602 lines
74 KiB
XML
602 lines
74 KiB
XML
<document id="CD20E03516679913555FB0FFD5E5C8BC" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4796.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3896810" ID-ZooBank="66DD1FEB-6BDE-4AEB-8A7B-96594371E9C5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1592309422476" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Machado, Renato Jose Pires & Oswald, John David" docDate="2020" docId="5F2387E7704BFFEBFF5FFB05FF081F4E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4796.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4796 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Austrogymnocnemia Esben-Petersen 1917" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="74" masterDocId="A31AFF9F7003FFA2FFC8FFA5FFE8183D" masterDocTitle="Morphological phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the former antlion subtribe Periclystina (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae)" masterLastPageNumber="322" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="73" updateTime="1700276817129" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3DEB16190E54419C9FE0F804D68B0FE4">
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<mods:title id="5D75DF4905B93E561AE04429A8AEB0E1">Morphological phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the former antlion subtribe Periclystina (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BCF30CC429F9215A1F1CAD17EAA2CFE7">Machado, Renato Jose Pires</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="89E51FE5AEFDAEDF9F14678A5CE6F24B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="682BEDB0C7FFFCFD07D45F6DADA82C6D">Oswald, John David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A66E5A99966DC24CB72AF3D4BFBFF089">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="BB5969F74C48E8E111F1D6231F3BE06D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="957A72E06F7310A021E2EEB9928C1B04">
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<mods:date id="ED3C5F5CB7F45FE35202279B845E1224">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7EFC7FACB2B91781D268A361A319F472">2020-06-16</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="F598E5854562A3F43F1A911D1DEF398B" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="8EA52FD322F19DB1F2AD4F097B7578DD">4796</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="E232CEED1643AE97C585EB57D15D53AB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="91721B9ED840EDDB583C0D6A9763828A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4796.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DF7744324466B40784239CFA017F01D6" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="5F2387E7704BFFEBFF5FFB05FF081F4E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5F2387E7704BFFEBFF5FFB05FF081F4E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5F2387E7704BFFEBFF5FFB05FF081F4E" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<subSubSection id="9F90657A704BFFEAFF5FFB05FD4D1C84" box="[151,677,1183,1210]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D73536F1704BFFEAFF5FFB05FD4D1C84" blockId="72.[151,677,1183,1210]" box="[151,677,1183,1210]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<heading id="8C7D819D704BFFEAFF5FFB05FD4D1C84" bold="true" box="[151,677,1183,1210]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFF5FFB05FD4D1C84" ID-CoL="36BR" ID-ENA="2028730" authority="Esben-Petersen, 1917" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,677,1183,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFF5FFB05FD4D1C84" bold="true" box="[151,677,1183,1210]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFF5FFB05FE7A1C87" bold="true" box="[151,402,1184,1210]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Austrogymnocnemia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="B31B4B00704BFFEAFE52FB05FD4D1C84" author="Esben-Petersen, P." box="[410,677,1183,1210]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="203 - 219" refId="ref216720" refString="Esben-Petersen, P. (1917) Australian Neuroptera. Part iii. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 42, 203 - 219." type="journal article" year="1917">Esben-Petersen, 1917</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9F90657A704BFFEAFF5FFB78FD791CC8" box="[151,657,1244,1269]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="D73536F1704BFFEAFF5FFB78FD791CC8" blockId="72.[151,1437,1244,1361]" box="[151,657,1244,1269]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFF5FFB78FE051CC8" ID-CoL="3KTK" authority="Esben-Petersen, 1917" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,493,1244,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ceratoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFF5FFB78FEE11CC8" box="[151,265,1245,1269]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Ceratoleon</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="B31B4B00704BFFEAFED8FB79FE051CC8" author="Esben-Petersen, P." box="[272,493,1244,1269]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="203 - 219" refId="ref216720" refString="Esben-Petersen, P. (1917) Australian Neuroptera. Part iii. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 42, 203 - 219." type="journal article" year="1917">Esben-Petersen, 1917</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFE30FB78FD791CC8" bold="true" box="[504,657,1245,1269]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">new synonym.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9F90657A704BFFEAFF5FFB59FAAD1D6C" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="D73536F1704BFFEAFF5FFB59FE931D0E" blockId="72.[151,1437,1244,1361]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFF5FFB59FECD1D29" bold="true" box="[151,293,1275,1300]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<typeStatus id="08318853704BFFEAFF5FFB59FF241D29" box="[151,204,1276,1300]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFEE6FB59FE151D2E" ID-CoL="36BR" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1917" box="[302,509,1276,1299]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFEE6FB59FE151D2E" box="[302,509,1276,1299]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Austrogymnocnemia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFDC6FB59FC151D29" ID-CoL="3HR7S" authority="Esben-Petersen, 1915" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1915" box="[526,1021,1275,1300]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Gymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
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<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFDC6FB59FCFD1D29" box="[526,789,1276,1300]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Gymnocnemia bipunctata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="B31B4B00704BFFEAFCD5FB5EFC151D29" author="Esben-Petersen, P." box="[797,1021,1275,1300]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="56 - 74" refId="ref216677" refString="Esben-Petersen, P. (1915) Australian Neuroptera. Part ii. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 40, 56 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 18863" type="journal article" year="1915">Esben-Petersen, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation. Nomenclatural gender: feminine.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D73536F1704BFFEAFF5FFA9CFAAD1D6C" blockId="72.[151,1437,1244,1361]" box="[151,1349,1336,1361]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFF5FFA9CFEE11D6C" ID-CoL="3KTK" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,265,1337,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ceratoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFF5FFA9CFEE11D6C" box="[151,265,1337,1361]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Ceratoleon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFED0FA9CFD0F1D6C" ID-CoL="SNBW" authority="Esben-Petersen, 1917" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1917" box="[280,743,1336,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ceratoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
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<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFED0FA9CFDEA1D6C" box="[280,514,1337,1361]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Ceratoleon brevicornis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="B31B4B00704BFFEAFDC1FA9DFD0F1D6C" author="Esben-Petersen, P." box="[521,743,1336,1361]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="203 - 219" refId="ref216720" refString="Esben-Petersen, P. (1917) Australian Neuroptera. Part iii. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 42, 203 - 219." type="journal article" year="1917">Esben-Petersen, 1917</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation. Nomenclatural gender: masculine.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="9F90657A704BFFEAFF5FFADAFD0D1DDF" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="D73536F1704BFFEAFF5FFADAFD0D1DDF" blockId="72.[151,1437,1407,2046]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFF5FFADAFEFA1DA7" bold="true" box="[151,274,1407,1434]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Proleg, tibia/tarsus length ratio <1.6; male, gonarcus anterior margin thinner than posterior in lateral view; female ectoproct without cavisetae; female lateral gonapophyses smaller than ectoproct and with few cavisetae; female, membranous digitiform process present.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9F90657A704BFFEAFF0FFA4EFB601F3F" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D73536F1704BFFEAFF0FFA4EFB601F3F" blockId="72.[151,1437,1407,2046]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFF0FFA4EFEB11E3B" bold="true" box="[199,345,1515,1542]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Description.</emphasis>
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Head:
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<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFE6EFA49FE041E38" box="[422,492,1516,1541]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Vertex</emphasis>
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strongly raised.
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<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFD68FA4EFD071E38" box="[672,751,1515,1541]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Ocular</emphasis>
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usually absent.
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<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFC56FA49FBE01E3B" box="[926,1032,1516,1542]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Antennae</emphasis>
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clubbed and elongate; flagellomeres almost as long as wide at base, apical ones slightly wider than long (except
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<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFC3CF9B5FB7A1E14" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1917" box="[1012,1170,1551,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ceratoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
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<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFC3CF9B5FB7A1E14" box="[1012,1170,1551,1578]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">A. brevicornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFB63F9AAFAD21E14" box="[1195,1338,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Palpimacula</emphasis>
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opening oval-shaped, located medially. Miller’s organ present.
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<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFD3FF991FC2D1E70" box="[759,965,1587,1614]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Anterior Banksian</emphasis>
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line present in both wings, posterior present in the forewing (except
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<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFE03F9F2FDFB1E4C" box="[459,531,1623,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secula">
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<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFE03F9F2FDFB1E4C" box="[459,531,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">secula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group).
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<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFD01F9FDFCDD1E4C" box="[713,821,1624,1649]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Forewing</emphasis>
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prefork area wider than posterior area.
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<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFB26F9F2FA8B1E4C" box="[1262,1379,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Hind wing</emphasis>
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with one presectoral crossvein.
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<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFE0CF9DEFD441EA8" box="[452,684,1659,1685]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Male pilula axillaris</emphasis>
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present. Legs:
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<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFC92F9DEFC5E1EA8" box="[858,950,1659,1685]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Protibia</emphasis>
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longer than protarsi. Male Terminalia:
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<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFABDF9D9FF0F1E84" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Ectoproct</emphasis>
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posterior margin rounded;
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<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFDD3F905FD6A1E84" box="[539,642,1696,1721]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">gonarcus</emphasis>
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with anterior margin thinner than posterior margin;
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<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFB19F905FAD51E84" box="[1233,1341,1696,1721]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">paramere</emphasis>
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present. Female Terminalia:
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<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFEB4F961FD5A1EE0" box="[380,690,1732,1757]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Ectoproct posterior margin</emphasis>
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rounded;
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<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFCEFF966FBF21EE0" box="[807,1050,1731,1757]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">lateral gonapophyses</emphasis>
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small and set with few thickened setae;
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<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFF16F94DFE031F3C" box="[222,491,1767,1793]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">posterior gonapophyses</emphasis>
|
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elongate; 9
|
||
<superScript id="20FF9BB9704BFFEAFDA5F943FD921EC9" attach="left" box="[621,634,1766,1780]" fontSize="6" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">th</superScript>
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<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFD49F94DFD211F3C" box="[641,713,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">tergite</emphasis>
|
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with a membranous digitiform process.
|
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9F90657A704BFFEAFF0FF8AEFC371FC0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="D73536F1704BFFEAFF0FF8AEFBCF1F74" blockId="72.[151,1437,1407,2046]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFF0FF8AEFEB11F1B" bold="true" box="[199,345,1803,1830]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
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<figureCitation id="4FB12A74704BFFEAFEA0F8AEFE2D1F1B" box="[360,453,1803,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="78.[151,250,1431,1456]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1406]" captionTargetId="figure@78.[151,1436,345,1406]" captionTargetPageId="78" captionText="FIGURE 30. Distribution of Austrogymnocnemia species (part)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3896874" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3896874/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Figs. 30</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="4FB12A74704BFFEAFE18F8AEFE061F1B" box="[464,494,1803,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1256,1281]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1229]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[151,1437,181,1230]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 35. Distribution of Austrogymnocnemia bipunctata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3896884" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3896884/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">35</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4FB12A74704BFFEAFE32F8A9FDF11F1B" box="[506,537,1804,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="99.[151,250,1168,1193]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1142]" captionTargetId="figure@99.[151,1436,181,1142]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURE 42. Distribution of Austrogymnocnemia species (part)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3896900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3896900/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">42</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4FB12A74704BFFEAFDEBF8AEFDA91F1B" box="[547,577,1803,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="115.[151,250,1002,1027]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,976]" captionTargetId="figure@115.[151,1436,181,976]" captionTargetPageId="115" captionText="FIGURE 51. Distribution of Austrogymnocnemia species (part)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3896918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3896918/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">51</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4FB12A74704BFFEAFD85F8AEFD831F18" box="[589,619,1803,1829]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="131.[151,250,1575,1600]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,489,1550]" captionTargetId="figure@131.[151,1436,489,1550]" captionTargetPageId="131" captionText="FIGURE 60. Distribution of Austrogymnocnemia species (part)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3896936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3896936/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">60</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4FB12A74704BFFEAFDBEF8AEFD7B1F1B" box="[630,659,1803,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 69" captionStartId="144.[151,250,1642,1667]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,561,1617]" captionTargetId="figure@144.[151,1435,561,1617]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="FIGURE 69. Distribution of Austrogymnocnemia species (part)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3896956" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3896956/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">69</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AF9D7661704BFFEAFD61F8AEFCFC1F18" box="[681,788,1803,1829]" name="Australia" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
: ACT, NSW, NT, QLD, SA, TAS, VIC, WA;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AF9D7661704BFFEAFAC0F8A9FF561F74" name="New Caledonia" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
*;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AF9D7661704BFFEAFF1EF88AFE7F1F74" box="[214,407,1839,1865]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
*. Widely distributed across
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AF9D7661704BFFEAFD18F88AFCD21F74" box="[720,826,1839,1865]" name="Australia" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, including
|
||
<collectingRegion id="154EF813704BFFEAFC7DF88AFBCC1F74" box="[949,1060,1839,1865]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D73536F1704BFFEAFF0FF8F1FC371FC0" blockId="72.[151,1437,1407,2046]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFF0FF8F1FE611F53" bold="true" box="[199,393,1875,1902]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Included species</emphasis>
|
||
(21 spp.; in 3 species groups).
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFD17F8F6FC4F1F53" bold="true" box="[735,935,1875,1902]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFD17F8F6FCB21F53" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1915" box="[735,858,1875,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Gymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFD17F8F6FCB21F53" bold="true" box="[735,858,1875,1902]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">bipunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(6 spp.; monophyletic):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFB7FF8F1FF051FAC" authorityName="New" authorityYear="1985" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFB7FF8F1FF051FAC" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Austrogymnocnemia arcuata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFF32F8DDFBE51FAC" box="[250,1037,1911,1938]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFF32F8DDFE7B1FAC" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1915" box="[250,403,1911,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Gymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">A. bipunctata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFE54F8DDFDCB1FAF" authorityName="New" authorityYear="1985" box="[412,547,1912,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forcipata">A. forcipata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFDE4F8DDFD5D1FAC" baseAuthorityName="Tillyard" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[556,693,1911,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">A. maculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFD76F8DDFCC61FAC" authorityName="New" authorityYear="1985" box="[702,814,1911,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">A. pallida</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFCFFF8DDFBE51FAC" authority="Machado & Oswald, 2020" authorityName="Machado & Oswald" authorityYear="2020" box="[823,1037,1911,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomaculata" status="sp. nov.">A. pseudomaculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFBDBF8DDFB831FAF" bold="true" box="[1043,1131,1912,1938]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FECD5798704BFFEAFBDBF8DDFB831FAF" box="[1043,1131,1912,1938]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFBB0F8D2FADF1FAF" bold="true" box="[1144,1335,1911,1938]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFBB0F8D2FB021FAC" authorityName="Machado & Oswald" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Gerstaecker" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[1144,1258,1911,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meteorica">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFBB0F8D2FB021FAC" bold="true" box="[1144,1258,1911,1937]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">meteorica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(11 spp.; paraphyletic):
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFEF2F839FC2D1F88" box="[314,965,1947,1974]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFEF2F839FD7F1F88" authorityName="Machado & Oswald" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Tillyard" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[314,663,1947,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="berthoudi">Austrogymnocnemia berthoudi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFD6AF839FCAB1F88" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1917" box="[674,835,1947,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ceratoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">A. brevicornis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFC86F839FC2D1F88" authority="Machado & Oswald, 2020" authorityName="Machado & Oswald" authorityYear="2020" box="[846,965,1947,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceciliae" status="sp. nov.">A. ceciliae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFC04F839FBC61F8B" bold="true" box="[972,1070,1948,1974]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FECD5798704BFFEAFC04F839FBC01F8B" box="[972,1064,1948,1974]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFBFDF839FADC1F88" box="[1077,1332,1947,1974]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFBFDF839FB211F88" authorityName="Machado & Oswald" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Banks" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[1077,1225,1948,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspersa">A. conspersa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFB1CF839FADC1F88" authority="Machado & Oswald, 2020" authorityName="Machado & Oswald" authorityYear="2020" box="[1236,1332,1947,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diehli" status="sp. nov.">A. diehli</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFAF3F839FA7D1F8B" bold="true" box="[1339,1429,1948,1974]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FECD5798704BFFEAFAF3F839FA7D1F8B" box="[1339,1429,1948,1974]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFF5FF865FC351FE4" box="[151,989,1983,2010]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFF5FF865FEC91FE4" authorityName="Machado & Oswald" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Gerstaecker" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[151,289,1983,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissoluta">A. dissoluta</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFEE6F865FE611FE4" authorityName="Machado & Oswald" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[302,393,1983,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falsa">A. falsa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFE5DF865FDC31FE4" baseAuthorityName="Esben-Petersen" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[405,555,1984,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="interrupta">A. interrupta</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFDF0F865FD411FE4" authorityName="New" authorityYear="1985" box="[568,681,1983,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineata">A. lineata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFD7FF865FCA31FE4" authorityName="Machado & Oswald" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Gerstaecker" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[695,843,1984,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meteorica">A. meteorica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFC90F865FC351FE4" authorityName="Machado & Oswald" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Esben-Petersen" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[856,989,1983,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mjobergi">A. mjobergi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFC27F81AFB601FE7" bold="true" box="[1007,1160,1983,2010]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFC27F81AFBD01FE7" box="[1007,1080,1983,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secula">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFC27F81AFBD01FE7" bold="true" box="[1007,1080,1983,2010]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">secula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(4 spp.; monophyletic):
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFF5FF841FC951FC0" box="[151,893,2019,2046]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFF5FF841FE271FC0" box="[151,463,2019,2046]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mulesi">Austrogymnocnemia mulesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFE12F841FD971FC0" box="[474,639,2020,2046]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parviprocta">A. parviprocta</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFD42F841FD1B1FC0" box="[650,755,2019,2046]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secula">A. secula</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704BFFEAFD36F841FC951FC0" authority="Machado & Oswald, 2020" authorityName="Machado & Oswald" authorityYear="2020" box="[766,893,2020,2046]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tatarnici" status="sp. nov.">A. tatarnici</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FECD5798704BFFEAFC4CF841FC371FC0" box="[900,991,2020,2046]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704BFFEAFC4CF841FC311FC3" bold="true" box="[900,985,2020,2046]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9F90657A704AFFEBFF0FFF3CFE2318C7" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="D73536F1704AFFEBFF0FFF3CFE2318C7" blockId="73.[151,1437,152,1907]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFF0FFF3CFEA6188E" bold="true" box="[199,334,153,179]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFE9EFF3CFE48188E" box="[342,416,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Austro</emphasis>
|
||
- (from Latin austrinus, southern) +
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFCF4FF3CFC30188F" box="[828,984,153,178]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">gymnocnemia</emphasis>
|
||
(from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFBE0FF3CFB22188E" box="[1064,1226,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Gymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFBE0FF3CFB22188E" box="[1064,1226,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Gymnocnemia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, an antlion genusgroup name), in reference to the southern hemisphere distributions [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AF9D7661704AFFEBFC46FF19FC1318EA" box="[910,1019,188,215]" name="Australia" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
] and earlier generic placements of its originally included species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9F90657A704AFFEBFF0FFEA1FD781EDE" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="D73536F1704AFFEBFF0FFEA1FD501A03" blockId="73.[151,1437,152,1907]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFF0FFEA1FEA71922" bold="true" box="[199,335,260,287]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B31B4B00704AFFEBFE90FEA1FDB11922" author="Esben-Petersen, P." box="[344,601,260,287]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="203 - 219" refId="ref216720" refString="Esben-Petersen, P. (1917) Australian Neuroptera. Part iii. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 42, 203 - 219." type="journal article" year="1917">Esben-Petersen (1917)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
created
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFD74FEA0FC491922" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1917" box="[700,929,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFD74FEA0FC491922" box="[700,929,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Austrogymnocnemia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to accommodate the Australian species previously placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFEADFE8CFDEF197E" box="[357,519,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Gymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFEADFE8CFDEF197E" box="[357,519,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Gymnocnemia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(now Nemoleontinae: Megistopini, sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B31B4B00704AFFEBFC38FE8DFB0B197E" author="Machado, R. J. P. & Gillung, J. P. & Winterton, S. L. & Garzon-Orduna, I. J. & Lemmon, A. R. & Lemmon, E. M. & Oswald, J. D." box="[1008,1251,296,323]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="418 - 450" refId="ref217247" refString="Machado, R. J. P., Gillung, J. P., Winterton, S. L., Garzon-Orduna, I. J., Lemmon, A. R., Lemmon, E. M. & Oswald, J. D. (2019) Owlflies are derived antlions: anchored phylogenomics supports a new phylogeny and classification of Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera). Systematic Entomology, 44, 418 - 450. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12334" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Machado
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFBAAFE8CFB75197F" box="[1122,1181,296,322]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the original description, Esben-Petersen defined the genus based on the following characters: body stout, antennae clavate, abdomen shorter than wings, hind wing shorter than forewing, Banksian line present, legs short and strongly haired, tarsi almost as long as tibia, tarsomere 5 the longest, and tibial spurs absent. Esben-Petersen included five species in the genus:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFEF8FE1CFE2419EF" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1915" box="[304,460,440,467]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Gymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFEF8FE1CFE2419EF" box="[304,460,440,467]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">G. bipunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="08318853704AFFEBFE13FE1CFDE519EE" box="[475,525,441,467]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFDB6FE1CFCFC19EF" baseAuthorityName="Esben-Petersen" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[638,788,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="interrupta">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFDB6FE1CFCFC19EF" box="[638,788,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">G. interrupta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFCEAFE1CFC4619EF" baseAuthorityName="Tillyard" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[802,942,440,467]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFCEAFE1CFC4619EF" box="[802,942,440,467]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">G. maculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFC75FE1CFB9419EF" authorityName="Gerstaecker" authorityYear="1885" box="[957,1148,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Gymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pentagramma">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFC75FE1CFB9419EF" box="[957,1148,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">G. pentagramma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFB7CFE1CFAD219EF" baseAuthorityName="Gerstaecker" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[1204,1338,440,467]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Froggattisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tipularia">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFB7CFE1CFAD219EF" box="[1204,1338,440,467]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">G. tipularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(the last currently placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFEBDFE78FDED19CB" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1915" box="[373,517,477,502]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Froggattisca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFEBDFE78FDED19CB" box="[373,517,477,502]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Froggattisca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). After this initial paper, almost nothing was published about the genus until the taxonomic revision of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B31B4B00704AFFEBFE5DFDA4FDC41A26" author="New, T. R." box="[405,556,512,539]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 170" refId="ref217575" refString="New, T. R. (1985 b) A revision of the Australian Myrmeleontidae (Insecta: Neuroptera). II. Dendroleontini. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 105, 1 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 105" type="journal article" year="1985">New (1985b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in which 14 new species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFCB8FDA4FBBD1A26" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1917" box="[880,1109,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFCB8FDA4FBBD1A26" box="[880,1109,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Austrogymnocnemia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were described, bringing the total number to 18 at the beginning of this study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D73536F1704AFFEBFF0FFDECFD1B1ACE" blockId="73.[151,1437,152,1907]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B31B4B00704AFFEBFF0FFDECFEB41A5E" author="New, T. R." box="[199,348,584,611]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 170" refId="ref217575" refString="New, T. R. (1985 b) A revision of the Australian Myrmeleontidae (Insecta: Neuroptera). II. Dendroleontini. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 105, 1 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 105" type="journal article" year="1985">New (1985b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFE13FDECFD281A5E" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1917" box="[475,704,585,611]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFE13FDECFD281A5E" box="[475,704,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Austrogymnocnemia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species were very diverse and that the genus would probably require future modification. This idea was corroborated by the phylogenomic analysis of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B31B4B00704AFFEBFBAEFDC9FA891ABA" author="Machado, R. J. P. & Gillung, J. P. & Winterton, S. L. & Garzon-Orduna, I. J. & Lemmon, A. R. & Lemmon, E. M. & Oswald, J. D." box="[1126,1377,620,647]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="418 - 450" refId="ref217247" refString="Machado, R. J. P., Gillung, J. P., Winterton, S. L., Garzon-Orduna, I. J., Lemmon, A. R., Lemmon, E. M. & Oswald, J. D. (2019) Owlflies are derived antlions: anchored phylogenomics supports a new phylogeny and classification of Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera). Systematic Entomology, 44, 418 - 450. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12334" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Machado
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFB1DFDC8FAE51ABB" box="[1237,1293,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who recovered the genus as polyphyletic, and is further confirmed here. Based on the new morphological phylogenetic analysis presented here (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4FB12A74704AFFEBFE79FD11FE1F1AF2" box="[433,503,692,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1373,1398]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,348,1348]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,345,1348]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 4. Strict consensus tree of morphology-based parsimony analysis of species belonging to the former subtribe Periclystina (ingroup, names in black), and outgroups (names in red). Former Glenoleon species are shown on blue branches, former Austrogymnocnemia species on green branches. Numbers above branches are Bremer support values; numbers below branches are bootstrap values (shown where>50%)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3896822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3896822/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), we redefine and restrict the genus to a monophyletic assemblage of 21 species, which are grouped into three informal species groups.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D73536F1704AFFEBFF0FFD59FF101B9B" blockId="73.[151,1437,152,1907]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFF34FD59FEAC1B2B" box="[252,324,764,790]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secula">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFF34FD59FEAC1B2B" box="[252,324,764,790]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">secula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group—a clade sister to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFD22FD58FCB21B2B" authorityName="Machado & Oswald" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Gerstaecker" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[746,858,765,790]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meteorica">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFD22FD58FCB21B2B" box="[746,858,765,790]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">meteorica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFCB4FD59FC1C1B2B" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1915" box="[892,1012,764,790]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Gymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFCB4FD59FC1C1B2B" box="[892,1012,764,790]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">bipunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
groups—contains four species: three previously placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFE4DFC85FE121B07" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1913" box="[389,506,800,826]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Glenoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFE4DFC85FE121B07" box="[389,506,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Glenoleon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFDC3FC84FD9C1B07" box="[523,628,800,827]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mulesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFDC3FC84FD9C1B07" box="[523,628,800,827]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">A. mulesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFD4BFC84FCCE1B07" box="[643,806,801,827]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parviprocta">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFD4BFC84FCCE1B07" box="[643,806,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">A. parviprocta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFCFDFC84FC761B07" box="[821,926,800,827]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secula">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFCFDFC84FC761B07" box="[821,926,800,827]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">A. secula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and one new species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFB61FC84FAC11B07" authority="Machado & Oswald, 2020" authorityName="Machado & Oswald" authorityYear="2020" box="[1193,1321,801,827]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tatarnici" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFB61FC84FAC11B07" box="[1193,1321,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">A. tatarnici</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFAF9FC84FA641B06" bold="true" box="[1329,1420,801,827]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FECD5798704AFFEBFAF9FC84FA641B06" box="[1329,1420,801,827]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). The group is characterized by relatively slender species in which the pronotum and femur are elongate; the wings are thin and without posterior Banksian lines; the male mediuncus is long and acute; and the parameres are generally reduced.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D73536F1704AFFEBFF0FFC15FD6E1C43" blockId="73.[151,1437,152,1907]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFF33FC15FE9B1BF7" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1915" box="[251,371,944,970]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Gymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFF33FC15FE9B1BF7" box="[251,371,944,970]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">bipunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group—a clade separated out of the paraphyletic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFBC8FC14FB981BF7" authorityName="Machado & Oswald" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Gerstaecker" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[1024,1136,945,970]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meteorica">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFBC8FC14FB981BF7" box="[1024,1136,945,970]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">meteorica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group—contains five species that were previously placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFDE6FC70FCFB1BD2" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1917" box="[558,787,981,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFDE6FC70FCFB1BD2" box="[558,787,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Austrogymnocnemia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFCEDFC70FC741BD3" authorityName="New" authorityYear="1985" box="[805,924,981,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcuata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFCEDFC70FC741BD3" box="[805,924,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">A. arcuata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFC64FC70FBAD1BD3" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1915" box="[940,1093,980,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Gymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFC64FC70FBAD1BD3" box="[940,1093,980,1007]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">A. bipunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFB9CFC70FB331BD2" authorityName="New" authorityYear="1985" box="[1108,1243,981,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forcipata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFB9CFC70FB331BD2" box="[1108,1243,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">A. forcipata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFB23FC70FA9C1BD3" baseAuthorityName="Tillyard" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[1259,1396,980,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFB23FC70FA9C1BD3" box="[1259,1396,980,1007]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">A. maculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFA4CFC70FF0E1C2F" authorityName="New" authorityYear="1985" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFA4CFC70FF0E1C2F" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">A. pallida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and one new species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFE26FC5CFD2E1C2F" authority="Machado & Oswald, 2020" authorityName="Machado & Oswald" authorityYear="2020" box="[494,710,1016,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomaculata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFE26FC5CFD2E1C2F" box="[494,710,1016,1043]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">A. pseudomaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFD05FC5CFCCF1C2E" bold="true" box="[717,807,1017,1043]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FECD5798704AFFEBFD05FC5CFCCF1C2E" box="[717,807,1017,1043]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). This group, which contains the
|
||
<typeStatus id="08318853704AFFEBFB68FC5CFB381C2E" box="[1184,1232,1017,1043]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the genus, is close to Esben-Petersen’s original concept of the genus. Its species are stout and lack tibial spurs; the female posterior gonapophyses are recurved apically; the anterior margin of the male gonarcus is thin and down curved; and the parameres each bear an apical hook.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D73536F1704AFFEBFF0FFB2DFEA01D0E" blockId="73.[151,1437,152,1907]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFF32FB2CFE821C9F" authorityName="Machado & Oswald" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Gerstaecker" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[250,362,1161,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meteorica">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFF32FB2CFE821C9F" box="[250,362,1161,1186]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">meteorica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group—a paraphyletic assemblage comprised of several linages basal to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFAECFB2DFA741C9F" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1915" box="[1316,1436,1160,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Gymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFAECFB2DFA741C9F" box="[1316,1436,1160,1186]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">bipunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group—contains two species previously classified in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFD3BFB08FC301CFA" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1917" box="[755,984,1197,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFD3BFB08FC301CFA" box="[755,984,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Austrogymnocnemia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFC21FB08FB941CFB" baseAuthorityName="Esben-Petersen" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[1001,1148,1197,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="interrupta">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFC21FB08FB941CFB" box="[1001,1148,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">A. interrupta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFB7CFB08FACA1CFB" authorityName="New" authorityYear="1985" box="[1204,1314,1196,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFB7CFB08FACA1CFB" box="[1204,1314,1196,1223]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">A. lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), five species formerly placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFE54FB75FDF91CD7" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1913" box="[412,529,1232,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Glenoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFE54FB75FDF91CD7" box="[412,529,1232,1258]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Glenoleon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFDE8FB74FD441CD7" authorityName="Machado & Oswald" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Tillyard" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[544,684,1232,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="berthoudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFDE8FB74FD441CD7" box="[544,684,1232,1259]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">A. berthoudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFD71FB74FCA11CD7" authorityName="Machado & Oswald" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Banks" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[697,841,1233,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conspersa">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFD71FB74FCA11CD7" box="[697,841,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">A. conspersa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFC9EFB74FC311CD7" authorityName="Machado & Oswald" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Gerstaecker" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[854,985,1232,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissoluta">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFC9EFB74FC311CD7" box="[854,985,1232,1259]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">A. dissoluta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFC2EFB74FBD21CD7" authorityName="Machado & Oswald" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[998,1082,1232,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falsa">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFC2EFB74FBD21CD7" box="[998,1082,1232,1259]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">A. falsa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFBBFFB74FAED1CD7" authorityName="Machado & Oswald" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Gerstaecker" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[1143,1285,1233,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meteorica">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFBBFFB74FAED1CD7" box="[1143,1285,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">A. meteorica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), two species earlier assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFEA6FB51FE041D33" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1917" box="[366,492,1268,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ceratoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFEA6FB51FE041D33" box="[366,492,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Ceratoleon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFE36FB50FD751D33" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1917" box="[510,669,1268,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ceratoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFE36FB50FD751D33" box="[510,669,1268,1295]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">A. brevicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFD1EFB50FCB21D33" authorityName="Machado & Oswald" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Esben-Petersen" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[726,858,1268,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mjobergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFD1EFB50FCB21D33" box="[726,858,1268,1295]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">A. mjobergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and two new species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFBB8FB50FB001D33" authority="Machado & Oswald, 2020" authorityName="Machado & Oswald" authorityYear="2020" box="[1136,1256,1268,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ceciliae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFBB8FB50FB001D33" box="[1136,1256,1268,1295]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">A. ceciliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFB38FB50FAA31D32" bold="true" box="[1264,1355,1269,1295]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FECD5798704AFFEBFB38FB50FAA31D32" box="[1264,1355,1269,1295]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFA4CFB50FF3F1D0F" authority="Machado & Oswald, 2020" authorityName="Machado & Oswald" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diehli" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFA4CFB50FF3F1D0F" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">A. diehli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFF16FABCFEDF1D0E" bold="true" box="[222,311,1305,1331]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FECD5798704AFFEBFF16FABCFEDF1D0E" box="[222,311,1305,1331]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D73536F1704AFFEBFF0FFA99FD781EDE" blockId="73.[151,1437,152,1907]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFF0FFA99FEAD1D6B" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1917" box="[199,325,1340,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ceratoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFF0FFA99FEAD1D6B" box="[199,325,1340,1366]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Ceratoleon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B31B4B00704AFFEBFDDCFA99FCFD1D6A" author="Esben-Petersen, P." box="[532,789,1340,1367]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="203 - 219" refId="ref216720" refString="Esben-Petersen, P. (1917) Australian Neuroptera. Part iii. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 42, 203 - 219." type="journal article" year="1917">Esben-Petersen (1917)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who based its description on the highly modified species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFF5FFAC4FEDF1D47" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,311,1376,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ceratoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFF5FFAC4FEDF1D47" box="[151,311,1376,1403]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">C. brevicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Esben-Petersen noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFDBEFAC5FD1C1D47" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1917" box="[630,756,1376,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ceratoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFDBEFAC5FD1C1D47" box="[630,756,1376,1402]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Ceratoleon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recognizable based on wing venation and, particularly, its short, thick, antennal form. He subsequently described (1923) a second
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFC28FA21FBB61DA3" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1917" box="[992,1118,1412,1438]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ceratoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFC28FA21FBB61DA3" box="[992,1118,1412,1438]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Ceratoleon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFB0CFA20FAA11DA3" authorityName="Machado & Oswald" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Esben-Petersen" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[1220,1353,1412,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mjobergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFB0CFA20FAA11DA3" box="[1220,1353,1412,1439]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">C. mjobergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which lacked the distinctive antennae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFDD1FA0CFD501DFF" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1917" box="[537,696,1448,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ceratoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFDD1FA0CFD501DFF" box="[537,696,1448,1475]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">C. brevicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and he modified the characterization of the genus to exclude the antennal form character. The principal character phylogenetically linking these two distinctive species (as in our morphological analysis) is the biareolate costal area of the forewing. This character, however, appears to be very plastic within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFEF1F9B1FE1D1E13" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[313,501,1556,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Myrmeleontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, having arisen independently many times in different lineages (see also comments for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFF76F99DFEDB1E6F" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1913" box="[190,307,1592,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Glenoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFF76F99DFEDB1E6F" box="[190,307,1592,1618]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Glenoleon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Interestingly, the phylogenomic analysis of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B31B4B00704AFFEBFCF8F99DFBCF1E6E" author="Machado, R. J. P. & Gillung, J. P. & Winterton, S. L. & Garzon-Orduna, I. J. & Lemmon, A. R. & Lemmon, E. M. & Oswald, J. D." box="[816,1063,1592,1619]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="418 - 450" refId="ref217247" refString="Machado, R. J. P., Gillung, J. P., Winterton, S. L., Garzon-Orduna, I. J., Lemmon, A. R., Lemmon, E. M. & Oswald, J. D. (2019) Owlflies are derived antlions: anchored phylogenomics supports a new phylogeny and classification of Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera). Systematic Entomology, 44, 418 - 450. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12334" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Machado
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFC56F99CFC3E1E6F" box="[926,982,1592,1618]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not recover these two species as monophyletic;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFE95F9F8FE151E4B" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1917" box="[349,509,1628,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ceratoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFE95F9F8FE151E4B" box="[349,509,1628,1655]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">C. brevicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was placed as sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFCC8F9F8FC671E4B" authorityName="Machado & Oswald" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Gerstaecker" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[768,911,1629,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meteorica">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFCC8F9F8FC671E4B" box="[768,911,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">A. meteorica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFC29F9F8FB8D1E4B" authorityName="Machado & Oswald" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Esben-Petersen" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[993,1125,1628,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mjobergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFC29F9F8FB8D1E4B" box="[993,1125,1628,1655]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">C. mjobergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was sister to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFAECF9F9FA741E4B" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1915" box="[1316,1436,1628,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Gymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFAECF9F9FA741E4B" box="[1316,1436,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">bipunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group. But, because the phylogenetic analyses of both
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B31B4B00704AFFEBFC92F925FBBD1EA6" author="Machado, R. J. P. & Gillung, J. P. & Winterton, S. L. & Garzon-Orduna, I. J. & Lemmon, A. R. & Lemmon, E. M. & Oswald, J. D." box="[858,1109,1664,1691]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="418 - 450" refId="ref217247" refString="Machado, R. J. P., Gillung, J. P., Winterton, S. L., Garzon-Orduna, I. J., Lemmon, A. R., Lemmon, E. M. & Oswald, J. D. (2019) Owlflies are derived antlions: anchored phylogenomics supports a new phylogeny and classification of Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera). Systematic Entomology, 44, 418 - 450. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12334" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Machado
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFC02F924FBEB1EA7" box="[970,1027,1664,1690]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and the present work deeply nest both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFEC0F900FE411E83" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1917" box="[264,425,1700,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ceratoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFEC0F900FE411E83" box="[264,425,1700,1727]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">C. brevicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFE2BF900FD811E83" authorityName="Machado & Oswald" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Esben-Petersen" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[483,617,1700,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mjobergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFE2BF900FD811E83" box="[483,617,1700,1727]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">C. mjobergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within the clade recognized here as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFBC6F900FB1B1E82" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1917" box="[1038,1267,1701,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFBC6F900FB1B1E82" box="[1038,1267,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Austrogymnocnemia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFACBF901FA691E83" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1917" box="[1283,1409,1700,1726]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Ceratoleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFACBF901FA691E83" box="[1283,1409,1700,1726]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Ceratoleon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is here synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFE6BF96CFD601EDE" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1917" box="[419,648,1737,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFE6BF96CFD601EDE" box="[419,648,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Austrogymnocnemia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9F90657A704AFFEBFF0FF949FF081F4E" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="D73536F1704AFFEBFF0FF949FF081F4E" blockId="73.[151,1437,152,1907]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFF0FF949FECF1F3A" bold="true" box="[199,295,1772,1799]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B31B4B00704AFFEBFEF8F948FE381F3A" author="Stange, L. A." box="[304,464,1773,1799]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 565" refId="ref218011" refString="Stange, L. A. (2004) A systematic catalog, bibliography and classification of the world antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 74, [i-iv] + 1 - 565." type="journal article" year="2004">Stange (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
states that the larva of one species is known and is characterized by two mandibular teeth. However, the larva is not associated with any species, and it might not belong to a species that falls within the new circumscription of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="108A4D72704AFFEBFE1AF890FD5F1F72" authorityName="Esben-Petersen" authorityYear="1917" box="[466,695,1845,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Austrogymnocnemia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E5FEEAE3704AFFEBFE1AF890FD5F1F72" box="[466,695,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Austrogymnocnemia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presented here. Nothing more is known about the biology of the group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |