269 lines
31 KiB
XML
269 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="62488" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" ID-GBIF-Dataset="30f0f54f-e5af-493f-b792-c1c661ef03bf" ID-PMC="PMC9849010" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-198-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" ID-PubMed="36760991" ModsDocID="1314-2003-198-1" checkinTime="1654168732655" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Aubriot, Xavier & Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2022" docId="D105C5C437E552AE78B4706B11C43021" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 198: 1-270" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 198" docPubDate="2022-06-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" docTitle="Solanum retrorsum Elmer, Leaflets Philipp. Bot. 1: 342. 1908." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" masterDocTitle="A revision of the " spiny solanums " of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="270" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732649590965" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods id="F8375D9A4EFA22E1CBE3965B9DE0D5F1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="C84E01488253BCA1A929130017D0A5D0">
|
|
<mods:title id="DA02E98BDBE2C529C30D0381193DB208">A revision of the " spiny solanums " of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="DCE6DC1282988F18B38C2AE9AA08BA2F" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="3882E30D9C0FE641C158805C51EE059C">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="17D3BB95D3F9E6636D2DDA24DE0EF1A8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="7F5BC48E35449BE30F5A2558E165E6D9">Aubriot, Xavier</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="FF6196435E52DEFB38E06367043E6BA7">Universite Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France & The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="516B7F2238BDA827DCB1BF1609A77DB5" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="55257E56248472D27EFEEACE6D6CD49E">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="6E2CF92AF5972181C995A23FA03233C3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="398454623A1D3D02EDC099B332A27AA8">Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier id="EEA4CF0AFEF256612D345D9EB3D1B5E1" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="85567861AF30C9A1BCE6A545A24A0C8C">The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E6F1DED6BAC51D7EF5EB637E926408D7" type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="0693224C6766C2BB71B770EC97D56427">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="B964680F8E6603BB404E034613A031C7" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="8D194B35113D8B6BE054456942D4FD3A">
|
|
<mods:title id="A82DC85A7DC608B802014C644DBE3398">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="F48A4FE3B2821A1E676055BA227DF99B">
|
|
<mods:date id="72A41E435263DB03656FB37119206230">2022</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="9836B5F27EF822F4A2FA0AC83AB1D3C6" type="pubDate">
|
|
<mods:number id="0B1F5AFF9EEBC4EDB34A929D07EC4C9F">2022-06-01</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="DE1DBC7DEE38E34B1409CED7C76C20DE" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="B25A8C333493BB08E6E6DE65B69ABF2A">198</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="C607A14445C61F6978E4D1B1F3AC0302" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="057F66C2DF263D3F4A63A7809A729E37">1</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="A9ACC35B0C4F234ED4447EA758CD2D13">270</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location id="CBB05B997CC4FB9DB7B4431EB3059B27">
|
|
<mods:url id="9AF30C5B1B2FD7A65F939D444B5A98D7">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification id="9037BF85C6576FB35B6D3261C3930406">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="0D42491743133BE2E58655CB3A4E5083" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="563ECF0C5DB9DB9D166F221FF96B2F27" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-198-1</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="B6E75AD7B8E5D67542179282A5CCECA8" type="Pensoft-UUID">486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="D105C5C437E552AE78B4706B11C43021" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195723707" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D105C5C437E552AE78B4706B11C43021" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D105C5C437E552AE78B4706B11C43021" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Solanaceae">
|
|
<subSubSection id="DB5AAD293424C6D39E9B3FEADA554FAC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="CBF829F25070714B43383915DD705A16" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
37.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C990957657A04052778E431B4D472474" ID-CoL="4Y3Z4" authority="Elmer, Leaflets Philipp. Bot. 1: 342. 1908." authorityName="Elmer, Leaflets Philipp. Bot. 1: 342. 1908." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum retrorsum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="retrorsum">Solanum retrorsum Elmer, Leaflets Philipp. Bot. 1: 342. 1908.</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="AFFCD9AE9E36B93AE11B70B0660FE15C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="56982854A0986FDCAEC8A05E9309D723" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<figureCitation id="BA75196577F3284A3E6BE8B1595C6AB4" captionStart="Figure 63" captionStartId="F63" captionText="Figure 63. Solanum retrorsum Elmer - Herbarium specimen collected in the Philippines in 1914 (Merrill 9665, K 000195908) Photograph credit: © copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure63" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689756" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="FC8230456AAE111BE815CC6918B9EF72" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph id="6A173E2845CC1DDCB7A887F1CFED6E41" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F61F27B220856E684BA1F0652C232E48" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum luzoniense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="luzoniense">Solanum luzoniense</taxonomicName>
|
|
Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. Bot. 13: 58. 1918. Type. Philippines. Ilocos: Luzon, Central Luzon, Pangasinan Province, Mount Umingan, Aug 1910,
|
|
<emphasis id="9826A887D89409BB7A74D0249AF8D3DB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
M. Ramos & G.E.
|
|
<normalizedToken id="EC613DE5AF3000312329467A1CF48541" originalValue="Edaño">Edano</normalizedToken>
|
|
[Bur. Sci.] 26487
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
(lectotype, designated here: K [K000195878]; isolectotype: US [acc # 1376054, US00027662]).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="2EC42739687B4EA8D3F1F8A34A54E732" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="93C32B99F12C83C71AE3E9FA2795AD47" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum luzoniense subsp. var. var. glabrum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="luzoniense" subSpecies="var." variety="glabrum">Solanum luzoniense Merr. var. glabrum</taxonomicName>
|
|
Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. Bot. 13: 59. 1918. Type. Philippines. Ilocos: Luzon, Central Luzon, Pampanga Province, Calumpit, Sep 1905,
|
|
<emphasis id="8B69B38D9F4008264442C9F53350DF3B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E.D. Merrill 4237</emphasis>
|
|
(lectotype, designated here: K [K000195959]; isolectotype: US [acc # 710167, US00027663]).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="43F1FD057227DBB8AB836C4AA08522B4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph id="AE90C9D19556FBD30106A91108B2E5B2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<typeStatus id="5B18AF8C6D500A8079EE2124CF97A251">Type</typeStatus>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="F93CF057BEB80F34A3B8DD52F65F8F99" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<materialsCitation id="05D32B2EE7B442624EBF9C4B8779D52C" collectingDate="1907-03" collectorName="A. D. E. Elmer" country="Philippines" county="Baguio" location="Luzon" municipality="Benguet Province" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
|
<collectingCountry id="6DAD20E8B25A9509953EE5877E682402" name="Philippines">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
|
. CAR:
|
|
<location id="BE47981968387B944C08C52C3E95C815" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D105C5C437E552AE78B4706B11C43021:BE47981968387B944C08C52C3E95C815" country="Philippines" county="Baguio" municipality="Benguet Province" name="Luzon">Luzon</location>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingMunicipality id="7998FE9BAFF02FA4056266C27F4089E6">Benguet Province</collectingMunicipality>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCounty id="1285D6E11A20B8B50CAE6CC769F793D2">Baguio</collectingCounty>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingDate id="F2CA26B5B144A334237227D68B045AFB" value="1907-03">Mar 1907</collectingDate>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="C3DDDF835B9AFF4F6BC9FB003D2B1EBE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<collectorName id="3D2D55B1FB959840ADACDE3B98B49963">A.D.E. Elmer</collectorName>
|
|
8719
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<typeStatus id="8C914181EDDB6D823141C8446C703CA5">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
|
, designated here: K [K000195910]; isolectotypes: A [0077850], E [E00243613])
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="F2F2474ACF8594D5AFDB49756B0EAF79" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="DB237A797BEE89FF61B4E2B9FF9D4C52" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="773CB6D31FD7F5D35191B7A19EF49CA5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shrubs or scrambling shrubs to 1.5 m, armed or unarmed. Stems erect, terete, prickly or unarmed, moderately stellate-pubescent; prickles if present 3-5 mm long, straight (occasionally somewhat slightly curved) and downwardly pointing (retrorse), yellowish tan; pubescence of mixed sessile and short-stalked porrect-stellate trichomes, the stalks to 0.2 mm, the rays 6-8, ca. 0.5 mm long, the midpoints equal to the rays, the trichomes persistent or deciduous and the stems glabrate; new growth moderately to densely stellate-pubescent, the trichomes whitish cream, mixed sessile and short-stalked porrect-stellate like those of the stems; bark of older stems whitish grey. Sympodial units plurifoliate, the leaves not geminate. Leaves simple, not lobed or occasionally very shallowly lobed, the blades 3-15 cm long, 1-6 cm wide, 2-3 times longer than wide, narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, widest at the middle, chartaceous, somewhat discolorous, usually unarmed; adaxial surface glabrous to moderately and evenly stellate-pubescent with mixed sessile and short-stalked porrect-stellate trichomes, the stalks to 0.2 mm, the rays 6-8, ca. 0.5 mm long, the midpoints equal to the rays; abaxial surface similarly but more densely pubescent with porrect-stellate trichomes, the lamina still visible; major veins 5-7 pairs, barely visible above, stellate pubescent especially abaxially; base attenuate, usually somewhat oblique; margins entire or rarely very shallowly lobed, the lobes 1-2 on each side, ca. 0.5 cm long, broadly deltate with rounded or acute tips, the sinuses reaching less than 1/8 of the distance to the midrib; apex acute to acuminate; petioles 0.6-2.5 cm long, ca. 1/4 as long as the leaf blades or less, unarmed and densely stellate-pubescent with mixed sessile and short-stalked porrect-stellate trichomes like those of the stems, pubescence denser than that of stems. Inflorescences 1.5-4.5 cm long, internodal and lateral, unbranched or very occasionally forked, with 10-30 flowers, only a few flowers open at any one time, sparsely to densely pubescent with porrect-stellate trichomes like those of the stems; peduncle 0.3-0.8 cm long, to 1.5 cm long on each of the inflorescence branches; pedicels 0.6-0.75 cm long, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter at the apex, spreading and perhaps slightly nodding at anthesis, stellate-pubescent with porrect-stellate trichomes like the inflorescence, articulated at the base; pedicel scars irregularly spaced 2-4 mm apart. Buds elongate and tapering, approximately halfway exserted from the calyx before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, apparently all perfect. Calyx with the tube 1.5-2 mm long, conical, the lobes 2-2.5 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, deltate to narrowly deltate, densely stellate-pubescent like the pedicels. Corolla 1-1.4 cm in diameter, white, stellate, lobed nearly to the base, the lobes 4-7 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, narrowly triangular, spreading at anthesis (perhaps slightly reflexed?), glabrous adaxially, moderately stellate-pubescent abaxially where exposed in bud. Stamens equal; filament tube minute, glabrous; free portion of the filaments ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrous; anthers 3-4.5 mm long, 1-1.2 mm wide, strongly tapering, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores directed distally, not elongating to slits with drying. Ovary conical, glabrous; style 6-8 mm long, glabrous or with a few stalked stellate trichomes near the base; stigma capitate, the surfaces minutely papillose. Fruit a globose berry, 0.6-0.8 cm in diameter, bright red when ripe, the pericarp thin and shiny, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 0.8-1.8 cm long, 0.7-1.1 mm in diameter at the base, 1.5-2 mm in diameter at the apex, somewhat woody, erect or somewhat spreading; fruiting calyx not accrescent, the lobes often breaking off. Seeds 6-10 per berry, 3.5-5 mm long, 1.5-3.5 mm wide, flattened reniform with incrassate margins, yellowish tan, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells with sinuate margins. Chromosome number: not known.</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="14DAD376B4728AA1DADEDD4FD29BC1DA" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure63" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689756" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 63" startId="F63">
|
|
<paragraph id="4F4C6CAE359859F1B06E551FC1309165" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="BD7994D6029A1F2B4F51A7185408C47C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 63.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3F33266F6840E42678E017725463AD8D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum retrorsum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="retrorsum">
|
|
<emphasis id="12261C75F3E516B373DABF694DF47258" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum retrorsum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Elmer - Herbarium specimen collected in the Philippines in 1914 (
|
|
<emphasis id="7D7F3EAFCD7BC0A2C2A709A3740DC982" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Merrill 9665</emphasis>
|
|
, K000195908) Photograph credit: © copyright of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="2C2BE90B24DEC24E89440580E92FA3F3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="79ADDF3DD68DBB61D7FA2A2B98BB1686" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="33590F0214BDCCDAE31263CC91415923" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="7FE90E55C5EB472FEC38AC81D7399FEA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="1FE2DD1C4E9546D352CBA7C3798B8F96" captionStart="Figure 64" captionStartId="F64" captionText="Figure 64. Distribution of S. retrorsum." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure64" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689757" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">64</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DBFBA5248E999FE33AC1377DE5C89BDA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum retrorsum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="retrorsum">
|
|
<emphasis id="DC4CE090A6B1BF94C16D53E6863EA803" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum retrorsum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
occurs from the very northern part of Sulawesi (a single collection) in Indonesia to the Philippines, where it is much more common. The single collection from Lanyu (Orchid) Island off the southeastern edge of Taiwan is a very poor specimen and is included here with some hesitation.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="E287EA85B666CC796BA84FC11D98EE55" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure64" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689757" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 64" startId="F64">
|
|
<paragraph id="F4ADD79916E2D3FA46F5E86636772AC4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="536D4C527EF21C3700BD84028BAB1B0F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 64.</emphasis>
|
|
Distribution of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96BD0EAE5352B8F05DE457E7FC2E97A5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. retrorsum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="retrorsum">
|
|
<emphasis id="1681C568AF2A345B67EEDE17A295143C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. retrorsum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="E1F76D8A73422A3769A04F1166748387" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="E971FC92744F50B865588EDBF809950B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="DC1897A2F259A66FFDC4FEA1111F2631" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3C380CD590FC4AA582D20639DB98A366" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum retrorsum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="retrorsum">
|
|
<emphasis id="7EC3B12235EA45B06B8EFB32EEC36203" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum retrorsum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
grows in thickets, forests and forest edges in broadleaf evergreen and semideciduous woodlands; few of the collections we have seen have specific habitat information; elevations from 500 to1,600 m elevation.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="6609DC6ED1D022BE1BF7F593505028BC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
|
|
<paragraph id="C900484328AD0F9ECF03E06951365B6C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="14265D3F176C146BB555DFF2EF988C7C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Taiwan.
|
|
<normalizedToken id="198C488BFA423B62DAC85D4ABC560231" originalValue="lü">lue</normalizedToken>
|
|
song qie (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8F1E12F144BBBC32E6A7997263F6568B" author="Zhang, Z-Y" journalOrPublisher="National Taiwan University" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B280" refString="Zhang, Z-Y, Lu, A, D'Arcy, WG, 1994. Solanaceae. In: Wu ZY, Raven PH (Eds) Flora of China. Vol. 17 (Verbenaceae through Solanaceae). Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis." title="Solanaceae. In: Wu ZY, Raven PH (Eds) Flora of China. Vol. 17 (Verbenaceae through Solanaceae). Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis." year="1994">Zhang et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="81FA2ACC82BB60B2ED5D07DE3C0EA9BE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. luzoniense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="luzoniense">
|
|
<emphasis id="9C5DC21907C98816A84A177A9B3412BA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. luzoniense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but this identification is tentative).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="F68D381DFC49B0CA2FEDFCA5F014F225" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
|
|
<paragraph id="C3BE47E1262227C9A34B8BCAEB9181F0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="40CE5E01FBC6F8A9E90893E7F2773D21" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="27EAF39E2C4EA085BF6490D153952527" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="F657456590CDDCBC2F47E8A1102ECF26" author="Hutchings, A" journalOrPublisher="AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B105" refString="2019. . http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2019">IUCN 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Near Threatened (LC). EOO (115,321 km2, LC); AOO (48 km2, EN).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A33CF1955B0D0BE5E81C1013972F1C4F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum retrorsum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="retrorsum">
|
|
<emphasis id="5FC8FED7FC036EE4D41928E31C13C4EE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum retrorsum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is found throughout the Philippines, with populations in a variety of habitats. The range extends to Sulawesi, making it widely distributed. The status of populations outside the main range in the Philippines, however, needs further investigation and the few recent collections suggest that the species merits some conservation concern.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="33725F5B002C86E24D89C2FBE5EBD1D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="42827EC7D9239E0F0DB44303D6635C31" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="2F46B9AAFBB7AFBCC01F8F31080563FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C3EF2EE5FEA1B73CE9710F8C89A72FE5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum retrorsum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="retrorsum">
|
|
<emphasis id="CDAE1852A5BBD209F0D88310BE9B616F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum retrorsum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is polymorphic for prickliness; some plants are densely prickly with the downward point prickles that give the species its name, while others lack prickles entirely. These unarmed plants have been called
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5F468F29DE27F6CE8450F14E992ED149" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. luzoniense." order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="luzoniense.">
|
|
<emphasis id="29E8B74856E4DCD3DC03406D9EB1A5CF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. luzoniense.</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Despite this polymorphism
|
|
<taxonomicName id="424BC58AF7D02D9648EF04C7FDEF6F13" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. retrorsum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="retrorsum">
|
|
<emphasis id="E18745884D212BBD10853A10565F2039" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. retrorsum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is distinctive, with its narrowly elliptic leaves and very small ripe berries, and not easily confused with any other species in the region.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FCD685A3A26FFA5EBA088244B0A6A668" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
The polymorphism in prickliness seen in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C0530F56428F3365EA5A91ACC9F0A1B7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. retrorsum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="retrorsum">
|
|
<emphasis id="4397A38BFB807F74D0F5DDDD5C077E0E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. retrorsum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is also found in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F19399E846230B53E7D7231CCC6B80C4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. ratale" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ratale">
|
|
<emphasis id="8384103FE17D1FF09A82766952703CA8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. ratale</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
D.McClelland of Fiji (see
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A12A32C168F22EF752CC4DC8182659D1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.145.48531" author="McClelland, DHR" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 36" refId="B162" refString="McClelland, DHR, Nee, M, Knapp, S, 2020. new names and status for Pacific spiny species of Solanum (Solanaceae, subgenus Leptostemonum Bitter; the Leptostemonum Clade). PhytoKeys 145: 1 - 36, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.145.48531" title="new names and status for Pacific spiny species of Solanum (Solanaceae, subgenus Leptostemonum Bitter; the Leptostemonum Clade)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.145.48531" volume="145" year="2020">McClelland et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). That species also has unarmed and densely prickly individuals with strongly retrorse prickles mainly on the stems; the plurifoliate sympodial units, trichomes with midpoints equal to the rays and bright red berries (versus difoliate sympodia, small trichomes with elongate midpoints and black to deep purple berries in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B0597BBCA79EC67909F19FD99F769DAF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. ratale" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ratale">
|
|
<emphasis id="374980F89E7D19EE89EB7E5E2E6496AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. ratale</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), as well as their distinct distributions, clearly distinguish the two species.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3181614C771E56FF8C7C016F69800BF2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
The description of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AA3ACC38D20C41D79A9D962D3F2BF002" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. luzoniense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="luzoniense">
|
|
<emphasis id="195B5BF381D440586627258E882A5107" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. luzoniense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C983BA9C79E7AC4CAB270677E2C761BE" author="Zhang, Z-Y" journalOrPublisher="National Taiwan University" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B280" refString="Zhang, Z-Y, Lu, A, D'Arcy, WG, 1994. Solanaceae. In: Wu ZY, Raven PH (Eds) Flora of China. Vol. 17 (Verbenaceae through Solanaceae). Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis." title="Solanaceae. In: Wu ZY, Raven PH (Eds) Flora of China. Vol. 17 (Verbenaceae through Solanaceae). Science Press & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing & St. Louis." year="1994">Zhang et al. (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
was taken from a mixture of material from Taiwan and the Philippines. Material from Taiwan was a mixture of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4B33BACB4E424A704FD0C4063A9C222" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. miyakojimense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="miyakojimense">
|
|
<emphasis id="7BF4D11250827DFD6439C1AC7BAE3E76" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. miyakojimense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis id="F0A73A7A1B335E58CD68D1A147BAFD39" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Yang 8701</emphasis>
|
|
) and a very scrappy specimen from Lanyu Island (
|
|
<emphasis id="BCD6C24AE913CBD5B4F04FE4418741EC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leu et al. 2118</emphasis>
|
|
) that we here tentatively assign to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AE54360D5706AAB2C0D2CACA8977E38B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. retrorsum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="retrorsum">
|
|
<emphasis id="C4301C51A7B58B0A6AD847F7757C2F0D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. retrorsum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but with considerable hesitation. The occurrence of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="827F6AAB0AD6907CF6E47C9C9565A94A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. retrorsum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="retrorsum">
|
|
<emphasis id="497FF84D4D5FBC30AD554CA9780C830E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. retrorsum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in Taiwan remains to be confirmed.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="533915EB67E9ED1A8683A7256536BAB6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="22C94E49B31B549211BFD199C9450F7C" author="Merrill, ED" journalOrPublisher="Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 66" refId="B168" refString="Merrill, ED, 1918b. New or noteworthy Philippine plants XIII. The Philippine Journal of Science, C. Botany 13: 1 - 66" title="New or noteworthy Philippine plants XIII. The Philippine Journal of Science, C." volume="13" year="1918 b">Merrill (1918b)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
did not specifically designate a type for his
|
|
<emphasis id="81FDC17DD63D8661B99F3946C3F48F24" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8048143FF560F9215B63376238CA9690" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. luzoniense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="luzoniense">S. luzoniense</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
He cited "Bur. Sci. 24687 Ramos &
|
|
<normalizedToken id="AFD1D94527ECD564F8A7F4937B0FF708" originalValue="Edaño”">Edano"</normalizedToken>
|
|
, "Bur. Sci. 17710 Otanes" and "Merrill s.n., July 1903"; we have selected the Kew duplicate of
|
|
<emphasis id="3AC8F9C75C89CB6A5B932523411A75A7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Ramos &
|
|
<normalizedToken id="72F2FD8A5126570F3B8D3A3D325684DB" originalValue="Edaño">Edano</normalizedToken>
|
|
[Bur. Sci.] 26487
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
(K000196878) as the lectotype because it is well preserved and has both flower and fruit. For var.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="148C35A9FE1234E11902CED4C695761F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum luzoniense var. glabrum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="luzoniense" variety="glabrum">Solanum luzoniense glabrum</taxonomicName>
|
|
, he clearly stated that his own collection (
|
|
<emphasis id="3543D7FD09B8BCDE9307AFC86A608830" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Merrill 4237</emphasis>
|
|
) was the type but did not specify the herbarium. We have selected the Kew duplicate of this collection (K000195959) as the lectotype of the varietal name because it is the best-preserved specimen of all the duplicates we have seen.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="62EB227B4BA90AC5849974BB52FD81EE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph id="5A141E0471C828AD2B97A1B4F82EC4D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="68D41C8689F8C612FC062355B54C5F71" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. materials 1-3.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |