treatments-xml/data/0D/29/25/0D2925745EF7582B94D8B963FC8264D2.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.181.69045" ID-GBIF-Dataset="797ca6d5-cd4c-43d5-96da-ad70c92894e0" ID-PMC="PMC8387306" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-181-9" ID-Pensoft-UUID="11E3B4220E0A5ED887D3BD80E9EC2646" ID-PubMed="34512094" ModsDocID="1314-2003-181-9" checkinTime="1629294913052" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hrones, Michal, Leong-Skornickova, Jana, Niissalo, Matti A. &amp; Dancak, Martin" docDate="2021" docId="0D2925745EF7582B94D8B963FC8264D2" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 181: 9-19" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 181" docPubDate="2021-08-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.181.69045" docTitle="Hanguana deflexa Hrones &amp; Dancak 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="11E3B4220E0A5ED887D3BD80E9EC2646" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="11E3B4220E0A5ED887D3BD80E9EC2646" masterDocTitle="Hanguana deflexa (Hanguanaceae), a new forest species from Sarawak, Borneo" masterLastPageNumber="19" masterPageNumber="9" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1668140420699" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Hanguana deflexa (Hanguanaceae), a new forest species from Sarawak, Borneo</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hrones, Michal</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0380-929X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc, CZ- 78371, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">michal.hrones@upol.cz</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Leong-Skornickova, Jana</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board Singapore, 1 Cluny Road, 259569, Singapore, Singapore</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Niissalo, Matti A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board Singapore, 1 Cluny Road, 259569, Singapore, Singapore</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Dancak, Martin</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3851-4969</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc, CZ- 78371, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-08-18</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>181</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>9</mods:start>
<mods:end>19</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.181.69045</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.181.69045</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-181-9</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">11E3B4220E0A5ED887D3BD80E9EC2646</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="184587216" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0D2925745EF7582B94D8B963FC8264D2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0D2925745EF7582B94D8B963FC8264D2" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName LSID="0D292574-5EF7-582B-94D8-B963FC8264D2" authority="Hroneš &amp; Dančák" authorityName="Hrones &amp; Dancak" authorityYear="2021" class="Liliopsida" family="Hanguanaceae" genus="Hanguana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hanguana deflexa" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deflexa" status="sp. nov.">
Hanguana deflexa 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hroneš">Hrones</normalizedToken>
&amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dančák">Dancak</normalizedToken>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Hanguana deflexa Hrones &amp; Dancak A-C habit in-situ D structure of infructescence E lamina F adaxial and G abaxial surface of lamina. Photographed by M. Hrones (all except C from Hrones &amp; Dancak 422020, C from Hrones &amp; Dancak 452020)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.181.69045.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578202" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Figures 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Hanguana deflexa Hrones &amp; Dancak A rhizome with fibre remnants of leaf sheaths B stem covered by leaf sheaths C floccose indumentum on abaxial side of pseudopetiole D peduncle with pale brown-grey floccose indumentum E structure of infructescence with sterile and fertile bracts F top view of fruit showing detail of stigma G side view of fruit H basal part of fruit with tepals I detail of inner tepals, staminodes and staminodial scales J longitudinal section of fruit K cross-section of fruit L side view of seed M top view of seed N bottom view of seed. The smallest grid (where applicable): 1 x 1 mm. Photographed by M. Hrones (A, B, D, G-O from Hrones &amp; Dancak 422020, C, E, F from Hrones &amp; Dancak 452020)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.181.69045.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578203" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">, 2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
Similar to 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Hanguana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hanguana loi" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Hanguana loi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Mohd Fahmi, Sofiman Othman &amp; P.C.Boyce but differs in flat leaf blade (vs corrugated), pseudopetioles 0.8-2.1 cm wide (vs to 0.6 cm wide), rachis of infructescence up to 10 cm long (vs ca 58 cm long), ripe fruit ca 1 cm in diam. (vs ca 0.5 cm in diam.), and unbranched partial infructescences (vs branched).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-01-22" collectorName="M. Hrones, M. Dancak" country="Malaysia" county="Tuyo river" elevation="610" latitude="4.462639" location="Lawas district" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="115.497665" municipality="Long Tuyo village" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry name="Malaysia">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, Sarawak, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0D2925745EF7582B94D8B963FC8264D2:9901BFB5B1CC4A5484EAF2AEC4D7AFBD" country="Malaysia" county="Tuyo river" latitude="4.462639" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="115.497665" municipality="Long Tuyo village" name="Lawas district">Lawas district</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Long Tuyo village</collectingMunicipality>
, on slopes in primary rainforest above left bank of 
<collectingCounty>Tuyo river</collectingCounty>
, ca 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" unit="km" value="2.3">2.3 km</quantity>
ESE of village, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="27.75833" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.462639">4°27.75833'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="115" direction="east" minutes="29.86000" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="115.497665">115°29.86000'E</geoCoordinate>
, ca 
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" unit="m" value="610.0">
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" unit="m" value="610.0">610 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<collectingDate value="2020-01-22">22 Jan 2020</collectingDate>
; 
<collectorName>
M. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hroneš">Hrones</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>
M. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dančák">Dancak</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
422020 (
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
SAR, isotype OL)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.181.69045.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578202" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hrones &amp; Dancak" authorityYear="2021" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Hanguana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hanguana deflexa" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deflexa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Hanguana deflexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hroneš">Hrones</normalizedToken>
&amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dančák">Dancak</normalizedToken>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">A-C</emphasis>
habit in-situ 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">D</emphasis>
structure of infructescence 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">E</emphasis>
lamina 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">F</emphasis>
adaxial and 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">G</emphasis>
abaxial surface of lamina. Photographed by M. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hroneš">Hrones</normalizedToken>
(all except 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
from 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hroneš">Hrones</normalizedToken>
&amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dančák">Dancak</normalizedToken>
422020, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
from 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hroneš">Hrones</normalizedToken>
&amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dančák">Dancak</normalizedToken>
452020).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
Herbaceous, dioecious mesophyte to ca 1.5 m tall. Stem terete, to 2.5 cm in diam., basally semi-ascending to erect, fully covered by leaf sheaths when young, with age becoming leafless and covered by fibrous remnants of leaf sheaths, terminally with crown of up to 10 leaves; stolons absent. Leaves 70-110 cm long, spreading then arching, bases imbricate with hyaline margins (young leaves), turning brown and erose-marcescent with age; pseudopetiole 13-70 cm long, 0.8-2.1 cm wide, accounting for 1/3-1/2 of entire leaf length, roundly channelled with sharp margins, basally greyish-white floccose; leaf blade 40-70 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
8-20 cm, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, base attenuate, tip long narrowly attenuate with apicule to 5 mm, leathery, flat, adaxially mid to dark green (in close-up with darker green blotches and transverse veins resulting in checker-like variegation), greyish-white floccose when young, falling off in older leaves, abaxially light green, prominently floccose in young leaves, falling off with age; midrib weakly impressed, pale green adaxially, round-raised, lighter green, almost glabrous and shiny abaxially. Male inflorescences not seen, female inflorescence not seen. Infructescence deflexed, procumbent to suberect, comprising of up to 5 partial, whorled, alternate-secund, spiciform infructescences ascending at 70°-80° angle, plus a terminal spike; peduncle and rachis together up to 35 cm tall, pale green when fresh, densely pale brown-grey flocculose, visible portion of peduncle up to 25 cm long; sterile bract one per peduncle, foliaceous, persistent, narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic with a basal claw, up to ca 14-24 (incl. 2 cm long claw) 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
ca 3-5 cm; bracts subtending lower partial infructescences similar to sterile bracts, diminishing in size and becoming narrowly triangular distally along the infructescence, the bract supporting the most basal partial infructescence ca 7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1 cm (incl. ca 1.5 cm long claw), fully reduced in uppermost partial infructescences; all bracts densely pale brown-grey flocculose; partial infructescences each comprising up to 4 branches at basal levels (gradually less with up to single branch towards the apex of the infructescence), branches arising simultaneously from the axil of the subtending bract, ca 2-3 mm in diam., usually unbranched, up to 5 cm long, with up to ca 10 fruits each. Female flowers scattered, solitary, sessile, all with an associated minute bracteole; perianth composed of 6 tepals in two whorls tightly clasping ovary/fruit in fresh material, all tepals with prominent bulbous thickening at base (more prominent in outer whorl), light green, margin ca 0.5-1 mm wide, hyaline translucent white (turning brown with age); outer tepals broadly ovate, ca 0.5-1 mm long, ca 1.5-2 mm broad, connate at base (only 0.2 mm), sparsely hairy; inner tepals almost orbicular, ca 3-3.5 mm long, 2.5-3 mm broad, basally imbricate but free, sparsely hairy; staminodes 6, in two whorls, pale green, triangular to narrowly triangular, outer staminodes ca 0.5-1 mm long, ca 0.3 mm broad at base, inner staminodes longer, ca 1.5-2 mm long, ca 0.5 mm at base, each basally sheathed with orbicular to broadly ovate, apically pointed to shallowly bilobed scale, ca 1-1.4 mm long, and 0.8-1.2 mm broad, apex and margins semitranslucent (when fresh) to light brown (when dry), gradually darker brown towards the base. Stigma 3-lobed, ca 2.5-3 mm in diam., each lobe ca 1.2-1.5 mm long (fruiting material), ovate to elliptic with slightly pointed apex curved upwards, lobes connate basally with somewhat raised centre, dark brown at fruiting stage, positioned terminally in ripe fruit. Ripe fruit globose, 8-12 mm in diam., dull purplish red, finally turning black; pulp 0.5-2 mm thick, pinkish-white to pinkish-yellow, fairly hard. Seed one per fruit, ca 5-6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4 mm, dark brown, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
globose to ellipsoid, deeply excavated, ostiole wedge-shaped accounting for ca 
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
of the seeds, without any discernible appendage on the rim, cavity filled with placental tissue.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.181.69045.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578203" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hrones &amp; Dancak" authorityYear="2021" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Hanguana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hanguana deflexa" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deflexa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Hanguana deflexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hroneš">Hrones</normalizedToken>
&amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dančák">Dancak</normalizedToken>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">A</emphasis>
rhizome with fibre remnants of leaf sheaths 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">B</emphasis>
stem covered by leaf sheaths 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
floccose indumentum on abaxial side of pseudopetiole 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">D</emphasis>
peduncle with pale brown-grey floccose indumentum 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">E</emphasis>
structure of infructescence with sterile and fertile bracts 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">F</emphasis>
top view of fruit showing detail of stigma 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">G</emphasis>
side view of fruit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">H</emphasis>
basal part of fruit with tepals 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">I</emphasis>
detail of inner tepals, staminodes and staminodial scales 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">J</emphasis>
longitudinal section of fruit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">K</emphasis>
cross-section of fruit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">L</emphasis>
side view of seed 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">M</emphasis>
top view of seed 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">N</emphasis>
bottom view of seed. The smallest grid (where applicable): 1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1 mm. Photographed by M. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hroneš">Hrones</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">A, B, D, G-O</emphasis>
from 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hroneš">Hrones</normalizedToken>
&amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dančák">Dancak</normalizedToken>
422020, 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">C, E, F</emphasis>
from 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hroneš">Hrones</normalizedToken>
&amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dančák">Dancak</normalizedToken>
452020).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
The specific epithet is derived from Latin adjective 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">deflexus</emphasis>
(i.e. bend, deflexed) and referring to the position of infructescence, a rare character in hitherto described 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1827" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Hanguana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hanguana" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Hanguana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">The species is known only from two localities in primary rainforest southeast of the village of Long Tuyo in Lawas district (northern Sarawak). Both populations occur on moderately steep slopes in altitudes around 600 m a.s.l.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
The species is so far known only from two small populations ca 1.4 km apart, each consisting of up to 10 adult individuals. Both populations, considered to be a single location (sensu 
<bibRefCitation author="Standards IUCN, Petitions Subcommittee" journalOrPublisher="Bioinformatics (England)" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B27" refString="Standards IUCN, Petitions Subcommittee, 2019. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, ver. 14. [accessed 8 March 2021] http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, ver. 14. [accessed 8 March 2021]" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2019">IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee 2019</bibRefCitation>
), are located in the forest with no legal protection and therefore threatened by potential logging. Although it is very likely, that 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. deflexa" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="deflexa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">H. deflexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in suitable habitats in surrounding areas, it is also clear that the species is not widespread, since no other herbarium collections exist in any of the 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Hanguana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hanguana major" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="major">Hanguana major</taxonomicName>
herbaria we have examined. Based on the IUCN criteria (
<bibRefCitation author="Standards IUCN, Petitions Subcommittee" journalOrPublisher="Bioinformatics (England)" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B27" refString="Standards IUCN, Petitions Subcommittee, 2019. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, ver. 14. [accessed 8 March 2021] http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, ver. 14. [accessed 8 March 2021]" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2019">IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee 2019</bibRefCitation>
), this species shall be provisionally treated as Critically Endangered (CR B2ab(iii); D) until more information is available for easing off this status.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="taxonomic remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Taxonomic remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
Based on the seed morphology, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hrones &amp; Dancak" authorityYear="2021" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Hanguana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hanguana deflexa" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deflexa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Hanguana deflexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the small forest species clade of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1827" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Hanguana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hanguana" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Hanguana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plaa053" author="Niissalo, MA" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" refId="B15" refString="Niissalo, MA, Leong-Skornickova, J, Sida, O, Khew, GS, 2020. Population genomics reveal apomixis in a novel system: uniclonal female populations dominate the tropical forest herb family, Hanguanaceae (Commelinales). AoB PLANTS 12: plaa053. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plaa053" title="Population genomics reveal apomixis in a novel system: uniclonal female populations dominate the tropical forest herb family, Hanguanaceae (Commelinales). AoB PLANTS 12: plaa 053." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plaa053" year="2020">Niissalo et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
) and therefore it is probably related to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. corneri" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="corneri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">H. corneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Škorničk">Skornick</normalizedToken>
. &amp; P.C.Boyce and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. neglecta" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="neglecta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">H. neglecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Škorničk">Skornick</normalizedToken>
. &amp; Niissalo (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.2" author="Niissalo, M" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="14 - 20" refId="B14" refString="Niissalo, M, Wijedasa, L, Boyce, PC, Leong-Skornickova, J, 2014. Hanguana neglecta (Hanguanaceae): A new plant species from a heavily collected and visited reserve in Singapore. Phytotaxa 188 (1): 14 - 20, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.2" title="Hanguana neglecta (Hanguanaceae): A new plant species from a heavily collected and visited reserve in Singapore." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.2" volume="188" year="2014">Niissalo et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3850/S2382581215000010" author="Leong-Skornickova, J" journalOrPublisher="Gardens' Bulletin (Singapore)" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 28" refId="B10" refString="Leong-Skornickova, J, Boyce, PC, 2015. Hanguana in Singapore demystified: An overview with descriptions of three new species and a new record. Gardens' Bulletin (Singapore) 67 (01): 1 - 28, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3850/S2382581215000010" title="Hanguana in Singapore demystified: An overview with descriptions of three new species and a new record." url="https://doi.org/10.3850/S2382581215000010" volume="67" year="2015">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Leong-Škorničková">Leong-Skornickova</normalizedToken>
and Boyce 2015
</bibRefCitation>
). However, it differs from both species by its deflexed (vs erect) infructescence. It further differs from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. corneri" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="corneri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">H. corneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by leaf blade abaxially light green (vs purple red) and from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. neglecta" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="neglecta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">H. neglecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by fruits ripening purplish red (vs fruits ripening black). The close relationship of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. deflexa" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="deflexa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">H. deflexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. neglecta" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="neglecta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">H. neglecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. corneri" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="corneri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">H. corneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is confirmed in our phylogenetic reconstruction (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Genomic analyses of Hanguana deflexa Hrones &amp; Dancak, using ddRADseq A maximum likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction using RAxML 7.2.8 (Stamatakis 2006). Sequences were added to a data matrix first published in Niissalo et al. (2020). Outgroups are not shown B allele balance, supporting tetraploid status of the species, measured using Smudgeplot v. 0.2.3 dev (Ranallo-Benavidez et al. 2020), using kmer length of 21, minimum kmer coverage of 20 and maximum kmer coverage of 10,000." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.181.69045.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578204" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">3</figureCitation>
); however, no other Bornean taxa are yet included in the matrix. The allele balance of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. deflexa" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="deflexa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">H. deflexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a distinctive peak at 25%, suggesting that the species is tetraploid, and, like another tetraploid species, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. anthelminthica" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="anthelminthica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">H. anthelminthica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it may be capable of sexual reproduction (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plaa053" author="Niissalo, MA" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" refId="B15" refString="Niissalo, MA, Leong-Skornickova, J, Sida, O, Khew, GS, 2020. Population genomics reveal apomixis in a novel system: uniclonal female populations dominate the tropical forest herb family, Hanguanaceae (Commelinales). AoB PLANTS 12: plaa053. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plaa053" title="Population genomics reveal apomixis in a novel system: uniclonal female populations dominate the tropical forest herb family, Hanguanaceae (Commelinales). AoB PLANTS 12: plaa 053." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plaa053" year="2020">Niissalo et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
The deflexed infructescence is a very rare trait among known 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1827" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Hanguana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hanguana" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Hanguana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. Except of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. bakoensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="bakoensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">H. bakoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Siti Nurfazilah, Sofiman Othman &amp; P.C.Boyce and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. nana" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">H. nana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Randi &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Škorničk">Skornick</normalizedToken>
., all 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1827" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Hanguana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hanguana" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Hanguana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species have erect infructescences. The protologue illustration of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. loi" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="loi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">H. loi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Mohd Fahmi, Sofiman Othman &amp; P.C.Boyce depicts a plant with deflexed infructescence, however, it is described as erect in the main text (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-012-9358-4" author="Mohd Fahmi, AB" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="205 - 211" refId="B13" refString="Mohd Fahmi, AB, Ahmad Sofiman, O, Boyce, PC, 2012. Studies on Hanguana (Commelinales: Hanguanaceae) for Sunda IV: Hanguana major clarified, a new species from Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, and description of male reproductive organs in H. bakoensis. Kew Bulletin 67 (2): 205 - 211, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-012-9358-4" title="Studies on Hanguana (Commelinales: Hanguanaceae) for Sunda IV: Hanguana major clarified, a new species from Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, and description of male reproductive organs in H. bakoensis." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-012-9358-4" volume="67" year="2012">Mohd Fahmi et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
). Larger individuals of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. deflexa" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="deflexa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">H. deflexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may superficially remind 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. loi" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="loi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">H. loi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by somewhat arching pseudopetioles and leaf blades (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Hanguana deflexa Hrones &amp; Dancak A-C habit in-situ D structure of infructescence E lamina F adaxial and G abaxial surface of lamina. Photographed by M. Hrones (all except C from Hrones &amp; Dancak 422020, C from Hrones &amp; Dancak 452020)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.181.69045.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578202" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">1C</figureCitation>
) and red ripe fruits but both species differ in lamina architecture, width of pseudopetioles, size of ripe fruits and infructescence arrangement as already outlined in the diagnosis. Another similar species, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. nana" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">H. nana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, shares with 
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. deflexa" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="deflexa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">H. deflexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
small overall size and red coloured fruits in somewhat sparse, deflexed infructescences but differs by stem evenly covered by leaves and bowl-shaped seeds (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.01.07" author="Randi, A" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="101 - 105" refId="B19" refString="Randi, A, Wijedasa, LS, Boyce, PC, Leong-Skornickova, J, 2021. Two new species of Hanguana (Hanguanaceae) from Kalimantan, Indonesia. Blumea 66 (1): 101 - 105, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.01.07" title="Two new species of Hanguana (Hanguanaceae) from Kalimantan, Indonesia." url="https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.01.07" volume="66" year="2021">Randi et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hrones &amp; Dancak" authorityYear="2021" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Hanguana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hanguana deflexa" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deflexa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Hanguana deflexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is already the sixth described species of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1827" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Hanguana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hanguana" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Hanguana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
known to occur in Sarawak (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-012-9358-4" author="Mohd Fahmi, AB" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="205 - 211" refId="B13" refString="Mohd Fahmi, AB, Ahmad Sofiman, O, Boyce, PC, 2012. Studies on Hanguana (Commelinales: Hanguanaceae) for Sunda IV: Hanguana major clarified, a new species from Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, and description of male reproductive organs in H. bakoensis. Kew Bulletin 67 (2): 205 - 211, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-012-9358-4" title="Studies on Hanguana (Commelinales: Hanguanaceae) for Sunda IV: Hanguana major clarified, a new species from Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, and description of male reproductive organs in H. bakoensis." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-012-9358-4" volume="67" year="2012">Mohd Fahmi et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
). Most species are known only from the south-western part of Sarawak, the only exception is 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Hanguana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hanguana major" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Hanguana major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Airy Shaw known from one locality in Lawas district in northern Sarawak. Our field observations suggest that the diversity of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1827" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Hanguana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hanguana" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Hanguana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in central and north-eastern parts of Sarawak is much greater and at least ten species occur in this area. However, these species cannot be described at present due to lack of complete photographic evidence and herbarium material of fruiting females necessary for their description.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.181.69045.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/578204" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Genomic analyses of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hrones &amp; Dancak" authorityYear="2021" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Hanguana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hanguana deflexa" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deflexa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Hanguana deflexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hroneš">Hrones</normalizedToken>
&amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dančák">Dancak</normalizedToken>
, using ddRADseq 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">A</emphasis>
maximum likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction using RAxML 7.2.8 (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446" author="Stamatakis, A" journalOrPublisher="Bioinformatics (England)" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="2688 - 2690" refId="B26" refString="Stamatakis, A, 2006. RAxML-VI-HPC: Maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics (England) 22 (21): 2688 - 2690, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446" title="RAxML-VI-HPC: Maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446" volume="22" year="2006">Stamatakis 2006</bibRefCitation>
). Sequences were added to a data matrix first published in 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plaa053" author="Niissalo, MA" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" refId="B15" refString="Niissalo, MA, Leong-Skornickova, J, Sida, O, Khew, GS, 2020. Population genomics reveal apomixis in a novel system: uniclonal female populations dominate the tropical forest herb family, Hanguanaceae (Commelinales). AoB PLANTS 12: plaa053. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plaa053" title="Population genomics reveal apomixis in a novel system: uniclonal female populations dominate the tropical forest herb family, Hanguanaceae (Commelinales). AoB PLANTS 12: plaa 053." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plaa053" year="2020">Niissalo et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
. Outgroups are not shown 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">B</emphasis>
allele balance, supporting tetraploid status of the species, measured using Smudgeplot v. 0.2.3dev (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14998-3" author="Ranallo-Benavidez, TR" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" refId="B18" refString="Ranallo-Benavidez, TR, Jaron, KS, Schatz, MC, 2020. GenomeScope 2.0 and Smudgeplot for reference-free profiling of polyploid genomes. Nature Communications 11(1): e1432. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14998-3" title="GenomeScope 2.0 and Smudgeplot for reference-free profiling of polyploid genomes. Nature Communications 11 (1): e 1432." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14998-3" year="2020">Ranallo-Benavidez et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
), using kmer length of 21, minimum kmer coverage of 20 and maximum kmer coverage of 10,000.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="additional specimen studied (paratype).">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Additional specimen studied (paratype).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
Malaysia, Sarawak, Lawas district, Long Tuyo village, on slopes in primary rainforest above right bank of unnamed left-bank tributary of Tuyo river, ca 2 km SE of village, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="27.37333" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.456222">4°27.37333'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="115" direction="east" minutes="29.22667" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="115.487114">115°29.22667'E</geoCoordinate>
, ca 620 m a.s.l., 23 Jan 2020; M. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hroneš">Hrones</normalizedToken>
&amp; M. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dančák">Dancak</normalizedToken>
452020 (OL).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>