176 lines
20 KiB
XML
176 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.434.7486" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a0241082-1202-4a31-a36c-6a755a1d9ad3" ID-PMC="PMC4141165" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-434-37" ID-PubMed="25152679" ID-ZBK="0A3E6FDDE27D49DF92FD04D0987C9CC0" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-434-37" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 434" ModsDocTitle="Two new species of harvestmen (Opiliones, Eupnoi, Neopilionidae) from Waitomo, New Zealand" checkinTime="1451245500961" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Taylor, Christopher K. & Probert, Anna" docDate="2014" docId="EC144510FABBA117254478B73CBFE0CF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 434: 37-45" docOrigin="ZooKeys 434" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.434.7486" docTitle="Forsteropsalis bona Taylor & Probert, 2014, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="32F7E0A3-1CE0-41EF-B7AA-48DDAE2A529A" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="565CFFE70267FFD7FF8FFF85193EAC34" masterDocTitle="Two new species of harvestmen (Opiliones, Eupnoi, Neopilionidae) from Waitomo, New Zealand" masterLastPageNumber="45" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1668159148989" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Two new species of harvestmen (Opiliones, Eupnoi, Neopilionidae) from Waitomo, New Zealand</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Taylor, Christopher K.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Probert, Anna</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>434</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>37</mods:start>
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<mods:end>45</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.434.7486</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.434.7486</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-434-37</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">0A3E6FDDE27D49DF92FD04D0987C9CC0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0A3E6FDDE27D49DF92FD04D0987C9CC0</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152054963" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:32F7E0A3-1CE0-41EF-B7AA-48DDAE2A529A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC144510FABBA117254478B73CBFE0CF" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="39" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Taxon classification Animalia Opiliones Neopilionidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/32F7E0A3-1CE0-41EF-B7AA-48DDAE2A529A" class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis bona" order="Opiliones" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bona">Forsteropsalis bona</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="39">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figure 1
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="39" type="holotype male">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Holotype male.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">WO. Lucky Strike Cave, Te Kuiti, on wall near entrance, 14 Feb 1959, K. A. J. Wise (MONZ).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="39" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
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WO. 2 males, Waitomo Valley, in stream crevice outside cave entrance (shady), specimens intertwined and sluggish, 30 Mar 1959, L. G. Watson (MONZ); 1 male, Weir Cave, Stubbs Farm, Waitomo, ca. 2 m from cave entrance within a 15 cm radius of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Arachnocampa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arachnocampa luminosa" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luminosa">Arachnocampa luminosa</taxonomicName>
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larvae, 23 Aug 2010, A. Probert (NZAC).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="39" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
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From the Latin bonus, good, in contrast to the related
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis fabulosa" order="Opiliones" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabulosa">Forsteropsalis fabulosa</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="39" type="male (n=4)">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Male (n=4).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
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Total body length 4.8-6.6; prosoma length 2.5-2.8, width 4.0-4.2. Prosoma (including ocularium) unarmed (Fig. 1A); ground colour in alcohol orange-brown with longitudinal yellow stripes on either side of ocularium (live coloration very dark brown [almost black] with orange-yellow stripes; appendages also black). Ozopores elongate, with small flanking lobes. Opisthosoma grey-yellow. Mouthparts cream-coloured; medial side of pedipalpal coxa with dense array of sharp denticles; cervix unarmed. Coxae yellow. Chelicerae (Fig. 1B): Segment I length 6.2-8.4; segment II 9.4-10.4. Elongate; segment I orange with lighter yellow patch at distal end, segment II dark orange-brown. Segment I denticulate, with denticles concentrated along dorsal, proventral and retroventral margins. Segment II massively inflated, evenly denticulate. Cheliceral fingers elongate, widely bowed apart; setae present on distal half of mobile finger. Pedipalps: Femur length 5.4-5.7; patella 2.2-2.4; tibia 2.8-3.1; tarsus 5.8-6.5. Distinctly elongate, yellow. Femur dorsally denticulate on proximal two-thirds; remainder of pedipalp unarmed. Setae sparse except for small concentration at prodistal end of patella; microtrichia present on tarsus and distal half of tibia; prodorsal end of patella with distinct protrusion but without definite finger-like apophysis (Fig. 1C). Tarsal claw without ventral tooth-row. Legs: Legs I femur length 8.6-9.9, patella 1.9-2.5, tibia 8.3-9.8; leg II femur 14.3-17.2, patella 2.2-2.8, tibia 14.4-17.8; leg III femur 7.5-8.7, patella 1.7-2.3, tibia 5.3-8.2; leg IV femur 8.5-10.7, patella 1.8-2.7, tibia 10.2-10.8. Femora sparsely denticulate, particularly in proximal half; remainder of legs unarmed. Distitarsus I with strong ventral tooth at distal end of each of first five or six pseudosegments (Fig. 1D). Tibia II with nine to fifteen pseudosegments; tibia IV with two pseudosegments. Penis (Fig. 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
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): Shaft subquadrate; tendon long. Bristle groups relatively long, posterior bristle group with longest bristles reaching dorsal margin in lateral view. Glans short, subtriangular in ventral view, narrowing rapidly in lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis bona" order="Opiliones" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bona">Forsteropsalis bona</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. A dorsal view of body, holotype B lateral view of body, pedipalps and chelicerae, holotype C dorsal view of right pedipalpal patella and tibia, holotype D proximal pseudosegments of right distitarsus I (venter upwards), holotype, showing ventrodistal teeth E penis, ventral view, specimen from Waitomo Valley F penis, right lateral view, specimen from Waitomo Valley.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
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Females of this species are currently unknown.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis bona" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bona">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="40" start="start">Forsteropsalis</pageBreakToken>
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bona
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from most other
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Forsteropsalis</taxonomicName>
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species by its unarmed prosoma and enormous, sub-globose cheliceral segment II with widely bowed cheliceral fingers (
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<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CK" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 65" title="Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification." volume="2773" year="2011">Taylor 2011</bibRefCitation>
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). In these features it strongly resembles
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis fabulosa" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabulosa">Forsteropsalis fabulosa</taxonomicName>
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, and would key out to either
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis fabulosa" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabulosa">Forsteropsalis fabulosa</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis tumida" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tumida">Forsteropsalis tumida</taxonomicName>
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in the key to
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Forsteropsalis</taxonomicName>
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species provided by
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<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CK" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 65" title="Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification." volume="2773" year="2011">Taylor (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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. These two species are synonymised below.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis bona" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bona">Forsteropsalis bona</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis fabulosa" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabulosa">Forsteropsalis fabulosa</taxonomicName>
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by the form of the pedipalpal patella:
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis fabulosa" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabulosa">Forsteropsalis fabulosa</taxonomicName>
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has a distinct finger-like prodistal apophysis on the patella (
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<bibRefCitation author="Phillipps, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="731 - 740" title="Some new Opiliones from New Zealand." volume="1932" year="1932">Phillipps and Grimmett 1932</bibRefCitation>
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: Fig. C p. 732), while the patellar apophysis is almost absent in
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis bona" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bona">Forsteropsalis bona</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 1C).
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis fabulosa" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabulosa">Forsteropsalis fabulosa</taxonomicName>
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also has denticles both dorsally and ventrally on the pedipalpal femur, while
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis bona" order="Opiliones" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bona">Forsteropsalis bona</taxonomicName>
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has denticles dorsally only.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="41" start="start">An</pageBreakToken>
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interesting feature of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis bona" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bona">Forsteropsalis bona</taxonomicName>
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is the presence of a strong ventrodistal tooth on the end of each of the proximal pseudosegments of the distitarsus. This tooth sits between the two spinose setae generally present on each tarsal pseudosegment in all
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Enantiobuninae">Enantiobuninae</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 1D). Such a feature has not previously been recorded for this subfamily, though it is also present in
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis fabulosa" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabulosa">Forsteropsalis fabulosa</taxonomicName>
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(specimens from MONZ, details given in
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<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CK" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 65" title="Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification." volume="2773" year="2011">Taylor 2011</bibRefCitation>
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). This may represent a distinct synapomorphy of these two species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
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The glans of both
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis fabulosa" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fabulosa">Forsteropsalis fabulosa</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CK" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 65" title="Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification." volume="2773" year="2011">Taylor 2011</bibRefCitation>
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) and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis bona" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bona">Forsteropsalis bona</taxonomicName>
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is relatively short compared to other
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Forsteropsalis</taxonomicName>
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species, and converges in shape on that of the Australian genus
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Megalopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megalopsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megalopsalis</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CK" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 65" title="Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification." volume="2773" year="2011">Taylor 2011</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CK" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="59 - 117" title="Further revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Opiliones, Neopilionidae), with the description of seven new species." url="10.3897/zookeys.328.5439" volume="328" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
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). Nevertheless, the remaining features of these two species support a direct relationship with other New Zealand species of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Pantopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pantopsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pantopsalis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Forsteropsalis</taxonomicName>
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, and with
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Forsteropsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Forsteropsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Forsteropsalis</taxonomicName>
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in particular. These features include dorsal papillae on the glans (
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<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CK" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 65" title="Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification." volume="2773" year="2011">Taylor 2011</bibRefCitation>
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), setae on the mobile finger of the chelicera (absent in
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Megalopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megalopsalis" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megalopsalis</taxonomicName>
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except
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Neopilionidae" genus="Megalopsalis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megalopsalis caeruleomontium" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caeruleomontium">Megalopsalis caeruleomontium</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CK" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 65" title="Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification." volume="2773" year="2011">Taylor 2011</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CK" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="59 - 117" title="Further revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Opiliones, Neopilionidae), with the description of seven new species." url="10.3897/zookeys.328.5439" volume="328" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
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), and an array of denticles on the medial side of the pedipalpal coxa (Fig. 3A;
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<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CK" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 65" title="Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification." volume="2773" year="2011">Taylor 2011</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |