349 lines
49 KiB
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349 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="24962" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.38022" ID-GBIF-Dataset="088c8bf5-09d1-4863-b376-7407db93f7a3" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-2-147" ID-Pensoft-UUID="EF5776BCF202539AB883F064A271DC07" ID-ZooBank="1C96C480B8BA4D63BBF468566D57EA73" ModsDocID="1860-1324-2-147" checkinTime="1573015853547" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liebherr, James K." docDate="2019" docId="2FB20E5A29EA530FA62AB7D21035305F" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 66(2): 147-177" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.38022" docTitle="Tropopterus minimucro Liebherr, 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="115C452A-2872-4623-A3C6-67178AB5F548" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" id="EF5776BCF202539AB883F064A271DC07" lastPageNumber="147" masterDocId="EF5776BCF202539AB883F064A271DC07" masterDocTitle="Revision of Tropopterus Solier: A disjunct South American component of the Australo-Pacific Moriomorphini (Coleoptera, Carabidae)" masterLastPageNumber="177" masterPageNumber="147" pageNumber="147" updateTime="1732747147562" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="51591A8E050DEB13032A4322CB84D760">Revision of Tropopterus Solier: A disjunct South American component of the Australo-Pacific Moriomorphini (Coleoptera, Carabidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2B680C3F12911F7320F895F60FCF44B9" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="58385D525E9B0AB99C21CF2E6149DA04">Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BC235E534C0FEFEA8EE1E343487455E2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3692754D72E838C847E3C9434AEE245A">Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="146B353E79D65A1842451708C8A0713A">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="76602609E737B579D0AF180C177AAD6A">66</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="485491F21329CC67B97FA2AB9FAC14AC">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.38022</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="75636D39BD65024CEB8B72F23A3E770B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E2544750D0ED3F6B32E37327B10C2535" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.38022</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="2FB20E5A29EA530FA62AB7D21035305F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160140721" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:115C452A-2872-4623-A3C6-67178AB5F548" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2FB20E5A29EA530FA62AB7D21035305F" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" scope_family="Carabidae" scope_order="Coleoptera" scope_tribe="Moriomorphini">
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<subSubSection id="1F155072A79448AE8A61BC3FFBDA6D92" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1486D17CEF59500FF0BE3B5561E5FBCE" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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8.
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<taxonomicName id="AF46CB71695649705D62995EBB25160C" ID-CoL="8LY4T" LSID="2FB20E5A-29EA-530F-A62A-B7D21035305F" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropopterus minimucro" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimucro">Tropopterus minimucro</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="7E935789771139AE3A6C8F4CE6E77B97" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="67B293EEC17851B5089B374AF6533BFD" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tropopterus spp., dorsal view; range of standardized body lengths in mm. A. T. trisinuatus female; Cautin Prov., Villarrica (CAS). B. T. minimucro female; Valdivia Prov., P. N. Oncol (OSAC). C. T. fieldianus male; Osorno Prov., Maicolpue (FMNH)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354025" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure2">Figures 2B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="3762C549D6AC6D69EF20EDFAE054857B" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Male aedeagal median lobe, left view, and antecostal apodeme and tergite of abdominal IX, dorsal view. A-D. T. minimucro. A, B. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (EMEC). C, D. Llanguihue Prov., P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). E, F. T fieldianus. E. Osorno Prov., Maicolpue (FMNH). F. Valdivia Prov. La Union (FSCA). For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354028" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure5">
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5
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<normalizedToken id="9AE98F0D9B8DD7D6730A1E0E7CFA6286" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="E14F8A17A7B09B39946B7960DF77E33C" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paired sets of left parameres (above) and right parmeres (below), ectal view, for male specimens of Tropopterus spp. Parameres are in anatomically correct orientation with ventral surface toward bottom of drawing. A, B. T. giraudyi. A. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). B. Chili, " Tropopterus nitidus Sol. " [sic], Chaudoir Coll. (MNHN). C. T. peckorum; Quillota Prov., P. N. La Campana (FMNH). D, E. T. robustus. D. Malleco Prov., P. N. Contulmo (CMNH). E. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (CAS). F, G. T. canaliculus. F. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). G. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (NMNH). H-I. T. duponchelii. H. Talca Prov., Altos de Vilches (MNHN). I. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ). J, K. T. minimucro. J. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (EMEC). K. Llanquihue Prov. P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). L. T. fieldianus; Valdivia, La Union (FSCA)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354029" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6">
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6
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<normalizedToken id="45FCAFC5457E8A55F64059749926FB46" originalValue="J–K">J-K</normalizedToken>
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</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="239FA70BB9370328CD42D028756F0C11" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female reproductive tract and gonocoxae of abdominal segment IX, ventral view. A. T. montagnei; Petorca Prov., Q. Tigre Zapallar, Catapilco (MNHN). Spermatheca disassociated from bursal assemblage. B. T. giraudyi; Llanquihue Prov., P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). C. T. robustus; Malleco Prov., M. N. Contulmo (FMNH). D. T. canaliculus; Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). E. T. duponchelii; Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ). F. T. minimucro; Valdivia Prov., P. N. Oncol (EMEC). For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1. Vertical scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354030" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure7">7F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="7253D82D2B79C321457B539194793149" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Left gonocoxa (except where noted), ventral view, for Tropopterus spp. Specimen information is parallel to that in Figure 7 A-F. For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1. A. T. montagnei. B. T. giraudyi. C. T. robustus. D. T. canaliculus. E. T. duponchelii. F. T. minimucro (right gonocoxa)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354031" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure8">8F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="A17FE1B531F1D02AFE151A5553C4C866" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A-I. Geographic distributions of Tropopterus spp. A. T. montagnei. B. T. giraudyi. C. T. peckorum. D. T. robustus. E. T. canaliculus. F. T. duponchelii. G. T. trisinuatus. H. T. minimucro. I. T. fieldianus. J. Geographical distributions of Tropopterus spp., labeled as per figures above, hierarchically arranged by phylogenetic relationships of the taxon cladogram, Fig. 10." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354032" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure9">9H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="CEC329C798776CC8C2873EAECDA1CD77" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Cladogram returned under all cladistic protocols described in text; tree length = 97, CI = 57, RI = 47, fast character optimization shown. Outgroup choice of Pharetis thayerae based on results in Liebherr (2020). Geographic region abbreviations after taxon name include: eastern Australia (EOZ); Santiagan entomofaunal province (San); Northern Valdivian entomofaunal province (NV); Southern Valdivian Entomofaunal province (SV)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354033" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure10">10</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="23C32674341212F6E2AAAE97243239F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="D00FD9C971776F2520A78DAC1C2DD0BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Diagnosis</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FCA78F56166A224AECF09635D164280F" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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(
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<emphasis id="EACE1688B98327957DF5D966BEE70A1C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">n</emphasis>
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= 5). These larger sized beetles - standardized body length = 7.2-7.9 mm - can be distinguished by the closely punctate sutural stria which becomes a fine, narrow impression on the elytral apex, and the broadly impressed and smooth stria 2 which is obsolete apically (
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<figureCitation id="928797EBEA6CF0084C607EA035965B13" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Tropopterus spp., dorsal view; range of standardized body lengths in mm. A. T. trisinuatus female; Cautin Prov., Villarrica (CAS). B. T. minimucro female; Valdivia Prov., P. N. Oncol (OSAC). C. T. fieldianus male; Osorno Prov., Maicolpue (FMNH)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354025" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure2">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
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). The basal elytral groove is absent across most of the elytral base, though it extends for a short distance medially from the elevated humeral tooth at the base of the elytral lateral marginal depression. The pronotum is moderately transverse (MPW/PL = 1.27-1.37) and the pronotal base is smooth except for 5-8 shallow punctures mesad the laterobasal depression. The parascutellar striole is present as a broad smooth groove mesad the parascutellar seta, the groove not continuous with the base of the sutural stria. Ventrally the prosternum is broadly and deeply depressed medially from the prosternal process ventral face anterad 2/3 toward the prothoracic anterior margin, and the mesepisternum is irregularly punctate with 8-9 punctures in 2 or 3 vertical rows. The dorsal body surface bears well-developed microsculpture: 1, the vertex with an evident isodiametric mesh in transverse rows; 2, the pronotum with a dense transverse mesh, sculpticell breadth 2
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<normalizedToken id="037F3C1288F34925D2CC38E7A700D625" originalValue="–3×">-3x</normalizedToken>
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length, accompanied by transverse lines over portions of the surface; and 3, the elytra with dense transverse lines resulting in iridescence.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4860831E09BF65CD2362C180C2A0194D" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7611D07B7DDAE3B854E75347428AAF37" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1C57110907D7FBB2DE57C2BFE2ECAFAE" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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Head capsule broad with moderately convex eyes, ocular ratio = 1.41-1.45, 25 ommatidia crossed by a horizontal diameter of eye; ocular lobes slightly protruded, their posterior margin obtusely meeting gena, ocular lobe ratio 0.85-0.89; antennae elongate, antennomere 9 length 2.30
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<normalizedToken id="B493A8B44C7FB613230EB624ED09EB71" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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maximal diameter; mandibles moderately elongate, distance from anterior condyle to apex of left mandible 1.76
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<normalizedToken id="B4B21724C65227CDD8CB3A1E004AC6E3" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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distance from condyle to lateroapical margin of labrum; mentum basal breadth 2.8
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<normalizedToken id="F9C16B61BA3F2DF9F16C5A184E21C40B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length from lateral apex to base, very deep paramedial pits laterad base of mentum tooth; ligular apex broad, truncate, two setae separated by 4 setal diameters; paraglossae extended beyond ligular margin slightly more than distance from their base to ligular margin. Transverse pronotum with sides sinuate before acute, projected and denticulate hind angles; median base completely margined, base smooth medially anterad marginal bead, with ~8 minute punctures each side mesad laterobasal depressions; median longitudinal impression with deep, lenticular depression on median base, finely engraved on disc; anterior transverse impression broad and shallow medially, deeper laterally toward front angles; anterior margin smooth medially, margined in outer half of breadth each side; front angles only slightly protruded, rounded; lateral marginal depression very narrow in anterior 2/3 of length, gradually widened to hind angle; lateral setae separated from lateral marginal depression by diameter of articulatory socket; laterobasal depression subquadrate, a smooth tubercle upraised in middle of depression. Elytra broader in apical half, humeri narrowly rounded; lateral marginal depression ended blindly at humerus; parascutellar striole absent, sutural stria indicated by series of isolated punctures, those punctures more closely spaced in apical half, the stria smooth, narrow and deep on apex; subapical and apical setae together in depressed remnant of stria 7; stria 8 greatly reduced, broad and shallow among anterior lateral elytral setae, absent to shallow medially, and shallow, interrupted to deeper and continuous between setae of posterior series; lateral marginal depression moderately broad, lined with transverse sculpticells; subapical sinuation broad and shallow, elytral plica evident in lateral view. Metepisternum slightly elongate, maximal width 0.83
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<normalizedToken id="FB86E323CC1D6653870BA2563EDB4A24" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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lateral length. Abdomen with ventrites 3-6 broadly depressed laterally; suture between ventrites 1 and 2 slightly sinuate, ventrite 2 depressed within sinuation; base of ventrites 4-6 depressed, no evidence of punctures associated with the intersegmental membranes; female apical ventrite with two long setae each side and four shorter setae in a more basally situated transverse row medially. Coloration of dorsal body dark rufous, antennae, mouthparts and legs rufobrunneous; ventral body surface also dark rufous, proepipleuron and elytral epipleuron concolorous to paler, rufobrunneous, apex of abdomen not paler.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9250B8BE014C32A8533C7465C5C23599" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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Male genitalia (
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<emphasis id="D51327397A8CD09A9000F6233032151F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">n</emphasis>
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= 10). Aedeagal median lobe broad dorsoventrally, the ostial opening narrowed to a rounded apex that bears a very small mucro on the ventrobasal surface (
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<figureCitation id="365E9E29A14FD9ED65423BB2FCB109D2" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Male aedeagal median lobe, left view, and antecostal apodeme and tergite of abdominal IX, dorsal view. A-D. T. minimucro. A, B. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (EMEC). C, D. Llanguihue Prov., P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). E, F. T fieldianus. E. Osorno Prov., Maicolpue (FMNH). F. Valdivia Prov. La Union (FSCA). For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354028" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure5">Fig. 5A, C</figureCitation>
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); a large, distally serrate ventrobasal spicular sclerite present (
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<figureCitation id="37B5D51B42EE481D878C6C511708C624" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Male aedeagal median lobe, left view, and antecostal apodeme and tergite of abdominal IX, dorsal view. A-D. T. minimucro. A, B. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (EMEC). C, D. Llanguihue Prov., P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). E, F. T fieldianus. E. Osorno Prov., Maicolpue (FMNH). F. Valdivia Prov. La Union (FSCA). For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354028" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure5">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
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); flagellum elongate, associated with membranous flagellar sheath. Antecostal apodeme of abdominal IX broadly rounded distally, juncture of two lateral arms asymmetrically offset toward left side, the distal extension short. Right paramere elongate with narrow apical extension (
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<figureCitation id="0A7065FE2FDFB8FC083E4F6CFD8F053E" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paired sets of left parameres (above) and right parmeres (below), ectal view, for male specimens of Tropopterus spp. Parameres are in anatomically correct orientation with ventral surface toward bottom of drawing. A, B. T. giraudyi. A. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). B. Chili, " Tropopterus nitidus Sol. " [sic], Chaudoir Coll. (MNHN). C. T. peckorum; Quillota Prov., P. N. La Campana (FMNH). D, E. T. robustus. D. Malleco Prov., P. N. Contulmo (CMNH). E. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (CAS). F, G. T. canaliculus. F. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). G. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (NMNH). H-I. T. duponchelii. H. Talca Prov., Altos de Vilches (MNHN). I. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ). J, K. T. minimucro. J. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (EMEC). K. Llanquihue Prov. P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). L. T. fieldianus; Valdivia, La Union (FSCA)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354029" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6">Fig. 6J, K</figureCitation>
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), ventral surface lined with 10-14 small setae, one or two larger setae at apex, and from one to several small setae on dorsoapical surface; left paramere broad basally, the apex ranging from a gradually narrow apex (
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<figureCitation id="AD6FEA4CA463C634A01F536959C18027" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paired sets of left parameres (above) and right parmeres (below), ectal view, for male specimens of Tropopterus spp. Parameres are in anatomically correct orientation with ventral surface toward bottom of drawing. A, B. T. giraudyi. A. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). B. Chili, " Tropopterus nitidus Sol. " [sic], Chaudoir Coll. (MNHN). C. T. peckorum; Quillota Prov., P. N. La Campana (FMNH). D, E. T. robustus. D. Malleco Prov., P. N. Contulmo (CMNH). E. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (CAS). F, G. T. canaliculus. F. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). G. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (NMNH). H-I. T. duponchelii. H. Talca Prov., Altos de Vilches (MNHN). I. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ). J, K. T. minimucro. J. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (EMEC). K. Llanquihue Prov. P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). L. T. fieldianus; Valdivia, La Union (FSCA)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354029" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6">Fig. 6J</figureCitation>
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) to a very narrow, digitiform extension (
|
||
<figureCitation id="24C9273F1C36F2D1BDC3E1F1EE8A89C5" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paired sets of left parameres (above) and right parmeres (below), ectal view, for male specimens of Tropopterus spp. Parameres are in anatomically correct orientation with ventral surface toward bottom of drawing. A, B. T. giraudyi. A. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). B. Chili, " Tropopterus nitidus Sol. " [sic], Chaudoir Coll. (MNHN). C. T. peckorum; Quillota Prov., P. N. La Campana (FMNH). D, E. T. robustus. D. Malleco Prov., P. N. Contulmo (CMNH). E. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (CAS). F, G. T. canaliculus. F. Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). G. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (NMNH). H-I. T. duponchelii. H. Talca Prov., Altos de Vilches (MNHN). I. Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ). J, K. T. minimucro. J. Cautin Prov., Bellavista (EMEC). K. Llanquihue Prov. P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). L. T. fieldianus; Valdivia, La Union (FSCA)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354029" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure6">Fig. 6K</figureCitation>
|
||
), two longer apical setae accompanied by several short setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EF571E939220003E314FEE82F1405216" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Female reproductive tract (
|
||
<emphasis id="1C3F3410EF897E7A4170C7A7EED4E9A6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1). Bursa copulatrix ovoid, expanded apically, length about 1.6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F14038F0D46AF5E4468B97031A66D875" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
greatest breadth, compressed under microslide cover slip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="361AE3CE98A08189A6E8EA73D2A84B53" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Female reproductive tract and gonocoxae of abdominal segment IX, ventral view. A. T. montagnei; Petorca Prov., Q. Tigre Zapallar, Catapilco (MNHN). Spermatheca disassociated from bursal assemblage. B. T. giraudyi; Llanquihue Prov., P. N. Vicente Perez Rosales (FMNH). C. T. robustus; Malleco Prov., M. N. Contulmo (FMNH). D. T. canaliculus; Malleco Prov., P. N. Nahuelbuta (FMNH). E. T. duponchelii; Arauco Prov., Caramavida (MCZ). F. T. minimucro; Valdivia Prov., P. N. Oncol (EMEC). For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1. Vertical scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354030" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure7">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
|
||
); spermatheca globose; spermathecal gland large, ovoid; spermathecal gland duct entering spermathecal duct basad spermathecal reservoir; basal gonocoxite 1 with apical fringe of one larger seta and one smaller seta (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13E28234BDAEA422E625647641804838" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Left gonocoxa (except where noted), ventral view, for Tropopterus spp. Specimen information is parallel to that in Figure 7 A-F. For abbreviations used to label structures see Table 1. A. T. montagnei. B. T. giraudyi. C. T. robustus. D. T. canaliculus. E. T. duponchelii. F. T. minimucro (right gonocoxa)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354031" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure8">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
|
||
); apical gonocoxite 2 broadly triangular, base moderately extended laterally, with two lateral ensiform setae, one dorsal ensiform seta, and two apical nematiform setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="56CAEEF9A4293F2542527F4C3DF73F38" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Holotype male, dissected (MCZ): PucaTrihue / Orsono Prov. / III-23-62 / CHILE Pena // dissection vial // Tropopterus / minimucro / Liebherr ♂2 / det. J.K. Liebherr 2019 // HOLOTYPE / Tropopterus / minimucro / J.K. Liebherr 2019 (black-margined red label). The geographic coordinates for the type locality are
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2D4F2BB23C5B186F30937B5B923BC426" degrees="40" direction="south" minutes="32.10" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-40.535">40°32.10'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C3A25FB6129293D97BF6BD44107D9330" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="41.53" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.69217">73°41.53'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD6A6C20F45C11F71C1A263BB1C55B00" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Paratypes: Chile:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="75494F6BF549FA135E6A746E32A62AC7" originalValue="Cautín">Cautin</normalizedToken>
|
||
Prov., Bellavista, Lago Villarrica, 39 12.55'S, 72 08.14'W, 250 m el., 8-i-2006, Will (EMEC, 4).
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2BA2E9ACBB8DB3EB47549B1F11276AE9" originalValue="Chiloé">Chiloe</normalizedToken>
|
||
Prov.,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AE79BA3E2919ED72DE26DB6115ACFBE9" originalValue="Degán">Degan</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 10.3 km E, rte. W33, lot CH2006.18.1.1,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B2B7929CEFDC0A1C1D16E3175DC56A67" degrees="42" direction="south" minutes="10.37" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-42.172832">42°10.37'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A6B0CDBDA2390693BB968CC14EF70587" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="36.72" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.612">73°36.72'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 166 m el., 18-i-2006, Will (EMEC etoh, 1), Huillinco, 5.4 km S, Rio Terahuin,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7B0AD5CE161CA8612299C5933BF470EA" degrees="42" direction="south" minutes="43.12" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-42.718666">42°43.12'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3AE0E16E750073C2F7D77A11848EC802" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="53.87" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.897835">73°53.87'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 36 m el., 22-i-2006, Will (EMEC, 2), P. N.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6E837DE21304CA75211E4E9F13FF9796" originalValue="Chiloé">Chiloe</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Cucao, lot CH2002/3.53,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="326AF0BB943BC7999725B23EC3319CFD" degrees="42" direction="south" minutes="38.47" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-42.641167">42°38.47'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="AB28CB1A437E4AFF3E7F6F49A87B73D6" degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="07.00" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-74.11667">74°07.00'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 23 m el., 20-i-2003, Will (EMEC etoh, 3). Llanquihue Prov., Lago Chapo, near SE end, km 9.9 on road to Rollizo, Valdivian rainforest on steep slope, lot 989; pyr.-fogging old logs,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BEBE9AC3E1990C2BA79B7DBF0C6D675F" degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="30.63" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-41.5105">41°30.63'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="667EED948F0D92675A98C8C13B6D540D" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="23.98" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-72.399666">72°23.98'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 385 m el., 26-i-1997, Newton & Thayer (FMNH etoh, 1), P. N. Vicente
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6E11924B4E545D89B370E3DDD1042CF8" originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
|
||
Rosales,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2A6A5F8219C1B193D6787C1150B2B66B" originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
|
||
Osorno, SW slope ca. km 11 to La Burbuja, low
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6C3CAE8D8644578ED37E481566A69A0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus dombeyi" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dombeyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F2AFA54D4F4FBD13D9FA47070598A8D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Nothofagus dombeyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
w/ mixed understory, lot 1005, FMHD #97-35, Berlese leaf and log litter,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F2DC9ECAFD34DB271EACFB246077BEBD" degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="07.91" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-41.131832">41°07.91'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="833731A72805786CEEE74383F12E8FC1" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="32.16" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-72.536">72°32.16'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1065 m el., 27-i-1997, Newton & Thayer (FMNH, 1), Ensenada, 9.2 km NE, on road to
|
||
<normalizedToken id="424D10792D10C67D1D0827F21C207021" originalValue="Petrohué">Petrohue</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Valdivian rainforest with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02A7724784B7B1360387DDD2CAAC70" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D48B07D62A76FE6C6F45AD34B45CBEBC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Nothofagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp., lot 987, pyr.-fogging old logs,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EBCD71203FCBCD0EC262E0902BB3A4EA" degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="10.20" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-41.17">41°10.20'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B4B2BD1BA74CB1964880B34309722F63" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="27.10" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-72.45167">72°27.10'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 125 m el., 28-i-1997, Newton & Thayer (FMNH etoh, 1),
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8DEE73709DC6563856C1F914A2075245" originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
|
||
Osorno, SW slope c. km 11 to La Burbuja, low
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E32F6DB4EA9B9FA10B01C03284723182" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus dombeyi" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dombeyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97DCBF680E88DB5B105F71AF90568141" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Nothofagus dombeyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
w/bamboo & shrub understory, lot 1065, pyr.-fogging old mossy logs,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="822249E4322DA2C1730774AE8542CC80" degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="07.9" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-41.131668">41°07.9'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4397BAC2BEA6F8DE493B558FB6984AEF" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-72.53333">72°32'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1090 m el., 15-xii-2002, Newton & Thayer (FMNH, 1). Osorno Prov., P. N. Puyehue, lot CH2002/3.192,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FC5DECF8DCC18D8E0857BDE90E9C17DC" degrees="40" direction="south" minutes="40.22" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-40.670334">40°40.22'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D5AC7C8674B8A3AE06EC9B47F76061FB" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="10.07" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-72.16783">72°10.07'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 300 m el., 23-i-2003, Will (EMEC etoh, 1), lot CH2002/3.187,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6F6F8872453EDB622A122C63309D1A88" degrees="40" direction="south" minutes="40.22" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-40.670334">40°40.22'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="123F807FA1B57A8CFC7D815C88941EB0" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="10.07" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-72.16783">72°10.07'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 300 m el. 23-i-2003, Will (EMEC etoh, 2), P. N. Puyehue, Anticura, Repucura Tr., lot P#85-113, FMHD #85-996, Berlese forest litter,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7A4B528C0F9E5829A0D4F7B7FB0EFDFE" degrees="40" direction="south" minutes="39.97" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-40.66617">40°39.97'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="701D220641CE4761E9D8D1D0D3A104A6" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="10.47" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-72.1745">72°10.47'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 500 m el., 6-ii-1985, S. & J. Peck (FMNH, 2),
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E9CD7F28384E1536528B805DF7743414" originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
|
||
Casablanca, E shore Lago Puyehue, Site 36, tundra-forest transition,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4989D023773AF541DC4BA97C2B976ADE" degrees="40" direction="south" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-40.733334">40°44'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BA27FFD7724BCA66BF9DE5FAFF32CC9F" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-72.166664">72°10'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1270 m el., 18-xii-1977, Ashworth, Hoganson & Mooers (NDSU, 1), Osorno,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1026ECB51527881FABBF8D86212E5774" degrees="40" direction="south" minutes="34.50" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-40.575">40°34.50'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="176F602C2E5906BB33BCC30E86AC6E2F" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="07.00" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.11667">73°07.00'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, xii-1977 (NMNH, 2). Valdivia Prov.,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EB3EE60E03C787E7207C8429897F8791" originalValue="Curiñanco">Curinanco</normalizedToken>
|
||
, road to,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="62494CDC28BAB11565EA00F7C0F3DCB7" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="42.90" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-39.715">39°42.90'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A3F91BE120931797DBD2A9EBFDAB1840" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="23.77" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.396164">73°23.77'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 112 m el., 9-xi-2008, Will (EMEC, 1), La Union, 34 km WNW, lot P#85-36, FMHD #85-921, Berlese mixed forest litter,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1F2C845C574C3B34FD27D90C9186729C" degrees="40" direction="south" minutes="15.00" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-40.25">40°15.00'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E6FFD99D1E36FF24EA657329E471997E" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="23.75" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.395836">73°23.75'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 700 m el., 17-xii-1984, S. & J. Peck (FMNH, 1), P. N. Oncol, Cerro Oncol trail, lot DRM 06-044,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D70E18A71828865BBCF75AAD91CC34D6" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="41.89" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-39.698166">39°41.89'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B3D4A1FD21112001EBF35072B243F9A6" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="18.07" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.30117">73°18.07'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 525 m el., 10-i-2006, Maddison & Will (OSAC, 1; OSAC etoh, 1), lot DRM 06.045,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DA4078EC41B4CC6BADD67BC4902F10F5" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="41.89" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-39.698166">39°41.89'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="425815C3D523525E20CECC177AC244B9" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="18.07" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.30117">73°18.07'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 500 m, 11-i-2006, Maddison & Seago (OSAC etoh, 1), Sendero Oncol,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5E3E54A96CC85294DC69675C0746FEEC" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="41.50" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-39.691666">39°41.50'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8BFECF090EF0C5C750D51FEDD334C914" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="18.25" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.30417">73°18.25'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 600 m el., 10-i-2006, Will (EMEC, 1), lot CH2006.10.i.2,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="65E6F9C02341D7D100F67D79C4FEA4FB" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="41.50" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-39.691666">39°41.50'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3A6AB67CBF88208B35FA3C6EDCBF4968" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="18.25" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.30417">73°18.25'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 600 m el., 10-i-2006 (EMEC etoh, 2),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="59BCA3100EBFD186443E47C1E13107FC" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="41.65" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-39.694168">39°41.65'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B4A155943B468DCBDAA1191F989DE39D" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="18.86" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.31433">73°18.86'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 715 m el., 12-i-2006, Will (EMEC, 8), pitfall trap,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7D3FE0979CA0473A1EA01BDCC8AD2910" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="41.55" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-39.6925">39°41.55'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="17CA6ED3E83FAB2D88D02734EB3FAD94" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="18.86" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.31433">73°18.86'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 690 m el., 10-23-i-2006, Will et al. (EMEC, 2),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="AE61820BCC255E818E9564A561B7B1BB" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="41.67" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-39.6945">39°41.67'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2889650CA965872F2731FF84F36748CB" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="18.25" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.30417">73°18.25'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 513 m el., 9-xi-2008, Will (EMEC, 2), 600 m el., 8-xi-2008, Will (EMEC, 1), Puerto Fui [sic Fuy], 14 km SE, Lago Pirehueico, Site G, Lenga Forest,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3AD045D0B02C403580E2ABE44EF9356" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus pumilio" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pumilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="31E3AE6ACBDAFFAC69A1E2B4E9238F06" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Nothofagus pumilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, standard pitfall trap, 39 58'S, 71 48'W, 1230 m el., 5-xii-1987, Ashworth, Fugiseth & Maliscke (NDSU, 1), leaf litter, photoeclector,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E07B07B4CB057EA199C8B7F096079EF4" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-39.966667">39°58'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C6D531F7F81F1BDA3568F2A68132B139" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-71.8">71°48'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1230 m el., 11-i-1988, Ashworth, Fugiseth & Maliscke (NDSU, 1), window/pitfall trap,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="AD6820F1E4B509D30561E74D2DF9CA99" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-39.966667">39°58'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FB425772360E93C2CC991445B32C00E3" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-71.8">71°48'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1230 m el., 11-i-1988, Ashworth, Fugiseth & Maliscke (NDSU, 1), standard pitfall trap,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F5427F09C870B40EC78506BD3BFB38E9" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-39.966667">39°58'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="29BC7F1DB81349F6AD8B186CBD3B9E3D" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-71.8">71°48'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1230 m el., 15-i-1988, Ashworth, Fugiseth & Maliscke (NDSU, 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="96707F3E0D957FA92EC4A3C79A4AD49E" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="EB72583B6477F17D1E673189E564CA0C" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C4E9FBC4D9925343CC1804442219E233" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
The species epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FFE573FF0DB2A431FCF4FF54C905C5F" lsidName="minimucro" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="minimucro">minimucro</taxonomicName>
|
||
describes the very small mucro on the apex of the male aedeagal median lobe, that character amply diagnosing this species. The name is to be treated as a noun.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B466ADFE4ADCED292085746415472066" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="80B4CA1EA92C9F1C5F8817791F34AE41" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70AFF921203441E7E5564D9C6C826FF9" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
All records for this species are clustered from 39°13'
|
||
<normalizedToken id="128554DC661875026CDAB0A8C4472FB8" originalValue="S–">S-</normalizedToken>
|
||
42°39'S (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E50245FAFBA894FDC1EB42AD8762CA48" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. A-I. Geographic distributions of Tropopterus spp. A. T. montagnei. B. T. giraudyi. C. T. peckorum. D. T. robustus. E. T. canaliculus. F. T. duponchelii. G. T. trisinuatus. H. T. minimucro. I. T. fieldianus. J. Geographical distributions of Tropopterus spp., labeled as per figures above, hierarchically arranged by phylogenetic relationships of the taxon cladogram, Fig. 10." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/354032" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" tableDoi="10.3897/dez.66.38022.figure9">Fig. 9H</figureCitation>
|
||
), straddling the transition between the Northern and Southern Valdivian entomofaunal provinces (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CFD05E1B7693B0CBC77D6561364C9E42" author="O'Brien, CW" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="197 - 207" refId="B53" refString="O'Brien, CW, 1971. The biogeography of Chile through entomofaunal regions. Entomological News 82: 197 - 207" title="The biogeography of Chile through entomofaunal regions." volume="82" year="1971">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D3C5764EC505728866FE05544E878D50" originalValue="O’Brien">O'Brien</normalizedToken>
|
||
1971
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Collecting sites range from 23 m elevation on Isla
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FD4A99F7905809DB68498A823C8080C0" originalValue="Chiloé">Chiloe</normalizedToken>
|
||
to 1270 m elevation in the forest-tundra transition zone on
|
||
<normalizedToken id="96D3E84A5862755C386B6A748818C983" originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
|
||
Casablanca (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2E76490958D66346370DABCCEFC51A15" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/80.6.865" author="Ashworth, AC" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="865 - 895" refId="B1" refString="Ashworth, AC, Hoganson, JW, 1987. Coleoptera bioassociations along an elevational gradient in the Lake Region of southern Chile, and comments on the postglacial development of the fauna. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 80: 865 - 895" title="Coleoptera bioassociations along an elevational gradient in the Lake Region of southern Chile, and comments on the postglacial development of the fauna." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/80.6.865" volume="80" year="1987">Ashworth and Hoganson 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Beetles have been found in Berlese siftate of mixed forest litter, leaf and log litter, and via pyrethrin fogging of old logs with or without moss. The species is broadly sympatric with the southern portion of the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A815ADD154BBC3D11C78DD79CED8D52D" lsidName="T. giraudyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="giraudyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E2A719D4E7C9A45AA1048096C9905770" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. giraudyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Moreover, both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3D7541E580857B6350BA22EEEFC4248F" lsidName="T. minimucro" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="minimucro">
|
||
<emphasis id="93312CB7211E61D8828AD8BE52699BC8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. minimucro</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="568DBC1D4F58B9D60042C2A188DF6CD9" lsidName="T. giraudyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="giraudyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CDABB7332C7061DD91A717D7C11CEAA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">T. giraudyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been collected during the same collecting events four different times, suggesting intense sympatry at both macro- and microsympatric scales. The four identical collecting series include:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="52E9626BF36108525DACE1632F5FDE29" originalValue="Cautín">Cautin</normalizedToken>
|
||
Prov., Bellavista, Lago Villarrica,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="995465DCA4801A3FD0EB8C6AC4C68DB6" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="12.55" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-39.209167">39°12.55'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="623CA7C0AEF7C6775E9FD86FEE4BE287" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="08.14" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-72.135666">72°08.14'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 250 m el., 8-i-2006, Will (EMEC); Valdivia Prov., P. N. Oncol, Mirador Pilocura, Sendero,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3FE863BB9E88923DA3DF601F2EE7F2C7" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="41.65" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-39.694168">39°41.65'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="298EDC820566FD015E6ACC7CEE3BFB36" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="18.86" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.31433">73°18.86'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 715 m el., 12-i-2006, Will (EMEC); Llanquihue Prov., P. N. Vicente
|
||
<normalizedToken id="106B885ABB9AE8226107986C95D411F6" originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
|
||
Rosales,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B7DB647B9F25DC1B4F30E76B28329F95" originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
|
||
Osorno, SW slope c. km 11 to La Burbuja, low
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4AAA65A95555F8051B4D79044087C95" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus dombeyi" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dombeyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="2072D08D88D0FD94212DB1C52762DB87" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Nothofagus dombeyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
w/bamboo & shrub understory, lot 1065, pyr.-fogging old mossy logs,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0C2E4BC1BB654B3AAFA296AAF49A07B0" degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="07.9" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-41.131668">41°07.9'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="18DEAACB87E1889970BF2848519F23BF" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-72.53333">72°32'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1090 m el., 15-xii-2002, Newton and Thayer (FMNH); and Llanquihue Prov., P. N. Vicente
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F517E7B411C19F4D08E22A05CD8BFA6F" originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
|
||
Rosales, Ensenada, 9.2 km NE on road to
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EB85F577F02F4E3F260FCC9263F99A92" originalValue="Petrohué">Petrohue</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Valdivian rainforest with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="039BA63AE557389FA896B728DBE5A467" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7E797483D360574BF92C31770B0A179" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Nothofagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp., lot 987, pyr.-fogging old logs,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="321A4FC4475E3676394FE9627E6F7676" degrees="41" direction="south" minutes="10.20" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-41.17">41°10.20'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5EFB53AC0D905D3E34A1C5A67ACA6A8D" degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="27.10" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-72.45167">72°27.10'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 125 m el., 28-i-1997, Newton and Thayer (FMNH).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="324164FC425504A78055FD7848476E58" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Tropopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tropopterus minimucro" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimucro">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D875E71E2291292FC37418F43A43A2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Tropopterus minimucro</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been collected alongside the leiodid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69864E7F15595DEEB6943AA802261E48" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Anaballetus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anaballetus chilensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C7A01119C7B788AAC340B02A1F166CF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Anaballetus chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
two times (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EAE256D3B14A9EF727FD93B952A2850D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1515/aemnp-2017-0061" author="Newton, AF" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="121 - 140" refId="B49" refString="Newton, AF, Svec, Z, Fikacek, M, 2017. A new genus and two new species of Leiodinae from Chile, with keys to world genera of Sogdini and Leiodinae from Chile and Argentina (Coleoptera: Leiodidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 57: 121 - 140" title="A new genus and two new species of Leiodinae from Chile, with keys to world genera of Sogdini and Leiodinae from Chile and Argentina (Coleoptera: Leiodidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1515/aemnp-2017-0061" volume="57" year="2017">Newton et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Chile:
|
||
<normalizedToken id="07DA3B8D0BEA407048CDF59A623E5148" originalValue="Cautín">Cautin</normalizedToken>
|
||
Prov., Bellavista, N shore Lago Villarrica, FMNH; and Chile: Valdivia Prov., La Union, 34 km WNW, FMNH).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |