HYLIDAE</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Tadpoles of the hylid species occurring in Central Amazonia belong to nine genera, all of them with free-swimming tadpoles. The morphology of these genera varies considerably.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3B0F36ADFFE7FFCDE0D0532F8CC5FE71" blockId="38.[151,1436,258,429]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE7FFCDE0D0532F8C67FEC1" bold="true" box="[151,320,258,285]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE7FFCDE0AA532E8C67FEC1" bold="true" box="[237,320,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFE7FFCDE0AA532E8C1BFEC1" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" box="[237,316,259,285]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Boana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Boana</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Tadpoles of genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFE7FFCDE264532E8F4BFEC0" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" box="[547,620,259,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Boana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE7FFCDE264532E8F4BFEC0" box="[547,620,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Boana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found in Central Amazonia share the following morphological characteristics: moderate to large size; body ovoid or elongate oval in dorsal view and depressed in lateral view; spiracle sinistral, short and wide; dorsal fin of moderate height, ventral fin generally shallow; vent tube medial with a dextral opening; oral disc anteroventral or ventral; marginal papillae generally uniseriate (biseriate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCB04D2EFFE7FFCDE4A753428865FE54" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1248,1346,366,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Boana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boans">
|
||
<emphasis id="09C4EABFFFE7FFCDE4A753428865FE54" box="[1248,1346,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B. boans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); LTRF variations of 2/3, 2/4 and 3/5.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |