243 lines
26 KiB
XML
243 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="D29D9AF83C68DBD4572A60755CF6C07A" ID-CLB-Dataset="3251" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5735202" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a1d7ccc4-c76c-4ac3-bdd4-c53c2f378b35" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5735202" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1600872994229" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="E84887F9FFD2D65D0FC3F5CC11CC3142" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Miniopteridae_674.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Miniopterus tristis" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="696" masterDocId="1471FF81FFD6D6580A4AFFEC112F3619" masterDocTitle="Miniopteridae" masterLastPageNumber="709" masterPageNumber="674" pageNumber="695" updateTime="1698845897616" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="C90F89865570CF78A57E431DC85F5EA9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="01BCE89B37F02D4C2EE9D3A38162ACA1">
|
||
<mods:title id="B52751D2334A510A1C360463E98E5BAE">Miniopteridae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="DDD5CA33C24F441DA15CE19875597C9E" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="16A0139124F2AA293C967EDF809E4776">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="D4836E0EB9B2C0BA28E999AD5B90603B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="0E9145E2AFA763023976EACB9CC284B9">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="363707902B428A9BD657834F19D65B83" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="D9019B21611816BA7ED6FB9FA5F13094">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="6475D50D7B5FBB50083FAD6CDA0EC84D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="4BD481F457E3D9FCCBAAABCAB8C715B8">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="3EBA90474DA7AED3186AAEBAF4368D49">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="36F7417E326EAB548C11B1D5F9F80194" type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo id="E3223A8FC9DF1222642897F3AE867393">
|
||
<mods:dateIssued id="5AB5C1ADA112E647790CBFEBEE59048F">2019</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther id="17B8758D1AA0091E549A18E580A243C4" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher id="E94850B81897F233C296EEBC247B663C">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place id="F182D9A942E4C4A74BED5974C6DF9393">
|
||
<mods:placeTerm id="C89CF6B8620EA5EF4947F4CFBCD95696">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="8E3BFB18A76322019C8E4771129F6CEB">
|
||
<mods:title id="0943286704ED1936AC560B2F9DA1A53E">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="F5C20E90E8C12C82EF4D5A6584BB3792">
|
||
<mods:extent id="47A1EA07C894DCCD311FA0855F0607C2" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="78445E9DEB979A78BD790E31DF088E4C">674</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="EC4AB36ACA15D273C9123B8D3D30B7E4">709</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="1E0C029B2B489E5EC3EA959F39EBE884">book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="8093A61AE35B1D97BB1C2DF49CB872E1" type="CLB-Dataset">3251</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="FE178856B4ADA54C940385CE8B04417C" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5735202</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="8C5AE6AF609FE5CAB582F89BEEC022C6" type="GBIF-Dataset">a1d7ccc4-c76c-4ac3-bdd4-c53c2f378b35</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="90518148659DDBB7A7AD7B8469ED25FD" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B2012A3D4131E3FA4D32823A0198BAC1" type="Zenodo-Dep">5735202</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="E84887F9FFD2D65D0FC3F5CC11CC3142" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5735242" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190874065" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5735242" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E84887F9FFD2D65D0FC3F5CC11CC3142" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E84887F9FFD2D65D0FC3F5CC11CC3142" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="696" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD2D65C0FC3F5CC14863C57" box="[1417,1449,2592,2638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD2D65C0FC3F5CC14863C57" blockId="4.[1415,2375,2592,2722]" box="[1417,1449,2592,2638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">
|
||
<heading id="3B168183FFD2D65C0FC3F5CC14863C57" box="[1417,1449,2592,2638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">
|
||
<figureCitation id="F8DA2A6AFFD2D65C0FC3F5CC14863C57" box="[1417,1449,2592,2638]" captionStart="Plate 52: Miniopteridae" captionStartId="2.[117,147,3330,3355]" captionTargetBox="[11,2764,18,3659]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Asian Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus fuliginosus), 2. Large Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus magnater), 3. Small Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus pusillus), 4. Intermediate Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus meduius), 5. Ryukyu Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus fuscus), 6. Eschscholtz’s Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus eschscholtzii), 7. Philippine Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus paululus), 8. Great Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus tristis), 9. Shortridge’s Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus shortridgei), 10. Javanese Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus blepotis), 11. Little Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus australis), 12. Small Melanesian Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus macrocneme), 13. Loyalty Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus robustior), 14. Australian Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus orianae), 15. Pallid Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus pallidus), 16. Schreibers’s Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus schreibersu), 17. Neghrohion Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus maghrebensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419162/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">8.</figureCitation>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD2D65C0FF1F5CC16943C57" box="[1467,1979,2592,2638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD2D65C0FF1F5CC16943C57" blockId="4.[1415,2375,2592,2722]" box="[1467,1979,2592,2638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">
|
||
<heading id="3B168183FFD2D65C0FF1F5CC16943C57" box="[1467,1979,2592,2638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">
|
||
<vernacularName id="EEE246C1FFD2D65C0FF1F5CC16943C57" box="[1467,1979,2592,2638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">Great Long-fingered Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD2D65C024BF5CC18693C57" box="[2049,2374,2592,2638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD2D65C024BF5CC18693C57" blockId="4.[1415,2375,2592,2722]" box="[2049,2374,2592,2638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">
|
||
<heading id="3B168183FFD2D65C024BF5CC18693C57" box="[2049,2374,2592,2638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFD2D65C024BF5CC18693C57" ID-CoL="43JT7" baseAuthorityName="Waterhouse" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[2049,2374,2592,2638]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="695" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tristis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFD2D65C024BF5CC18693C57" box="[2049,2374,2592,2638]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">Miniopterus tristis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD2D65C0FC2F58C19593C84" pageId="4" pageNumber="695" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD2D65C0FC2F58C18113C6C" blockId="4.[1415,2375,2592,2722]" box="[1416,2366,2656,2677]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">
|
||
<heading id="3B168183FFD2D65C0FC2F58C18113C6C" box="[1416,2366,2656,2677]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFD2D65C0FC2F58C14FB3C6C" bold="true" box="[1416,1492,2656,2677]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">French:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="EEE246C1FFD2D65C0F97F58C17AC3C6C" box="[1501,1667,2656,2677]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">Minioptere triste</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFD2D65C0CD2F58C17DC3C6C" bold="true" box="[1688,1779,2656,2677]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">German:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="EEE246C1FFD2D65C0CB6F58C19353C6C" box="[1788,2074,2656,2677]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">GroRe Langfligelfledermaus</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFD2D65C0265F58C19A53C6C" bold="true" box="[2095,2186,2656,2677]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="EEE246C1FFD2D65C02DFF58C182E3C6C" box="[2197,2305,2656,2677]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">Minidptero</vernacularName>
|
||
tristis
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD2D65C0FC2F56419593C84" blockId="4.[1415,2375,2592,2722]" box="[1416,2166,2696,2717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">
|
||
<heading id="3B168183FFD2D65C0FC2F56419593C84" box="[1416,2166,2696,2717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFD2D65C0FC2F56417503C84" bold="true" box="[1416,1663,2696,2717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="EEE246C1FFD2D65C0CC3F56416403C84" box="[1673,1903,2696,2717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">Great Bent-winged Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
,
|
||
<vernacularName id="EEE246C1FFD2D65C0D36F56419593C84" box="[1916,2166,2696,2717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">Greater Bent-winged Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD2D65C0DA6F53C19193D0D" pageId="4" pageNumber="695" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD2D65C0DA6F53C19193D0D" blockId="4.[2028,2622,2768,3191]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFD2D65C0DA6F53C19A73CF4" bold="true" box="[2028,2184,2768,2797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFD2D65C02EFF53C191E3D0D" authority="Waterhouse, 1845" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="695" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tristis">Vespertilio tristis Waterhouse, 1845</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD2D65C0208F51718703D0D" box="[2114,2399,2811,2836]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD2D65C0208F51718703D0D" blockId="4.[2028,2622,2768,3191]" box="[2114,2399,2811,2836]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="D0893CB2FFD2D65C0208F51718703D0D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3747914303" box="[2114,2399,2811,2836]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">
|
||
“
|
||
<collectingCountry id="18F6767FFFD2D65C0207F51718603D0D" box="[2125,2383,2811,2836]" name="Philippines" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">Philippine Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
.”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD2D65C0DA6F4F71B0A3B0D" pageId="4" pageNumber="695" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD2D65C0DA6F4F71B0A3B0D" blockId="4.[2028,2622,2768,3191]" lastBlockId="4.[1414,2621,3197,3466]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">
|
||
The name #ristis was used for a long time for all large species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFD2D65C0302F4AE18CC3D7A" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1837" box="[2376,2531,2882,2915]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="695" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Miniopterus</taxonomicName>
|
||
living from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="18F6767FFFD2D65C023AF48518213D93" box="[2160,2318,2921,2954]" name="Philippines" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
to Melanesia. Several studies, including very complete multivariable morphometric analyses, showed that it was actually a new species complex, with 1-2 species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFD2D65C02EAF3EB19C83A31" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1845" box="[2208,2279,3079,3112]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="695" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tristis">tristis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and propatristis) and five subspecies. There is some genetic information that supports existence of at least two species. Based on current data, it is impossible to assign the different subspecies to one or the other species and therefore, a single species with five subspecies is maintained, awaiting detailed genetic study to clarify taxonomy. There are some misclassified records that are actually
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFD2D65C0D6BF31F16E63B0D" authorityName="Sanborn" authorityYear="1931" box="[1825,1993,3315,3348]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="696" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnater">M. magnater</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFD2D65C0244F31F19B73B0D" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1837" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[2062,2200,3315,3348]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="698" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blepotis">M. blepotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Five subspecies recognized.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD2D65D0FCCF2F5121E37D7" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="696" pageId="4" pageNumber="695" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption id="349E6667FFD2D65D0FCCF2F5121E37D7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419155" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6419155" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419155/files/figure.png" inLine="true" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="696" pageId="4" pageNumber="695" startId="4.[1414,1568,3353,3386]" targetBox="[1412,2004,2775,3189]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD2D65C0FCCF2F516383B23" blockId="4.[1414,2621,3197,3466]" box="[1414,1815,3353,3386]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFD2D65C0FCCF2F516383B23" bold="true" box="[1414,1815,3353,3386]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD2D65C0FC2F2AD181C3B7B" blockId="4.[1414,2621,3197,3466]" box="[1416,2355,3393,3426]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">
|
||
M. t.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFD2D65C0F9BF2AD163A3B7B" authority="Waterhouse, 1845" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1845" box="[1489,1813,3393,3426]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="695" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tristis">tristis Waterhouse, 1845</taxonomicName>
|
||
— the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="18F6767FFFD2D65C0D25F2AD19223B7B" box="[1903,2061,3393,3426]" name="Philippines" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
including
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A225F80DFFD2D65C02EDF2AD18373B7B" box="[2215,2328,3393,3426]" country="Philippines" name="Palawan" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">Palawan</collectingRegion>
|
||
I.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD2D65C0FCDF2851B283B93" blockId="4.[1414,2621,3197,3466]" box="[1415,2567,3433,3466]" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">
|
||
M. 1.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFD2D65C0F9AF28516393B93" authority="Peterson, 1981" authorityName="Peterson" authorityYear="1981" box="[1488,1814,3433,3466]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="695" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tristis" subSpecies="celebensis">celebensis Peterson, 1981</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A225F80DFFD2D65C0D76F285169F3B93" box="[1852,1968,3433,3466]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="4" pageNumber="695">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
and nearby Sanana, Togian, and ButonIs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD3D65D0AD6FEF414343741" blockId="5.[152,1362,280,1886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="696">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFD3D65D0AD6FEF413323728" authority="Peterson, 1981" authorityName="Peterson" authorityYear="1981" box="[156,541,280,305]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="696" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tristis" subSpecies="grandis">M. t. grandis Peterson, 1981</taxonomicName>
|
||
— W New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="18F6767FFFD3D65D08FEFEF412353728" box="[692,794,280,305]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="5" pageNumber="696">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
E to Chimbu Province in C Papua New Guina, including Waigeo, Supiori, Biak, and Yapen Is, and Louisiade Archipelago.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD3D65D0AD6FE8E139D37BE" blockId="5.[152,1362,280,1886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="696">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFD3D65D0AD6FE8E131E3766" authority="Peterson, 1981" authorityName="Peterson" authorityYear="1981" box="[156,561,354,383]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="696" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tristis" subSpecies="insularis">M. t. insularis Peterson, 1981</taxonomicName>
|
||
— Admiralty Is,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="18F6767FFFD3D65D0950FE8E157B3766" box="[794,1108,354,383]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="5" pageNumber="696">Bismarck Archipelago</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Solomon Is, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="18F6767FFFD3D65D0AD0FE66103F37BE" box="[154,272,394,423]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="5" pageNumber="696">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Espirito Santo and Efate Is).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD3D65D0AD6FE59121E37D7" blockId="5.[152,1362,280,1886]" box="[156,817,437,462]" pageId="5" pageNumber="696">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFD3D65D0AD6FE59131237D7" authority="Peterson, 1981" authorityName="Peterson" authorityYear="1981" box="[156,573,437,462]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="696" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tristis" subSpecies="propitristis">M. t. propitristis Peterson, 1981</taxonomicName>
|
||
— E New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="18F6767FFFD3D65D088CFE59120137D7" box="[710,814,437,462]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="5" pageNumber="696">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD3D65D0AD1FE31143435BE" pageId="5" pageNumber="696" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD3D65D0AD1FE31143435BE" blockId="5.[152,1362,280,1886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="696">
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFD3D65D0AD1FE3110B837EF" bold="true" box="[155,407,477,502]" pageId="5" pageNumber="696">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body ¢.65-73 mm, tail 50-61 mm, ear 15-17 mm, hindfoot 10-12 mm, forearm 51-55 mm; weight 16-22 g for nominate fristis. Forearm lengths of other subspecies: 56-4-57-5 mm (celebensis), 51-2-55-3 mm (grandis), 44-7-51 mm (insularis), and 47-3-52 mm (propitristis). The Great Long-fingered Batis the largest species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFD3D65D0B7BFD9E10E2348A" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1837" box="[305,461,626,659]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="696" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Miniopterus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The Philippine population has very dark brown fur. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="18F6767FFFD3D65D0EB3FD9E106734A2" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="5" pageNumber="696">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, dorsal fur is 6-8 mm long and bicolored. Basal part of dorsal hair is blackbrown, with gray-brown, red-brown, or pale gray tips, giving a frosted appearance. Ventral fur is frosted pale gray-brown over black-brown base. Wing membranes are very dark, almost black. Ears are small, and tragus is somewhat curved and rounded at tip. Its large size differentiates it from the other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFD3D65D09B0FCDB15BA3541" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1837" box="[1018,1173,823,856]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="696" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Miniopterus</taxonomicName>
|
||
except from New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="18F6767FFFD3D65D0AA8FCB310673599" box="[226,328,863,896]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="5" pageNumber="696">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Melanesia where there is overlap with larger individuals of the Large Long-fingered Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFD3D65D0BF9FC6A137535BE" authorityName="Sanborn" authorityYear="1931" box="[435,602,902,935]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="696" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnater">M. magnater</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the Javanese Long-fingered Bat (M. blepotus).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD3D65D0AD1FC42156A325C" pageId="5" pageNumber="696" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD3D65D0AD1FC42156A325C" blockId="5.[152,1362,280,1886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="696">
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFD3D65D0AD1FC42102535D6" bold="true" box="[155,266,942,975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="696">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Agricultural areas to old-growth forests through different degrees of disturbed forests from sea level up to ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="A7199B0AFFD3D65D0861FC3913BA35EF" box="[555,661,981,1014]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="696" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="18F6767FFFD3D65D0889FC39124E35EF" box="[707,865,981,1014]" name="Philippines" pageId="5" pageNumber="696">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="A7199B0AFFD3D65D09E0FC39152235EF" box="[938,1037,981,1014]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="696" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="18F6767FFFD3D65D0E76FC39146535EF" box="[1084,1354,981,1014]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="5" pageNumber="696">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Roosts of Great Long-fingered Bats are located at different elevations and vegetation belts that include lowland forests, hill forests, and montane forests.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD3D65D0AD0FBA012FB328D" pageId="5" pageNumber="696" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD3D65D0AD0FBA012FB328D" blockId="5.[152,1362,280,1886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="696">
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFD3D65D0AD0FBA0108B3274" bold="true" box="[154,420,1100,1133]" pageId="5" pageNumber="696">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Wing morphology suggests that the Great Long-fingered Bat forages for aerial insects above forest canopies or in clearings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD3D65D0AD1FB7710F332FA" pageId="5" pageNumber="696" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD3D65D0AD1FB7710F332FA" blockId="5.[152,1362,280,1886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="696">
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFD3D65D0AD1FB77100E32A5" bold="true" box="[155,289,1179,1212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="696">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="18F6767FFFD3D65D0B28FB77135232A5" box="[354,637,1179,1212]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="5" pageNumber="696">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, a lactating female Great Long-fingered Bat was caught in late October.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD3D65D0AD3FB0513903343" pageId="5" pageNumber="696" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD3D65D0AD3FB0513903343" blockId="5.[152,1362,280,1886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="696">
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFD3D65D0AD3FB0510AA3313" bold="true" box="[153,389,1257,1290]" pageId="5" pageNumber="696">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Great Long-fingered Bat is thought to be mainly nocturnal and roosts in caves during the day. Echolocation calls have downward FM signals, and mean minimum frequency is 34-6 kHz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD3D65D0AD0FA8C1298308F" pageId="5" pageNumber="696" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD3D65D0AD0FA8C1298308F" blockId="5.[152,1362,280,1886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="696">
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFD3D65D0AD0FA8C125D3398" bold="true" box="[154,882,1376,1409]" pageId="5" pageNumber="696">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Great Long-fingered Bat is usually uncommon, but it can be found in large numbers. It forms mixed interspecific clusters with the Javanese Long-fingered Bat, the Large Long-fingered Bat, the Intermediate Long-fingered Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFD3D65D0833FA3A122633EE" authorityName="Thomas & Wroughton" authorityYear="1909" box="[633,777,1494,1527]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="696" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="medius">M. medius</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the Maluku
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFD3D65D0E5BFA3A154433EE" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[1041,1131,1494,1527]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="696" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7E14D6CFFD3D65D0EC8FA3A15F633EE" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[1154,1241,1494,1527]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="696" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
moluccarum) in caves in New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="18F6767FFFD3D65D0B8DFA1213003006" box="[455,559,1534,1567]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="5" pageNumber="696">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
. By roosting in clusters on domed ceilings, bats pool and trap body heat and reduce exposed surface area and heat loss. Such behavior creates microclimates close to expected thermoneutral zone of 30-34°C and lowers energy expenditure compared with solitary roosting individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD3D65D0AD1F970159930A4" box="[155,1206,1692,1725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="696" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD3D65D0AD1F970159930A4" blockId="5.[152,1362,280,1886]" box="[155,1206,1692,1725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="696">
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFD3D65D0AD1F97010D730A4" bold="true" box="[155,504,1692,1725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="696">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Lust.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28FB6564FFD3D65D0AD1F92011CC3142" pageId="5" pageNumber="696" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="605E36EFFFD3D65D0AD1F92011CC3142" blockId="5.[152,1362,280,1886]" pageId="5" pageNumber="696">
|
||
<emphasis id="5295EAFDFFD3D65D0AD1F920101B30FC" bold="true" box="[155,308,1740,1765]" pageId="5" pageNumber="696">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bonaccorso (1998), Esselstyn, Widmann & Heaney (2004), Furman, Oztunc & Coraman (2010), Heaney, Balete et al. (1998), Heaney, Dolar et al. (2010), Hill (1983), Maeda (1982), Peterson (1981), Rickart et al. (1993), Rosell-Ambal, Tabaranza, McKinnon et al. (2008), Sedlock (2001), Sramek etal. (2013), Waterhouse (1845).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |