543 lines
103 KiB
XML
543 lines
103 KiB
XML
<document id="F3C345B32EEA57EAA8DA7C88FFCB301D" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.jcz.2022.11.009" ID-ISSN="1873-2674" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8164187" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1689773325251" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Sørensen, Martin V." docDate="2023" docId="E1787B7E4B099A64075CFB78FD7DFCAD" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolAnz.302.90-101.pdf" docOrigin="Zoologischer Anzeiger (Zool. Anz.) 302" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2022.11.009" docStyle="DocumentStyle:32483D6D135DE2FF927BA3F1400E0FFD.1:ZoolAnz.2022-.journal_article" docStyleId="32483D6D135DE2FF927BA3F1400E0FFD" docStyleName="ZoolAnz.2022-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Echinoderes bengalensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="100" masterDocId="1D4103064B0F9A6E046EFFC1FF93FFE9" masterDocTitle="New data on the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae): A new species from New Caledonia mangroves, and a redescription of E. bengalensis (Timm, 1958)" masterLastPageNumber="101" masterPageNumber="90" pageNumber="96" updateTime="1689932571047" updateUser="tatiana">
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<mods:title id="D1734669A9B71B1153EF12676BE8EDAB">New data on the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae): A new species from New Caledonia mangroves, and a redescription of E. bengalensis (Timm, 1958)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="91424A54E7B2D70264DD3B457E3B9FDA">Sørensen, Martin V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D6005C5B7E1FCF443E53EDC0D3B5D03E">Zoologischer Anzeiger</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F304D5DB5746A7AEF3332105593E37F8">
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<mods:date id="F4A71AB3556D0818645FBDFB7D413399">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="1A2CA124C0CD9466970D4EC6DFAB327E">Zool. Anz.</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="757D6E2A41DB6C9E011567C8EF5AD740">2023-01-31</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="3986618F965450AC4E8E78C07FD828C0">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2022.11.009</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="8A57C2659DE4D16FBB5743B2E8EED9C1" type="DOI">10.1016/j.jcz.2022.11.009</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0BA7D2E184685D66AC2B70FCA312C113" type="ISSN">1873-2674</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E1787B7E4B099A64075CFB78FD7DFCAD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E1787B7E4B099A64075CFB78FD7DFCAD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E1787B7E4B099A64075CFB78FD7DFCAD" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">
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<subSubSection id="21CB99E34B099A68075CFB78FB2DFB25" box="[818,1214,1209,1228]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="696ECA684B099A68075CFB78FB2DFB25" blockId="6.[818,1214,1209,1228]" box="[818,1214,1209,1228]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">
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<heading id="32267D044B099A68075CFB78FB2DFB25" box="[818,1214,1209,1228]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="96" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B099A68075CFB78FB2DFB25" bold="true" box="[818,1214,1209,1228]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">
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3.2.
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<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B099A68070CFB78FB2DFB25" ID-CoL="38HMG" authority="(Timm, 1958)" baseAuthorityName="Timm" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[866,1214,1209,1228]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="6" pageNumber="96" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
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Echinoderes bengalensis (
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<bibRefCitation id="0D40B7994B099A680028FB78FB26FB25" author="Timm, R. W." box="[1094,1205,1209,1228]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96" pagination="107 - 109" refId="ref11753" refString="Timm, R. W., 1958. Two new species of Echinoderella (Phylum Kinorhyncha) from the Bay of bengal. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 55, 107 - 109." type="journal article" year="1958">Timm, 1958</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="3DAE9AE04B099A68040AFB0BFD69FA9D" pageId="6" pageNumber="96" startId="6.[100,150,1226,1242]" targetBox="[116,754,1416,1968]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6" targetType="table">
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<paragraph id="696ECA684B099A68040AFB0BFF34FB32" blockId="6.[100,771,1226,1396]" box="[100,167,1226,1243]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">
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<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B099A68040AFB0BFF34FB32" bold="true" box="[100,167,1226,1243]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">Table 3</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="696ECA684B099A68040AFB25FD69FA9D" blockId="6.[100,771,1226,1396]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">
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Measurements from light microscopy for
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<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B099A68058BFB22FD39FB1D" baseAuthorityName="Timm" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[485,682,1251,1268]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="6" pageNumber="96" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
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<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B099A68058BFB22FD39FB1D" bold="true" box="[485,682,1251,1268]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">Echinoderes bengalensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(in μm), including number of measured specimens (
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<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B099A6805BCFB3FFE4FFAE7" bold="true" box="[466,476,1278,1294]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">n</emphasis>
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) and standard deviation (SD). Abbreviations: LTAS: lateral terminal accessory spine; LTS: lateral terminal spine; LV: lateroventral; MD, middorsal; ML: midlateral; MSW-8: maximum sternal width, measured on segment 8 in this species; S: segment lengths; SW-10, standard width, always measured on segment 10; TL: trunk length; (tu): tube.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="21CB99E34B099A68075CFB30FC37FA0A" pageId="6" pageNumber="96" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="696ECA684B099A68075CFB30FB8EFAED" blockId="6.[818,1487,1265,1508]" box="[818,1053,1265,1284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">
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<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B099A68075CFB30FB8EFAED" bold="true" box="[818,1053,1265,1284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">3.2.1. Emended diagnosis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="696ECA684B099A68073FFACCFC37FA0A" blockId="6.[818,1487,1265,1508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">
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<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B099A68073FFACCFC29FAC9" authorityName="Claparede" authorityYear="1863" box="[849,954,1293,1312]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="6" pageNumber="96" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B099A68073FFACCFC29FAC9" bold="true" box="[849,954,1293,1312]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">Echinoderes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with lateral accessory tubes on segment 5, sublateral tubes on segment 8, and sexually dimorphic laterodorsal tubes on segment 10; spines only present on terminal segment. Large, elongate nephridial sieve plate present in sublateral positions on segment 9. Glandular cell outlets
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<typeStatus id="B66A74CA4B099A680791FABCFBBBFA79" box="[1023,1064,1405,1424]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">type</typeStatus>
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2 not present. Females with strongly reduced lateral terminal accessory spines. Males with well-developed laterodorsal tubes on segment 10, and three pairs of slender penile spines on segment 11.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="696ECA684B099A68041AFA49FD70F859" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">
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<table id="1BD138C84B096591041AFA49FD61F859" box="[116,754,1416,1968]" gridcols="5" gridrows="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">
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<tr id="D7E1C82A4B096591041AFA49FD61FA7E" box="[116,754,1416,1431]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">
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<th id="9430A1564B096591041AFA49FF54FA7E" box="[116,199,1416,1431]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">Character</th>
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<th id="9430A1564B0965910570FA49FEA2FA7E" box="[286,305,1416,1431]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">
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<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B099A680570FA49FEB4FA7F" bold="true" box="[286,295,1416,1430]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">n</emphasis>
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</th>
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<th id="9430A1564B09659105E7FA49FE70FA7E" box="[393,483,1416,1431]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">Range</th>
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<th id="9430A1564B0965910654FA49FDF9FA7E" box="[570,618,1416,1431]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">Mean</th>
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<th id="9430A1564B09659106ACFA49FD61FA7E" box="[706,754,1416,1431]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">SD</th>
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</tr>
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<tr id="D7E1C82A4B096591041AFA6AFD61FA39" box="[116,754,1451,1488]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">
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<th id="9430A1564B096591041AFA6AFF54FA39" box="[116,199,1451,1488]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">TL MSW-8</th>
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<td id="9430A1564B0965910570FA6AFEA2FA39" box="[286,305,1451,1488]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">10 10</td>
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<td id="9430A1564B09659105E7FA6AFE70FA39" box="[393,483,1451,1488]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">257–371 54–61</td>
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<td id="9430A1564B0965910654FA6AFDF9FA39" box="[570,618,1451,1488]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">312 57</td>
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<td id="9430A1564B09659106ACFA6AFD61FA39" box="[706,754,1451,1488]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">37.32 2.00</td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr id="D7E1C82A4B096591041AFA18FD61FA17" box="[116,754,1497,1534]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">
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<th id="9430A1564B096591041AFA18FF54FA17" box="[116,199,1497,1534]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">MSW-8/TL SW-10</th>
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<td id="9430A1564B0965910570FA18FEA2FA17" box="[286,305,1497,1534]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">10 10</td>
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<td id="9430A1564B09659105E7FA18FE70FA17" box="[393,483,1497,1534]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">15.6–21.4% 47–56</td>
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<td id="9430A1564B0965910654FA18FDF9FA17" box="[570,618,1497,1534]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">18.5% 52</td>
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<td id="9430A1564B09659106ACFA18FD61FA17" box="[706,754,1497,1534]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">1.88% 3.50</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="D7E1C82A4B096591041AF9C6FD61F8BC" box="[116,754,1543,1877]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">
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<th id="9430A1564B096591041AF9C6FF54F8BC" box="[116,199,1543,1877]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">SW-10/TL S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11 LV5 (tu) SL8 (tu) LTS Ƌ</th>
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<td id="9430A1564B0965910570F9C6FEA2F8BC" box="[286,305,1543,1877]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 6 8 5</td>
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<td id="9430A1564B09659105E7F9C6FE70F8BC" box="[393,483,1543,1877]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">14.3–18.7% 27–29 29–32 30–33 33–36 35–39 39–43 42–45 45–51 50–55 41–45 22–25 18–22 20–23 65–73</td>
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<td id="9430A1564B0965910654F9C6FDF9F8BC" box="[570,618,1543,1877]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">16.7% 28 31 32 34 37 41 44 49 53 43 23 20 22 69</td>
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<td id="9430A1564B09659106ACF9C6FD61F8BC" box="[706,754,1543,1877]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">1.57% 0.82 0.84 1.08 1.25 1.06 1.25 1.14 1.71 1.79 1.26 1.14 1.37 0.99 3.27</td>
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</tr>
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<tr id="D7E1C82A4B096591041AF89CFD61F86A" box="[116,754,1885,1923]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">
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<th id="9430A1564B096591041AF89CFF54F86A" box="[116,199,1885,1923]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">LTS/TL Ƌ LTS ♀</th>
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<td id="9430A1564B0965910570F89CFEA2F86A" box="[286,305,1885,1923]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">5 5</td>
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<td id="9430A1564B09659105E7F89CFE70F86A" box="[393,483,1885,1923]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">21.7–27.3% 79–71</td>
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<td id="9430A1564B0965910654F89CFDF9F86A" box="[570,618,1885,1923]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">24.1% 16</td>
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<td id="9430A1564B09659106ACF89CFD61F86A" box="[706,754,1885,1923]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">2.34% 0.89</td>
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</tr>
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||
<tr id="D7E1C82A4B096591041AF84AFD61F859" box="[116,754,1931,1968]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">
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<th id="9430A1564B096591041AF84AFF54F859" box="[116,199,1931,1968]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">LTS/TL ♀ LTAS</th>
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<td id="9430A1564B0965910570F84AFEA2F859" box="[286,305,1931,1968]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">5 5</td>
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<td id="9430A1564B09659105E7F84AFE70F859" box="[393,483,1931,1968]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">21.8–27.9% 15–17</td>
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<td id="9430A1564B0965910654F84AFDF9F859" box="[570,618,1931,1968]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">79.8% 23.9</td>
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<td id="9430A1564B09659106ACF84AFD61F859" box="[706,754,1931,1968]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">0.84% 2.40</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="21CB99E34B099A67075CF9C9FF58FF2A" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="6" pageNumber="96" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="696ECA684B099A68075CF9C9FB8FF9F2" blockId="6.[818,1487,1544,1982]" box="[818,1052,1544,1563]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B099A68075CF9C9FB8FF9F2" bold="true" box="[818,1052,1544,1563]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">3.2.2. Material examined</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="696ECA684B099A68073FF9E4FA22F94E" blockId="6.[818,1487,1544,1982]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">
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<materialsCitation id="D9B9C0354B099A68073FF9E4FA3DF94E" collectingDate="1967-01-09" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Dr R.P. Higgins" country="Bangladesh" county="Specimens" latitude="21.5" location="Sonadia Island" longLatPrecision="1264" longitude="91.88333" municipality="Specimens" pageId="6" pageNumber="96" specimenCount="1">
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||
<collectorName id="C424AFBE4B099A68073FF9E4FC21F9D1" box="[849,946,1573,1592]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">Topotypes</collectorName>
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||
collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="C424AFBE4B099A68005CF9E4FBDAF9D1" box="[1074,1097,1573,1592]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">Dr</collectorName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="0FC052AD4B099A68003EF9E4FBF1F9D1" box="[1104,1122,1573,1592]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
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||
<collectorName id="C424AFBE4B099A68000BF9E4FB57F9DE" box="[1125,1220,1572,1592]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">P. Higgins</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="1D6FECA84B099A680084F9E4FAF2F9DE" box="[1258,1377,1572,1592]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96" value="1967-01-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="0D2B15404B099A680084F9E4FAF2F9DE" box="[1258,1377,1572,1592]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96" value="1967-01-09">Jan. 9, 1967</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
from intertidal sediment on the north side of
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||
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|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="11C68AF84B099A680165F981FAE5F9BA" box="[1291,1398,1600,1619]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
|
||
(position ca:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0CE5ACAF4B099A68073BF99DFC36F986" box="[853,933,1622,1647]" degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="96" precision="925" value="21.5">
|
||
21
|
||
<superScript id="9EA467204B099A680703F997FCE5F98D" attach="none" box="[877,886,1622,1636]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">o</superScript>
|
||
30
|
||
<superScript id="9EA467204B099A6807E0F998FC00F98F" attach="right" box="[910,915,1625,1638]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">′</superScript>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0CE5ACAF4B099A6807DFF99DFC6CF986" box="[945,1023,1622,1647]" degrees="91" direction="east" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="96" precision="925" value="91.88333">
|
||
91
|
||
<superScript id="9EA467204B099A6807A4F997FC40F98D" attach="right" box="[970,979,1622,1636]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">o</superScript>
|
||
53
|
||
<superScript id="9EA467204B099A680784F998FC7CF98F" attach="right" box="[1002,1007,1625,1638]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">′</superScript>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), mounted most likely in
|
||
<location id="6C0E9CB34B099A680090F99DFAACF986" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E1787B7E4B099A64075CFB78FD7DFCAD:6C0E9CB34B099A680090F99DFAACF986" box="[1278,1343,1628,1647]" country="Bangladesh" county="Specimens" latitude="21.5" longLatPrecision="1264" longitude="91.88333" municipality="Specimens" name="Hoyer'" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">Hoyer’</location>
|
||
s medium, and deposited at the
|
||
<location id="6C0E9CB34B099A6807A4F9B9FB34F962" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E1787B7E4B099A64075CFB78FD7DFCAD:6C0E9CB34B099A6807A4F9B9FB34F962" box="[970,1191,1656,1675]" country="Bangladesh" county="Specimens" latitude="21.5" longLatPrecision="1264" longitude="91.88333" municipality="Specimens" name="Smithsonian Institution" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">Smithsonian Institution</location>
|
||
, USA, under catalogue numbers USNM-23552
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="890A50124B099A6807D9F955FB89F94E" box="[951,1050,1684,1703]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">Specimens</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
1-70 and USNM-1182922
|
||
<collectingCounty id="800FB2E44B099A680179F955FAE9F94E" box="[1303,1402,1684,1703]" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">Specimens</collectingCounty>
|
||
1-30
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="696ECA684B099A67073FF96EFF58FF2A" blockId="6.[818,1487,1544,1982]" lastBlockId="9.[100,771,148,195]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="6" pageNumber="96">Of the one hundred mounted topotype specimens, a vast majority was unfortunately in a condition that made them unsuitable for detailed examination. The mounting medium had hardened to a point where many specimens started to develop wrinkles or cracks in the trunk cuticle, which obscured observation. Bleaching had furthermore made it difficult to observe minute structures in the trunk cuticle. Among the dorso-ventrally mounted specimens the five most well-preserved males and females, respectively were selected for measuring and further observations: USNM-235522 Sp. 01, 04, 24-26; USNM-1182922 Sp. 08, 47, 48, 50, 55. In addition, morphological observations from three laterally mounted specimens contributed to the redescription: USNM-235522 Sp. 27, 42, 69.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="3DAE9AE04B089A69040AF8EFFEC0F865" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164197" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8164197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8164197/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="97" startId="7.[100,130,1838,1855]" targetBox="[209,1378,151,1808]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="696ECA684B089A69040AF8EFFEC0F865" blockId="7.[100,1488,1837,1932]" pageId="7" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B089A69040AF8EFFF0FF8D6" bold="true" box="[100,156,1838,1855]" pageId="7" pageNumber="97">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Line art illustrations of
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B089A690507F8EFFDBFF8D6" bold="true" box="[361,556,1838,1855]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B089A690507F8EFFDB4F8D6" baseAuthorityName="Timm" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[361,551,1838,1855]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="7" pageNumber="97" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="bengalensis">Echinoderes bengalensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(A) Female, dorsal view. (B) Female, ventral view. (C) Segments 9 to 11 in male with segment 10 retracted into segment 9, dorsal view. (D) Segments 9 to 11 in male with segment 10 retracted into segment 9, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; pe, penile spines; slsi, sublateral sieve plate; slt, sublateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="3DAE9AE04B079A660067FF54FA57FD4C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164199" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8164199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8164199/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="98" startId="8.[1033,1063,149,166]" targetBox="[101,1006,149,1162]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="696ECA684B079A660067FF54FA57FD4C" blockId="8.[1033,1489,149,677]" pageId="8" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B079A660067FF54FBDBFF4F" bold="true" box="[1033,1096,149,166]" pageId="8" pageNumber="98">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Light micrographs showing overviews and details of (A) female topotype, USNM-1182922 24, (B, D) male topotype, USNM-1182922 08, (C, E, I, J) female topotype, USNM-1182922 26, (F) male topotype, USNM-235522 50, (G, H) female topotype, USNM-235522 04, of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B079A6600B8FED4FA08FECF" baseAuthorityName="Timm" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1238,1435,277,294]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="8" pageNumber="98" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B079A6600B8FED4FA08FECF" bold="true" box="[1238,1435,277,294]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="98">Echinoderes bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Sonadia Island, Bangladesh. (A) Ventral overview of female. (B) Ventral overview of male. (C) Segments 1 to 5, dorsal view. (D) Segments 1 to 5, ventral view. (E) Segments 6 to 9, dorsal view. (F) Segments 7 to 10, ventral view. (G) Segments 9 to 10, dorsal view, showing female sexual dimorphism. (H) Segments 9 to 10, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. (I) Segments 9 to 10, dorsal view, showing male sexual dimorphism; inset shows laterodorsal tube of segment 10, and penile spines. (J) Segments 9 to 10, ventral view, showing male sexual dimorphism. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; pe, penile spine; slsi, sublateral sieve plate; slt, sublateral tube; te, tergal extension.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="3DAE9AE04B079A660064FB0BFABDF8E5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164204" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8164204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8164204/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="98" startId="8.[1034,1064,1226,1243]" targetBox="[103,1006,1228,2012]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="696ECA684B079A660064FB0BFABDF8E5" blockId="8.[1034,1489,1226,1804]" pageId="8" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B079A660064FB0BFBD6FB33" bold="true" box="[1034,1093,1226,1243]" pageId="8" pageNumber="98">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Light micrographs showing epibionts, ingested diatoms and additional details of (A) female topotype, USNM-235522 27), (B) female topotype, USNM-235522 42, (C) male topotype, USNM- 235522 47, (E) male topotype, USNM-235522 69, (F) female topotype, USNM-1182922 25, of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B079A6601FDFA88FB04FA9D" baseAuthorityName="Timm" baseAuthorityYear="1958" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="8" pageNumber="98" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B079A6601FDFA88FB04FA9D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="98">Echinoderes bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Sonadia Island, Bangladesh, and for comparison of (D) female holotype, ZMB- 11400, of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B079A6600E9FA57FADAFA4E" box="[1159,1353,1430,1447]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="8" pageNumber="98" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="applicitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B079A6600E9FA57FADAFA4E" bold="true" box="[1159,1353,1430,1447]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="98">Echinoderes applicitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Java, Indonesia. (A) Lateral overview of specimen with bacterial epibionts attached its posterior segments. (B) Segments 8 to 11, lateral view, of specimen with numerous unidentified protist epibionts attached in the intersection between segments 8 and 9. (C) Segments 2 to 7 of specimen with at least three different kinds of ingested diatoms. (D) Segments 10 to 11, dorsal view, of female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B079A6600A2F9A3FABEF99A" box="[1228,1325,1634,1651]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="8" pageNumber="98" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="applicitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B079A6600A2F9A3FABEF99A" bold="true" box="[1228,1325,1634,1651]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="98">E. applicitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (E) Segments 9 to 11, lateral view, of specimens with ingested diatoms exiting its hindgut. (F) Segments 6 to 8, of specimen with at least two different kinds of ingested diatoms. Abbreviations: bac, bacteria; dia, diatoms; met, mid- and subdorsal extension of tergal plate of segment 10; pro, protists; te, tergal extensions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="21CB99E34B069A64040AFF26FD7DFCAD" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="696ECA684B069A67040AFF26FE99FF13" blockId="9.[100,771,231,1980]" box="[100,266,231,250]" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A67040AFF26FE99FF13" bold="true" box="[100,266,231,250]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">3.2.3. Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="696ECA684B069A6704EAFEC5FE33FCE5" blockId="9.[100,771,231,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Due to the condition of these 55 years old specimens, it was difficult to obtain detailed information about minute cuticular structures, such as sensory spots and glandular cell outlets
|
||
<typeStatus id="B66A74CA4B069A67058EFEFAFD9AFEA7" box="[480,521,315,334]" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">type</typeStatus>
|
||
1. The ongoing deterioration, combined with presence of numerous minute marks due to deterioration artefacts, made it extremely hard to visualise these structures. To minimize the risk of confusing actual structures with artefacts, sensory spots and glandular cell outlets
|
||
<typeStatus id="B66A74CA4B069A6705A2FE6AFE66FE57" box="[460,501,427,446]" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">type</typeStatus>
|
||
1 are only reported if they appeared as a pair on the segment, or if they could be observed in same positions on two or more specimens. Following this approach, it was not possible to identify any sensory spots, and glandular cell outlets
|
||
<typeStatus id="B66A74CA4B069A6706A9FE3EFD63FDFB" box="[711,752,511,530]" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">type</typeStatus>
|
||
1 were only observed on the sternal plates of segments 3 to 10. Thus, the reader should expect the species to have more sensory spots and
|
||
<typeStatus id="B66A74CA4B069A6706A9FDF6FD63FDA3" box="[711,752,567,586]" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">type</typeStatus>
|
||
1 outlets than reported in this redescription. On the opposite, it is my impression that all tubes are reported, and that the complete lack of acicular spines (except on terminal segment) and glandular cell outlets
|
||
<typeStatus id="B66A74CA4B069A67040AFD67FF1EFD50" box="[100,141,678,697]" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">type</typeStatus>
|
||
2 are confirmed. Morphometric data for the ten most well-preserved specimens are summarised in
|
||
<tableCitation id="2453FFD34B069A67066BFD00FDC0FD3C" box="[517,595,705,725]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="6.[100,150,1226,1242]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 3 Measurements from light microscopy for Echinoderes bengalensis (in μm), including number of measured specimens (n) and standard deviation (SD). Abbreviations: LTAS: lateral terminal accessory spine; LTS: lateral terminal spine; LV: lateroventral; MD, middorsal; ML: midlateral; MSW-8: maximum sternal width, measured on segment 8 in this species; S: segment lengths; SW-10, standard width, always measured on segment 10; TL: trunk length; (tu): tube." pageId="9" pageNumber="99">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
, but due to the shortage of observed cuticular structures it did not seem necessary to provide a summary table for this.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="696ECA684B069A6704EAFCD4FD8BFB7A" blockId="9.[100,771,231,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Details on head morphology are unavailable. The neck has 16 placids, measuring 14 μm in length. The midventral placid is broadest, measuring 14 μm in width at its base, whereas all other are narrower, measuring 7 μm in width at their bases. The trichoscalid plates are small, and oval, without any distinct difference between the four dorsal and the two ventromedial ones. The trunk is stout, and nearly parallel sided (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1EAD6ED4B069A670402FC7CFF7EFC39" box="[108,237,957,976]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[100,130,1838,1855]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,151,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[206,1381,148,1811]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. Line art illustrations of Echinoderes bengalensis. (A) Female, dorsal view. (B) Female, ventral view. (C) Segments 9 to 11 in male with segment 10 retracted into segment 9, dorsal view. (D) Segments 9 to 11 in male with segment 10 retracted into segment 9, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; pe, penile spines; slsi, sublateral sieve plate; slt, sublateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8164197/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">Fig. 5A and B</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1EAD6ED4B069A670499FC7CFE91FC39" box="[247,258,957,976]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[1033,1063,149,166]" captionTargetBox="[101,1006,149,1162]" captionTargetId="figure-195@8.[100,1009,148,1164]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of (A) female topotype, USNM-1182922 24, (B, D) male topotype, USNM-1182922 08, (C, E, I, J) female topotype, USNM-1182922 26, (F) male topotype, USNM-235522 50, (G, H) female topotype, USNM-235522 04, of Echinoderes bengalensis from Sonadia Island, Bangladesh. (A) Ventral overview of female. (B) Ventral overview of male. (C) Segments 1 to 5, dorsal view. (D) Segments 1 to 5, ventral view. (E) Segments 6 to 9, dorsal view. (F) Segments 7 to 10, ventral view. (G) Segments 9 to 10, dorsal view, showing female sexual dimorphism. (H) Segments 9 to 10, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. (I) Segments 9 to 10, dorsal view, showing male sexual dimorphism; inset shows laterodorsal tube of segment 10, and penile spines. (J) Segments 9 to 10, ventral view, showing male sexual dimorphism. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; pe, penile spine; slsi, sublateral sieve plate; slt, sublateral tube; te, tergal extension." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8164199/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">6</figureCitation>
|
||
A-B). Maximum sternal width is reached at segment 8, but sternal widths of segments 4 to 9 are basically the same, which contributes to the cylindrical shape of the trunk. Cuticular hairs are lightly scattered over the dorsal side of segment 1, whereas the ventral side has even fewer hairs and only at the posterior half of the segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1EAD6ED4B069A670402FB89FF6AFBB2" box="[108,249,1096,1115]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[1033,1063,149,166]" captionTargetBox="[101,1006,149,1162]" captionTargetId="figure-195@8.[100,1009,148,1164]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of (A) female topotype, USNM-1182922 24, (B, D) male topotype, USNM-1182922 08, (C, E, I, J) female topotype, USNM-1182922 26, (F) male topotype, USNM-235522 50, (G, H) female topotype, USNM-235522 04, of Echinoderes bengalensis from Sonadia Island, Bangladesh. (A) Ventral overview of female. (B) Ventral overview of male. (C) Segments 1 to 5, dorsal view. (D) Segments 1 to 5, ventral view. (E) Segments 6 to 9, dorsal view. (F) Segments 7 to 10, ventral view. (G) Segments 9 to 10, dorsal view, showing female sexual dimorphism. (H) Segments 9 to 10, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. (I) Segments 9 to 10, dorsal view, showing male sexual dimorphism; inset shows laterodorsal tube of segment 10, and penile spines. (J) Segments 9 to 10, ventral view, showing male sexual dimorphism. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; pe, penile spine; slsi, sublateral sieve plate; slt, sublateral tube; te, tergal extension." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8164199/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">Fig. 6C and D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Segments 2 to 10 are covered with hairs (except in ventromedial and paraventral positions), but the hair covering appears to be less dense compared to other congeners.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="696ECA684B069A6704EAFB5DFE02FAD3" blockId="9.[100,771,231,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Although most examined specimens were well-stretched, some of them showed that up to 90% of segments 10 and 11 could be retracted into segment 9 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1EAD6ED4B069A67056BFB15FEF2FB0E" box="[261,353,1236,1255]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[1033,1063,149,166]" captionTargetBox="[101,1006,149,1162]" captionTargetId="figure-195@8.[100,1009,148,1164]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of (A) female topotype, USNM-1182922 24, (B, D) male topotype, USNM-1182922 08, (C, E, I, J) female topotype, USNM-1182922 26, (F) male topotype, USNM-235522 50, (G, H) female topotype, USNM-235522 04, of Echinoderes bengalensis from Sonadia Island, Bangladesh. (A) Ventral overview of female. (B) Ventral overview of male. (C) Segments 1 to 5, dorsal view. (D) Segments 1 to 5, ventral view. (E) Segments 6 to 9, dorsal view. (F) Segments 7 to 10, ventral view. (G) Segments 9 to 10, dorsal view, showing female sexual dimorphism. (H) Segments 9 to 10, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. (I) Segments 9 to 10, dorsal view, showing male sexual dimorphism; inset shows laterodorsal tube of segment 10, and penile spines. (J) Segments 9 to 10, ventral view, showing male sexual dimorphism. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; pe, penile spine; slsi, sublateral sieve plate; slt, sublateral tube; te, tergal extension." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8164199/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">Fig. 6B, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). This retractability is also reflected in the morphometrics (
|
||
<tableCitation id="2453FFD34B069A67056FFB2EFEDBFAEA" box="[257,328,1263,1283]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="6.[100,150,1226,1242]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 3 Measurements from light microscopy for Echinoderes bengalensis (in μm), including number of measured specimens (n) and standard deviation (SD). Abbreviations: LTAS: lateral terminal accessory spine; LTS: lateral terminal spine; LV: lateroventral; MD, middorsal; ML: midlateral; MSW-8: maximum sternal width, measured on segment 8 in this species; S: segment lengths; SW-10, standard width, always measured on segment 10; TL: trunk length; (tu): tube." pageId="9" pageNumber="99">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
), where total trunk lengths show quite a bit of variability, whereas individual segment lengths are nearly constant across the measured specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="696ECA684B069A6704EAFA82FE02FA14" blockId="9.[100,771,231,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Posterior segment margins terminate into straight, well-developed pectinate fringes on segments 1 to 9. Segment 10 also terminates into pectinate fringes, but with smaller fringe tips; dorsal margin is straight, whereas ventral margin is concave. Terminal segment has very minute fringes along the sternal margins, and between the tergal extensions. Tergal extensions are short, forming not very well-defined projections with blunt tips (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1EAD6ED4B069A670493FA2BFECDFA17" box="[253,350,1514,1534]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[100,130,1838,1855]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,151,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[206,1381,148,1811]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. Line art illustrations of Echinoderes bengalensis. (A) Female, dorsal view. (B) Female, ventral view. (C) Segments 9 to 11 in male with segment 10 retracted into segment 9, dorsal view. (D) Segments 9 to 11 in male with segment 10 retracted into segment 9, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; pe, penile spines; slsi, sublateral sieve plate; slt, sublateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8164197/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">Fig. 5A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1EAD6ED4B069A670509FA2BFE15FA14" box="[359,390,1514,1533]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[1033,1063,149,166]" captionTargetBox="[101,1006,149,1162]" captionTargetId="figure-195@8.[100,1009,148,1164]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of (A) female topotype, USNM-1182922 24, (B, D) male topotype, USNM-1182922 08, (C, E, I, J) female topotype, USNM-1182922 26, (F) male topotype, USNM-235522 50, (G, H) female topotype, USNM-235522 04, of Echinoderes bengalensis from Sonadia Island, Bangladesh. (A) Ventral overview of female. (B) Ventral overview of male. (C) Segments 1 to 5, dorsal view. (D) Segments 1 to 5, ventral view. (E) Segments 6 to 9, dorsal view. (F) Segments 7 to 10, ventral view. (G) Segments 9 to 10, dorsal view, showing female sexual dimorphism. (H) Segments 9 to 10, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. (I) Segments 9 to 10, dorsal view, showing male sexual dimorphism; inset shows laterodorsal tube of segment 10, and penile spines. (J) Segments 9 to 10, ventral view, showing male sexual dimorphism. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; pe, penile spine; slsi, sublateral sieve plate; slt, sublateral tube; te, tergal extension." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8164199/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">6G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="696ECA684B069A6704EAF9C7FB14FEDB" blockId="9.[100,771,231,1980]" lastBlockId="9.[818,1488,148,558]" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Glandular cell outlets
|
||
<typeStatus id="B66A74CA4B069A67053DF9C6FEEFF9F3" box="[339,380,1543,1562]" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">type</typeStatus>
|
||
1 were only observed on sternal plates of segments 3 to 10. They appear in ventromedial positions on segment 3 to 8 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1EAD6ED4B069A670413F9FFFF52F9B8" box="[125,193,1598,1617]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[100,130,1838,1855]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,151,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[206,1381,148,1811]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. Line art illustrations of Echinoderes bengalensis. (A) Female, dorsal view. (B) Female, ventral view. (C) Segments 9 to 11 in male with segment 10 retracted into segment 9, dorsal view. (D) Segments 9 to 11 in male with segment 10 retracted into segment 9, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; pe, penile spines; slsi, sublateral sieve plate; slt, sublateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8164197/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
), but move gradually closer to the midsternal line, and appear ultimately in paraventral positions on segments 9 and 10. Large, elongate nephridial sieve plates are present in sublateral positions of segment 9 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1EAD6ED4B069A6704BEF953FEBFF94C" box="[208,300,1682,1701]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[100,130,1838,1855]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,151,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[206,1381,148,1811]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. Line art illustrations of Echinoderes bengalensis. (A) Female, dorsal view. (B) Female, ventral view. (C) Segments 9 to 11 in male with segment 10 retracted into segment 9, dorsal view. (D) Segments 9 to 11 in male with segment 10 retracted into segment 9, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; pe, penile spines; slsi, sublateral sieve plate; slt, sublateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8164197/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">Fig. 5B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1EAD6ED4B069A67055BF953FEC3F94C" box="[309,336,1682,1701]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[1033,1063,149,166]" captionTargetBox="[101,1006,149,1162]" captionTargetId="figure-195@8.[100,1009,148,1164]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of (A) female topotype, USNM-1182922 24, (B, D) male topotype, USNM-1182922 08, (C, E, I, J) female topotype, USNM-1182922 26, (F) male topotype, USNM-235522 50, (G, H) female topotype, USNM-235522 04, of Echinoderes bengalensis from Sonadia Island, Bangladesh. (A) Ventral overview of female. (B) Ventral overview of male. (C) Segments 1 to 5, dorsal view. (D) Segments 1 to 5, ventral view. (E) Segments 6 to 9, dorsal view. (F) Segments 7 to 10, ventral view. (G) Segments 9 to 10, dorsal view, showing female sexual dimorphism. (H) Segments 9 to 10, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. (I) Segments 9 to 10, dorsal view, showing male sexual dimorphism; inset shows laterodorsal tube of segment 10, and penile spines. (J) Segments 9 to 10, ventral view, showing male sexual dimorphism. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; pe, penile spine; slsi, sublateral sieve plate; slt, sublateral tube; te, tergal extension." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8164199/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">6F</figureCitation>
|
||
). It was not possible to detect any circular pore field posterior to the plates, but the sieve area is always very distinct, and represents about 40% of the total segment length. Long, well-developed tubes are present in lateral accessory positions on segment 5, and in sublateral positions on segment 8 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1EAD6ED4B069A670643F8C0FDE5F8FC" box="[557,630,1793,1813]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[100,130,1838,1855]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,151,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[206,1381,148,1811]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. Line art illustrations of Echinoderes bengalensis. (A) Female, dorsal view. (B) Female, ventral view. (C) Segments 9 to 11 in male with segment 10 retracted into segment 9, dorsal view. (D) Segments 9 to 11 in male with segment 10 retracted into segment 9, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; pe, penile spines; slsi, sublateral sieve plate; slt, sublateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8164197/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1EAD6ED4B069A6706EBF8C0FD03F8FD" box="[645,656,1793,1812]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[1033,1063,149,166]" captionTargetBox="[101,1006,149,1162]" captionTargetId="figure-195@8.[100,1009,148,1164]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of (A) female topotype, USNM-1182922 24, (B, D) male topotype, USNM-1182922 08, (C, E, I, J) female topotype, USNM-1182922 26, (F) male topotype, USNM-235522 50, (G, H) female topotype, USNM-235522 04, of Echinoderes bengalensis from Sonadia Island, Bangladesh. (A) Ventral overview of female. (B) Ventral overview of male. (C) Segments 1 to 5, dorsal view. (D) Segments 1 to 5, ventral view. (E) Segments 6 to 9, dorsal view. (F) Segments 7 to 10, ventral view. (G) Segments 9 to 10, dorsal view, showing female sexual dimorphism. (H) Segments 9 to 10, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. (I) Segments 9 to 10, dorsal view, showing male sexual dimorphism; inset shows laterodorsal tube of segment 10, and penile spines. (J) Segments 9 to 10, ventral view, showing male sexual dimorphism. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; pe, penile spine; slsi, sublateral sieve plate; slt, sublateral tube; te, tergal extension." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8164199/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">6</figureCitation>
|
||
D-F). Males furthermore have long laterodorsal tubes on segment 10 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1EAD6ED4B069A6706ECF8DCFD54F8D8" box="[642,711,1821,1841]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[100,130,1838,1855]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,151,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[206,1381,148,1811]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. Line art illustrations of Echinoderes bengalensis. (A) Female, dorsal view. (B) Female, ventral view. (C) Segments 9 to 11 in male with segment 10 retracted into segment 9, dorsal view. (D) Segments 9 to 11 in male with segment 10 retracted into segment 9, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; pe, penile spines; slsi, sublateral sieve plate; slt, sublateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8164197/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1EAD6ED4B069A6706BEF8DCFD4FF8D9" box="[720,732,1821,1840]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[1033,1063,149,166]" captionTargetBox="[101,1006,149,1162]" captionTargetId="figure-195@8.[100,1009,148,1164]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of (A) female topotype, USNM-1182922 24, (B, D) male topotype, USNM-1182922 08, (C, E, I, J) female topotype, USNM-1182922 26, (F) male topotype, USNM-235522 50, (G, H) female topotype, USNM-235522 04, of Echinoderes bengalensis from Sonadia Island, Bangladesh. (A) Ventral overview of female. (B) Ventral overview of male. (C) Segments 1 to 5, dorsal view. (D) Segments 1 to 5, ventral view. (E) Segments 6 to 9, dorsal view. (F) Segments 7 to 10, ventral view. (G) Segments 9 to 10, dorsal view, showing female sexual dimorphism. (H) Segments 9 to 10, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. (I) Segments 9 to 10, dorsal view, showing male sexual dimorphism; inset shows laterodorsal tube of segment 10, and penile spines. (J) Segments 9 to 10, ventral view, showing male sexual dimorphism. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; pe, penile spine; slsi, sublateral sieve plate; slt, sublateral tube; te, tergal extension." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8164199/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">6</figureCitation>
|
||
I-J). Similar tubes were not observed in any females, thus female tubes are either strongly reduced or lacking completely. Sexual dimorphic acicular spines are present on segment 11. Lateral terminal spines are present in both sexes, but spines in females appear to be about 16% longer than in males (
|
||
<tableCitation id="2453FFD34B069A670492F868FED6F855" box="[252,325,1961,1980]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="6.[100,150,1226,1242]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 3 Measurements from light microscopy for Echinoderes bengalensis (in μm), including number of measured specimens (n) and standard deviation (SD). Abbreviations: LTAS: lateral terminal accessory spine; LTS: lateral terminal spine; LV: lateroventral; MD, middorsal; ML: midlateral; MSW-8: maximum sternal width, measured on segment 8 in this species; S: segment lengths; SW-10, standard width, always measured on segment 10; TL: trunk length; (tu): tube." pageId="9" pageNumber="99">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). Strongly reduced lateral terminal accessory spines are present in females only (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1EAD6ED4B069A670010FF55FB57FF4E" box="[1150,1220,148,167]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[100,130,1838,1855]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,151,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[206,1381,148,1811]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. Line art illustrations of Echinoderes bengalensis. (A) Female, dorsal view. (B) Female, ventral view. (C) Segments 9 to 11 in male with segment 10 retracted into segment 9, dorsal view. (D) Segments 9 to 11 in male with segment 10 retracted into segment 9, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; pe, penile spines; slsi, sublateral sieve plate; slt, sublateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8164197/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1EAD6ED4B069A6700A3FF55FB4BFF4E" box="[1229,1240,148,167]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[1033,1063,149,166]" captionTargetBox="[101,1006,149,1162]" captionTargetId="figure-195@8.[100,1009,148,1164]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of (A) female topotype, USNM-1182922 24, (B, D) male topotype, USNM-1182922 08, (C, E, I, J) female topotype, USNM-1182922 26, (F) male topotype, USNM-235522 50, (G, H) female topotype, USNM-235522 04, of Echinoderes bengalensis from Sonadia Island, Bangladesh. (A) Ventral overview of female. (B) Ventral overview of male. (C) Segments 1 to 5, dorsal view. (D) Segments 1 to 5, ventral view. (E) Segments 6 to 9, dorsal view. (F) Segments 7 to 10, ventral view. (G) Segments 9 to 10, dorsal view, showing female sexual dimorphism. (H) Segments 9 to 10, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. (I) Segments 9 to 10, dorsal view, showing male sexual dimorphism; inset shows laterodorsal tube of segment 10, and penile spines. (J) Segments 9 to 10, ventral view, showing male sexual dimorphism. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; pe, penile spine; slsi, sublateral sieve plate; slt, sublateral tube; te, tergal extension." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8164199/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">6</figureCitation>
|
||
G-H), whereas males have three pairs of penile spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1EAD6ED4B069A67002FFF71FB55FF2A" box="[1089,1222,176,195]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[100,130,1838,1855]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,151,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-8@7.[206,1381,148,1811]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. Line art illustrations of Echinoderes bengalensis. (A) Female, dorsal view. (B) Female, ventral view. (C) Segments 9 to 11 in male with segment 10 retracted into segment 9, dorsal view. (D) Segments 9 to 11 in male with segment 10 retracted into segment 9, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; pe, penile spines; slsi, sublateral sieve plate; slt, sublateral tube; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8164197/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">Fig. 5C and D</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1EAD6ED4B069A6700BFFF71FB74FF2A" box="[1233,1255,176,195]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[1033,1063,149,166]" captionTargetBox="[101,1006,149,1162]" captionTargetId="figure-195@8.[100,1009,148,1164]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of (A) female topotype, USNM-1182922 24, (B, D) male topotype, USNM-1182922 08, (C, E, I, J) female topotype, USNM-1182922 26, (F) male topotype, USNM-235522 50, (G, H) female topotype, USNM-235522 04, of Echinoderes bengalensis from Sonadia Island, Bangladesh. (A) Ventral overview of female. (B) Ventral overview of male. (C) Segments 1 to 5, dorsal view. (D) Segments 1 to 5, ventral view. (E) Segments 6 to 9, dorsal view. (F) Segments 7 to 10, ventral view. (G) Segments 9 to 10, dorsal view, showing female sexual dimorphism. (H) Segments 9 to 10, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. (I) Segments 9 to 10, dorsal view, showing male sexual dimorphism; inset shows laterodorsal tube of segment 10, and penile spines. (J) Segments 9 to 10, ventral view, showing male sexual dimorphism. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; pe, penile spine; slsi, sublateral sieve plate; slt, sublateral tube; te, tergal extension." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8164199/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">6I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Opposite to most male congeners that tend to have penile spines attaching midlaterally, the penile spines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B069A6707ABFF29FBACFF13" baseAuthorityName="Timm" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[965,1087,231,251]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A6707ABFF29FBACFF13" bold="true" box="[965,1087,231,251]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">E. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been shifted to more dorsal positions. Dorsal- and ventral most penile spines are flexible and tubular, whereas the median one is rigid and tubular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="696ECA684B069A67073FFEFAFAAFFE4B" blockId="9.[818,1488,148,558]" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">
|
||
In addition to the morphology, it was noted that several specimens carried various epibionts. Some had filamentous bacteria attached to their posterior segments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1EAD6ED4B069A67004BFEB2FBFFFE6F" box="[1061,1132,371,390]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[1034,1064,1226,1243]" captionTargetBox="[103,1006,1228,2012]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[100,1009,1225,2016]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 7. Light micrographs showing epibionts, ingested diatoms and additional details of (A) female topotype, USNM-235522 27), (B) female topotype, USNM-235522 42, (C) male topotype, USNM- 235522 47, (E) male topotype, USNM-235522 69, (F) female topotype, USNM-1182922 25, of Echinoderes bengalensis from Sonadia Island, Bangladesh, and for comparison of (D) female holotype, ZMB- 11400, of Echinoderes applicitus from Java, Indonesia. (A) Lateral overview of specimen with bacterial epibionts attached its posterior segments. (B) Segments 8 to 11, lateral view, of specimen with numerous unidentified protist epibionts attached in the intersection between segments 8 and 9. (C) Segments 2 to 7 of specimen with at least three different kinds of ingested diatoms. (D) Segments 10 to 11, dorsal view, of female E. applicitus. (E) Segments 9 to 11, lateral view, of specimens with ingested diatoms exiting its hindgut. (F) Segments 6 to 8, of specimen with at least two different kinds of ingested diatoms. Abbreviations: bac, bacteria; dia, diatoms; met, mid- and subdorsal extension of tergal plate of segment 10; pro, protists; te, tergal extensions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8164204/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas others had colonies of rodshaped protists attached to their tergal plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1EAD6ED4B069A670085FE4EFAA3FE4B" box="[1259,1328,399,418]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[1034,1064,1226,1243]" captionTargetBox="[103,1006,1228,2012]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[100,1009,1225,2016]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 7. Light micrographs showing epibionts, ingested diatoms and additional details of (A) female topotype, USNM-235522 27), (B) female topotype, USNM-235522 42, (C) male topotype, USNM- 235522 47, (E) male topotype, USNM-235522 69, (F) female topotype, USNM-1182922 25, of Echinoderes bengalensis from Sonadia Island, Bangladesh, and for comparison of (D) female holotype, ZMB- 11400, of Echinoderes applicitus from Java, Indonesia. (A) Lateral overview of specimen with bacterial epibionts attached its posterior segments. (B) Segments 8 to 11, lateral view, of specimen with numerous unidentified protist epibionts attached in the intersection between segments 8 and 9. (C) Segments 2 to 7 of specimen with at least three different kinds of ingested diatoms. (D) Segments 10 to 11, dorsal view, of female E. applicitus. (E) Segments 9 to 11, lateral view, of specimens with ingested diatoms exiting its hindgut. (F) Segments 6 to 8, of specimen with at least two different kinds of ingested diatoms. Abbreviations: bac, bacteria; dia, diatoms; met, mid- and subdorsal extension of tergal plate of segment 10; pro, protists; te, tergal extensions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8164204/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="696ECA684B069A67073FFE6AFB3BFDC4" blockId="9.[818,1488,148,558]" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Another noteworthy observation regards the gut contents. Many of the examined show a few to numerous ingested diatoms in their guts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1EAD6ED4B069A670754FE23FC16FE1F" box="[826,901,482,502]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[1034,1064,1226,1243]" captionTargetBox="[103,1006,1228,2012]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[100,1009,1225,2016]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 7. Light micrographs showing epibionts, ingested diatoms and additional details of (A) female topotype, USNM-235522 27), (B) female topotype, USNM-235522 42, (C) male topotype, USNM- 235522 47, (E) male topotype, USNM-235522 69, (F) female topotype, USNM-1182922 25, of Echinoderes bengalensis from Sonadia Island, Bangladesh, and for comparison of (D) female holotype, ZMB- 11400, of Echinoderes applicitus from Java, Indonesia. (A) Lateral overview of specimen with bacterial epibionts attached its posterior segments. (B) Segments 8 to 11, lateral view, of specimen with numerous unidentified protist epibionts attached in the intersection between segments 8 and 9. (C) Segments 2 to 7 of specimen with at least three different kinds of ingested diatoms. (D) Segments 10 to 11, dorsal view, of female E. applicitus. (E) Segments 9 to 11, lateral view, of specimens with ingested diatoms exiting its hindgut. (F) Segments 6 to 8, of specimen with at least two different kinds of ingested diatoms. Abbreviations: bac, bacteria; dia, diatoms; met, mid- and subdorsal extension of tergal plate of segment 10; pro, protists; te, tergal extensions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8164204/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||
, E-F). At least three different kinds of diatoms could be observed, and they were present in all parts of the guts, inclusive the hindgut gut and anal opening (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1EAD6ED4B069A670039FDDBFB0EFDC4" box="[1111,1181,538,558]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[1034,1064,1226,1243]" captionTargetBox="[103,1006,1228,2012]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[100,1009,1225,2016]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 7. Light micrographs showing epibionts, ingested diatoms and additional details of (A) female topotype, USNM-235522 27), (B) female topotype, USNM-235522 42, (C) male topotype, USNM- 235522 47, (E) male topotype, USNM-235522 69, (F) female topotype, USNM-1182922 25, of Echinoderes bengalensis from Sonadia Island, Bangladesh, and for comparison of (D) female holotype, ZMB- 11400, of Echinoderes applicitus from Java, Indonesia. (A) Lateral overview of specimen with bacterial epibionts attached its posterior segments. (B) Segments 8 to 11, lateral view, of specimen with numerous unidentified protist epibionts attached in the intersection between segments 8 and 9. (C) Segments 2 to 7 of specimen with at least three different kinds of ingested diatoms. (D) Segments 10 to 11, dorsal view, of female E. applicitus. (E) Segments 9 to 11, lateral view, of specimens with ingested diatoms exiting its hindgut. (F) Segments 6 to 8, of specimen with at least two different kinds of ingested diatoms. Abbreviations: bac, bacteria; dia, diatoms; met, mid- and subdorsal extension of tergal plate of segment 10; pro, protists; te, tergal extensions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8164204/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="696ECA684B069A67075CFD93FAA2FD8C" blockId="9.[818,1488,594,1980]" box="[818,1329,594,613]" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A67075CFD93FAA2FD8C" bold="true" box="[818,1329,594,613]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">3.2.4. Notes on morphological and diagnostic characters</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="696ECA684B069A67073FFDAFFB94FC89" blockId="9.[818,1488,594,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">
|
||
In their phylogeographic study of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B069A6700CAFDAFFB7CFD68" authorityName="Higgins" authorityYear="1977" box="[1188,1263,622,641]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="coulli">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A6700CAFDAFFB7CFD68" bold="true" box="[1188,1263,622,641]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">E. coulli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group species,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0D40B7994B069A6701E5FDAFFC34FD74" author="Randso, P. V. & Yamasaki, H. & Bownes, S. J. & Herranz, M. & Di Domenico" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" pagination="501 - 517" refId="ref11482" refString="Randso, P. V., Yamasaki, H., Bownes, S. J., Herranz, M., Di Domenico, et al., 2019. Phylogeny of the Echinoderes coulli - group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) - a cosmopolitan species group trapped in the intertidal. Invertebr. Systemat. 33, 501 - 517. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 18069." type="journal article" year="2019">Randsø et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that the poorly described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B069A67016DFD4BFAECFD75" baseAuthorityName="Timm" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1283,1407,649,669]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A67016DFD4BFAECFD75" bold="true" box="[1283,1407,649,669]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">E. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
perhaps should be considered as part this group. Although only limited data could be obtained from the topotypes, there is sufficient information to confirm that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B069A6707DDFD1FFBA2FD19" baseAuthorityName="Timm" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[947,1073,733,753]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A6707DDFD1FFBA2FD19" bold="true" box="[947,1073,733,753]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">E. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is part of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B069A6700ABFD1FFA82FD19" authorityName="Higgins" authorityYear="1977" box="[1221,1297,733,753]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="coulli">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A6700ABFD1FFA82FD19" bold="true" box="[1221,1297,733,753]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">E. coulli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group. The enlarged sieve plate, the lack of acicular spines on all segments except the terminal, the cylindrical trunk and the strongly reduced lateral terminal accessory spines, are all character traits that point towards the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B069A67075CFC8CFCE9FC89" authorityName="Higgins" authorityYear="1977" box="[818,890,845,864]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="coulli">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A67075CFC8CFCE9FC89" bold="true" box="[818,890,845,864]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">E. coulli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="696ECA684B069A64073FFCA8FE4FFF12" blockId="9.[818,1488,594,1980]" lastBlockId="10.[100,770,147,837]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">
|
||
With this subgeneric affinity established, it is relevant to look into diagnostic traits that distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B069A670008FC44FB72FC7E" baseAuthorityName="Timm" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1126,1249,900,920]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A670008FC44FB72FC7E" bold="true" box="[1126,1249,900,920]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">E. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from other species of the group. Its lack of glandular cell outlets
|
||
<typeStatus id="B66A74CA4B069A6700C1FC60FB4BFC5D" box="[1199,1240,929,948]" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">type</typeStatus>
|
||
2 separates
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B069A67013DFC60FA5CFC5A" baseAuthorityName="Timm" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1363,1487,928,948]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A67013DFC60FA5CFC5A" bold="true" box="[1363,1487,928,948]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">E. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from a majority of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B069A67007FFC7CFBC9FC26" authorityName="Higgins" authorityYear="1977" box="[1041,1114,956,976]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="coulli">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A67007FFC7CFBC9FC26" bold="true" box="[1041,1114,956,976]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">E. coulli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group species, and comparison can be restricted to the six species without these outlets, i.e.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B069A670136FC18FA5AFC02" box="[1368,1481,984,1004]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="applicitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A670136FC18FA5AFC02" bold="true" box="[1368,1481,984,1004]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">E. applicitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B069A67075CFC34FB11FBEE" authority="Cepeda et al., 2022 b" authorityName="Cepeda" authorityYear="2022" box="[818,1154,1012,1032]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="cyaneafictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A67075CFC34FC2BFBEE" bold="true" box="[818,952,1012,1032]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">E. cyaneafictus</emphasis>
|
||
Cepeda et al., 2022b
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B069A6700E0FC34FA5AFBE1" authority="Cepeda et al., 2022 a" authorityName="Cepeda" authorityYear="2022" box="[1166,1481,1012,1032]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="guianensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A6700E0FC34FA93FBEE" bold="true" box="[1166,1280,1012,1032]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">E. guianensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0D40B7994B069A670169FC35FA5AFBE1" author="Cepeda, D. & Gayet, N. & Spedicato, A. & Michaud, E. & Zeppilli, D." box="[1287,1481,1012,1032]" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" pagination="179 - 195" refId="ref10363" refString="Cepeda, D., Gayet, N., Spedicato, A., Michaud, E., Zeppilli, D., 2022 a. Two new species of the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from a low human-impacted mangrove swamp in French Guiana (western Atlantic Ocean). Zool. Anz. 301, 179 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2022.10.008." type="journal article" year="2022">Cepeda et al., 2022a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B069A67075CFBD0FBB8FBCD" authority="Sorensen, 2014" authorityName="Sorensen" authorityYear="2014" box="[818,1067,1040,1060]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="marthae">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A67075CFBD0FC07FBCA" bold="true" box="[818,916,1040,1060]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">E. marthae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0D40B7994B069A6707F5FBD0FBB8FBCD" author="Sorensen, M. V." box="[923,1067,1041,1060]" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" pagination="251 - 274" refId="ref11561" refString="Sorensen, M. V., 2014. First account of echinoderid kinorhynchs from Brazil, with the description of three new species. Mar. Biodivers. 44, 251 - 274. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 013 - 0181 - 4." type="journal article" year="2014">Sørensen, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B069A670056FBD0FAAAFBCA" authority="Pardos et al., 2016 b" authorityName="Pardos" authorityYear="2016" box="[1080,1337,1040,1060]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="strii">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A670056FBD0FBE1FBCA" bold="true" box="[1080,1138,1040,1060]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">E. strii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0D40B7994B069A670014FBD1FAAAFBCA" author="Pardos, F. & Herranz, M." box="[1146,1337,1040,1060]" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" pagination="26 - 47" refId="ref11422" refString="Pardos, F., Herranz, M., S´anchez, N., 2016 b. Two sides of a coin: the Phylum Kinorhyncha in Panama. I) pacific Panama. Zool. Anz. 265, 26 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2016.06.006." type="journal article" year="2016">Pardos et al., 2016b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B069A670104FBD0FC67FBD6" authority="Kennedy et al., 2022" authorityName="Kennedy" authorityYear="2022" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="zacharyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A670104FBD0FA5CFBCA" bold="true" box="[1386,1487,1040,1060]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">E. zacharyi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0D40B7994B069A67075CFBEDFC67FBD6" author="Kennedy, M. C. & Sorensen, M. V. & Landers, S. L." box="[818,1012,1068,1088]" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" pagination="91 - 99" refId="ref10977" refString="Kennedy, M. C., Sorensen, M. V., Landers, S. L., 2022. Echinoderes zacharyi sp. nov. a new kinorhynch in the E. coulli species group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Gulf of Mexico. Zool. Anz. 301, 91 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2022.09.002." type="journal article" year="2022">Kennedy et al., 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For this, spines and tubes are useful. Of the seven species without
|
||
<typeStatus id="B66A74CA4B069A670788FB88FB9CFBB5" box="[998,1039,1097,1116]" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">type</typeStatus>
|
||
2 outlets,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B069A6700F3FB89FAB5FBB2" baseAuthorityName="Timm" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1181,1318,1096,1115]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A6700F3FB89FAB5FBB2" bold="true" box="[1181,1318,1096,1115]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">E. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
included, only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B069A67075CFBA5FC25FB9E" box="[818,950,1124,1143]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="cyaneafictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A67075CFBA5FC25FB9E" bold="true" box="[818,950,1124,1143]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">E. cyaneafictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B069A67078FFBA5FBC2FB9E" box="[993,1105,1124,1143]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="guianensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A67078FFBA5FBC2FB9E" bold="true" box="[993,1105,1124,1143]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">E. guianensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have acicular spines on segments 6 and 7 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0D40B7994B069A670754FB41FC6EFB7A" author="Cepeda, D. & Gayet, N. & Spedicato, A. & Michaud, E. & Zeppilli, D." box="[826,1021,1152,1171]" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" pagination="179 - 195" refId="ref10363" refString="Cepeda, D., Gayet, N., Spedicato, A., Michaud, E., Zeppilli, D., 2022 a. Two new species of the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from a low human-impacted mangrove swamp in French Guiana (western Atlantic Ocean). Zool. Anz. 301, 179 - 195. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2022.10.008." type="journal article" year="2022">Cepeda et al., 2022a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; 2022b). Both
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A6700E1FB41FAABFB7A" bold="true" box="[1167,1336,1152,1171]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B069A6700E1FB41FB60FB7A" authorityName="Sorensen" authorityYear="2014" box="[1167,1267,1152,1171]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="marthae">E. marthae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B069A670090FB41FAABFB7A" box="[1278,1336,1152,1171]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="strii">E. strii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B069A670104FB41FA5CFB7A" box="[1386,1487,1152,1171]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="zacharyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A670104FB41FA5CFB7A" bold="true" box="[1386,1487,1152,1171]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">E. zacharyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack acicular spines, but all three of them have an extra pair of tubes on segment 8, in laterodorsal or midlateral positions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0D40B7994B069A67015AFB79FA5AFB22" author="Sorensen, M. V." box="[1332,1481,1208,1227]" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" pagination="251 - 274" refId="ref11561" refString="Sorensen, M. V., 2014. First account of echinoderid kinorhynchs from Brazil, with the description of three new species. Mar. Biodivers. 44, 251 - 274. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 013 - 0181 - 4." type="journal article" year="2014">Sørensen, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0D40B7994B069A67075CFB15FB90FB0E" author="Pardos, F. & Herranz, M." box="[818,1027,1236,1255]" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" pagination="26 - 47" refId="ref11422" refString="Pardos, F., Herranz, M., S´anchez, N., 2016 b. Two sides of a coin: the Phylum Kinorhyncha in Panama. I) pacific Panama. Zool. Anz. 265, 26 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2016.06.006." type="journal article" year="2016">Pardos et al., 2016b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0D40B7994B069A67007BFB15FB7EFB0E" author="Kennedy, M. C. & Sorensen, M. V. & Landers, S. L." box="[1045,1261,1236,1255]" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" pagination="91 - 99" refId="ref10977" refString="Kennedy, M. C., Sorensen, M. V., Landers, S. L., 2022. Echinoderes zacharyi sp. nov. a new kinorhynch in the E. coulli species group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Gulf of Mexico. Zool. Anz. 301, 91 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2022.09.002." type="journal article" year="2022">Kennedy et al., 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This leaves us with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B069A67075CFB31FC39FAEB" box="[818,938,1263,1283]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="applicitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A67075CFB31FC39FAEB" bold="true" box="[818,938,1263,1283]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">E. applicitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the species showing closest resemblance with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B069A67075CFACDFC3DFAF7" baseAuthorityName="Timm" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[818,942,1291,1311]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A67075CFACDFC3DFAF7" bold="true" box="[818,942,1291,1311]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">E. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the two species are indeed very similar. They share the lack of glandular cell outlets
|
||
<typeStatus id="B66A74CA4B069A67000FFAE9FB19FAD2" box="[1121,1162,1320,1339]" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">type</typeStatus>
|
||
2, the presence of single tube pairs in the lateral series of segments 5 and 8 (and no other tubes or spines on segments 1 to 9), and the elongate shape of their sieve plates (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0D40B7994B069A670115FA9EFC0CFA67" author="Ostmann, A. & Nordhaus, I. & Sorensen, M. V." pageId="9" pageNumber="99" pagination="79 - 91" refId="ref11294" refString="Ostmann, A., Nordhaus, I., Sorensen, M. V., 2012. First recording of kinorhynchs from Java, with the description of a new brackish water species from a mangrove-fringed lagoon. Mar. Biodivers. 42, 79 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 011 - 0094 - z." type="journal article" year="2012">Ostmann et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition, new observations on
|
||
<typeStatus id="B66A74CA4B069A670098FABAFAB4FA67" box="[1270,1319,1403,1422]" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">types</typeStatus>
|
||
and non-types of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B069A67075CFA56FC0DFA43" box="[818,926,1431,1450]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="applicitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A67075CFA56FC0DFA43" bold="true" box="[818,926,1431,1450]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">E. applicitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
revealed that segment 11 can be completely retracted into segment 10, and segment 10 can be partly retracted into segment 9. These traits are also shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B069A670004FA0EFB76FA08" baseAuthorityName="Timm" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1130,1253,1486,1506]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A670004FA0EFB76FA08" bold="true" box="[1130,1253,1486,1506]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">E. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, there are still several minute details that enable us to distinguish the two species. One trait regards the exact positions of tubes on segments 5 and 8. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B069A67075CF9E2FC33F9DC" box="[818,928,1570,1590]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="applicitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A67075CF9E2FC33F9DC" bold="true" box="[818,928,1570,1590]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">E. applicitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the tubes on segment 5 attach in lateroventral positions, whereas they are lateral accessory in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B069A6700F9F9FEFA80F9B8" baseAuthorityName="Timm" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1175,1299,1598,1618]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A6700F9F9FEFA80F9B8" bold="true" box="[1175,1299,1598,1618]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">E. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Likewise, tubes on segment 8 are lateral accessory in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B069A6700EFF99BFB7DF984" box="[1153,1262,1626,1645]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="applicitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A6700EFF99BFB7DF984" bold="true" box="[1153,1262,1626,1645]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">E. applicitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas they are sublateral in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B069A6707E2F9B7FB95F960" baseAuthorityName="Timm" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[908,1030,1654,1673]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A6707E2F9B7FB95F960" bold="true" box="[908,1030,1654,1673]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">E. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This might seem like rather subtle, and perhaps even subjective differences, but a direct comparison of the two species demonstrate that the differences are quite distinct. However, these minor differences can obviously not stand alone, and for further distinction we need to compare segments 10 and 11. The easiest way to distinguish between the two species is by the posterior segment margins of these segments.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B069A670786F8DFFBC5F8D9" box="[1000,1110,1821,1841]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="applicitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B069A670786F8DFFBC5F8D9" bold="true" box="[1000,1110,1821,1841]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">E. applicitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterised by a conspicuous mid- and subdorsal extension from segment 10, and few, but very strong fringe tips from the margins of the sternal plates of this segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1EAD6ED4B069A6701E9F894FA58F880" box="[1415,1483,1877,1897]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[1034,1064,1226,1243]" captionTargetBox="[103,1006,1228,2012]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[100,1009,1225,2016]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 7. Light micrographs showing epibionts, ingested diatoms and additional details of (A) female topotype, USNM-235522 27), (B) female topotype, USNM-235522 42, (C) male topotype, USNM- 235522 47, (E) male topotype, USNM-235522 69, (F) female topotype, USNM-1182922 25, of Echinoderes bengalensis from Sonadia Island, Bangladesh, and for comparison of (D) female holotype, ZMB- 11400, of Echinoderes applicitus from Java, Indonesia. (A) Lateral overview of specimen with bacterial epibionts attached its posterior segments. (B) Segments 8 to 11, lateral view, of specimen with numerous unidentified protist epibionts attached in the intersection between segments 8 and 9. (C) Segments 2 to 7 of specimen with at least three different kinds of ingested diatoms. (D) Segments 10 to 11, dorsal view, of female E. applicitus. (E) Segments 9 to 11, lateral view, of specimens with ingested diatoms exiting its hindgut. (F) Segments 6 to 8, of specimen with at least two different kinds of ingested diatoms. Abbreviations: bac, bacteria; dia, diatoms; met, mid- and subdorsal extension of tergal plate of segment 10; pro, protists; te, tergal extensions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8164204/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
, but see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0D40B7994B069A6707D5F8B0FB05F86D" author="Ostmann, A. & Nordhaus, I. & Sorensen, M. V." box="[955,1174,1905,1925]" pageId="9" pageNumber="99" pagination="79 - 91" refId="ref11294" refString="Ostmann, A., Nordhaus, I., Sorensen, M. V., 2012. First recording of kinorhynchs from Java, with the description of a new brackish water species from a mangrove-fringed lagoon. Mar. Biodivers. 42, 79 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 011 - 0094 - z." type="journal article" year="2012">Ostmann et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species furthermore has well-developed, pointed tergal extensions, with an extra denticle on each inferior margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1EAD6ED4B069A670068F868FBDCF855" box="[1030,1103,1961,1980]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[1034,1064,1226,1243]" captionTargetBox="[103,1006,1228,2012]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[100,1009,1225,2016]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 7. Light micrographs showing epibionts, ingested diatoms and additional details of (A) female topotype, USNM-235522 27), (B) female topotype, USNM-235522 42, (C) male topotype, USNM- 235522 47, (E) male topotype, USNM-235522 69, (F) female topotype, USNM-1182922 25, of Echinoderes bengalensis from Sonadia Island, Bangladesh, and for comparison of (D) female holotype, ZMB- 11400, of Echinoderes applicitus from Java, Indonesia. (A) Lateral overview of specimen with bacterial epibionts attached its posterior segments. (B) Segments 8 to 11, lateral view, of specimen with numerous unidentified protist epibionts attached in the intersection between segments 8 and 9. (C) Segments 2 to 7 of specimen with at least three different kinds of ingested diatoms. (D) Segments 10 to 11, dorsal view, of female E. applicitus. (E) Segments 9 to 11, lateral view, of specimens with ingested diatoms exiting its hindgut. (F) Segments 6 to 8, of specimen with at least two different kinds of ingested diatoms. Abbreviations: bac, bacteria; dia, diatoms; met, mid- and subdorsal extension of tergal plate of segment 10; pro, protists; te, tergal extensions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8164204/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="99">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Such distinct characters are lacking in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B059A64040AFF55FF4CFF4F" baseAuthorityName="Timm" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[100,223,147,167]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="10" pageNumber="100" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B059A64040AFF55FF4CFF4F" bold="true" box="[100,223,147,167]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="100">E. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has very fine fringe tips along the posterior margin of segment 10, and clearly no middorsal extensions. Likewise, its tergal extensions of segment 11, are blunt, poorly defined, and without conspicuous points or denticles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1EAD6ED4B059A640519FF26FE3EFF13" box="[375,429,231,250]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[1033,1063,149,166]" captionTargetBox="[101,1006,149,1162]" captionTargetId="figure-195@8.[100,1009,148,1164]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of (A) female topotype, USNM-1182922 24, (B, D) male topotype, USNM-1182922 08, (C, E, I, J) female topotype, USNM-1182922 26, (F) male topotype, USNM-235522 50, (G, H) female topotype, USNM-235522 04, of Echinoderes bengalensis from Sonadia Island, Bangladesh. (A) Ventral overview of female. (B) Ventral overview of male. (C) Segments 1 to 5, dorsal view. (D) Segments 1 to 5, ventral view. (E) Segments 6 to 9, dorsal view. (F) Segments 7 to 10, ventral view. (G) Segments 9 to 10, dorsal view, showing female sexual dimorphism. (H) Segments 9 to 10, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. (I) Segments 9 to 10, dorsal view, showing male sexual dimorphism; inset shows laterodorsal tube of segment 10, and penile spines. (J) Segments 9 to 10, ventral view, showing male sexual dimorphism. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; pe, penile spine; slsi, sublateral sieve plate; slt, sublateral tube; te, tergal extension." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8164199/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="100">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
G-J).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="696ECA684B059A6404EAFEC2FE7DFE1F" blockId="10.[100,770,147,837]" pageId="10" pageNumber="100">
|
||
After re-examination of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B059A640507FEC2FE45FEFF" box="[361,470,259,278]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="10" pageNumber="100" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="applicitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B059A640507FEC2FE45FEFF" bold="true" box="[361,470,259,278]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="100">E. applicitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, another potential difference is left as more uncertain. Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B059A6405DCFEDEFD8CFEDB" box="[434,543,287,306]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="10" pageNumber="100" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="applicitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B059A6405DCFEDEFD8CFEDB" bold="true" box="[434,543,287,306]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="100">E. applicitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are reported as lacking lateral terminal spines (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0D40B7994B059A640526FEFAFD81FEA7" author="Ostmann, A. & Nordhaus, I. & Sorensen, M. V." box="[328,530,315,334]" pageId="10" pageNumber="100" pagination="79 - 91" refId="ref11294" refString="Ostmann, A., Nordhaus, I., Sorensen, M. V., 2012. First recording of kinorhynchs from Java, with the description of a new brackish water species from a mangrove-fringed lagoon. Mar. Biodivers. 42, 79 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 011 - 0094 - z." type="journal article" year="2012">Ostmann et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but the re-examination revealed that reduced lateral terminal accessory spines are actually present, and even documented (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="F1EAD6ED4B059A6405DEFEB2FE7CFE6F" box="[432,495,371,390]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[1035,1065,878,895]" captionTargetBox="[103,1007,879,1971]" captionTargetId="figure-8@5.[100,1010,877,1974]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs showing details of female Echinoderes lapitaorum sp. nov. (A) Segments 1 to 2, laterodorsal view, with area of closeup on D marked; note that laterodorsal fringed glandular cell outlets type 2 are covered by free flap of segment 1. (B) Segments 1 to 3, sublateral view, with area of close-up on E marked. (C) Segments 1 to 2, ventral view, with area of close-up on F marked. (D) Detail showing subdorsal fringed glandular cell outlet type 2 on segment 2. (E) Detail showing sublateral fringed glandular cell outlet type 2 and midlateral sensory spot on segment 3. (F) Detail showing ventrolateral fringed glandular cell outlet type 2, and ventromedial sensory spot and glandular cell outlet type 1 on segment 2. (G) Segments 3 to 4, paradorsal to sublateral positions. (H) Segments 4 to 5, laterodorsal to lateroventral positions. (I) Segments 4 to 7, ventral view. (J) Segment 6, middorsal view. (K) Segments 8 to 9, lateral view. (L) Segments 7 to 8, ventral view. (M) Segments 9 to 11, dorsal view; note how segment 10 is nearly completely retracted into segment 9. (N) Segments 9 to 11, lateral view. (O) Segments 9 to 11, lateral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ldgco2fr, laterodorsal fringed glandular cell outlet type 2; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvgco1, sublateral glandular cell outlet type 1; lvt, lateroventral tube; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco2fr, paradorsal fringed glandular cell outlet type 2; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; sdgco2fr, subdorsal fringed glandular cell outlet type 2; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; slgco2fr, sublateral fringed glandular cell outlet type 2; slsi, sublateral sieve plate; te, tergal extension; vlgco2fr, ventrolateral fringed glandular cell outlet type 2; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8164195/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="100">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0D40B7994B059A640662FEB2FD70FE6F" author="Ostmann, A. & Nordhaus, I. & Sorensen, M. V." box="[524,739,371,390]" pageId="10" pageNumber="100" pagination="79 - 91" refId="ref11294" refString="Ostmann, A., Nordhaus, I., Sorensen, M. V., 2012. First recording of kinorhynchs from Java, with the description of a new brackish water species from a mangrove-fringed lagoon. Mar. Biodivers. 42, 79 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 011 - 0094 - z." type="journal article" year="2012">Ostmann et al. (2012))</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Its reduced lateral accessory spines look very similar to those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B059A64040AFE6AFF73FE54" baseAuthorityName="Timm" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[100,224,426,446]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="10" pageNumber="100" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B059A64040AFE6AFF73FE54" bold="true" box="[100,224,426,446]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="100">E. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B059A64057EFE6AFEE7FE54" box="[272,372,426,446]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="10" pageNumber="100" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="zacharyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B059A64057EFE6AFEE7FE54" bold="true" box="[272,372,426,446]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="100">E. zacharyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the shape of the segment margins of the two posterior-most segments, still makes it fairly easy to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B059A6404BCFE22FEDEFE1C" baseAuthorityName="Timm" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[210,333,482,502]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="10" pageNumber="100" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B059A6404BCFE22FEDEFE1C" bold="true" box="[210,333,482,502]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="100">E. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B059A640512FE22FE7AFE1C" box="[380,489,482,502]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="10" pageNumber="100" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="applicitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B059A640512FE22FE7AFE1C" bold="true" box="[380,489,482,502]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="100">E. applicitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="696ECA684B059A6404EAFE3FFE92FD3D" blockId="10.[100,770,147,837]" pageId="10" pageNumber="100">
|
||
Another interesting, although not taxonomic, similarity between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B059A64040AFDDBFF70FDC4" baseAuthorityName="Timm" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[100,227,538,557]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="10" pageNumber="100" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B059A64040AFDDBFF70FDC4" bold="true" box="[100,227,538,557]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="100">E. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B059A640574FDDBFE19FDC4" box="[282,394,538,557]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="10" pageNumber="100" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="applicitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B059A640574FDDBFE19FDC4" bold="true" box="[282,394,538,557]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="100">E. applicitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the relatively dense populations of bacterial and protist epibionts on the trunk. Occasional occurrence of epibionts has been reported from numerous kinorhynch species (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0D40B7994B059A64040AFDAFFEB6FD68" author="Ostmann, A. & Nordhaus, I. & Sorensen, M. V." box="[100,293,622,641]" pageId="10" pageNumber="100" pagination="79 - 91" refId="ref11294" refString="Ostmann, A., Nordhaus, I., Sorensen, M. V., 2012. First recording of kinorhynchs from Java, with the description of a new brackish water species from a mangrove-fringed lagoon. Mar. Biodivers. 42, 79 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 011 - 0094 - z." type="journal article" year="2012">Ostmann et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for references), but the density of these epibionts in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B059A64040AFD4BFF41FD75" box="[100,210,649,669]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="10" pageNumber="100" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="applicitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B059A64040AFD4BFF41FD75" bold="true" box="[100,210,649,669]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="100">E. applicitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is extreme. The densities in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B059A640586FD4BFDF7FD75" baseAuthorityName="Timm" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[488,612,649,669]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="10" pageNumber="100" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B059A640586FD4BFDF7FD75" bold="true" box="[488,612,649,669]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="100">E. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might not be as high as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B059A6404A8FD67FEA2FD51" box="[198,305,677,697]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="10" pageNumber="100" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="applicitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B059A6404A8FD67FEA2FD51" bold="true" box="[198,305,677,697]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="100">E. applicitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the frequency of specimens with epibionts is still noteworthy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="696ECA684B059A6404EAFD1FFD7DFCAD" blockId="10.[100,770,147,837]" pageId="10" pageNumber="100">
|
||
A final note on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B059A64057AFD1FFE1CFD19" baseAuthorityName="Timm" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[276,399,733,753]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="10" pageNumber="100" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B059A64057AFD1FFE1CFD19" bold="true" box="[276,399,733,753]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="100">E. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
regards the high contents of diatoms in the guts of the examined specimens.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0D40B7994B059A6405D8FD38FDDFFCE5" author="Neuhaus, B." box="[438,588,761,780]" pageId="10" pageNumber="100" pagination="181 - 348" refId="ref11200" refString="Neuhaus, B., 2013. Kinorhyncha (= Echinodera). in: Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology. Gastrotricha, Cycloneuralia and Gnathifera. In: Nematomorpha, Priapulida, Kinorhyncha, Loricifera, 1. De Gruyter, Berlin / Boston, pp. 181 - 348." type="book chapter" year="2013">Neuhaus (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
lists several studies suggesting that diatoms are a part of the kinorhynch diet, and the high concentration of diatoms in the gut of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AED1B1EB4B059A6405BFFCF0FDDFFCAD" baseAuthorityName="Timm" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[465,588,817,836]" class="Cyclorhagida" family="Echinoderidae" genus="Echinoderes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinorhagata" pageId="10" pageNumber="100" phylum="Kinorhyncha" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA5167A4B059A6405BFFCF0FDDFFCAD" bold="true" box="[465,588,817,836]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="100">E. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
agrees with this.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |