243 lines
29 KiB
XML
243 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697" ID-GBIF-Dataset="89be094e-6732-48a6-b5aa-74053d16f748" ID-PMC="PMC9633978" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1066-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" ID-PubMed="36479134" ID-ZooBank="133CE040A5AF44F1BC9A558C2F06A8AA" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1066-1" checkinTime="1635480455043" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J. & Lombard, Amanda T." docDate="2021" docId="46F0F39E62DA0606A869F1CD9A494438" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1066: 1-198" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1066" docPubDate="2021-10-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697" docTitle="Tethocyathus virgatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" masterDocTitle="Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="198" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732486004380" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="BA4E22862936259F5A14E86BE02123B1">Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FE6303845EF7F96F6B4A3B183EBD80B9">Filander, Zoleka N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0C958E27D70BBC43C591639573A9EFA5">Biodiversity and Coastal Research, Oceans and Coasts, Department of Environment, Forestry, and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa & Zoology Department, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8E599413A6DD0971CC12E14FC7163A8E" type="email">zfilander@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="6BB39D182D3D19B206C19FFF9BEFE7EA">Kitahara, Marcelo V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="72B84D016246466FD61E70CC49E71212">Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Ciencias do Mar, Santos, Brazil & Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Sebastiao, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="19D7AD95B672C17C93BF538A87E78B07">Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="407F15B40F973DEA0B0727439E5954EA">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D32F61B945A3516AFF6CBFE198F950DD">Sink, Kerry J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A70334551CA2439F8125180D5938038B">South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa & Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="050E19E0E847AFA2D6FBD32349CEC5C2">Lombard, Amanda T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="35E341AD9FAA88900E32A26B4A0E1C99">Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:classification id="79E8DB8AC1C1C7684980F07EBC695F6E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3D3DA58C119196E380C8D906D1810336" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="46F0F39E62DA0606A869F1CD9A494438" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189599997" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:46F0F39E62DA0606A869F1CD9A494438" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/46F0F39E62DA0606A869F1CD9A494438" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_class="Anthozoa" scope_family="Caryophylliidae" scope_order="Scleractinia" scope_phylum="Cnidaria">
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<subSubSection id="9804ADED7BDFB7F91E5A863FEA0E3F1F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D3B04FA4B27CE7B6CF4746F920153C78" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="B2C14FD6566362E4AC4863DEEB098B00" ID-CoL="55KF8" authority="(Alcock, 1902)" baseAuthorityName="Alcock" baseAuthorityYear="1902" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Tethocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethocyathus virgatus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="virgatus">Tethocyathus virgatus (Alcock, 1902)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="4D3C6919F56CB78250479231E0A977B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="64ADD2830E47B060CC883C5009DE1D60" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation id="8BFCEDE71E83E8C2A3741C7255604E42" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. A, F Stephanocyathus (Acinocyathus) explanans: A, C (USNM 62500, off Durban, 183 - 220 m) Calicular view B basal view C lateral view D, F (SAMC _ A 090144, off Port St Johns, 96 - 98 m) D calicular view E basal view F lateral view G, I Stephanocyathus (Odontocyathus) campaniformis (SAM _ H 3178, off Coffee Bay, 1420 m) G calicular view H basal view I lateral view J, L Stephanocyathus (Odontocyathus) nobilis (SAM _ H 1697, off Groot Berg Estuary, 1050 m) J calicular view K basal view L lateral view M, N Tethocyathus virgatus (SAMC _ A 073180, off Mazeppa Bay, 240 - 250 m) M calicular view N lateral view O, P Trochocyathus (Trochocyathus) sp. 1 (SAM _ H 1244, off East London, 59 m) O calicular view P lateral view. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604108" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 5M, N</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D22F690E44C5D6AA282501DEB64CB8C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="A740680CEFAE2A6CC93994F6519EA3C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="00EEC152EBC756DA7304CE02EB4B3F41" authorityName="Alcock" authorityYear="1902" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Trochocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trochocyathus (Thecocyathus) virgatus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="virgatus" subGenus="Thecocyathus">Trochocyathus (Thecocyathus) virgatus</taxonomicName>
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Alcock, 1902a: 98-99. -
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<bibRefCitation id="484C041E36CF1D6067A828F90613D4BD" author="Alcock, A" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B8" refString="Alcock, A, 1902c. Report on the deep-sea Madreporaria of the Siboga-Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie 16a: 1-52. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11383" title="Report on the deep-sea Madreporaria of the Siboga-Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie 16 a: 1 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11383" year="1902 c">Alcock 1902c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 16-17, pl. 2, fig. 13.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="3D917194B88A34988DC531B061162F9D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AE03C4C98FA29431ED22288AF85ACEA" baseAuthorityName="Alcock" baseAuthorityYear="1902" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Tethocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethocyathus virgatus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="virgatus">Tethocyathus virgatus</taxonomicName>
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||
. -
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||
<bibRefCitation id="115E7A74BAA1A4BC5E96F353BBA0BA4B" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 210" refId="B38" refString="Cairns, S, 1995. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia (Cnidaria Anthozoa). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 103: 1 - 210" title="The marine fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia (Cnidaria Anthozoa)." volume="103" year="1995">Cairns 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 65-66, pl. 16C-F. -
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7EE0664A6F36C6A5B0B837C57C5351AA" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 243" refId="B54" refString="Cairns, S, Zibrowius, H, 1997. Cnidaria Anthozoa: azooxanthellate Scleractinia from the Philippines and Indonesian regions. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris) 172: 27 - 243" title="Cnidaria Anthozoa: azooxanthellate Scleractinia from the Philippines and Indonesian regions." volume="172" year="1997">Cairns and Zibrowius 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 114-115. -
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||
<bibRefCitation id="A91F90E2BA0F57F67E103E10687A05D8" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="31 - 167" refId="B41" refString="Cairns, S, 1999a. Cnidaria Anthozoa: deep-water azooxanthellate Scleractinia from Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna Islands. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 180: 31 - 167" title="Cnidaria Anthozoa: deep-water azooxanthellate Scleractinia from Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna Islands." volume="180" year="1999 a">Cairns 1999a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 86
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||
<bibRefCitation id="0FAAA7CD01840AAA43D1B748F126A14D" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="259 - 329" refId="B45" refString="Cairns, S, 2004a. The Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 56: 259 - 329" title="The Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of Australia." volume="56" year="2004 a">. -Cairns 2004a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 286. -
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="159444449710081E900A2AB8E84C5B68" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Paper of the Bernice P Bishop Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B48" refString="Cairns, S, 2009. Online appendix: Phylogenetic list of 711 valid Recent azooxanthellate scleractinian species, with their junior synonyms and depth ranges. In: Roberts J, Wheeler, A, Freiwald, A, Cairns S (Eds) Cold water corals: The Biology and Geology of Deep-sea Corals Habitats. Cambridge University Press. https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7548" title="Online appendix: Phylogenetic list of 711 valid Recent azooxanthellate scleractinian species, with their junior synonyms and depth ranges. In: Roberts J, Wheeler, A, Freiwald, A, Cairns S (Eds) Cold water corals: The Biology and Geology of Deep-sea Corals Habitats. Cambridge University Press. https: // repository. si. edu / handle / 10088 / 7548" year="2009">Cairns 2009</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 9. -
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||
<bibRefCitation id="4920B19A3C01A789654CD90B56DB45A8" author="Kitahara, M" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="91 - 118" refId="B155" refString="Kitahara, M, Cairns, S, Miller, D, 2010a. Monophyletic origin of the Caryophyllia (Scleractinia; Caryophylliidae), with description of six new species. Systematics and Biodiversity 8: 91 - 118" title="Monophyletic origin of the Caryophyllia (Scleractinia; Caryophylliidae), with description of six new species." volume="8" year="2010 a">Kitahara et al. 2010a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 115. -
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FE351172ABF2C59B6DB1E69D43AF8357" author="Kitahara, M" journalOrPublisher="Publications Scientifiques du Museum, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B154" refString="Kitahara, M, Cairns, S, 2021. Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos volume 32: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Publications Scientifiques du Museum, Paris" title="Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos volume 32: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle." year="2021">Kitahara and Cairns 2021</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 570-571, 573, figs 316, 317A-C.
|
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="4924369077FFAC73286683081D07AD18" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
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<paragraph id="DC6DFB9215156180C60BB43C416CCBE4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="297B8EF43EE19D06D98023BA18356972" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Off Sulu Archipelago (HMS
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||
<normalizedToken id="23944CA9ADF58705A2EE53CC063A6E5C" originalValue="‘Siboga’">'Siboga'</normalizedToken>
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stns. 96 and 105: South-east of Pearl Bank and
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<geoCoordinate id="13D7F226891B8C7A216208B7A21949DD" degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-6.133333">6°08'00"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="6330B5C5104724D8D509088E5F337BB0" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="121.316666">121°19'00"E</geoCoordinate>
|
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, respectively); 15-275 m (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="E1B6ED060055C57AC4B7B25CC50FA67F" author="Alcock, A" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B8" refString="Alcock, A, 1902c. Report on the deep-sea Madreporaria of the Siboga-Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie 16a: 1-52. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11383" title="Report on the deep-sea Madreporaria of the Siboga-Expedition. Siboga-Expeditie 16 a: 1 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11383" year="1902 c">Alcock 1902c</bibRefCitation>
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).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C83725FACE651F861CD1D5232FC57605" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="B2AE1D9AFE3A24690B497765E87E6C50" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="54CAA02927A31730CB986069C9206F8A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Two syntypes are deposited at the ZMA
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A891DDAF433B9B3AE4D83653B1B66E82" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="259 - 329" refId="B45" refString="Cairns, S, 2004a. The Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 56: 259 - 329" title="The Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of Australia." volume="56" year="2004 a">(Cairns 2004a</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4C56E89299B775713F82372F73B7584D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="008B0E13B91F5638E97591ACC3426961" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B48E805B52BEB813710F5E5133A95838" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation id="C6E82DA9201D4626969DF506FDC0D701" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Mlalazi Estuary" elevation="215" latitude="-29.015" location="Eastern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.201702" municipality="Richards Bay" specimenCount="1">
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||
SAMC_A073083 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="C0406B7BDD85B8E09A2E455C10BBE19D" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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):
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<location id="A3603927EB51A568F9D59FA5F389B4D4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:46F0F39E62DA0606A869F1CD9A494438:A3603927EB51A568F9D59FA5F389B4D4" county="Mlalazi Estuary" latitude="-29.015" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.201702" municipality="Richards Bay" name="Eastern">Eastern</location>
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margin,
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<quantity id="B08EECD7F2BB47274B56350BB08D52C7" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" unit="km" value="28.0">28 km</quantity>
|
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from
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="4DFD87E901AA9DA0965E622DE2CE3798">Richards Bay</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
/
|
||
<quantity id="7184D667D99AE9CC5DDBAA95E4B780A9" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
|
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off
|
||
<collectingCounty id="22B4CB522A085EB97FE4002B96B19966">Mlalazi Estuary</collectingCounty>
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,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BDDAA436B69A1FC81AE77D24E6F7CC93" degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="54.00" value="-29.015">29°00'54.00"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D23071F6A3A0ED94E56CD5CDEDDE0228" degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="06.12" value="32.201702">32°12'06.12"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="13C3BBD64F5A6C5EC5D3D35DE7CD519F" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="C53139D7733BF3DD9AB9F0C9673C177A" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" unit="m" value="215.0">
|
||
<elevation id="97C636C053358673C4ED21D958149229" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" unit="m" value="215.0">215 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="A3AE56AC2C82CAE20CA8EEFBE2314E9C" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Cwili Estuary" elevation="245" latitude="-32.7633" location="Southern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.6067" municipality="Mazeppa Bay" specimenCount="2">
|
||
SAMC_A073180 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="09D29EBE5517B846BE80964BE0FAB9B2" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
):
|
||
<location id="84BB701CF3C5C07321AF9E4CE993672C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:46F0F39E62DA0606A869F1CD9A494438:84BB701CF3C5C07321AF9E4CE993672C" county="Cwili Estuary" latitude="-32.7633" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.6067" municipality="Mazeppa Bay" name="Southern">Southern</location>
|
||
margin,
|
||
<quantity id="CD3B3947E661DC43FD2E78B0FE37B952" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" unit="km" value="33.0">33 km</quantity>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="44B7570192D85A497F81F99419763C34">Mazeppa Bay</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
/
|
||
<quantity id="7E8137A5F2F9EDF7B2209EA170A6EAFB" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" unit="km" value="24.0">24 km</quantity>
|
||
off
|
||
<collectingCounty id="77870404A37F516BE5AB7ADC1B826328">Cwili Estuary</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7E18D64A68F1E949F8F3C94266751950" degrees="32" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="47.88" value="-32.7633">32°45'47.88"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E8FB28F1EBA906A0488829DDE6C4AA0D" degrees="28" direction="east" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="24.12" value="28.6067">28°36'24.12"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="94C5FDDB73B9077DFE5B3067508D2F53" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.4" unit="m" value="245.0" valueMax="250.0" valueMin="240.0">
|
||
<elevation id="1C97291AD87C4F71B2069E38F2623FB7" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.4" unit="m" value="245.0" valueMax="250.0" valueMin="240.0">240-250 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3DA75AACAF6DC95A43A82A627A11E2E5" collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" county="Mlalazi Estuary" elevation="95" latitude="-29.08633" location="Eastern" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.136333" municipality="Port Dunford" specimenCount="1">
|
||
USNM 91674 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="98C6791F07F7C3C9AE57BCD707A7AA6F" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
):
|
||
<location id="CBA24BEAFD480774D9927BD71E6B0E29" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:46F0F39E62DA0606A869F1CD9A494438:CBA24BEAFD480774D9927BD71E6B0E29" county="Mlalazi Estuary" latitude="-29.08633" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.136333" municipality="Port Dunford" name="Eastern">Eastern</location>
|
||
margin,
|
||
<quantity id="386ECB0E56F20AC4182A9A5F56AA1F52" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" unit="km" value="32.0">32 km</quantity>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="EB272AA12F4DA0FD4293217368204B04">Port Dunford</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
/
|
||
<quantity id="71BF7863318711E407199BADF7A14CB2" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" unit="km" value="37.0">37 km</quantity>
|
||
off
|
||
<collectingCounty id="462B517CEEA57935244B17A11E749AF2">Mlalazi Estuary</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F867F7C0E662835D114E5F0637AC8EF8" degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="10.79" value="-29.08633">29°05'10.79"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="118CD2B1A18347185059BB987EC2E98A" degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="08" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="10.79" value="32.136333">32 08'10.79"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="16FC505ABD02FD318DFCB62C52468781" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="E91842C1DEAB415E36C7D75042939182" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" unit="m" value="95.0">
|
||
<elevation id="ABC926D5B579102EE94A06B33C571D9A" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" unit="m" value="95.0">95 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C1AE46360ED97739B94344CFF40A9810" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="E60B2AA8F4FA01C9EF851155393D97F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6957F5C64C76E0A6BA73189AF5F224C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Corallum solitary, ceratoid to subcylindrical, and attached to substrate by a thick pedicel (PD:GCD = 0.2-0.7) that expands into a polycyclic encrusting base. Calice elliptical (GCD:LCD = 1.1-1.2), with a jagged calicular margin. Largest specimen examined (USNM 91674) 13.4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1D373C886C02D2E3E7A006BAAF2BF250" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
11.8 mm in CD, and 26.3 mm in H. Costae unequal, flat, granular, separated by shallow intercostal striae, and becoming less prominent towards base. Epitheca may be thick and penetrated by lenticular pores of acrothoracid barnacles, or thin with no incrustation. Corallum pigmented purple-black, that fades into a white colouration towards base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EF7644049EEADC59AC904499AD1497B2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Septa hexamerally arranged in five cycles, the last cycle being incomplete, according to the formula: S1> S2> S3 ≥ S4> S5 (<68 septa). Septa closely packed. S1-2 exsert, independent, thickest, and most swollen. Higher cycle septa (S3-4) progressively less exsert and less thick. S31/2 the width of S1-2. S4 dimorphic in size: those adjacent to S1 equal to or slightly wider than S3; and those adjacent to S2 usually less wide than S3. S5 same width as S4 adjacent to S1, if present. All septa have straight axial margins except for S3, which have slightly sinuous ones. Septal faces granular. Pali large, closely packed, and present before all septal cycles but last, forming a high paliform crown encircling a papillose columella composed of a group of closely-packed and low-profile rods.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7654E54CE998B5D16459BA0D27126FD0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="F1647C9FAB93CB1283EA3C60F04545E5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CD27EFFE872FD066A504680D13834906" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Regional: Southern to eastern margin of South Africa, from Kei Mouth extending towards Port Dunford; 95-250 m. Elsewhere: Philippines; Indonesia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="53B4470C59650EE3980C970B521DBEAB" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 243" refId="B54" refString="Cairns, S, Zibrowius, H, 1997. Cnidaria Anthozoa: azooxanthellate Scleractinia from the Philippines and Indonesian regions. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris) 172: 27 - 243" title="Cnidaria Anthozoa: azooxanthellate Scleractinia from the Philippines and Indonesian regions." volume="172" year="1997">Cairns and Zibrowius 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Vanuatu; Wallis and Futuna Islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="50833318B0E32F37B5DE630D55A1BB69" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="31 - 167" refId="B41" refString="Cairns, S, 1999a. Cnidaria Anthozoa: deep-water azooxanthellate Scleractinia from Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna Islands. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 180: 31 - 167" title="Cnidaria Anthozoa: deep-water azooxanthellate Scleractinia from Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna Islands." volume="180" year="1999 a">Cairns 1999a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); New Caledonia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1EEB5F793DCFB60B6D89A1B3BB140BB7" author="Kitahara, M" journalOrPublisher="Publications Scientifiques du Museum, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B154" refString="Kitahara, M, Cairns, S, 2021. Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos volume 32: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Publications Scientifiques du Museum, Paris" title="Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos volume 32: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle." year="2021">Kitahara and Cairns 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); New Zealand (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="841BD5832A92FD78805766F262920E63" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 210" refId="B38" refString="Cairns, S, 1995. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia (Cnidaria Anthozoa). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 103: 1 - 210" title="The marine fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia (Cnidaria Anthozoa)." volume="103" year="1995">Cairns 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Australia
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5276336D4D2FA54D8FB81251216E148F" author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="259 - 329" refId="B45" refString="Cairns, S, 2004a. The Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 56: 259 - 329" title="The Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of Australia." volume="56" year="2004 a">(Cairns 2004a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); 95-1200 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D99931F1C7F02A2AB9DFABC0D04BB55E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="9385F88BFF7791C10340DD2BB1D765B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="549A0C87C370E09C3434A6075A018EB9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72C6BD01C94D731A1F050017280D1328" baseAuthorityName="Alcock" baseAuthorityYear="1902" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Tethocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethocyathus virgatus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="virgatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="81743B5D26865C54A36C7E8490F14FC0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tethocyathus virgatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from the other Recent congeners in having a pigmented CS1, S1-2 being the thickest septa, well-developed lamellar pali, and by attaining the largest corallum size. The examined specimens represent a new record for the region. The South African representative differs from the Australian in having septa of the fifth cycle (<68 septa) as compared with only four (48 septa), and in having S3 that bear a slightly sinuous rather than a straight axial margin. Nonetheless, all the other taxonomic features agree with what is known to be characteristic of the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |