388 lines
46 KiB
XML
388 lines
46 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7FA9DD628D1E10A941EC0122D8DA4955">Ephuta icema Casal, 1969 and its host Auplopus subaurarius Dreisbach, 1963 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae, Pompilidae) from Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6CBDCB60D6F3368BA97139CAFE9141B8">Cambra, Roberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EB47F1CBA098661123E4A2EBB0C08F71">Buschini, Maria Luisa Tunes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8164C64098FC63802AFE798A35D6BA08">Arias, Diomedes Quintero</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C305651CFFCAFFA1DFA4FD29FD96FD93" box="[151,600,532,559]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA03697FFCAFFA1DFA4FD29FD96FD93" blockId="1.[151,1436,498,2036]" box="[151,600,532,559]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFCAFFA1DFA4FD29FE18FD93" authority="Casal, 1969" authorityName="Casal" authorityYear="1969" box="[151,470,532,559]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Ephuta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icema">
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<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFCAFFA1DFA4FD29FEF1FD92" bold="true" box="[151,319,532,558]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Ephuta icema</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B66FFCAFFA1DE75FD28FE18FD93" author="Casal" box="[326,470,533,559]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" refString="Casal, O. H. (1969) Las hembras de Ephutini del Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 31 (1 - 4), 97 - 105." type="journal article" year="1969">Casal, 1969</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13242A12FFCAFFA1DED6FD28FD80FD93" box="[485,590,533,559]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStart-1="FIGURES 5 – 8. 5 – 7" captionStartId-0="2.[151,257,1681,1703]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,257,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox-0="[203,1383,330,1660]" captionTargetBox-1="[196,1403,303,1858]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,330,1660]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,298,1859]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 4. Ephuta icema Casal, ♂. 1. Lateral view, left wings removed. 2. Fore and hind wings. 3. Genitalia, lateral view, c = cuspis, p = paramere. 4. Penis valve." captionText-1="FIGURES 5 – 8. 5 – 7. Ephuta icema Casal, holotype, ♀. 5. Dorsal view. 6. Lateral view. 7. Labels. 8. Auplopus subaurarius Dreisbach, nest collected in Guarapuava (PR), Brazil, parasitized by Ephuta icema." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/583930/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/583931/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Figs 1–7</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C305651CFFCAFFA1DFA4FD0AFC20FDD6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA03697FFCAFFA1DFA4FD0AFA52FDF0" blockId="1.[151,1436,498,2036]" box="[151,1436,567,588]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0F11B9FFCAFFA1DFA4FD0AFA52FDF0" box="[151,1436,567,588]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFCAFFA1DFA4FD0AFE0DFDF0" authority="Casal, 1969: 104" authorityName="Casal" authorityPageNumber="104" authorityYear="1969" box="[151,451,567,588]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Ephuta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icema">
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<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFCAFFA1DFA4FD0AFED5FDF0" box="[151,283,567,588]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Ephuta icema</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABE1086FFCAFFA1DE12FD0AFE0DFDF0" author="Casal" box="[289,451,567,588]" page="104" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" year="1969">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B66FFCAFFA1DE12FD0AFE58FDF0" author="Casal" box="[289,406,567,588]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" refString="Casal, O. H. (1969) Las hembras de Ephutini del Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 31 (1 - 4), 97 - 105." type="journal article" year="1969">Casal, 1969</bibRefCitation>
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: 104
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–105,
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<specimenCount id="9D19FD1EFFCAFFA1DECEFD0AFDC1FDF0" box="[509,527,567,588]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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,
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<typeStatus id="54A48835FFCAFFA1DD28FD0AFDBFFDF0" box="[539,625,567,588]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, "Nova Teutonia, S. Catarina,
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<collectingCountry id="F3087607FFCAFFA1DCA0FD0AFC00FDF0" box="[915,974,567,588]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Brasil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<date id="FFA11057FFCAFFA1DCEBFD0AFBF8FDF0" box="[984,1078,567,588]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" value="1954-03-06">6.iii.1954</date>
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||
, F. Plaumann /
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||
<typeStatus id="54A48835FFCAFFA1DBFAFD0AFAE3FDF0" box="[1225,1325,567,588]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="holotype">Holotypus</typeStatus>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFCAFFA1DA0CFD0AFA4AFDF0" box="[1343,1412,567,588]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Ephuta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFCAFFA1DA0CFD0AFA4AFDF0" box="[1343,1412,567,588]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Ephuta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<specimenCount id="9D19FD1EFFCAFFA1DAB9FD0AFA52FDF0" box="[1418,1436,567,588]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA03697FFCAFFA1DFF4FD68FC20FDD6" blockId="1.[151,1436,498,2036]" box="[199,1006,597,618]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFCAFFA1DFF4FD68FE96FDD6" authority="O. Casal" authorityName="O. Casal" box="[199,344,597,618]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Ephuta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icema" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFCAFFA1DFF4FD68FECFFDD6" box="[199,257,597,618]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">icema</emphasis>
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O. Casal
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25857FEFFCAFFA1DE6DFD68FE5CFDD6" box="[350,402,597,618]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B66FFCAFFA1DEABFD68FDF7FDD6" author="Casal" box="[408,569,597,618]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" refString="Casal, O. H. (1968) Aportaciones para el conocimiento de los Mutillidae de la Republica Argentina. II. Los machos de Ephutini Ashmead (Hymenoptera). Physis, 28, 77 - 93." type="journal article" year="1968">O.H. Casal 1968</bibRefCitation>
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" [AMNH], examined the photos of holotype.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C305651CFFCAFFA1DFA4FD4FFB39FC8B" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA03697FFCAFFA1DFA4FD4FFB39FC8B" blockId="1.[151,1436,498,2036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
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<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFCAFFA1DFA4FD4FFECAFD35" bold="true" box="[151,260,626,649]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. The male of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFCAFFA1DE98FD4FFD46FD35" authority="Casal" authorityName="Casal" box="[427,648,626,649]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Ephuta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icema">
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<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFCAFFA1DE98FD4FFD8DFD35" box="[427,579,626,649]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Ephuta icema</emphasis>
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Casal
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</taxonomicName>
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runs in Casal’s key (1968: 83) to couplet 41. It is most related to
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFCAFFA1DAB6FD4FFE5FFD10" authority="Casal, 1968" authorityName="Casal" authorityYear="1968" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Ephuta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guasuncha">
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<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFCAFFA1DAB6FD4FFEC4FD10" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">E. guasuncha</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B66FFCAFFA1DE22FDA8FE5FFD10" author="Casal" box="[273,401,661,684]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" refString="Casal, O. H. (1968) Aportaciones para el conocimiento de los Mutillidae de la Republica Argentina. II. Los machos de Ephutini Ashmead (Hymenoptera). Physis, 28, 77 - 93." type="journal article" year="1968">Casal, 1968</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, which distributed in
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3087607FFCAFFA1DD44FDA8FD75FD10" box="[631,699,661,684]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3087607FFCAFFA1DDF5FDA8FCDAFD10" box="[710,788,661,684]" name="Bolivia" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
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||
and
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<collectingCountry id="F3087607FFCAFFA1DC7BFDA8FC7BFD10" box="[840,949,661,684]" name="Argentina" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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||
. The two species can be separated as follows: in
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFCAFFA1DF81FD85FEC1FD73" box="[178,271,696,719]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Ephuta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icema">
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<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFCAFFA1DF81FD85FEC1FD73" box="[178,271,696,719]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">E. icema</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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the dorsum and posterior face of the propodeum are not separated by a transverse carina; the posterior margin of T2 and T3–T7 are totally clothed with dense golden setae concealing most of the integument (
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<figureCitation id="13242A12FFCAFFA1DB9AFDE7FB29FD4D" box="[1193,1255,730,753]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,257,1681,1703]" captionTargetBox="[203,1383,330,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,330,1660]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Ephuta icema Casal, ♂. 1. Lateral view, left wings removed. 2. Fore and hind wings. 3. Genitalia, lateral view, c = cuspis, p = paramere. 4. Penis valve." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583930/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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); S7 integument mostly yellow.
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFCAFFA1DE08FDC0FDCDFCA8" box="[315,515,765,788]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Ephuta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guasuncha">
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<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFCAFFA1DE08FDC0FDCDFCA8" box="[315,515,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Ephuta guasuncha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has the dorsum and posterior face of the propodeum separated by a transverse carina; white setae on the posterior margin of T2 are dense and on T3–T7 are sparse; the S7 integument is black.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C305651CFFCAFFA1DFF4FC7FFBE8F963" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA03697FFCAFFA1DFF4FC7FFBE8F963" blockId="1.[151,1436,498,2036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
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<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFCAFFA1DFF4FC7FFE9CFCE5" bold="true" box="[199,338,834,857]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Description.</emphasis>
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MALE (hitherto unknown). (
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<figureCitation id="13242A12FFCAFFA1DDBDFC7FFD3EFCE5" box="[654,752,834,857]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,257,1681,1703]" captionTargetBox="[203,1383,330,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,330,1660]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Ephuta icema Casal, ♂. 1. Lateral view, left wings removed. 2. Fore and hind wings. 3. Genitalia, lateral view, c = cuspis, p = paramere. 4. Penis valve." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583930/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Figs 1–4</figureCitation>
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). Body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CE79B72FFCAFFA1DCBEFC7FFBDFFCE5" box="[909,1041,834,857]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="7.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="7.4" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="7.3">7.3–7.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFCAFFA1DB28FC7FFB96FCE5" box="[1051,1112,834,857]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Color</emphasis>
|
||
. Integument black, except red mandible tip, S7 yellow except black apex, tibial spurs pale whitish; wings subhyaline, weakly infuscated; frons with dense, erect and decumbent, pale golden setae; vertex with sparse and erect pale golden setae; clypeus with white setae; pronotum with erect and decumbent pale golden setae, mesoscutum and tegula with black setae; scutellum basal half with long erect black setae, apical half with long erect pale golden setae; metanotum, propodeum, meso- and metapleuron with erect and decumbent white setae; T1 with long erect and decumbent white setae; T2 lateral margin with sparse white setae, disc area with sparse golden setae, posterior margin of T2 and T3–T7 totally with dense long, decumbent and semi-erect, golden setae concealing most of integument; S1–S3 with sparse erect and decumbent white setae; S4–S7 with sparse erect and decumbent golden setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFCAFFA1DC2BFB65FC97FBD3" box="[792,857,1112,1135]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
Transverse in dorsal view, frons, vertex and gena with medium-sized, very close punctures; ocelli small, distance between eye margin and lateral ocellus 4.0 × as long as diameter of ocellus; clypeal carinae subparallel, slightly diverging anteriorly, terminating before anterior margin in a pair of small tubercles; mandible slender, with a small tooth within near tip; ventral margin smooth, without a process or tooth; scape with two longitudinal carina below; first flagellomere approximately as long as second.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFCAFFA1DBF4FBDFFA8EFB45" box="[1223,1344,1250,1273]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFCAFFA1DBF4FBDFFAF2FB45" box="[1223,1340,1250,1273]" class="Crustacea" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Mesosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mesosoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsum of pronotum and mesoscutum with large, contiguous punctures, sides of pronotum closely micropunctate; scutellum with medium-sized, very close punctures, evenly convex from anterior to posterior margins, without either posterior face, emargination or projections; tegula with small separated punctures, basal third with a median longitudinal ridge, lateroposterior border convex; dorsum and posterior face of propodeum broadly reticulate, not separated by a transverse carina, without median tubercle, lateral area rounded, not angulate or tuberculate; mesopleuron with medium-sized contiguous punctures, evenly convex throughout; metapleuron with a small area of medium-sized close punctures at ventral margin, otherwise impunctate; forewing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13242A12FFCAFFA1DDADFAE8FD13FA50" box="[670,733,1493,1516]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,257,1681,1703]" captionTargetBox="[203,1383,330,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,330,1660]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Ephuta icema Casal, ♂. 1. Lateral view, left wings removed. 2. Fore and hind wings. 3. Genitalia, lateral view, c = cuspis, p = paramere. 4. Penis valve." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583930/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) with three submarginal and two discal cells, veins 3rs-m and 2mcu faintly indicated; coxae without denticle, tubercle or carina.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFCAFFA1DC04FAC5FC63F9B3" box="[823,941,1528,1551]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Metasoma.</emphasis>
|
||
First segment cylindrical, T1 dorsal face, 0.85 × as long as wide; T1 with large close punctures, T2 evenly convex throughout, not at all flattened, with medium-sized close punctures; T3–T7 with small, close punctures; S1 with a median longitudinal keel, only slightly elevated; S2 mostly with medium-sized close punctures; S3–S6 with small, sparse punctures; S7 mainly with small, close punctures; hypopygium apex slightly concave, without denticles or tubercles; paramere (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13242A12FFCAFFA1DCFCF9BFFBC0F925" box="[975,1038,1666,1689]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,257,1681,1703]" captionTargetBox="[203,1383,330,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,330,1660]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Ephuta icema Casal, ♂. 1. Lateral view, left wings removed. 2. Fore and hind wings. 3. Genitalia, lateral view, c = cuspis, p = paramere. 4. Penis valve." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583930/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) curved, with apex simple, basal half broad, distal half gradually narrowing toward apex, with a few setae; cuspis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13242A12FFCAFFA1DCEDF998FBD1F900" box="[990,1055,1701,1724]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,257,1681,1703]" captionTargetBox="[203,1383,330,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,330,1660]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Ephuta icema Casal, ♂. 1. Lateral view, left wings removed. 2. Fore and hind wings. 3. Genitalia, lateral view, c = cuspis, p = paramere. 4. Penis valve." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583930/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) broad and with many setae; penis valve (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13242A12FFCAFFA1DFECF9F5FED1F963" box="[223,287,1736,1759]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,257,1681,1703]" captionTargetBox="[203,1383,330,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,330,1660]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Ephuta icema Casal, ♂. 1. Lateral view, left wings removed. 2. Fore and hind wings. 3. Genitalia, lateral view, c = cuspis, p = paramere. 4. Penis valve." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583930/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) without projections on ventral edge, with large setae on apical margins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C305651CFFCAFFA1DFF4F9D7FE00F8D5" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA03697FFCAFFA1DFF4F9D7FE00F8D5" blockId="1.[151,1436,498,2036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B773CCAFFCAFFA1DFF4F9D7FA40F8BD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1562860410" box="[199,1422,1770,1793]" collectingDate="2015-03-28" country="Brazil" latitude="-25.351667" location="Guarapuava" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-51.46889" municipality="Material" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Parana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFCAFFA1DFF4F9D7FE6CF8BD" bold="true" box="[199,418,1770,1793]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC4ACEDFFCAFFA1DFF4F9D7FEE4F8BD" box="[199,298,1770,1793]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Material</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
examined
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3087607FFCAFFA1DE86F9D7FDD7F8BD" box="[437,537,1770,1793]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DBF875FFCAFFA1DD14F9D7FDBEF8BD" box="[551,624,1770,1793]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EC0604CFFCAFFA1DD4CF9D7FD30F8BD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B68781FFCAFFA3DFA4FD29FF01FF48:8EC0604CFFCAFFA1DD4CF9D7FD30F8BD" box="[639,766,1770,1793]" country="Brazil" latitude="-25.351667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-51.46889" municipality="Material" name="Guarapuava" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" stateProvince="Parana">Guarapuava</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2B5050FFCAFFA1DC3EF9D7FC49F8BD" box="[781,903,1770,1793]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" precision="15" value="-25.351667">25°21’06”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE2B5050FFCAFFA1DCA1F9D7FBD8F8BD" box="[914,1046,1770,1793]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" precision="15" value="-51.46889">51°28’08”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, nest 590a (1.3) cel. 2,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE5E9BFFFCAFFA1DA2CF9D7FA40F8BD" box="[1311,1422,1770,1793]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" value="2015-03-28">
|
||
<date id="FFA11057FFCAFFA1DA2CF9D7FA40F8BD" box="[1311,1422,1770,1793]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" value="2015-03-28">28.iii.2015</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B773CCAFFCAFFA1DFA4F830FC35F898" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1562860411" box="[151,1019,1805,1828]" collectingDate="2015-12-07" collectingDateMax="2016-01-07" collectingDateMin="2015-12-07" collectionCode="MIUP" collectorName="P. R. Lustosa" country="Brazil" latitude="-25.351667" location="Guarapuava" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-51.46889" municipality="Material" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Parana">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE5E9BFFFCAFFA1DFA4F830FF23F898" box="[151,237,1805,1828]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" value="2016-01-07">
|
||
<date id="FFA11057FFCAFFA1DFA4F830FF23F898" box="[151,237,1805,1828]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" value="2016-01-07">7.i.2016</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, (
|
||
<collectorName id="26EA5341FFCAFFA1DFCCF830FE4AF898" box="[255,388,1805,1828]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">P.R. Lustosa</collectorName>
|
||
),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D19FD1EFFCAFFA1DEA6F830FE72F898" box="[405,444,1805,1828]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0EAE52FFCAFFA1DEFAF830FDC1F898" box="[457,527,1805,1828]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">MIUP</collectionCode>
|
||
); same data but: nest 502 (1.3) cel. 3,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE5E9BFFFCAFFA1DCA7F830FC35F898" box="[916,1019,1805,1828]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" value="2015-12-07">
|
||
<date id="FFA11057FFCAFFA1DCA7F830FC35F898" box="[916,1019,1805,1828]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" value="2015-12-07">7.xii.2015</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<date id="FFA11057FFCAFFA1DB39F830FBADF898" box="[1034,1123,1805,1828]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" value="2016-01-01">i.2016, 1</date>
|
||
♂ (MIUP); nest 502 (1.3) cel. 1,
|
||
<date id="FFA11057FFCAFFA1DF82F80DFED4F8FB" box="[177,282,1840,1863]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" value="2015-12-07">7.xii.2015</date>
|
||
–
|
||
<date id="FFA11057FFCAFFA1DE1AF80DFEB2F8FB" box="[297,380,1840,1863]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" value="2016-01-09">9.i.2016</date>
|
||
, 1 ♀ (MIUP); nest 502 (1.3) cel. 2,
|
||
<date id="FFA11057FFCAFFA1DDDCF80DFC97F8FB" box="[751,857,1840,1863]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" value="2015-12-07">7.xii.2015</date>
|
||
, 1♂ (UNICENTRO); nest 590a (1.0) cel. 2,
|
||
<date id="FFA11057FFCAFFA1DA15F80DFA42F8FB" box="[1318,1420,1840,1863]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" value="2015-12-07">7.xii.2015</date>
|
||
–
|
||
<date id="FFA11057FFCAFFA1DFA4F86FFF23F8D5" box="[151,237,1874,1897]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" value="2016-01-01">1.i.2016</date>
|
||
, 1♂ (UNICENTRO).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C305651CFFCAFFA1DFF4F848FD7CF830" box="[199,690,1909,1932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA03697FFCAFFA1DFF4F848FD7CF830" blockId="1.[151,1436,498,2036]" box="[199,690,1909,1932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFCAFFA1DFF4F848FE9CF830" bold="true" box="[199,338,1909,1932]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3087607FFCAFFA1DE6CF848FE6EF830" box="[351,416,1909,1932]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DBF875FFCAFFA1DE9DF848FD81F830" box="[430,591,1909,1932]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DBF875FFCAFFA1DD69F848FD69F830" box="[602,679,1909,1932]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C305651CFFCAFFA3DFF4F8A5FF01FF48" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="288" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA03697FFCAFFA2DFF4F8A5FCDBFEAB" blockId="1.[151,1436,498,2036]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,152,279]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="287" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFCAFFA1DFF4F8A5FE87F813" bold="true" box="[199,329,1944,1967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFCAFFA1DE7CF8A5FDEDF813" authority="Casal" authorityName="Casal" box="[335,547,1944,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Ephuta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFCAFFA1DE7CF8A5FE2CF813" box="[335,482,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Ephuta icema</emphasis>
|
||
Casal
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was previously known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A48835FFCAFFA1DC86F8A5FBDCF813" box="[949,1042,1944,1967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DBF875FFCAFFA1DB91F8A5FAF3F813" box="[1186,1341,1944,1967]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13242A12FFCAFFA1DA78F8A5FF68F86D" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 8. 5 – 7" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[196,1403,303,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,298,1859]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 8. 5 – 7. Ephuta icema Casal, holotype, ♀. 5. Dorsal view. 6. Lateral view. 7. Labels. 8. Auplopus subaurarius Dreisbach, nest collected in Guarapuava (PR), Brazil, parasitized by Ephuta icema." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583931/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Figs 5– 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). We reared
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D19FD1EFFCAFFA1DE01F887FE9DF86D" box="[306,339,1978,2001]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D19FD1EFFCAFFA1DEB8F887FE62F86D" box="[395,428,1978,2001]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFCAFFA1DEE0F887FDFDF86D" box="[467,563,1978,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Ephuta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFCAFFA1DEE0F887FDFDF86D" box="[467,563,1978,2001]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">E. icema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from trap-nests placed in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DBF875FFCAFFA1DC61F887FC54F86D" box="[850,922,1978,2001]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
with cells of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFCAFFA1DB00F887FF02F848" authority="Dreisbach, 1963" authorityName="Dreisbach" authorityYear="1963" class="Insecta" family="Pompilidae" genus="Auplopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subaurarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFCAFFA1DB00F887FAEFF86D" box="[1075,1313,1978,2001]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Auplopus subaurarius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B66FFCAFFA1DA1AF887FF02F848" author="Dreisbach" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" refString="Dreisbach, R. R. (1963) New species of spider wasps, genus Auplopus, from the Americas South of the United States (Hymenoptera: Psammocharidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 114 (3468), 137 - 211, 13 pls." type="journal article" year="1963">Dreisbach, 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D19FD1EFFCAFFA1DFEDF8E0FF3FF848" box="[222,241,2013,2036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<quantity id="4CE79B72FFCAFFA1DFC9F8E0FE94F848" box="[250,346,2013,2036]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" unit="mm" value="10.6">10.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
body length, species known only from the original description from Nova Teutonia,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DBF875FFCAFFA1DBC4F8E0FA59F848" box="[1271,1431,2013,2036]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
|
||
Santa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFCAFFA1DA09F8E0FA59F848" authority="Fritz Plaumann" authorityName="Fritz Plaumann" box="[1338,1431,2013,2036]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Catarina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Catarina</taxonomicName>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Fritz Plaumann col., the same locality data and collector as that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFC9FFA2DC44FFA5FC18FF13" box="[887,982,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Ephuta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFC9FFA2DC44FFA5FC18FF13" box="[887,982,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">E. icema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A48835FFC9FFA2DCECFFA5FBC3FF13" box="[991,1037,152,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">type</typeStatus>
|
||
female, except for collection dates]. Straight line distance between Teutonia (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DBF875FFC9FFA2DD4BFF87FCEFFF6D" box="[632,801,186,209]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and Guarapuava (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DBF875FFC9FFA2DB35FF87FB9CFF6D" box="[1030,1106,186,209]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
) is
|
||
<quantity id="4CE79B72FFC9FFA2DBB8FF87FB28FF6D" box="[1163,1254,186,209]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" unit="km" value="220.0">220 km</quantity>
|
||
and these two municipalities had an original vegetation cover of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFC9FFA2DD8FFFE0FCEBFF48" box="[700,805,221,244]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Araucaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Araucaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
forests, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFC9FFA2DC8FFFE0FB7CFF48" box="[956,1202,221,244]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Araucaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFC9FFA2DC8FFFE0FB7CFF48" box="[956,1202,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Araucaria angustifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forming a stratum of dominant trees (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B66FFC9FFA2DE71FE3DFDC9FEAB" author="Veloso" box="[322,519,256,279]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" refString="Veloso, H. P., Filho, A. L. R. & Lima, J. C. (1991) Classificacao da Vegetacao Brasileira, adaptada a um Sistema Universal. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica-IBGE, Rio de Janeiro, 123 pp." type="book" year="1991">
|
||
Veloso
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFC9FFA2DEA0FE3DFE0CFEAB" box="[403,450,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B66FFC9FFA2DD20FE3DFCC7FEAB" author="Silva" box="[531,777,256,279]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" refString="Silva, R. R. & Silvestre, R. (2004) Riqueza da fauna de formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) que habita as camadas superficiais do solo em Seara, Santa Catarina. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 44 (1), 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="2004">Silva & Silvestre 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF60661FFFC9FFA2DFA4F9ACFE38F978" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583930/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" targetBox="[203,1383,330,1660]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA03697FFC9FFA2DFA4F9ACFE38F978" blockId="2.[151,1436,1681,1732]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFC9FFA2DFA4F9ACFEE2F91B" bold="true" box="[151,300,1681,1703]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">FIGURES 1–4</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFC9FFA2DE09F9ACFE31F91A" authority="Casal" authorityName="Casal" box="[314,511,1681,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Ephuta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFC9FFA2DE09F9ACFE0EF91A" box="[314,448,1681,1702]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Ephuta icema</emphasis>
|
||
Casal
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♂. 1. Lateral view, left wings removed. 2. Fore and hind wings. 3. Genitalia, lateral view, c = cuspis, p = paramere. 4. Penis valve.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA03697FFC9FFA3DFF4F9D7FF01FF48" blockId="2.[151,1436,1770,2035]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,152,244]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="288" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
|
||
During the study year the following 101 nests were captured: 8 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFC9FFA2DCB9F9D7FBCCF8BD" box="[906,1026,1770,1793]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Trypoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFC9FFA2DCB9F9D7FBCCF8BD" box="[906,1026,1770,1793]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Trypoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFC9FFA2DB07F9D7FB70F8BD" box="[1076,1214,1770,1793]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Crabronidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), 10 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFC9FFA2DA3DF9D7FAB9F8BD" box="[1294,1399,1770,1793]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Pisoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFC9FFA2DA3DF9D7FAB9F8BD" box="[1294,1399,1770,1793]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Pisoxylon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFC9FFA2DFADF831FEE6F89F" box="[158,296,1804,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Crabronidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), 20 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFC9FFA2DE44F831FDC4F89F" box="[375,522,1804,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Ancistrocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFC9FFA2DE44F831FDC4F89F" box="[375,522,1804,1827]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Ancistrocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFC9FFA2DD0FF831FD6EF89F" box="[572,672,1804,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Vespidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and 63 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFC9FFA2DC24F831FC78F89F" box="[791,950,1804,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Pompilidae" genus="Auplopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subaurarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFC9FFA2DC24F831FC78F89F" box="[791,950,1804,1827]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">A. subaurarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Six nests of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFC9FFA2DB77F831FB2DF89F" box="[1092,1251,1804,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Pompilidae" genus="Auplopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subaurarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFC9FFA2DB77F831FB2DF89F" box="[1092,1251,1804,1827]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">A. subaurarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were built at
|
||
<quantity id="4CE79B72FFC9FFA2DA47F831FF60F8FA" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" unit="m" value="980.0">980 m</quantity>
|
||
, 17 at
|
||
<quantity id="4CE79B72FFC9FFA2DFC1F812FEF9F8FA" box="[242,311,1839,1862]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
|
||
, 14 at
|
||
<quantity id="4CE79B72FFC9FFA2DE4FF812FE02F8FA" box="[380,460,1839,1862]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" unit="m" value="1020.0">1020 m</quantity>
|
||
and 26 at
|
||
<quantity id="4CE79B72FFC9FFA2DD0AF812FD42F8FA" box="[569,652,1839,1862]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" unit="m" value="1050.0">1050 m</quantity>
|
||
. A total of 141 cells (100%) were provisioned by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFC9FFA2DBA8F812FAF6F8FA" box="[1179,1336,1839,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Pompilidae" genus="Auplopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subaurarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFC9FFA2DBA8F812FAF6F8FA" box="[1179,1336,1839,1862]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">A. subaurarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of which 48 (34%) died. Dead adults, which emerged but did not break through the nest plug, were found in seven cells (5%), and dead immatures in 13 (9.1%), probably due to developmental failure. The most important mortality factor was parasitism that occurred in 28 cells (19.9%):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFC9FFA2DD3AF8AAFD63F812" box="[521,685,1943,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ichneumonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
the most frequent (12%), followed by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFC9FFA2DB60F8AAFB0CF812" box="[1107,1218,1943,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mutillidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(3.6%),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFC9FFA2DA11F8AAFA55F812" box="[1314,1435,1943,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(3.6%) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFC9FFA2DE25F887FE59F86D" box="[278,407,1978,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chrysididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(0.7%). Of the 63
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFC9FFA2DD56F887FCCBF86D" box="[613,773,1978,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Pompilidae" genus="Auplopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subaurarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFC9FFA2DD56F887FCCBF86D" box="[613,773,1978,2001]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">A. subaurarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nests, two were parasitized by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFC9FFA2DB6AF887FB76F86D" box="[1113,1208,1978,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Ephuta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFC9FFA2DB6AF887FB76F86D" box="[1113,1208,1978,2001]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">E. icema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13242A12FFC9FFA2DBFBF887FAC4F86D" box="[1224,1290,1978,2001]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 8. 5 – 7" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[196,1403,303,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,298,1859]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 8. 5 – 7. Ephuta icema Casal, holotype, ♀. 5. Dorsal view. 6. Lateral view. 7. Labels. 8. Auplopus subaurarius Dreisbach, nest collected in Guarapuava (PR), Brazil, parasitized by Ephuta icema." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583931/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). These nests were founded in summer, December, at
|
||
<quantity id="4CE79B72FFC9FFA2DD0EF8E1FD42F84F" box="[573,652,2012,2035]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" unit="m" value="1050.0">1050 m</quantity>
|
||
and in traps with 1.0 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE79B72FFC9FFA2DCADF8E1FC2BF84F" box="[926,997,2012,2035]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" unit="cm" value="1.3">1.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
diameters. Two males emerged from one of them and two males and a female (dead inside the nest) from the other. The mean weight of the males was
|
||
<quantity id="4CE79B72FFC8FFA3DA28FFA5FAB1FF13" box="[1307,1407,152,175]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.053" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" unit="mg" value="10.53">10.53 mg</quantity>
|
||
(n = 4; s =
|
||
<quantity id="4CE79B72FFC8FFA3DFC1FF87FE80FF6D" box="[242,334,186,209]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.46" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" unit="mg" value="3.46">3.46 mg</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D14FFC8FFA3DE52FF87FE3BFF6D" box="[353,501,186,209]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Ephuta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA85FFC8FFA3DE52FF87FE3BFF6D" box="[353,501,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Ephuta icema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
did not enter into diapause during completion of its development, approximately in 21 days.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |