217 lines
19 KiB
XML
217 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.2.22759" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3fbda16f-b111-49f8-8437-18217101d5aa" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0889--15" ID-ZBK="A5359113D999405192B2B048FEA8FC1F" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="2535-0889--15" ModsDocOrigin="Alpine Entomology " ModsDocTitle="On the genus Chaetocladius s. str. Kieffer, 1911 from Switzerland with descriptions of five new relic species occurring in glacial alpine springs and streams (Diptera, Chironomidae)" checkinTime="1555306894829" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Moubayed-Breil, Joel & Lods-Crozet, Brigitte" docDate="2018" docId="D941F8E227CCD91B8CDF9195B9771AC8" docLanguage="en" docName="AlpEntomol 2: 15-34" docOrigin="Alpine Entomology 2" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.2.22759" docTitle="Chaetocladius macunensis Moubayed-Breil, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="F91D42133E2EFFC4D57DFFBBFFC2FFCC" masterDocTitle="On the genus Chaetocladius s. str. Kieffer, 1911 from Switzerland with descriptions of five new relic species occurring in glacial alpine springs and streams (Diptera, Chironomidae)" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="15" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1643551736802" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>On the genus Chaetocladius s. str. Kieffer, 1911 from Switzerland with descriptions of five new relic species occurring in glacial alpine springs and streams (Diptera, Chironomidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Moubayed-Breil, Joel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lods-Crozet, Brigitte</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Alpine Entomology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>15</mods:start>
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<mods:end>34</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.2.22759</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.2.22759</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2535-0889--15</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">A5359113D999405192B2B048FEA8FC1F</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A5359113D999405192B2B048FEA8FC1F</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156199537" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D941F8E227CCD91B8CDF9195B9771AC8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D941F8E227CCD91B8CDF9195B9771AC8" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName LSID="75DA3760-22C8-4357-8DF7-ABD7E9F98E42" authority="Moubayed-Breil" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chaetocladius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chaetocladius macunensis" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macunensis">Chaetocladius macunensis Moubayed-Breil</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="6" pageNumber="21">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
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Holotype. Switzerland: Macun cirque, streamlet and rheocrenes, left shore of Immez Lake, alt. 2616 m, 27.VII.2013; 46°43'39.678",
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="10.132156">10°07'55.764"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1 male adult, leg. B. Lods-Crozet. Environmental data from inlet of Immez Lake: crystalline water, conductivity 5.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µS">µS</normalizedToken>
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/cm; temperature 11.6 °C, pH 6.7 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Robinson, CT" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management" pageId="14" pageNumber="29" pagination="23 - 34" title="Long-term biomonitoring of Alpine waters in the Swiss National Park." url="https://doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont1s23" volume="1" year="2009">Robinson and Oertli 2009</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Paratypes. 3 male adults, same locality and data as for holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
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Holotype (mounted on 1 slide; GBIFCH 00460690) is deposited in the collections of the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Musée">'Musee</normalizedToken>
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cantonal de Zoologie, Palais de Rumine, 6 place de la Riponne, CH-1014 Lausanne, Switzerland. Paratypes are deposited in the collection of the senior author.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
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Based on the unusual and unique shape of the inferior volsella,
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. macunensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="macunensis">C. macunensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. can be easily separated from other members of the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chaetocladius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chaetocladius" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chaetocladius</taxonomicName>
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genus by the following characters: clypeus semi-circular bearing 7 setae placed in 1 row along an arc line; antenna and ultimate flagellomere relatively short (respectively 600-660 and 130-200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long), apex distinctly clubbed and bearing 1 pre-apical seta, AR markedly low (0.25-0.35); tergite IX sub-triangular and lacking dorsal setae; anal point triangular, uniformly narrowed, apex rounded, base with 6 setae inserted dorsolaterally (3 on each side); virga horseshoe-shaped, median tooth sinuous and S-like in shape; gonocoxite markedly swollen medially and distally, inner dorsal margin without stout setae, inner ventral margin swollen medially; inferior volsella consists of 1 single large and typical lobe, which bears numerous strong stout setae on its inner margin; gonostylus elongated and nearly linear, anterior side covered with setae, posterior margin nearly straight.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
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Male imago (n = 2 male adults; Figs 45-57).
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. macunensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="macunensis">C. macunensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is one of the smallest species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chaetocladius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chaetocladius" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chaetocladius</taxonomicName>
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. Total length 3.55-3.65 mm. Wing length 1.35 mm. General colouration contrasting brown to dark brown. Head yellowish to brown; antennae and pedicel dark brown; thorax contrasting brown to dark brown, mesonotal stripes distinctly dark brown; wing transparent; legs brownish with tarsomeres ta5 dark brown. Abdomen including anal segment entirely brownish.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
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Figures 45-57. Male adult of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chaetocladius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chaetocladius macunensis" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macunensis">Chaetocladius macunensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.: 45, palpomeres 2-3; 46, last flagellomere and the two preceding segments; 47, clypeus; 48, head, thorax and first abdominal segment; 49, antepronotum, left side; 50, tarsomeres 2-4 of PIII; 51, anal point and tergite IX in lateral view; 52-53, hypopygium, dorsal (52) and ventral with anal point and tergite IX removed (53); 54, virga; 55, left gonostylus, dorsal; 56, right gonostylus, lateral; 57, anal point, gonocoxite and gonostylus in lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
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Head, thorax and tergite I as in Fig. 45. Eyes mostly bare, extreme posterior part with few hairs; inner mar
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="22" start="start">gin</pageBreakToken>
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bare. Temporals consist of 4 uniserial setae comprising only inner verticals, outer verticals absent. Antenna 730-800
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, 13-segmented; ultimate flagellomere (Fig. 46) 130-200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, relatively short; apex of last flagellomere distinctly clubbed, bearing 1 pre-apical seta and curved sensilla chaetica; segments 11 and 12 each about 20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long; antennal groove beginning on segments 3 and reaching ultimate flagellomere; antennal ratio markedly low, AR 0.25-0.35. Clypeus (Fig. 48) 125
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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maximum width and 75
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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high, nearly rectangular with rounded sides, bearing 7 setae placed anteriorly in 1 row along an arc line. Palp 5-segmented; first and second palpomeres nearly fused; length (µm) of segments: 15, 55, 105, 115, 160; palpomere 4 distinctly broadened (37
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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maximum width); palpomere 3 (Fig. 47) with 4-5 sensilla clavata. Thorax. Antepronotum (Fig. 49) well developed with gaping lobes, lateral antepronotals 4-5; acrostichals 12-13, short and starting close to the antepronotum; dorsocentrals, 15-16 in 1 row; prealars 4-5; humeral pit ovoid, indistinct. Scutellum with 7 uniserial setae placed along an inversed arc-like (1 medially and 3 on each side of it). Wing. Brachiolum with 1 seta. Membrane densely covered with coarse punctuation. Distribution of setae on veins: R 11; R1 3; R2+3 6-7 placed distally; R4+5 0. Squama composed of 38-41 alternate long and short setae placed in 1 row. Legs. Tibial spurs of PII and PIII are
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chaetocladius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chaetocladius" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chaetocladius</taxonomicName>
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-type, with prominent apicolateral denticles. Sensilla chaetica (Fig. 50) present on tarsomeres ta1-ta4 of PI, PII and PIII. Length (µm) and proportions of legs as in Table 4.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Table-UUID="2152C29ADCF7206616E8BF69D17CAB4D" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2152C29ADCF7206616E8BF69D17CAB4D" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
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Table 4.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chaetocladius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chaetocladius macunensis" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macunensis">Chaetocladius macunensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. Length (µm) and proportions of legs PI, PII and PIII.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
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<table pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
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<tr pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">fe</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">ti</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">
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ta
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<sub pageId="7" pageNumber="22">1</sub>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">
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ta
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<sub pageId="7" pageNumber="22">2</sub>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">
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ta
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<sub pageId="7" pageNumber="22">3</sub>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">
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ta
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<sub pageId="7" pageNumber="22">4</sub>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">
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ta
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<sub pageId="7" pageNumber="22">5</sub>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">LR</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">BV</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">SV</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rowspan="1">BR</th>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
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Hypopygium in dorsal, ventral and lateral view as in Figs 52-57; ventral view (Fig. 53) with tergite IX and anal point removed. Tergite IX broadly triangular and narrowed posteriorly till base of anal point, lacking dorsal setae. Anal point (Figs 51-52, 57) about 60-65
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, 15-20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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maximum width at base, reaching half of inferior volsella length; triangular, uniformly narrowed towards apex which is slightly pointed; base markedly truncate bearing an obtuse prominence which is only visible in lateral view (Fig. 51, 57), presence of 6 setae inserted dorsolaterally (3 on each side). Laterosternite IX with 5 setae on each side, posterior margin with 1 lobe placed near the base of anal point. Transverse sternapodeme rounded with distinct oral projections placed laterally, lateral sternapodeme distinctly short; inner margin of phallapodeme with a median triangular projection, outer margin weakly swollen at joint with lateral sternapodeme. Virga (Fig. 52, 54) distinctly horseshoe-shaped, 15-17µm maximum width; base sub-circular, 15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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maximum width; median tooth about 20-22
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, sinuous and S-like in shape. Gonocoxite 210-215
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, maximum width 80-85
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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; in dorsal view (Fig. 52) markedly swollen medially and distally, inner dorsal margin lacking strong stout setae; in ventral view (Fig. 53), the inner margin is swollen medially and bearing 7 stout setae; inferior volsella (Fig. 52, 57) 60-65
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, 15-18
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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maximum width, consists of 1 single large lobe, swollen medially and slightly narrowed distally (distinctly visible in dorsal and lateral view, Figs 52, 57), with numerous setae placed on its inner margin. Gonostylus (Figs 55-57) 105-110
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, maximum width 25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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; uniformly elongated, anterior side covered with small setae; posterior margin nearly straight, ending with distinct tooth; crista dorsalis low to nearly absent; megaseta 21-23
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, conspicuous and slightly bent inwards.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="22" type="taxonomic position">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Taxonomic position.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. macunensis" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="macunensis">C. macunensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. can be easily separated from its nearest species (
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. tenuistylus" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="tenuistylus">C. tenuistylus</taxonomicName>
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, sensu
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<bibRefCitation author="Makarchenko, EA" journalOrPublisher="Euroasian Entomological Journal" pageId="13" pageNumber="28" pagination="311 - 317" title="Chaetocladius Kieffer (Diptera, Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae) in the Russian Far East." volume="3" year="2004">Makarchenko and Makarchenko 2004</bibRefCitation>
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, Fig. 10) by the following main distinguishing characters: ultimate flagellomere relatively short (130-200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long), apex clubbed and bearing 1 pre-apical seta (Fig. 5), antennal ratio markedly low (0.25-0.35); tergite IX sub-triangular and lacking dorsal setae; anal point triangular with a truncate prominence (obtuse angle) placed near the base which is only visible in lateral view (Figs 51, 57); virga typically horseshoe-shaped, base circular with its 2 apices distinctly curved inwards, median tooth S-like in shape; anal point triangular and tapering distally; inferior volsella consists of a large lobe which is typically swollen medially and slightly narrowed distally; gonostylus elongated and nearly linear, anterior side covered with setae, posterior margin nearly straight.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="22" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
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The new species is named
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Oligochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Oligochaeta macunensis" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macunensis">macunensis</taxonomicName>
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after the Swiss Alpine cirque of Macun, which was annexed to the Swiss National Park in 2000 (canton of Graubunden).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="22" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. macunensis" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="macunensis">C. macunensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is apparently confined to cold glacial streams and the inflow section of lakes delimited by the Macun cirque where water is typically crystalline. Emergence is recorded from July to early September.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="22" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Geographical distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
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A typical biogeographic representative of Alpine high mountain springs and glacial streams located in the eastern Swiss Alps area. Currently,
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. macunensis" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="macunensis">C. macunensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is only known from the Macun cirque.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |