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<mods:title id="6F8B0D53258C06621623F9A556E38403">Taxonomic novelties in Amaryllidaceae from the Department of Ancash, Peru, and a new combination in Clinanthus</mods:title>
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<treatment id="786E4583A722591892B6E8F603936009" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159412410" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:786E4583A722591892B6E8F603936009" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/786E4583A722591892B6E8F603936009" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" scope_family="Amaryllidaceae">
<subSubSection id="1572D458F233C721F522212597C2C00A" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="781441D0469902B1FCE04889C578337F" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicName id="8253FB3A6230C53BEF700D2F05AD57BD" ID-CoL="8XGZR" LSID="786E4583-A722-5918-92B6-E8F603936009" authority="(Herb.) Meerow &amp; A. Cano" authorityName="Meerow &amp; A. Cano" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Meerow &amp; A. Cano" baseAuthorityYear="2019" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus ruber" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruber" status="comb. nov.">Clinanthus ruber (Herb.) Meerow &amp; A.Cano</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9177C73480BC54A018F46001711C2198" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D6DA9187B7EB6DA88699AE3699EEDF6" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="932D75DB27F870A2A098A63688A6A130" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicName id="04D36B7D769534AFF429D76492859280" authorityName="Herb" authorityYear="1837" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Stenomesson" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stenomesson rubrum" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrum">Stenomesson rubrum</taxonomicName>
Herb.
<taxonomicName id="EC6BDEB9A7C8E5F93C6E433136EFB755" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Amaryllidaceae</taxonomicName>
: 199; Pl. 28. 1837.
<taxonomicName id="5372341FD8B90EFA53E0408ADBBCA039" authorityName="Pav ex Steud" authorityYear="1841" baseAuthorityName="Herb." class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Pancratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pancratium rubrum" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrum">Pancratium rubrum</taxonomicName>
Pav. ex Steud. Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2. 2: 251. 1841. TYPE: Pavon s.n. (Holotype: FI!, isotype: BM!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E170CC8E545DF088E35BFCFE932EEAD3" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicName id="8C334D56FA270501211B781363270A8D" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Coburgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coburgia coccinea" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccinea">Coburgia coccinea</taxonomicName>
Herb.,
<normalizedToken id="5F2CEDCB540FC07E68130094E03884C3" originalValue="Curtiss">Curtis's</normalizedToken>
Bot. Mag. 67: t. 3865. 1841, syn. nov., non
<taxonomicName id="5212934A240B4BBD6C1E33C7AD06270F" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Coburgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coburgia coccinea" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccinea">Coburgia coccinea</taxonomicName>
(Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Herb.,
<normalizedToken id="B72EE4FC69835FD962974E97F17A5D6B" originalValue="Edwards">Edwards'</normalizedToken>
Bot. Reg. 28 (Misc.): 54 (1842). (
<figureCitation id="40387F8DA5C621F39A00F8D310BCC31C" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A Plate 28 from Herbert (1837) with Stenomesson rubrum Herb. illustrated (number 6, red arrow). Stenomesson breviflorum Herb. is illustrated in the same plate (numbers 7 &amp; 8, black arrows), evidence that Herbert considered these two different species B Painting of Coburgia coccinea Herb. [= Clinanthus ruber (Herb.) Meerow &amp; A. Cano] that accompanied the description by Herbert (1841) C Clinanthus ruber, photographed in Peru. Photo by Oscar de Viveroscar D Clinanthus coccineus (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Meerow, loma form, photographed in Lima Dept., Peru. Photo by Norton Cuba Melly." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/340296" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Fig. 4B, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48B39F528EFF8E8FAD785BEE3736BB67" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" type="notes">
<paragraph id="0B9BF5A3FD716B4E77616E8719489F7A" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="67719E1AF43991DFA0A23C5417679AC8" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicName id="C291DA3D74DAAB04AE09A8C21D44DE36" authorityName="Pav ex Steud" authorityYear="1841" baseAuthorityName="Herb." class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Pancratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pancratium rubrum" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrum">
<emphasis id="7AB1F6143670D569AD21F1B8EAEDE979" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Pancratium rubrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Herb.) Pav. ex Steud. was not included in
<bibRefCitation id="63BE2463689CD8B4257E5F4F43EBD3D7" author="Ruiz, H" journalOrPublisher="Typis Gabrielis de Sancha, Madrid" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" refId="B24" refString="Ruiz, H, Pavon, J, 1802. Flora Peruviana et Chilensis, volume 3. Typis Gabrielis de Sancha, Madrid" title="Flora Peruviana et Chilensis, volume 3." year="1802">Ruiz and Pavon (1802)</bibRefCitation>
, even though a specimen from their expedition (FI!, FI011974) is labelled as the type of
<taxonomicName id="EDC803C82E2FD5E4B932DFA66DA37E5B" lsidName="S. rubrum" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" rank="species" species="rubrum">
<emphasis id="6E28A7E1694FBCBD711A0CD9331768B5" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">S. rubrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Herb. The name was validated by
<bibRefCitation id="D0D244E6244D86DD9BDFAFC23DBF10F8" author="von Steudel, EG" journalOrPublisher="Revista Ciencias (Lima)" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" refId="B29" refString="von Steudel, EG, 1841. Nomenclator Botanicus ed. 2, 2: 251. JG Cottae, Stuttgardtiae &amp; Tubingae." title="Nomenclator Botanicus ed. 2, 2: 251. JG Cottae, Stuttgardtiae &amp; Tubingae." year="1841">von Steudel (1841)</bibRefCitation>
. Ravenna
<pageBreakToken id="9B4E146EFC5DFECF908AAB82CCE70B12" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
1978) believed that the type specimen represented
<taxonomicName id="5F13462BE9070FD6BF2B9B169FC380B5" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Stenomesson" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stenomesson flavum" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavum">
<emphasis id="1536298FB925254B0A7D7F8DAB6BF0C7" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Stenomesson flavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Herb., a species that was originally illustrated and described in
<bibRefCitation id="D0FF27701534F72753DF94ADF22F7BE1" author="Ruiz, H" journalOrPublisher="Typis Gabrielis de Sancha, Madrid" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" refId="B24" refString="Ruiz, H, Pavon, J, 1802. Flora Peruviana et Chilensis, volume 3. Typis Gabrielis de Sancha, Madrid" title="Flora Peruviana et Chilensis, volume 3." year="1802">Ruiz and Pavon (1802)</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="3799AA402EB438AC4932E239EB5EDE8F" authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav" authorityYear="1802" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Pancratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pancratium flavum" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavum">
<emphasis id="D701F9E045C0BDD3271044363BDE2690" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Pancratium flavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ruiz &amp; Pav. We believe that
<bibRefCitation id="933246FA4D336F15A77E73CB2F2B606C" author="Ravenna, P" journalOrPublisher="Plant Life" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" pagination="69 - 91" refId="B22" refString="Ravenna, P, 1978. Contributions to South American Amaryllidaceae VII. Plant Life 34: 69 - 91" title="Contributions to South American Amaryllidaceae VII." volume="34" year="1978">Ravenna (1978)</bibRefCitation>
was mistaken in this regard. The specimen has a single scape that bears only three flowers, and the stamens are barely if at all exerted from the perigone.
<taxonomicName id="5574538E8101709AEF5D4C233C02C7B4" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Stenomesson" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stenomesson flavum" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavum">
<emphasis id="71142925AA96B71214B37AF5935F0878" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Stenomesson flavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
always has&gt; 3 flowers and the stamens are exerted at least 1 cm from the limb.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6A8EF8AE3143C614A745174106DD6C58" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">
<bibRefCitation id="6659A7ABA6C14719420AE69CD8A96BCB" author="Herbert, W" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="8" pageNumber="123" refId="B5" refString="Herbert, W, 1837. Amaryllidaceae. James Ridgeway &amp; Sons, London." title="Amaryllidaceae. James Ridgeway &amp; Sons, London." year="1837">Herbert (1837)</bibRefCitation>
illustrated
<taxonomicName id="88FBBA1F3533D4A5BAAF4195A90009AA" lsidName="S. rubrum" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="rubrum">
<emphasis id="30BDAC0ABBA0C830CE52AEB9E512348D" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">S. rubrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="9013DBA6B4D996597CFECF5AFE7778B6" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A Plate 28 from Herbert (1837) with Stenomesson rubrum Herb. illustrated (number 6, red arrow). Stenomesson breviflorum Herb. is illustrated in the same plate (numbers 7 &amp; 8, black arrows), evidence that Herbert considered these two different species B Painting of Coburgia coccinea Herb. [= Clinanthus ruber (Herb.) Meerow &amp; A. Cano] that accompanied the description by Herbert (1841) C Clinanthus ruber, photographed in Peru. Photo by Oscar de Viveroscar D Clinanthus coccineus (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Meerow, loma form, photographed in Lima Dept., Peru. Photo by Norton Cuba Melly." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/340296" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
), which he seemed to consider distinct from
<taxonomicName id="7975783E1F518D3D5C5489E23E0D1619" authorityName="Herb" authorityYear="1821" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav." class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Stenomesson" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stenomesson coccineum" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccineum">
<emphasis id="95544D55033552D7F24ED28E35FF56D5" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Stenomesson coccineum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ruiz. &amp; Pav.) Herb. [≡
<taxonomicName id="31208A37218A116DDE1072EB15A585D3" authorityName="Meerow" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav." class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus coccineus" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccineus">
<emphasis id="A527FDEAE9B464580D23EF639332F01B" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Clinanthus coccineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ruiz. &amp; Pav.) Meerow], a decision with which we agree.
<bibRefCitation id="F2DEA4AEB58806B3A9037819ED656D51" author="Herbert, W" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="8" pageNumber="123" refId="B5" refString="Herbert, W, 1837. Amaryllidaceae. James Ridgeway &amp; Sons, London." title="Amaryllidaceae. James Ridgeway &amp; Sons, London." year="1837">Herbert (1837)</bibRefCitation>
also surmised that errors were made regarding Ruiz and Pavon types and plates in regard to both species. Four years later,
<bibRefCitation id="33784CE337963110DACE3F51151ADE3D" author="Herbert, W" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="8" pageNumber="123" refId="B7" refString="Herbert, W, 1841. Coburgiacoccinea Herb. Curtis's Botanical Magazine 67: t. 3865." title="Coburgiacoccinea Herb. Curtis's Botanical Magazine 67: t. 3865." year="1841">Herbert (1841)</bibRefCitation>
published
<taxonomicName id="AA04C30537C8CB7F0C33CDCF556150AC" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Coburgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coburgia coccinea" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccinea">
<emphasis id="EBFA8C62A8C8D33E07487402AAE2A386" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Coburgia coccinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Herb. (
<figureCitation id="079F63ACA8D78C561211275D5F9A703E" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A Plate 28 from Herbert (1837) with Stenomesson rubrum Herb. illustrated (number 6, red arrow). Stenomesson breviflorum Herb. is illustrated in the same plate (numbers 7 &amp; 8, black arrows), evidence that Herbert considered these two different species B Painting of Coburgia coccinea Herb. [= Clinanthus ruber (Herb.) Meerow &amp; A. Cano] that accompanied the description by Herbert (1841) C Clinanthus ruber, photographed in Peru. Photo by Oscar de Viveroscar D Clinanthus coccineus (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Meerow, loma form, photographed in Lima Dept., Peru. Photo by Norton Cuba Melly." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/340296" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). He made no reference to either
<taxonomicName id="AD37B1B13C01FFB6DFC2EEE64C85706A" lsidName="S. rubrum" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="rubrum">
<emphasis id="B9FCFBC397DFD9E9F483F13D0CACD4EC" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">S. rubrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="124F4531757AC6E875C8AA11A33085BC" lsidName="S. coccineum" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="coccineum">
<emphasis id="62735D72F6E918FCAB39B837D7AEF4DC" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">S. coccineum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, though the flower in the plate (
<figureCitation id="1C01B42D893C180F14F462C7E0EA14A7" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A Plate 28 from Herbert (1837) with Stenomesson rubrum Herb. illustrated (number 6, red arrow). Stenomesson breviflorum Herb. is illustrated in the same plate (numbers 7 &amp; 8, black arrows), evidence that Herbert considered these two different species B Painting of Coburgia coccinea Herb. [= Clinanthus ruber (Herb.) Meerow &amp; A. Cano] that accompanied the description by Herbert (1841) C Clinanthus ruber, photographed in Peru. Photo by Oscar de Viveroscar D Clinanthus coccineus (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Meerow, loma form, photographed in Lima Dept., Peru. Photo by Norton Cuba Melly." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/340296" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
) looks very similar to the flower illustrated for
<taxonomicName id="35D39E46DA1F3BA1464B9FC3DAAA761D" lsidName="S. rubrum" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="rubrum">
<emphasis id="51EDFD0706C9364CB61A5525086C7460" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">S. rubrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="5EED98B116DA8113A75FFF85CBA1EAE7" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A Plate 28 from Herbert (1837) with Stenomesson rubrum Herb. illustrated (number 6, red arrow). Stenomesson breviflorum Herb. is illustrated in the same plate (numbers 7 &amp; 8, black arrows), evidence that Herbert considered these two different species B Painting of Coburgia coccinea Herb. [= Clinanthus ruber (Herb.) Meerow &amp; A. Cano] that accompanied the description by Herbert (1841) C Clinanthus ruber, photographed in Peru. Photo by Oscar de Viveroscar D Clinanthus coccineus (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Meerow, loma form, photographed in Lima Dept., Peru. Photo by Norton Cuba Melly." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/340296" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). The well-illustrated leaf morphology in the plate undoubtedly places the plant in
<taxonomicName id="FA27D49A2D5E9F5942F86AFE0808FF4C" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="1821" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="17217355D571B3D234C38E7939C25CDA" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Clinanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. One year later,
<bibRefCitation id="E1CB8E3705076F5731276DAA81977F52" author="Herbert, W" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="8" pageNumber="123" refId="B8" refString="Herbert, W, 1842. Coburgiacoccinea (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Herb. Edwards's Botanical Register 28 (Misc.): 54." title="Coburgiacoccinea (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Herb. Edwards's Botanical Register 28 (Misc.): 54." year="1842">Herbert (1842)</bibRefCitation>
assigned both
<taxonomicName id="576E608F194F7162F92FD427C15B3BC6" authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav" authorityYear="1802" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Pancratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pancratium coccineum" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccineum">
<emphasis id="96A3C2B77A060E3E6678604CD475FE2E" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Pancratium coccineum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ruiz [sic] and
<taxonomicName id="D525D056389B56576B74E46609E11A82" authorityName="Herb" authorityYear="1821" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav." class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Stenomesson" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stenomesson coccineum" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccineum">
<emphasis id="38A8F9DB3AE4487CB85B2AAF37F11A26" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Stenomesson coccineum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to synonomy with
<taxonomicName id="A5FAA78295B7A81F37B99D7BFA1B3659" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Coburgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coburgia coccinea" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccinea">
<emphasis id="D9FA502119EB2DC0A4E31B2C572FB5CF" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Coburgia coccinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We thus regard
<taxonomicName id="5E9DE5B507EECDC1E3063EC6E194144F" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Coburgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coburgia coccinea" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccinea">
<emphasis id="FA75E6704502FDC15E4BBE1590B90E36" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Coburgia coccinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Herb. (1841) as distinct from
<taxonomicName id="2E9B177608C9558D85F65132C8F47DD2" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Coburgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coburgia coccinea" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccinea">
<emphasis id="5CA617C3903A2C9B8DC686366177346A" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Coburgia coccinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Herb. (1842), nom. illeg., but conspecific to
<taxonomicName id="8E3838018681C8353E30942FC10123FD" authorityName="Meerow &amp; A. Cano" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Meerow &amp; A. Cano" baseAuthorityYear="2019" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus ruber" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruber">
<emphasis id="7A607ABE4CFFBBAF37BF1589447AD280" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Clinanthus ruber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and include it in the synonymy of the latter taxon here.
</paragraph>
<caption id="E147E418335EB4F8E4E04B9E7EAE0BDB" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/340296" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="4E571440FE3EAB864510C6E63FC39991" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis id="231BA0EEA4C0EAA5B941E3A53F5D453E" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="AFDF0276895D72580551028F52E70F40" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">A</emphasis>
Plate 28 from
<bibRefCitation id="F2BF3AF6699106B4313AF8B69E0FD8C0" author="Herbert, W" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="8" pageNumber="123" refId="B5" refString="Herbert, W, 1837. Amaryllidaceae. James Ridgeway &amp; Sons, London." title="Amaryllidaceae. James Ridgeway &amp; Sons, London." year="1837">Herbert (1837)</bibRefCitation>
with
<taxonomicName id="3E8D87F6BB02281A701E240058ECA8CD" authorityName="Herb" authorityYear="1837" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Stenomesson" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stenomesson rubrum" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrum">
<emphasis id="8F095DD6D22A76BC8A316EC6C42643A7" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Stenomesson rubrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Herb. illustrated (number 6, red arrow).
<taxonomicName id="8860577839AAFE6CFCC3F5F6C820AB38" authorityName="Herb" authorityYear="1837" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Stenomesson" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stenomesson breviflorum" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="breviflorum">
<emphasis id="0EFFE182FF97323635CA384716D1610E" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Stenomesson breviflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Herb. is illustrated in the same plate (numbers 7 &amp; 8, black arrows), evidence that Herbert considered these two different species
<emphasis id="6ACCCB5FF8AA8D086C44970742624873" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">B</emphasis>
Painting of
<taxonomicName id="BF436079F0715D9477CB65B1652FE71A" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Coburgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coburgia coccinea" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccinea">
<emphasis id="CC306ACC796AEFF3CD68553636B08B6F" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Coburgia coccinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Herb. [=
<taxonomicName id="E5ACD3D08E2421E18130D40BC918633B" authorityName="Meerow &amp; A. Cano" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Meerow &amp; A. Cano" baseAuthorityYear="2019" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus ruber" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruber">
<emphasis id="C58BB579660F1C0B60192E4D97AE91D3" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Clinanthus ruber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Herb.) Meerow &amp; A. Cano] that accompanied the description by
<bibRefCitation id="ED14733FA2342A728771BDDB9BD60FB3" author="Herbert, W" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="8" pageNumber="123" refId="B7" refString="Herbert, W, 1841. Coburgiacoccinea Herb. Curtis's Botanical Magazine 67: t. 3865." title="Coburgiacoccinea Herb. Curtis's Botanical Magazine 67: t. 3865." year="1841">Herbert (1841)</bibRefCitation>
<emphasis id="40AB9F8C8DF8DE57B2B28EA395E9D480" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="083A5ECF637FA1B4504AF7F619A39778" authorityName="Meerow &amp; A. Cano" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Meerow &amp; A. Cano" baseAuthorityYear="2019" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus ruber" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruber">
<emphasis id="59D5ADBC652226EAF48E701CA1361B6F" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Clinanthus ruber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, photographed in Peru. Photo by Oscar de Viveroscar
<emphasis id="A5DE624FF6DF0DB57D24EA86397FE9FA" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BC2857C64643AA60E4A4C55BB99EBFF3" authorityName="Meerow" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav." class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus coccineus" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccineus">
<emphasis id="F6E6DF8FEC4C868FFB07BF90DDF3EED9" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Clinanthus coccineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Meerow, loma form, photographed in Lima Dept., Peru. Photo by Norton Cuba Melly.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="402BC55B252C7493379E4E508C5D56C7" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">
<bibRefCitation id="6235BDE05C4739C55704ADA8F59B7B3D" author="Ravenna, P" journalOrPublisher="Plant Life" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" pagination="69 - 91" refId="B22" refString="Ravenna, P, 1978. Contributions to South American Amaryllidaceae VII. Plant Life 34: 69 - 91" title="Contributions to South American Amaryllidaceae VII." volume="34" year="1978">Ravenna (1978)</bibRefCitation>
diagnosed
<taxonomicName id="B35BDD8CFEEC1DE5E4343C058BF387A7" authorityName="Meerow" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav." class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus coccineus" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccineus">
<emphasis id="5456802CEBEAF3677CAE36C107E53D20" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Clinanthus coccineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Meerow as belonging to his
<taxonomicName id="A6E23597FAEA96C8ADB66891FDC5FEAD" authority="subgen. Fulgituba" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Stenomesson" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="subgen." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stenomesson" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Stenomesson subgen. Fulgituba</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="12E423A21E8786BBED94132A9900F71F" author="Ravenna, P" journalOrPublisher="Plant Life" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" pagination="29 - 79" refId="B21" refString="Ravenna, P, 1974. Contributions to South American Amaryllidaceae VI. Plant Life 30: 29 - 79" title="Contributions to South American Amaryllidaceae VI." volume="30" year="1974">Ravenna (1974)</bibRefCitation>
, along with
<taxonomicName id="1120EAB5654D492E57A38DACC198370A" authorityName="Meerow" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="Kunth" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus incarnatus" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incarnatus">
<emphasis id="3A592E680F9227DFF1920C4F7B3704D4" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Clinanthus incarnatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Meerow,
<taxonomicName id="CE299A4DA84A1F494220688724C3DFF1" lsidName="C. microstephius" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="microstephius">
<emphasis id="802241E6F3FA61E569C422EB7E9ACB6A" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">C. microstephius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ravenna) Meerow,
<taxonomicName id="8A45658EACF8D497A9BB64629B514748" lsidName="C. variegatus" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="variegatus">
<emphasis id="A47537896EDADB9E3E00871A73303A23" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">C. variegatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Meerow and other species, all of which have varying apical zones of green on the tepals. Recent collections in Peru (N. C. Melly, S. Leiva, pers. comm.) confirm this, with
<taxonomicName id="469AC6BDE13EFDBD70FB2BB144B5203A" authorityName="Meerow" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav." class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus coccineus" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccineus">
<emphasis id="4E8F09460D78EF760E0059E727093345" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Clinanthus coccineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="6EEF1F4F5B7217EB874CC5CE2BCD976F" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A Plate 28 from Herbert (1837) with Stenomesson rubrum Herb. illustrated (number 6, red arrow). Stenomesson breviflorum Herb. is illustrated in the same plate (numbers 7 &amp; 8, black arrows), evidence that Herbert considered these two different species B Painting of Coburgia coccinea Herb. [= Clinanthus ruber (Herb.) Meerow &amp; A. Cano] that accompanied the description by Herbert (1841) C Clinanthus ruber, photographed in Peru. Photo by Oscar de Viveroscar D Clinanthus coccineus (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Meerow, loma form, photographed in Lima Dept., Peru. Photo by Norton Cuba Melly." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/340296" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
) found both in coastal
<emphasis id="52A6CBF7B64CA3EC3F15F686212701C2" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">lomas</emphasis>
and in the northwestern Andean slopes.
<bibRefCitation id="A446607EAF1DB7073E8B495CDE7D7DE2" author="Ravenna, P" journalOrPublisher="Plant Life" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" pagination="69 - 91" refId="B22" refString="Ravenna, P, 1978. Contributions to South American Amaryllidaceae VII. Plant Life 34: 69 - 91" title="Contributions to South American Amaryllidaceae VII." volume="34" year="1978">Ravenna (1978)</bibRefCitation>
seems to have considered
<taxonomicName id="B7283B5A2709421E5B99B4B0CF70C195" lsidName="S. rubrum" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="rubrum">
<emphasis id="A5009FE613FE00D37E9938D4EBBD3E9A" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">S. rubrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a synonym for
<taxonomicName id="CC131ACDE20AC74F04B9F2056E2BB20B" lsidName="S. breviflorum" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="breviflorum">
<emphasis id="77531A451F1BB3CFE0FDF9D68204AB87" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">S. breviflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Herb. We disagree with this assessment.
<bibRefCitation id="B9F5C110CCA79BFA9579EDE976323FAF" author="Herbert, W" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="8" pageNumber="123" refId="B5" refString="Herbert, W, 1837. Amaryllidaceae. James Ridgeway &amp; Sons, London." title="Amaryllidaceae. James Ridgeway &amp; Sons, London." year="1837">Herbert (1837)</bibRefCitation>
illustrated both in the same plate (
<figureCitation id="D492FA8BA44ECD8FAB5C64FC9CED5FBA" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A Plate 28 from Herbert (1837) with Stenomesson rubrum Herb. illustrated (number 6, red arrow). Stenomesson breviflorum Herb. is illustrated in the same plate (numbers 7 &amp; 8, black arrows), evidence that Herbert considered these two different species B Painting of Coburgia coccinea Herb. [= Clinanthus ruber (Herb.) Meerow &amp; A. Cano] that accompanied the description by Herbert (1841) C Clinanthus ruber, photographed in Peru. Photo by Oscar de Viveroscar D Clinanthus coccineus (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Meerow, loma form, photographed in Lima Dept., Peru. Photo by Norton Cuba Melly." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/340296" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). The type specimen of
<taxonomicName id="6AA204057265A42F2689722B6AD44732" lsidName="S. breviflorum" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="breviflorum">
<emphasis id="A5E29CAF9627122A4B9345310E1C4901" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">S. breviflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Maclean s.n. K!, K000322395 &amp; 396) clearly bears pseudo-petiolate leaves, which confirms its place in
<taxonomicName id="CE1575F7B88843D110E97D3EF0F6DCD0" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Stenomesson" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stenomesson" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7738138228972875A6322C885E6BF8A3" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Stenomesson</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rather than
<taxonomicName id="6F94541B25A3E13B236B974D5A92F4C1" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="1821" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="79B031CA77F4E09D715132FF2F9C8CD8" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Clinanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="F2C9B2993490E80FFA910DE3E2DE6167" authorityName="Meerow &amp; A. Cano" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Meerow &amp; A. Cano" baseAuthorityYear="2019" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus ruber" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruber">
<emphasis id="1523323715188880EA1E27DC1B0FA632" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Clinanthus ruber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is fairly widespread in northern Peru, and can have red or pink flowers, but never more than five in all the material we have seen. It is variable in the degree to which the limb spreads from the throat of the perigone. The flowers are without any green apical zone, and bear relatively narrow leaves &lt;1 cm wide.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>