285 lines
31 KiB
XML
285 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="A22C7EE307C71DCCB126DD8CE131545D" ID-CLB-Dataset="45772" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.279426" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a38a17de-34b0-47b8-893f-1488915b8b04" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="279426" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460420156292" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Baldwin, Carole C., Brito, Balam J., Smith, David G., Weigt, Lee A. & Escobar-Briones, Elva" docDate="2011" docId="DA2C87A6FFB5FFBEFF6994544754FB99" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03133p036.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3133" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Apogon maculatus Poey" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="2615FFDEFFA7FFAAFFFE93704237FFFC" masterDocTitle="Identification of early life-history stages of Caribbean Apogon (Perciformes: Apogonidae) through DNA Barcoding" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1698329647009" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5AD73F24D26009D2DD58448A903DF824">
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<mods:title id="77D44CF753B503DB5C435AC66B3C3E94">Identification of early life-history stages of Caribbean Apogon (Perciformes: Apogonidae) through DNA Barcoding</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EAF452DA68C0A60DCE285608AD7B7C8A">Baldwin, Carole C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="C391BADBD44625318D467307497E03EA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="65D80C15E92C03622A94F162115F3916">Brito, Balam J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="FC81AE72C11E9DA723A047FE575152E0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="081BE28C12F2E2C61D93CCA83C795B24">Smith, David G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="EE6942185F5853D667824634A3034E26">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7857C9EEFEA5F32692145591107FBBB9">Weigt, Lee A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5F81A106BB60EA1648E5AC315BD14CB6">Escobar-Briones, Elva</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9941A40BA7AA9B7174AFA8629709C89C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="28E69BED219EF08FDCBA89A004B90F41">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="994D6FF8876989FBDAEC803D2F7F6B48">3133</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="85C116D5D6C27106F9E28F88DED833BC">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="DA2C87A6FFB5FFBEFF6994544754FB99" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5659163" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119426710" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5659163" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA2C87A6FFB5FFBEFF6994544754FB99" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA2C87A6FFB5FFBEFF6994544754FB99" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection id="1A9F653BFFB5FFBEFF6994544754FB99" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="523A36B0FFB5FFB8FF69945443E6F8C2" blockId="18.[151,465,1828,1854]" box="[151,465,1828,1854]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<heading id="097281DCFFB5FFB8FF69945443E6F8C2" bold="true" box="[151,465,1828,1854]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB5FFB8FF69945443E6F8C2" ID-CoL="FSGB" authority="Poey" authorityName="Poey" box="[151,465,1828,1854]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB5FFB8FF69945443E6F8C2" bold="true" box="[151,465,1828,1854]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB5FFB8FF699454434DF8C2" bold="true" box="[151,378,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Apogon maculatus</emphasis>
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(Poey)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="523A36B0FFB5FFB9FF69941A4076FE98" blockId="18.[151,1436,1898,2031]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB5FFB8FF69941A4377F87F" bold="true" box="[151,320,1898,1923]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Identification.</emphasis>
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Fifteen adult specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB5FFB8FD80941B4125F87F" box="[638,786,1899,1923]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB5FFB8FD80941B4125F87F" box="[638,786,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. maculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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provided the basis for genetic identification of one larva and three juveniles (Appendix 1, one adult is shown in
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<figureCitation id="CABE2A35FFB5FFB8FD0594FF417AF85B" box="[763,845,1935,1959]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1024,1047]" captionTargetBox="[173,1403,398,966]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[151,1436,395,1003]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 21. Apogon maculatus, adult, 38.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 4170, photograph by L. Weigt." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279446/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
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). The combination of characters that distinguishes
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB5FFB8FA7A94FF433DF837" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB5FFB8FA7A94FF433DF837" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A. maculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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adults from other
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB5FFB8FE2894C3401AF837" box="[470,557,1971,1995]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB5FFB8FE2894C3401AF837" box="[470,557,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Apogon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species is eight segmented anal-fin rays, lateral-line and body scales of similar size, a dark pupil-size spot present below the posterior end of the second dorsal fin, 17–20 circum-caudal-peduncle scales, and a large, dark caudal blotch that extends ventrally well below the lateral midline (
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<bibRefCitation id="36144B41FFB4FFB9FB3993E742E5FF28" author="Bohlke" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Bohlke, J. E. & Chaplin, C. C. G. (1993) Fishes of the Bahamas and Adjacent Tropical Waters. Second Edition. University of Texas Press, Austin, 771 pp." type="book" year="1993">Böhlke & Chaplin 1993</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="36144B41FFB4FFB9FF2393CC4366FF28" author="Gon" box="[221,337,188,212]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Gon, O. (2002) Apogonidae. In: Carpenter, K. (Ed.) The living marine resources of the Western Central North Atlantic. Vol. 3: Bony fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and marine mammals. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes and American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication No. 5, Rome, pp. 1386 - 1391." type="book chapter" year="2002">Gon 2002</bibRefCitation>
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). One adult specimen from
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<collectingCountry id="2A927620FFB4FFB9FD7A93CC40F9FF28" box="[644,718,188,212]" name="Belize" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Belize</collectingCountry>
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, BLZ 5023, is more divergent in COl from other specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB4FFB9FA7593CC433DFF04" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB4FFB9FA7593CC433DFF04" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A maculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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than is typical within the genus (
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<figureCitation id="CABE2A35FFB4FFB9FD8293AF408AFF0B" box="[636,701,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,241,1979,2000]" captionTargetBox="[406,1167,188,1954]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[399,1193,181,1967]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Neighbor-joining tree derived from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 sequences showing genetic lineages of Apogon species from Bahamas (BAH), Belize (BLZ), Curaçao (CUR), Florida (FCC, FWRI, SMS), and Saba Bank (SAB). L = larva, J = juvenile, A = adult." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279427/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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), but the specimen does not appear remarkably different morphologically. In the combined data set (see summary data in Table 1), average intraspecific variation in
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB4FFB9FB0E927447B5FEE0" box="[1264,1410,260,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB4FFB9FB0E927447B5FEE0" box="[1264,1410,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. maculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is 1%, whereas in most other
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB4FFB9FE3492584016FEBC" box="[458,545,296,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB4FFB9FE3492584016FEBC" box="[458,545,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Apogon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species it is 0%.
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB4FFB9FD189258418AFEBC" box="[742,957,296,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pillionatus">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB4FFB9FD189258418AFEBC" box="[742,957,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Apogon pillionatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB4FFB9FC0A92584697FEBC" box="[1012,1184,296,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurolineatus">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB4FFB9FC0A92584697FEBC" box="[1012,1184,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. aurolineatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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also are characterized by 1% average intraspecific variation.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="06FA6638FFB4FFB9FF6997704640FBEA" box="[151,1143,1024,1047]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279446/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" targetBox="[173,1403,398,966]" targetPageId="19">
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<paragraph id="523A36B0FFB4FFB9FF6997704640FBEA" blockId="19.[151,1143,1024,1047]" box="[151,1143,1024,1047]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB4FFB9FF6997704328FBEA" bold="true" box="[151,287,1024,1047]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FIGURE 21.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB4FFB9FEDB977143D4FBEA" box="[293,483,1024,1046]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB4FFB9FEDB977143D4FBEA" box="[293,483,1024,1046]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Apogon maculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, adult, 38.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 4170, photograph by L. Weigt.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="523A36B0FFB4FFB9FF399733402CFB5F" blockId="19.[151,1437,1091,1187]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB4FFB9FF3997334399FBA7" bold="true" box="[199,430,1091,1116]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Juveniles (
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<figureCitation id="CABE2A35FFB4FFB9FEB6973343A8FBA0" box="[328,415,1091,1116]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1732,1755]" captionTargetBox="[197,1389,1264,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[176,1411,1240,1710]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 22. Apogon maculatus, juvenile, 22.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 4551, photograph by J. Mounts and C. Baldwin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279447/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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The three juveniles are 16.0–22.0 mm SL. All have the adult pattern of pigmentation except that the caudal-peduncle blotch is not fully developed in all specimens. The juveniles have 13–14 gill rakers on the lower limb of first gill arch.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="06FA6638FFB4FFB9FF6995B44771F926" box="[151,1350,1732,1755]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279447/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" targetBox="[197,1389,1264,1679]" targetPageId="19">
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<paragraph id="523A36B0FFB4FFB9FF6995B44771F926" blockId="19.[151,1350,1732,1755]" box="[151,1350,1732,1755]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB4FFB9FF6995B44328F925" bold="true" box="[151,287,1732,1755]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FIGURE 22.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB4FFB9FEDB95B543DEF926" box="[293,489,1732,1754]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB4FFB9FEDB95B543D2F926" box="[293,485,1732,1754]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">Apogon maculatus</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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juvenile, 22.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 4551, photograph by J. Mounts and C. Baldwin.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="523A36B0FFB4FFB9FF399474472FF8BC" blockId="19.[151,1436,1796,2036]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB4FFB9FF3994744076F8E1" bold="true" box="[199,577,1796,1821]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Comparisons Among Juveniles.</emphasis>
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Juvenile
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB4FFB9FD5094744176F8E0" box="[686,833,1796,1820]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB4FFB9FD5094744176F8E0" box="[686,833,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. maculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be separated from
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB4FFB9FBB69474471DF8E0" box="[1096,1322,1796,1820]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudomaculatus">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB4FFB9FBB69474471DF8E0" box="[1096,1322,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. pseudomaculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and juveniles of other
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB4FFB9FECC945843BEF8BC" box="[306,393,1832,1856]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB4FFB9FECC945843BEF8BC" box="[306,393,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Apogon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by characters listed above (see “Comparisons” under
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<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB4FFB9FC1994584730F8BC" box="[999,1287,1832,1856]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudomaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB4FFB9FC1994584730F8BC" box="[999,1287,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Apogon pseudomaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="523A36B0FFB4FFB9FF39943D419EF808" blockId="19.[151,1436,1796,2036]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB4FFB9FF39943D43B1F899" bold="true" box="[199,390,1868,1893]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
Larva (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CABE2A35FFB4FFB9FEDF943C434EF899" box="[289,377,1868,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="20.[151,250,602,625]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,153,580]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[170,1417,153,581]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 23. Apogon maculatus, larva 12.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 7717, photograph by C. Baldwin and L. Weigt;" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279448/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The single larval specimen, 12.0 mm SL, is largely orange. The fins are mostly clear, but there are orange chromatophores on several rays of the first dorsal fin. There are numerous melanophores on top of the head and behind the eye on the cheek. The dark spot below the posterior portion of the second dorsal-fin base characteristic of juveniles and adults is beginning to develop, and several large, dark melanophores of the incipient caudal-peduncle blotch are present just anterior to the caudal-fin base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="06FA6638FFB3FFBEFF69912A4738FD8C" box="[151,1295,602,625]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279448/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" targetBox="[170,1416,153,580]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="523A36B0FFB3FFBEFF69912A4738FD8C" blockId="20.[151,1295,602,625]" box="[151,1295,602,625]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB3FFBEFF69912A4317FD8C" bold="true" box="[151,288,602,625]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 23.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB3FFBEFEDB912B43D4FD8D" box="[293,483,603,625]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB3FFBEFEDB912B43D4FD8D" box="[293,483,603,625]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Apogon maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, larva 12.0mm SL, DNA # BLZ 7717, photograph by C. Baldwin and L. Weigt;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="523A36B0FFB3FFBEFF3991ED4754FB99" blockId="20.[151,1436,669,1126]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB3FFBEFF3991ED4010FD4A" bold="true" box="[199,551,669,694]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Comparisons Among Larvae.</emphasis>
|
||
The larval specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB3FFBEFCC991ED41FEFD49" box="[823,969,669,693]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB3FFBEFCC991ED41FEFD49" box="[823,969,669,693]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
most closely resembles larval
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB3FFBEFADC91ED42E5FD25" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurolineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB3FFBEFADC91ED42E5FD25" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. aurolineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB3FFBEFEAA91B143F1FD25" box="[340,454,705,729]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phenax">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB3FFBEFEAA91B143F1FD25" box="[340,454,705,729]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. phenax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae in having a bright orange body color, but it differs from those species and all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB3FFBEFF69919542D9FD01" box="[151,238,741,765]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB3FFBEFF69919542D9FD01" box="[151,238,741,765]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Apogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae studied herein in having orange pigment on the first dorsal fin (vs. yellow in
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB3FFBEFB549195476AFD01" box="[1194,1373,741,765]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB3FFBEFB549195476EFD01" box="[1194,1369,741,765]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurolineatus">A. aurolineatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
none in the other species). Additionally, larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB3FFBEFD7B90794121FCDD" box="[645,790,777,801]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB3FFBEFD7B90794121FCDD" box="[645,790,777,801]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have more melanophores on top of the head than
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB3FFBEFABE907942C0FCBA" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB3FFBEFABE907942C4FCBA" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurolineatus">A. aurolineatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Larval
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB3FFBEFEB2905E43E9FCBA" box="[332,478,814,838]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB3FFBEFEB2905E43E9FCBA" box="[332,478,814,838]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks the conspicuous orange spot above the upper lip of
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB3FFBEFB9F905E46E0FCBA" box="[1121,1239,814,838]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB3FFBEFB9F905E46E4FCBA" box="[1121,1235,814,838]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phenax">A. phenax</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the bright yellow pigment on the head of larval
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB3FFBEFE10902140BFFC95" box="[494,648,849,873]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB3FFBEFE10902140B3FC95" box="[494,644,849,873]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planifrons">A. planifrons</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and the distinctive pattern of chromatophores on the fins of larval
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB3FFBEFA7A902142D1FC72" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosavi">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB3FFBEFA7A902142D1FC72" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. mosavi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Caudal-peduncle length may be useful in separating preserved larval
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB3FFBEFBCD900646FCFC72" box="[1075,1227,886,910]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB3FFBEFBCD900646FCFC72" box="[1075,1227,886,910]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from some other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB3FFBEFF6990E942D9FC4D" box="[151,238,921,945]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB3FFBEFF6990E942D9FC4D" box="[151,238,921,945]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Apogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae: peduncle length 30% SL in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB3FFBEFD8190E94126FC4D" box="[639,785,921,945]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB3FFBEFD8190E94126FC4D" box="[639,785,921,945]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs. 32–40% SL in larval
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB3FFBEFBD090E9434DFC2A" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB3FFBEFBD090E94686FC4D" box="[1070,1201,921,945]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binotatus">A.binotatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB3FFBEFB4290E94718FC4D" box="[1212,1327,921,945]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phenax">A. phenax</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB3FFBEFAC490E942E4FC2A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planifrons">A. planifrons</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB3FFBEFF1E90CE4341FC2A" box="[224,374,958,982]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="townsendi">A. townsendi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB3FFBEFE4B90CE403BFC2A" box="[437,524,958,982]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB3FFBEFE4B90CE403BFC2A" box="[437,524,958,982]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Apogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 1. Additionally, the presence of the incipient dark trunk blotches typical of juvenile and adults may indicate precocious development that, in combination with the bright orange body color, could be useful in distinguishing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB3FFBEFDF2977640AAFBE2" box="[524,669,1030,1054]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB3FFBEFDF2977640AAFBE2" box="[524,669,1030,1054]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae from other known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB3FFBEFC3C97764620FBE2" box="[962,1047,1030,1054]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB3FFBEFC3C97764620FBE2" box="[962,1047,1030,1054]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Apogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Among our other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB3FFBEFAB8977647ACFBE2" box="[1350,1435,1030,1054]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB3FFBEFAB8977647ACFBE2" box="[1350,1435,1030,1054]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Apogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae, only an 11.0-mm SL specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB3FFBEFD9E975940F9FBBD" box="[608,718,1065,1089]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phenax">
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB3FFBEFD9E975940F9FBBD" box="[608,718,1065,1089]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. phenax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="CABE2A35FFB3FFBEFD2097594119FBBD" box="[734,814,1065,1089]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1433,1456]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,181,1410]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[155,1432,181,1410]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 12. Apogon phenax a) larva, 9.5 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 6335; b) larva, 10.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 6361; c) larva, 11.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 6359; photographs by J. Mounts and C. Baldwin." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279437/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
c) has the incipient dark bars of juveniles and adults, but the body is considerably paler than in larval
|
||
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB3FFBEFD82973E4126FB9A" box="[636,785,1102,1126]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB3FFBEFD82973E413AFB9A" box="[636,781,1102,1126]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">A. maculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
especially posteriorly. More larval material is needed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |