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412 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375" ID-PMC="PMC3689132" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-24-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658" ID-PubMed="23794938" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576237" ModsDocID="1314-2003-24-1" checkinTime="1451251869906" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lange, P. J. de, Heenan, P. B., Houliston, G. J., Rolfe, J. R. & Mitchell, A. D." docDate="2013" docId="354092E74AD68C8AEDBF1FEEF1DBED1D" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 24: 1-147" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 24" docPubDate="2013-06-17" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375" docTitle="Lepidium panniforme Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658" lastPageNumber="97" masterDocId="563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658" masterDocTitle="New Lepidium (Brassicaceae) from New Zealand" masterLastPageNumber="147" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="92" updateTime="1668140848368" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New Lepidium (Brassicaceae) from New Zealand</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lange, P. J. de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Science & Capability Group, Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Conservation, Private Bag 68908 Newton, Auckland 1145, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Heenan, P. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Allan Herbarium, Landcare Research, P. O. 69, Lincoln 7640, Canterbury, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Houliston, G. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Ecological Genetics Group, Landcare Research, P. O. 69, Lincoln 7640, Canterbury, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rolfe, J. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Science & Capability Group, Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Office, Department of Conservation, P. O. Box 10420, Wellington 6143, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mitchell, A. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Otago School of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2013-06-17</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>24</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>147</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-24-1</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576237</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152024662" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:354092E74AD68C8AEDBF1FEEF1DBED1D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/354092E74AD68C8AEDBF1FEEF1DBED1D" lastPageId="96" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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<subSubSection pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicName LSID="354092E7-4AD6-8C8A-EDBF-1FEEF1DBED1D" authority="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell, 2013" authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidium panniforme" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panniforme" status="sp. nov.">Lepidium panniforme</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="91" pageNumber="92">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="latin">
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<paragraph pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">A L. oleraceo habitu renascenti, habenti periodo distincto rosulato, foliis valde dentatis vel laceratis, siliculis late orbiculatis vel orbiculato-rhomboideis minute alatis ed emarginatis et serie DNA differt. A L. oligodonto et L. rekohuensi habitu suberecto vel erecto fruiticoso, foliis semper dentatis vel laceratis, floribus (2-)4-staminatis et serie DNA differt</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="holotype.">
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<paragraph pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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Chatham Islands (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 81" captionStartId="F81" captionText="Figure 81. Holotype of Lepidium panniforme de Lange et Heenan." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10819" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
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):
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</emphasis>
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Mangere Island, Mangere Island Nature Reserve, Mangere Island, 23 November 2000, M. Thorsen, AK 255607! Isotype: CHR!, K!
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10819" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" start="Figure 81" startId="F81">
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<paragraph pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Figure 81.</emphasis>
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Holotype of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panniforme">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Lepidium panniforme</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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de Lange et Heenan.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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The name "
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">panniforme</emphasis>
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" from the Latin meaning "like a shredded rag" (N. G. Walsh pers. comm.) refers to the ragged appearance of the deeply lacerate, tattered basal and lower stem leaves characteristic of this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="92" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="92" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 82" captionStartId="F82" captionText="Figure 82. Wild plant of Lepidium panniforme on Mangere Island showing growth habit (image: B. Gibb)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10820" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Figs 82</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 85" captionStartId="F85" captionText="Figure 85. Mature silicle of Lepidium panniforme from holotype (AK 255607). Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10823" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">-85</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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Tap-rooted, pungent-smelling, summer-green, perennial herbarising from stock rootstock 7.3-8(-10) mm diam. Growth habit, erect to suberect, loose to densely branched plants up to 1 m across. Stems
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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persistent, sometimes dying down to rootstock over winter or in times of adversity; upright to spreading, bases often very stout,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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spherical, somewhat woody when mature 10-15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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10-12 mm, comprised of numerous old leaf and stem bases, sometimes producing
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<pageBreakToken pageId="92" pageNumber="93" start="start">roots</pageBreakToken>
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, new seasons grow erect to suberect, glabrous, sometimes with very sparse, appressed, caducous, silky 0.5-1 mm long, hairs near stem apices; at fruiting stems often devoid of foliage for much of length. Leaves glabrous, firmly fleshy to succulent, usually dark green to green, sometimes yellow-green. Rosette and stem leaves usually withering at fruiting but sometimes with a few long persistent. Petiole distinct, 20-35(-40)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2-9 mm. Lamina oblanceolate, lanceolate, narrowly lanceolate (rarely spathulate), 50-100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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10-30 mm; either deeply toothed and/or lacerate or with distal ⅔ to ⅓ deeply toothed and/or deeply lacerate, teeth in 10-18(-20) pairs, blunt to sharp, running to and including apex and usually extending beyond leaf outline, base cuneate to narrowly cuneate. Middle stems leaves usually with indistinct petioles, these 10-30 mm long; lamina narrowly linear-lanceolate to linear, often recurved to falcate from or near
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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to ⅓ of leaf length, 50-80(-120)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3-6 mm; margins deeply lacerate and/or toothed, teeth usually prominent, often confined to the upper ⅔, in 12-18(-30) pairs, these running to and including the apex; lamina base tapered, very narrowly cuneate. Upper stem leaves with or without a distinct petiole, petiole if present 40-60 mm, linear to linear-spathulate, occasionally narrowly lanceolate, usually toothed and/or lacerate, patent or recurved and/or falcate for upper
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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of leaf length, 30-50(-100)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.0-3.0(-30) mm. Racemes (5-)10-15 mm long, terminal and axillary; rachis glabrous; pedicels glabrous, erecto-patent, 2-5(-8) mm long at fruiting. Flowers c.0.4-0.8(-1.0) mm diam. Sepals glabrous or finely pubescent, or with both states within the one flower, green, broadly ovate to oval, c.0.6-1.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.6-1.2 mm, with pale-green to white thickened margin, apex broadly obtuse. Petals white, 1.5-2.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.3-0.8(-1) mm, erecto-patent to somewhat spreading, clawed; limb narrowly obovate, apex obtuse, occasionally emarginated. Stamens (2-)4, equal. Nectaries 2, subulate, 0.35 mm long. Silicles cartilaginous when fresh, coriaceous when dry, orbicular, orbicular-rhomboid (2.5-)3.0-3.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(1.5-)1.8-2.5(-3.3), slightly winged in upper ⅓, apex minutely notched, based obtuse to
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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cordate, valves glabrous, dried surface often distinctly reticulate; style 0.1-0.2(-0.3) mm long, free from the narrow wing, exceeding the shallow notch; stigma 0.2-0.3 mm diam., capitate. Seeds 2, narrowly ovoid, brown, red-brown to orange-brown, not winged, 1.25-1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.35-0.60 mm. FL. Nov-Feb. FR. Nov-Feb.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10820" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" start="Figure 82" startId="F82">
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<paragraph pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Figure 82.</emphasis>
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Wild plant of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panniforme">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Lepidium panniforme</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on Mangere Island showing growth habit (image: B. Gibb).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10821" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" start="Figure 83" startId="F83">
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<paragraph pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Figure 83.</emphasis>
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Vegetative stems and inflorescences of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panniforme">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Lepidium panniforme</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10822" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" start="Figure 84" startId="F84">
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<paragraph pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Figure 84.</emphasis>
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(From left to right) basal- and mid-stem leaves of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panniforme">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Lepidium panniforme</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Scale bar = 20 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10823" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" start="Figure 85" startId="F85">
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<paragraph pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Figure 85.</emphasis>
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Mature silicle of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panniforme">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Lepidium panniforme</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from holotype (AK 255607). Scale bar = 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="representative specimens">
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<paragraph pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Representative Specimens.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Chatham Islands:</emphasis>
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Mangere Island, Mangere Island Nature Reserve, August 2005, D. Prendeville s.n., (AK 293305); Mangere Island, Mangere Island Nature Reserve, February 2006, B. Gibb s.n., (AK 295945); Mangere Island, Mangere Island Nature Reserve, 14February 2006, P. J. de Lange CH877 & P. B. Heenan, (AK 300343); Mangere Island, Mangere Island Nature Reserve, 14 Feb 2006, P. J. de Lange CH874 & P. B. Heenan,(AK 300340); Mangere Island, Mangere Island Nature Reserve, 14 Feb 2006, P. J. de Lange CH875 & P. B. Heenan, (AK 300341). Rekohu Petre Bay, Waitangi Village, near Council Buildings, (Naturalised) 19 September 2007, P. J. de Lange CH976 & P. B. Heenan, (AK 300992).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Cultivated (New Zealand):</emphasis>
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Auckland, Manurewa, ex Mangere Island, Auckland Botanic Gardens, July 2002, P. J. de Lange 5513, (AK 258042); Lincoln, ex Mangere Island, Landcare Research experimental nursery, 10 July 2008, P. B. Heenan s.n., (CHR 609807); Lin
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<pageBreakToken pageId="93" pageNumber="94" start="start">coln</pageBreakToken>
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, ex Mangere Island, Landcare Research experimental nursery, 25 January 2010,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">P. B. Heenan s.n</emphasis>
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., (CHR 609812).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 63" captionStartId="F63" captionText="Figure 63. Distribution of Lepidium oblitum, Lepidium oligodontum, Lepidium panniforme and Lepidium rekohuense." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10801" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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Endemic. New Zealand, Chatham Islands, where it is only known from Mangere and Little Mangere Island. In 2007,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panniforme">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Lepidium panniforme</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was collected once growing in the loose gravel of a car park near the Chatham Island Council Buildings, Waitangi, Rekohu. Those plants had probably established from seed that was accidentally discarded there by PdL and PBH while pressing freshly gathered fruiting specimens in 2006.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="94" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="recognition.">
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<paragraph pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Recognition.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="94" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panniforme">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Lepidium panniforme</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has an erect, suberect, or spreading growth habit (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 82" captionStartId="F82" captionText="Figure 82. Wild plant of Lepidium panniforme on Mangere Island showing growth habit (image: B. Gibb)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10820" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Figs 82</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 83" captionStartId="F83" captionText="Figure 83. Vegetative stems and inflorescences of Lepidium panniforme." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10821" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">, 83</figureCitation>
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), which immediately separates it from the decumbent
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligodontum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Lepidium oligodontum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is further separated from these taxa by the long persistent, much larger, usually deeply toothed or lacerate and often rather tattered basal and lower stem leaves (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 81" captionStartId="F81" captionText="Figure 81. Holotype of Lepidium panniforme de Lange et Heenan." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10819" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Figs 81</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="F84" captionText="Figure 84. (From left to right) basal- and mid-stem leaves of Lepidium panniforme. Scale bar = 20 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10822" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">-84</figureCitation>
|
||
), and from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligodontum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Lepidium oligodontum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the flowers which consistently have (2-)4 stamens. In growth habit, the species is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oblitum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Lepidium oblitum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. Forst. ex Sparrm., Nova Acta Soc. Sc. Upsal. iii, 193" authorityYear="1780" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleraceum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Lepidium oleraceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,species with which it grows on Mangere Island. The key
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="94" pageNumber="95" start="start">distinctions</pageBreakToken>
|
||
between
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oblitum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Lepidium oblitum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panniforme">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Lepidium panniforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are described under
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oblitum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Lepidium oblitum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however; in brief, the deeply toothed and/or lacerate leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panniforme">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Lepidium panniforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
serve to readily distinguish it from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oblitum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Lepidium oblitum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. From
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. Forst. ex Sparrm., Nova Acta Soc. Sc. Upsal. iii, 193" authorityYear="1780" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleraceum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Lepidium oleraceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is also easily separated, especially when fruiting when the notched rather than acute silicle apex can be seen, but also when vegetative, as the leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panniforme">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Lepidium panniforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are diagnostically deeply toothed and/or lacerate. This is a condition seen otherwise only in the Bounty Islands endemic
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seditiosum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Lepidium seditiosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which differs by having hairy inflorescences (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 96" captionStartId="F96" captionText="Figure 96. Close up of inflorescence of holotype of Lepidium seditiosum (OTA 59718) showing hairy rachises and pedicels, and immature silicles. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10834" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Fig. 96</figureCitation>
|
||
) and distinct rDNA ETS sequence.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panniforme">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Lepidium panniforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares the same rDNA ETS sequence as the morphologically different
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 24, 423" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Lepidium obtusatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. From that species it is recognised by its upright shrub-habit, deeply lobed to lacerate leaves and much smaller, minutely notched silicles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="ecology.">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="95" pageNumber="96" start="start">Ecology</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||
On the highly modified landscape that is Mangere Island,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panniforme">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Lepidium panniforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from a very few sites where it grows in coastal herbfield along cliff tops, in rough pasture, shrubland, regenerating forest and sites kept artificially open, such as track sides. Because Mangere Island is being actively restored to coastal forest, few of these habitats are natural, and as such it is difficult to determine what the real habitat preferences of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panniforme">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Lepidium panniforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are. However, in less modified parts of the island, plants are mainly confined to the steeper, often heavily seabird burrowed slopes and cliff margins. Here, plants mostly grow amongst coxella (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="T. Kirk" authorityYear="1899" baseAuthorityName="F. Müll." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Aciphylla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Apiales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dieffenbachii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Aciphylla dieffenbachii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cockayne & Allan" authorityYear="1927" class="Aves" family="Primobucconidae" genus="Hebe" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coraciiformes" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chathamica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Hebe chathamica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Chatham Island forget-me-not (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Myosotidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Boraginales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hortensium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Myosotidium hortensium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Chatham Island sow thistle (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boulos" authorityYear="1965" baseAuthorityName="T. Kirk" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Embergeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asterales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandifolia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Embergeria grandifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Kirk) Boulos) and, in places,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oblitum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Lepidium oblitum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Little is known about the habitat preferences of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panniforme">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Lepidium panniforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on Little Mangere Island. The only records of its presence there are a series of photographs taken by the late D.V. Merton in February 2006 which show it present on the forest floor within canopy gaps in the summit forest. One assumes that, as with nearby Mangere Island, it also grows on cliff faces, rock ledges are within other suitably open sites within the coastal shrubland and herbfield of that precipitous island.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="96" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Conservation Status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="96" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
|
||
It is notable that while
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligodontum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Lepidium oligodontum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are present in the earliest
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Lepidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collections made by Travers, Cockayne and Martin from the Chatham Islands,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panniforme">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Lepidium panniforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is absent. The first records of it are those gatherings and photographs taken by staff of the former Wildlife Service from Mangere and Little Mangere Island during the 1960s and 1970s. Based on these obser
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="96" pageNumber="97" start="start">vations</pageBreakToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panniforme">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Lepidium panniforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is naturally confined to Mangere and Little Mangere Island. On Mangere Island it is known with certainty only from the vicinity of the hut and along the track from there across to the isthmus. In 2006, c.60 individuals were seen in these areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
Subsequent field work by Department of Conservation staff on Mangere Island indicates that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panniforme">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Lepidium panniforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a very uncommon species, which is potentially further threatened by the re-vegetation of that island. This is in part a natural process, though it is one which has been augmented by deliberate plantings as part of that
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="island’s">island's</normalizedToken>
|
||
long term restoration management as a wildlife refuge for threatened endemic fauna (D. Houston pers. comm.). Nevertheless replanting within the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panniforme">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Lepidium panniforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
siteshas been carefully managed to date, and the species remains locally abundant along the disturbed and open track margins from the hut to the isthmus. However, with such a small population
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panniforme">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Lepidium panniforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains vulnerable to any change in management, and, over time as the surrounding shrubland matures to forest, some decline through natural succession is to be expected. Therefore, this remarkable species will need to be closely monitored to ensure that it is not lost from the island. There is also a need to survey for the species on the almost inaccessible, closely adjacent Little Mangere Island, as the species is still known from there only from those few images taken by the late D.V. Merton.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
Therefore, with <250 mature plants known, and a total area of occupancy of <1 ha, using the New Zealand Threat Classification System (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Townsend, AJ" journalOrPublisher="Bioinformatics" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="B86" refString="Townsend, AJ, de Lange, PJ, Norton, DA, Molloy, J, Miskelly, C, Duffy, C, 2008. The New Zealand Threat Classification System manual. Department of Conservation: Wellington. http://www.doc.govt.nz/publications/conservation/nz-threat-classification-system/nz-threat-classification-system-manual-2008/." title="The New Zealand Threat Classification System manual. Department of Conservation: Wellington. http: // www. doc. govt. nz / publications / conservation / nz-threat-classification-system / nz-threat-classification-system-manual- 2008 /" year="2008">Townsend et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panniforme">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Lepidium panniforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is rated as 'Threatened/Nationally
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Critical’">Critical'</normalizedToken>
|
||
. In this case criterion A(1) or A(3) equally apply. To that listing we recommend appending the qualifiers,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘CD’">'CD'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Conservation Dependent - as the species is being actively managed),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘DP’">'DP'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Data Poor - because accurate information about its status on Little Mangere Island is still needed),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘IE’">'IE'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Island Endemic),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘OL’">'OL'</normalizedToken>
|
||
- because the species occurs on two closely associated islands such that it is at risk of elimination through catastrophe), and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“RR”">"RR"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Range Restricted - because of the narrow geographic range this plant occupies in relation to the rest of the New Zealand Botanical Region).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |