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<document id="74F95D4E5DCF12A21367D4ABC7424DD4" ID-CLB-Dataset="63774" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6421029" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bd0ceff3-ccfb-4ba1-b3bd-748dd7cd708d" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6421029" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1600879984652" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="860EC8445714FFEFFF04FB50B205F7B5" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Rhinopomatidae_164.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Rhinopoma muscatellum Thomas 1903" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="174" masterDocId="7A37B03C5717FFECFFB6FFB0B83CFFE1" masterDocTitle="Rhinopomatidae" masterLastPageNumber="176" masterPageNumber="164" pageNumber="174" updateTime="1698845933878" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="B3B6227397D038582EA6CB8386B0724E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="79CFD7B417F0AAB2BF2E0090EDBBDD07">
<mods:title id="C0C942AE7C75C041ADA6A6ABE2CCC357">Rhinopomatidae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="E9ECFFB9E2B76C6CA1C01A1A72D269E4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2C94F1642954F934E09337AFC07991D5">
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<mods:namePart id="09F0121964716F5BA464210E8DD5DD4C">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E9A6966A933EEC926A8696F68D8F6B8B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="87F4D36CA8FAF6B650480EA43FD1F6D1">
<mods:roleTerm id="46023E15F3A75AE39D26ED92F03F82EF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="058A0520FA40303CCC2F6C03EDA4B15E">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="738E8DA64731332485BDE557FDC9381E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="D4927308176F37F90670852417342D91">2019</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:dateOther id="97A7BE071EA03F27D81B9EC729C2702F" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
<mods:publisher id="00FF1FA00ACE50A2B69B3C1432CD0EDF">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
<mods:place id="01BB172B0A9028E7704B76A663DDC72C">
<mods:placeTerm id="E708E1E9D4899D71872A6A119665E5CD">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:titleInfo id="9A158A45797C3728A53654238EEAEF37">
<mods:title id="F8FE4A1C02E8011F523B937489F0D0E0">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="8476313C480F797CD97D436500375431">
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<mods:start id="A3A905EFC429E2CB7EAC1E817E120C4E">164</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="D7BB84E879EF0DD29AC6ED61A0B21FAA">book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="F627411364C19EE7ADA13E9FA67E1333" type="CLB-Dataset">63774</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7F6CA5359922555E104C490D7CAF1BDB" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6421029</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="71D1B665AFDCB9542DB063572417FC96" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1A96D133031D127704A99A4089671AB1" type="Zenodo-Dep">6421029</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="860EC8445714FFEFFF04FB50B205F7B5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6421049" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195731392" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6421049" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:860EC8445714FFEFFF04FB50B205F7B5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/860EC8445714FFEFFF04FB50B205F7B5" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95714FFEFFF04FB50B8EDFAF3" box="[178,209,1248,1298]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="0E1879525714FFEFFF04FB50B8EDFAF3" blockId="3.[175,1310,1248,1374]" box="[178,209,1248,1298]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<heading id="5550CE3E5714FFEFFF04FB50B8EDFAF3" box="[178,209,1248,1298]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<figureCitation id="969C65D75714FFEFFF04FB50B8EDFAF3" box="[178,209,1248,1298]" captionStart="Plate 12: Rhinopomatidae" captionStartId="2.[129,159,3402,3427]" captionTargetBox="[17,2752,12,2439]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Greater Mouse-tailed Bat (Rhinopoma microphyllum), 2. Muscat Mouse-tailed Bat (Rhinopoma muscatellum), 3. Hadramaut Mouse-tailed Bat (Rhinopoma hadramauticum), 4. Lesser Mouse-tailed Bat (Rhinopoma hardwicku), 5. Arabian Mouse-tailed Bat (Rhinopoma cystops)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6421053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6421053/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">2.</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95714FFEFFF55FB50BADEFAF3" box="[227,738,1248,1298]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="0E1879525714FFEFFF55FB50BADEFAF3" blockId="3.[175,1310,1248,1374]" box="[227,738,1248,1298]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<heading id="5550CE3E5714FFEFFF55FB50BADEFAF3" box="[227,738,1248,1298]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<vernacularName id="80A4097C5714FFEFFF55FB50BADEFAF3" box="[227,738,1248,1298]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25714FFEFFF55FB50B944FAF3" box="[227,376,1248,1298]" name="Oman" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Muscat</collectingCountry>
Mouse-tailed Bat
</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95714FFEFFCA5FB50BCDBFAF3" box="[787,1255,1248,1298]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0E1879525714FFEFFCA5FB50BCDBFAF3" blockId="3.[175,1310,1248,1374]" box="[787,1255,1248,1298]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<heading id="5550CE3E5714FFEFFCA5FB50BCDBFAF3" box="[787,1255,1248,1298]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15714FFEFFCA5FB50BCDBFAF3" ID-CoL="78TPM" authority="Thomas" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" box="[787,1255,1248,1298]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muscatellum">
<emphasis id="3CD3A5405714FFEFFCA5FB50BCDBFAF3" box="[787,1255,1248,1298]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Rhinopoma muscatellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95714FFEFFF07FA93BAA6FABF" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="0E1879525714FFEFFF07FA93BD21FAD9" blockId="3.[175,1310,1248,1374]" box="[177,1309,1315,1336]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<heading id="5550CE3E5714FFEFFF07FA93BD21FAD9" box="[177,1309,1315,1336]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="3CD3A5405714FFEFFF07FA93B8C1FAD9" bold="true" box="[177,253,1315,1336]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="80A4097C5714FFEFFEB0FA93B9D7FAD9" box="[262,491,1315,1336]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
Rhinopome de
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25714FFEFFE17FA93B9D7FAD9" box="[417,491,1315,1336]" name="Oman" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Muscat</collectingCountry>
</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="3CD3A5405714FFEFFE49FA93BA66FAD9" bold="true" box="[511,602,1315,1336]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="80A4097C5714FFEFFDD2FA93BB89FAD9" box="[612,949,1315,1336]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Muscat-Mausschwanzfledermaus</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="3CD3A5405714FFEFFC7CFA93BC19FAD9" bold="true" box="[970,1061,1315,1336]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="80A4097C5714FFEFFB99FA93BD21FAD9" box="[1071,1309,1315,1336]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
Rhinopoma de
<collectingRegion id="CC63B7B05714FFEFFB7FFA93BD21FAD9" box="[1225,1309,1315,1336]" country="Oman" name="Masqat" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Mascate</collectingRegion>
</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E1879525714FFEFFF06FAF9BAA6FABF" blockId="3.[175,1310,1248,1374]" box="[176,666,1353,1374]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<heading id="5550CE3E5714FFEFFF06FAF9BAA6FABF" box="[176,666,1353,1374]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="3CD3A5405714FFEFFF06FAF9B994FABF" bold="true" box="[176,424,1353,1374]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Other common names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="80A4097C5714FFEFFE07FAF9BAA6FABF" box="[433,666,1353,1374]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Small Mouse-tailed Bat</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95714FFEFFCA3FA3EBBB1FA39" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="0E1879525714FFEFFCA3FA3EBBB1FA39" blockId="3.[787,1382,1422,1850]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="3CD3A5405714FFEFFCA3FA3EBB8CFA4E" bold="true" box="[789,944,1422,1455]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15714FFEFFC09FA3EBBB5FA39" ID-CoL="78TPM" authority="Thomas, 1903" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muscatellum">Rhinopoma muscatellum Thomas, 1903</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95714FFEFFC2AFA0FBBF8FA1F" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0E1879525714FFEFFC2AFA0FBBF8FA1F" blockId="3.[787,1382,1422,1850]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<materialsCitation id="BECF730F5714FFEFFC2AFA0FBBF8FA1F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3802899301" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
“Wadi Bani Ruha,”
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25714FFEFFB03FA0FBD25FA39" box="[1205,1305,1471,1496]" name="Oman" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Muscat</collectingCountry>
, Arabia (
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25714FFEFFCE0FA51BB8AFA1F" box="[854,950,1505,1534]" name="Oman" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Oman</collectingCountry>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95714FFEFFCA3F9B5BC4FF7AD" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="0E1879525714FFEFFCA3F9B5BC4FF7AD" blockId="3.[787,1382,1422,1850]" lastBlockId="3.[168,1381,1855,3468]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15714FFEFFCA3F9B5BC64F9C7" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" box="[789,1112,1541,1574]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muscatellum">Rhinopoma muscatellum</taxonomicName>
was considered a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15714FFEFFC68F99CBCB1F9AC" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[990,1165,1580,1613]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">R. hardwickii</taxonomicName>
until A. F. De-Blase and colleagues in 1973 convincingly demonstrated differences between them, supporting their status as distinct species. With regard to larger size of individuals from eastern
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25714FFEFFC6AF942BC29F8F2" box="[988,1045,1778,1811]" name="Iran" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Iran</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25714FFEFFBD1F942BD2FF8F2" box="[1127,1299,1778,1811]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
, they proposed separate subspecific status of seicanum. Molecular analyses revealed that divergence between
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15714FFEFFB81F88FBCE9F881" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" box="[1079,1237,1855,1888]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muscatellum">muscatellum</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15714FFEFFA95F88FB8C4F869" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">hardwickii</taxonomicName>
was even deeper than expected:
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15714FFEFFD7FF8D7BB5AF869" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" box="[713,870,1895,1928]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muscatellum">muscatellum</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15714FFEFFC1AF8D7BC45F869" authorityName="Benda" authorityYear="2009" box="[940,1145,1895,1928]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hadramauticum">hadramauticum</taxonomicName>
form a common clade with
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15714FFEFFEFEF83EB9CEF84E" baseAuthorityName="Brunnich" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[328,498,1934,1967]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microphyllum">microphyllum</taxonomicName>
and quite distant from the clade of other forms of
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15714FFEFFB7FF83EBD61F84E" authorityName="E. Geoffroy" authorityYear="1818" box="[1225,1373,1934,1967]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhinopoma</taxonomicName>
. Large genetic distance between samples of
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15714FFEFFCB8F806BBE8F836" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" box="[782,980,1974,2007]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muscatellum">R. muscatellum</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25714FFEFFB9CF806BCBEF836" box="[1066,1154,1974,2007]" name="Oman" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Oman</collectingCountry>
and those from
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25714FFEFFF1BF86DB8DAF81F" box="[173,230,2013,2046]" name="Iran" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Iran</collectingCountry>
(4-9-5-4% based on cytochrome-b), together with data on phenotype homogeneity of all Iranian samples including topotypic seianum, suggest a split of
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15714FFEFFB28F7B5BD58F7C7" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" box="[1182,1380,2053,2086]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muscatellum">R. muscatellum</taxonomicName>
into two distinct clades. Correspondingly, two subspecies recognized.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95714FFEFFF1AF7E1BAEEF6D9" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" type="synonymic_list">
<caption id="5AD829DA5714FFEFFF1AF7E1BAEEF6D9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6421041" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6421041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6421041/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" targetBox="[172,764,1428,1842]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="0E1879525714FFEFFF1AF7E1BA02F793" blockId="3.[168,1381,1855,3468]" box="[172,574,2129,2162]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="3CD3A5405714FFEFFF1AF7E1BA02F793" bold="true" box="[172,574,2129,2162]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E1879525714FFEFFF1BF7CBBA2EF723" blockId="3.[168,1381,1855,3468]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15714FFEFFF1BF7CBBA2EF723" authority="Thomas, 1903" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="muscatellum" subSpecies="muscatellum">R.m.muscatellumThomas,1903—EArabianPeninsulaatAl-HajarMts(EUnitedArabEmiratesandNEOman).</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E1879525714FFEFFF1BF77EBAEEF6D9" blockId="3.[168,1381,1855,3468]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15714FFEFFF1BF77EBA09F70A" authority="Thomas, 1913" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[173,565,2254,2283]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="muscatellum" subSpecies="secanum">R. m. secanum Thomas, 1913</taxonomicName>
— W &amp; S
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25714FFEFFD0FF77EBAC9F70A" box="[697,757,2254,2283]" name="Iran" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Iran</collectingCountry>
, S
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25714FFEFFCABF77EBBF5F70A" box="[797,969,2254,2283]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
, and S
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25714FFEFFB87F77EBC9BF70A" box="[1073,1191,2254,2283]" name="Pakistan" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
, up to
<geoCoordinate id="6B931F955714FFEFFABDF77EBD67F70A" box="[1291,1371,2254,2283]" degrees="34" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" precision="55555" value="34.0">34° N</geoCoordinate>
; perhapsalso
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25714FFEFFED4F741B991F6F3" box="[354,429,2289,2322]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">India</collectingCountry>
, but records from Genji in
<collectingRegion id="CC63B7B05714FFEFFC9FF741BB8DF6F3" box="[809,945,2289,2322]" country="India" name="Rajasthan" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Rajasthan</collectingRegion>
and Gingee in
<collectingRegion id="CC63B7B05714FFEFFB3EF741BD11F6F3" box="[1160,1325,2289,2322]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
are doubtful (suspected misidentification).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95714FFEFFF1DF6F5BF51FE1E" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" type="description">
<paragraph id="0E1879525714FFEFFF1DF6F5BF51FE1E" blockId="3.[168,1381,1855,3468]" lastBlockId="3.[1449,2665,283,2136]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="3CD3A5405714FFEFFF1DF6F5B998F683" bold="true" box="[171,420,2373,2402]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head—body 53-64 mm, tail 56-75 mm, ear 18-3-22-4 mm, hindfoot 12-13 mm, forearm 48-5-55-4 mm; weight 4-6-14 g. The
<collectingCountry id="76B039C25714FFEFFBB6F6D8BC58F668" box="[1024,1124,2408,2441]" name="Oman" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Muscat</collectingCountry>
Mouse-tailed Bat is a small form of
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15714FFEFFE07F63FBA78F651" authorityName="E. Geoffroy" authorityYear="1818" box="[433,580,2447,2480]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhinopoma</taxonomicName>
(greatest lengths of skull 15-5-17-5 mm and lengths of tooth row from C' to M? 5-3-6-1 mm), with tail longer than forearm. Pelage is unicolored, pale gray without brownish tint typical for other species of
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15714FFEFFB3AF66FBD23F5E1" authorityName="E. Geoffroy" authorityYear="1818" box="[1164,1311,2527,2560]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhinopoma</taxonomicName>
and lighter on belly. Shape of nasal plate of the
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Mouse-tailed Bat differs from the Lesser Mouse-tailed Bat (
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15714FFEFFDA4F582BAFCF5AE" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[530,704,2610,2639]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">R. hardwickii</taxonomicName>
) and the Arabian Mouse-tailed Bat (
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15714FFEFFB7BF582BD6EF5AE" box="[1229,1362,2610,2639]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cystops">R. cystops</taxonomicName>
), particularly by lack of inflationsof lateral ridges and flat dorsal ridge sometimes having slight medial depression instead of triangular noseleaf structural characteristic of the latter species. Anterior part of skull of the
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Mouse-tailed Bat is narrower than in the Arabian Mouse-tailed Bat and more parallelsided, so that the outline as seen from above runs backward and then abruptly turns outward at zygomatic bone; in the Arabian Mouse-tailed Bat and other species of
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15714FFEFFCEDF4AABBD3F4DA" authorityName="E. Geoffroy" authorityYear="1818" box="[859,1007,2842,2875]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhinopoma</taxonomicName>
, general outline diverges evenly to the broadest point of zygomatic bone. Nasal prominences are large, thin, and inflated and project forward in front of anterior end of middle line of nasals. Hind edge of palate is distinctly behind level oflast molar. Bullae are conspicuously larger than in congeners. Nasal inflations are conspicuously large in lateral view, with angular anterior expansion attaining plain anterior to mesial base of canine. In adult
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Mouse-tailed Bats, lateral and distal margins of nasal inflations tend to form bony crest of pentagonal shape,typically accompanied by deep slit-like medial groove in posterior part of internasal surface. Palatal incision is distinctly V-shaped and terminates posterior to plane of last molars. Least breadths of post-palatal projection of the
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Mouse-tailed Bat are 1-6-2-2 mm compared to 2:2-2-7 mm in the Lesser Mouse-tailed Bat. Sagittal crest is moderately high in frontal region and indistinct in parietal part. Further differences from other species of
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15714FFEFFC0AF344BC73F2F4" authorityName="E. Geoffroy" authorityYear="1818" box="[956,1103,3316,3349]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhinopoma</taxonomicName>
, partly shared with the Greater Mouse-tailed Bat (
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15714FFEFFDEBF290BB06F2DC" baseAuthorityName="Brunnich" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[605,826,3360,3389]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microphyllum">R. microphyllum</taxonomicName>
), are dental characteristics: C' has distinct distal cingular cusp; upper molariform teeth are delicately build; talons are much narrower than in other species; and their palatal wall is low, with no talonal cusp on P* but a separate, mesially tapered, cingular protuberance at buccal crown axis. Talons of molars, particularly M', are quite narrow and tapered distally, with low palatal margin and shallow hypoconal undulation without cusp-like termination (as appears in
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15714FFEFFA61FE21BEBEFE53" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[1495,1666,401,434]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinopomatidae" genus="Rhinopoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hardwickii">R. hardwickii</taxonomicName>
group). Distinct rudimentary metacrista of M? is turned distally. Mesial cingular ridge on palatal side of C,is present, P,is relatively small, and P, is elongated, typically with broad distal basin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95714FFEFFA06FDBBB03AFD24" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="0E1879525714FFEFFA06FDBBB03AFD24" blockId="3.[1449,2665,283,2136]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="3CD3A5405714FFEFFA06FDBBBE1CFDC9" bold="true" box="[1456,1568,523,552]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Habitat.</emphasis>
Arid semi-desert habitats from sea level to elevations of
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(
<quantity id="C95FD4B75714FFEFF605FDBBB235FDC9" box="[2483,2569,523,552]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" unit="m" value="750.0">750 m</quantity>
on average). The
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Mouse-tailed Bat roosts in small caverns and rocky niches, narrow crevices in rocky cliffs, and dark areas in spacious karst caves, often in mixed colonies with the Greater Mouse-tailed Bat. Foraging areas of the
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Mouse-tailed Bat are treeless arid landscapes, often along rivers.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95714FFEFFA19FD7CB04DFBE1" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="0E1879525714FFEFFA19FD7CB04DFBE1" blockId="3.[1449,2665,283,2136]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="3CD3A5405714FFEFFA19FD7CBE89FD0C" bold="true" box="[1455,1717,716,749]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
The
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Mouse-tailed Bat regularly eats small-sized beetles and definitely prefers winged ants in autumn. Ants (Formicoidea) dominated seven of nine diet samples from
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, and beetles dominated two. Ants also dominated (up to 95%) three of seven diet samples in
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(all from October and early November); a late November sample had diverse prey, with predominant representation of Heteroptera (62%) not recorded in other samples; two April samples had high proportions of beetles (mostly smaller
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15714FFEFF94CFC09BF8EFC3B" box="[1786,1970,953,986]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scarabaeidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15714FFEFF84DFC09B0B7FC3B" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[2043,2187,953,986]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Carabidae</taxonomicName>
) and increased representation of
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15714FFEFFA19FC6FBE62FBE1" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1455,1630,991,1024]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
(10%) not recorded in autumn diets.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95714FFEFFA18FBB8B151FBB1" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="0E1879525714FFEFFA18FBB8B151FBB1" blockId="3.[1449,2665,283,2136]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="3CD3A5405714FFEFFA18FBB8BE09FBC8" bold="true" box="[1454,1589,1032,1065]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Breeding.</emphasis>
In
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, pregnant
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Mouse-tailed Bats were recorded in June-July, and lactating females were recorded in August and early September.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95714FFEFFA1AFBE7BE31FB0D" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" type="activity">
<paragraph id="0E1879525714FFEFFA1AFBE7BE31FB0D" blockId="3.[1449,2665,283,2136]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="3CD3A5405714FFEFFA1AFBE7BEA0FB99" bold="true" box="[1452,1692,1111,1144]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
Spring and autumn records suggest foraging activity in that time. Whether it continues in winter period is not clear. Field records of echolocation calls revealed frequency ranges of second harmonic: 30-37 kHz in
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and 31-33 kHz in
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95714FFEFFA1BFB44BDC1F8F5" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="0E1879525714FFEFFA1BFB44BDC1F8F5" blockId="3.[1449,2665,283,2136]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="3CD3A5405714FFEFFA1BFB44B05BFAF4" bold="true" box="[1453,2151,1268,1301]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
Most data about the
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Mousetailed Bat are anecdotal and mostly from autumn (October-November) and spring (April-May). A few reports on female maternity colonies suggest sexual segregation in summer, while in autumn, winter, and spring samples, both sexes appear together in equal proportions. In many cases, one orjust few individuals were found in a daytime roost, typically hidden in rocky crevices. Size of colonies occupying walls of caverns or spacious caves varies from few to 50 individuals.
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Mouse-tailed Bats often share roost with Greater Mouse-tailed Bats, Egyptian Rousettes (
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15714FFEFF681F9B9B188F9CB" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[2359,2484,1545,1578]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Rousettus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rousettus</taxonomicName>
aegyptiacus), Geoftroy’s Trident Leaf-nosed Bats (Asellia tridens), and Egyptian Tomb Bats (
<taxonomicName id="C9A702D15714FFEFF657F980B258F9B0" authorityName="E. Geoffroy" authorityYear="1818" box="[2529,2660,1584,1617]" class="Mammalia" family="Emballonuridae" genus="Taphozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Taphozous</taxonomicName>
perforatus). An aggregation of 200
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Mouse-tailed Bats found in Sistan (Iranian Balochistan) in late November indicated a tendency to form large winter colonies. Frequent appearance ofsingle bats or small groups in close vicinity to a larger colony roost suggests a fission—fusion pattern of roost occupancy at least in spring and autumn.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95714FFEFFA1DF8ADB262F854" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="0E1879525714FFEFFA1DF8ADB262F854" blockId="3.[1449,2665,283,2136]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="3CD3A5405714FFEFFA1DF8ADBF36F8DF" bold="true" box="[1451,1802,1821,1854]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Although the
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Mouse-tailed Bat is rarely recorded,it has a relatively wide distribution, occurs in a broad variety of habitats, and is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. It is considered near threatened in
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46BD2AD95714FFEFFA1DF874B205F7B5" pageId="3" pageNumber="174" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="0E1879525714FFEFFA1DF874B205F7B5" blockId="3.[1449,2665,283,2136]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="3CD3A5405714FFEFFA1DF874BE7DF83C" bold="true" box="[1451,1601,1988,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="174">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Akmali et al. (2017), Bates &amp; Harrison (1997), Benda &amp; Gaisler (2015), Benda etal. (2012), DeBlase (1980), DeBlase et al. (1973), Dookia &amp; Singh (2017), Ghalib et al. (2007), Harrison &amp; Bates (1991), Hill (1977), Hulva, Horacek &amp; Benda (2007), Judas et al. (2018), Kock (1969d), Largen et al. (1974), Lay (1967), Molur et al. (2002), Qumsiyeh &amp; Jones (1986), Shahabiet al. (2017), Thomas (1903b, 1913a), Van Cakenberghe &amp; De Vree (1994).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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