298 lines
35 KiB
XML
298 lines
35 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="4A7C3446476EA9611FF8C7B0A77CE284">A taxonomic review of the genus Astrodendrum (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida, Gorgonocephalidae) with description of a new species from Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="9D4B862325D80677817482B7764C0A38">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF994176D9BBEA40FD8DD50D" ID-CoL="7NRM3" authority="Doderlein, 1911" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1911" box="[238,615,1551,1578]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="1" pageNumber="290" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF994176D9BBEA40FE76D50E" bold="true" box="[238,412,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="290">Astrodendrum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C91E66D4FF994176D8F1EA5FFD8DD50D" box="[420,615,1552,1578]" pageId="1" pageNumber="290" refId="ref9257" refString="Doderlein, L. (1911) Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte Ostasiens. Uber japanische und andere Euryalae. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, II. Suppl. - Bd., 5, 1 - 123." type="journal article">Döderlein, 1911</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="AD301B25FF994176D9C2EA19FBA7D54B" blockId="1.[151,1101,1622,1644]" box="[151,1101,1622,1644]" pageId="1" pageNumber="290">
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<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF994176D9C2EA19FE1DD54B" ID-CoL="7NRM3" authority="Doderlein, 1911: 38" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityPageNumber="38" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,503,1622,1644]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="1" pageNumber="290" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF994176D9C2EA19FECDD54B" box="[151,295,1622,1644]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="290">Astrodendrum</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="2C2E3D34FF994176D878EA19FE1DD54B" author="" box="[301,503,1622,1644]" page="38" pageId="1" pageNumber="290">
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<bibRefCitation id="C91E66D4FF994176D878EA19FE3ED54B" box="[301,468,1622,1644]" pageId="1" pageNumber="290" refId="ref9257" refString="Doderlein, L. (1911) Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte Ostasiens. Uber japanische und andere Euryalae. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, II. Suppl. - Bd., 5, 1 - 123." type="journal article">Döderlein, 1911</bibRefCitation>
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: 38
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;—
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<treatmentCitation id="2C2E3D34FF994176DB42EA19FD70D54B" author="" box="[535,666,1622,1644]" page="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="290">
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<bibRefCitation id="C91E66D4FF994176DB42EA19FD6BD54B" box="[535,641,1622,1644]" pageId="1" pageNumber="290" refId="ref9296" refString="Fell, H. B. (1960) Synoptic keys to the genera of Ophiuroidea. Zoology Publications from Victoria University of Wellington, 26, 1 - 44." type="journal article">Fell, 1960</bibRefCitation>
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: 8
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="2C2E3D34FF994176DBF1EA19FCA2D54B" author="" box="[676,840,1622,1644]" page="16" pageId="1" pageNumber="290">
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<bibRefCitation id="C91E66D4FF994176DBF1EA19FCC9D54B" box="[676,803,1622,1644]" pageId="1" pageNumber="290" refId="ref9030" refString="Baker, A. N. (1980) Euryalinid Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from Australia, New Zealand, and the south-west Pacific Ocean. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 7, 11 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1980.10423763" type="journal article">Baker, 1980</bibRefCitation>
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: 16
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 56.
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<treatmentCitation id="2C2E3D34FF994176DA2DEA19FBA3D54B" author="" box="[888,1097,1622,1644]" page="55" pageId="1" pageNumber="290">
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<bibRefCitation id="C91E66D4FF994176DA2DEA19FBCED54B" box="[888,1060,1622,1644]" pageId="1" pageNumber="290" refId="ref9532" refString="McKnight, D. G. (2000) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Basket-stars and snake-stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Euryalinida). National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Biodiversity Memoir, 115, 1 - 79." type="journal article">McKnight, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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: 55
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E59548AEFF994176D9C2EAD6FAAFD5DD" pageId="1" pageNumber="290" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="AD301B25FF994176D9C2EAD6FCACD595" blockId="1.[151,1436,1689,2038]" box="[151,838,1689,1714]" pageId="1" pageNumber="290">
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<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF994176D9C2EAD6FEDED595" bold="true" box="[151,308,1689,1714]" pageId="1" pageNumber="290">Type species:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF994176D86EEAD6FCA8D595" authority="Doderlein, 1902" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1902" box="[315,834,1689,1714]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Gorgonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="1" pageNumber="290" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sagaminus">
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<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF994176D86EEAD6FD68D596" box="[315,642,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="290">Gorgonocephalus sagaminus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C91E66D4FF994176DBDDEAD6FCA8D595" box="[648,834,1689,1714]" pageId="1" pageNumber="290" refId="ref9238" refString="Doderlein, L. (1902) Japanische Euryaliden. Zoologishcer Anzeiger, 25, 320 - 326." type="journal article">Döderlein, 1902</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AD301B25FF994176D992EAF2FAAFD5DD" blockId="1.[151,1436,1689,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="290">
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<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF994176D992EAF2FE7FD5F1" bold="true" box="[199,405,1725,1750]" pageId="1" pageNumber="290">Included species.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF994176D8CAEAF1FD14D5F1" authority="(Mortensen, 1933)" baseAuthorityName="Mortensen" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[415,766,1726,1750]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="1" pageNumber="290" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="capense">
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<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF994176D8CAEAF1FDF6D5F2" box="[415,540,1726,1749]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="290">A. capense</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="C91E66D4FF994176DB7BEAF1FD1CD5F1" box="[558,758,1726,1750]" pageId="1" pageNumber="290" refId="ref9575" refString="Mortensen, T. (1933) Echinoderms of South Africa (Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea) Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening, 93 (65), 215 - 400." type="journal article">Mortensen, 1933</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF994176DA58EAF1FBABD5F1" authority="Baker, 1974" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1974" box="[781,1089,1725,1750]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="1" pageNumber="290" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elingamita">
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<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF994176DA58EAF1FC42D5F1" box="[781,936,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="290">A. elingamita</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C91E66D4FF994176DAE7EAF2FBABD5F1" box="[946,1089,1725,1750]" pageId="1" pageNumber="290" refId="ref8993" refString="Baker, A. N. (1974) New species of brittle-stars from New Zealand (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). Records of the Dominion Museum, 8 (15), 247 - 266." type="journal article">Baker, 1974</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF994176DD05EAF1FF39D5DD" authority="A. H. Clark, 1916" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1916" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="1" pageNumber="290" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="galapagense">
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<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF994176DD05EAF1FAEAD5F1" box="[1104,1280,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="290">A. galapagense</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C91E66D4FF994176DC5EEAF1FF39D5DD" pageId="1" pageNumber="290" refId="ref9153" refString="Clark, A. H. (1916) On a new starfish and five new brittle-stars from the Galapagos Islands. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 18, 115 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931608693831" type="journal article">A. H. Clark, 1916</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF994176D988EAADFDDFD5DD" authority="(Koehler, 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[221,565,1761,1786]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="1" pageNumber="290" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laevigatum">
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<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF994176D988EAADFE93D5DD" box="[221,377,1761,1786]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="290">A. laevigatum</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="C91E66D4FF994176D8DDEAAEFDC6D5DD" box="[392,556,1761,1786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="290" refId="ref9420" refString="Koehler, R. (1897) Echinodermes recueillis par " l'Investigator " dans l'Ocean Indien. I. Les Ophiures de mer profonde. Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie, Series 8, 4, 277 - 372." type="journal article">Koehler, 1897</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF994176DB14EAADFC59D5DD" authority="(Doderlein, 1902)" baseAuthorityName="Doderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[577,947,1761,1786]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="1" pageNumber="290" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sagaminum">
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<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF994176DB14EAADFD0BD5DE" box="[577,737,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="290">A. sagaminum</emphasis>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="C91E66D4FF994176DBBAEAAEFC41D5DD" box="[751,939,1761,1786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="290" refId="ref9238" refString="Doderlein, L. (1902) Japanische Euryaliden. Zoologishcer Anzeiger, 25, 320 - 326." type="journal article">Döderlein, 1902</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF994176DAEAEAAEFB0FD5DD" authority="Okanishi & Fujita, 2018" authorityName="Okanishi & Fujita" authorityYear="2018" box="[959,1253,1761,1786]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="1" pageNumber="290" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinulosum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF994176DAEAEAAEFB0FD5DD" box="[959,1253,1761,1786]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="290">Astrodendrum spinulosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="84C87A4CFF994176DDB9EAAEFAAFD5DD" box="[1260,1349,1761,1786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="290" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF994176DDB9EAAEFAAFD5DD" bold="true" box="[1260,1349,1761,1786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="290">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="E59548AEFF994176D992EB4AFE94D4AD" pageId="1" pageNumber="290" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="AD301B25FF994176D992EB4AFE94D4AD" blockId="1.[151,1436,1689,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="290">
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||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF994176D992EB4AFE59D439" bold="true" box="[199,435,1797,1822]" pageId="1" pageNumber="290">Diagnosis emended.</emphasis>
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||
Arms five, branching. Number of arm segments less than six before first branch. No rows of calcareous plates on edge of disc margin. One madreporite situated on innermost portion of interradial lateral disc. Hooklets on aboral arms with one secondary tooth. Disc covered by variously shaped external ossicles or lacking any ossicles.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="E59548AEFF994175D992EBDAFF5FD083" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="291" pageId="1" pageNumber="290" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph id="AD301B25FF994176D992EBDAFA76D4D2" blockId="1.[151,1436,1689,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="290">
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||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF994176D992EBDAFED1D489" bold="true" box="[199,315,1941,1966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="290">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Only external ossicles of the disc have been used as a taxonomic character for
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<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF994176DD88EBDAFA96D489" box="[1245,1404,1941,1966]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="1" pageNumber="290" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF994176DD88EBDAFA96D489" box="[1245,1404,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="290">Astrodendrum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in recent taxonomic papers (
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<bibRefCitation id="C91E66D4FF994176D8ECEBF6FDADD4F5" box="[441,583,1977,2002]" pageId="1" pageNumber="290" refId="ref8993" refString="Baker, A. N. (1974) New species of brittle-stars from New Zealand (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). Records of the Dominion Museum, 8 (15), 247 - 266." type="journal article">Baker, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C91E66D4FF994176DB07EBF5FD67D4F5" box="[594,653,1978,2002]" pageId="1" pageNumber="290" refId="ref9030" refString="Baker, A. N. (1980) Euryalinid Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from Australia, New Zealand, and the south-west Pacific Ocean. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 7, 11 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1980.10423763" type="journal article">1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C91E66D4FF994176DBCFEBF6FCB3D4F5" box="[666,857,1977,2002]" pageId="1" pageNumber="290" refId="ref9532" refString="McKnight, D. G. (2000) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Basket-stars and snake-stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Euryalinida). National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Biodiversity Memoir, 115, 1 - 79." type="journal article">McKnight, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, up to now, shape, size and arrangement of the external ossicles have not been sufficiently described for any
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF994176DADEEB92FBC0D4D1" box="[907,1066,2013,2038]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="1" pageNumber="290" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF994176DADEEB92FBC0D4D1" box="[907,1066,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="290">Astrodendrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species other than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF994176DDABEB91FA7FD4D1" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1974" box="[1278,1429,2013,2038]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="1" pageNumber="290" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elingamita">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF994176DDABEB91FA7FD4D1" box="[1278,1429,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="290">A. elingamita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD301B25FF9A4175D9C2ECD7FBF4D23B" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
|
||
In this paper, the re-examination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7234A587FF9A4175DB00ECD7FD6FD397" box="[597,645,152,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF9A4175DA7DECD7FBB7D397" box="[808,1117,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF9A4175DA7DECD7FC4ED397" baseAuthorityName="Mortensen" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[808,932,152,176]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="capense">A. capense</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF9A4175DAE5ECD7FBB7D397" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1916" box="[944,1117,151,176]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="galapagense">A. galapagense</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF9A4175DDC0ECD7FADFD397" baseAuthorityName="Doderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[1173,1333,152,176]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sagaminum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF9A4175DDC0ECD7FADFD397" box="[1173,1333,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">A. sagaminum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
revealed that these characters clearly distinguish these three species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF9A4175DA3EECF3FBE8D3F2" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1974" box="[875,1026,188,213]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elingamita">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF9A4175DA3EECF3FBE8D3F2" box="[875,1026,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">A. elingamita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. No
|
||
<typeStatus id="7234A587FF9A4175DD6FECF2FB80D3F2" box="[1082,1130,189,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF9A4175DC55ECF3FA76D3F2" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[1280,1436,188,213]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laevigatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF9A4175DC55ECF3FA76D3F2" box="[1280,1436,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">A. laevigatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was examined during this study due to missing information on its deposition. However, the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF9A4175D9C2ED4BFED9D23A" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[151,307,260,285]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laevigatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF9A4175D9C2ED4BFED9D23A" box="[151,307,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">A. laevigatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mentioned that this species lacks any external ossicles on the disc.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD301B25FF9A4175D992ED68FF10D2D3" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
|
||
During study of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7234A587FF9A4175D896ED67FE19D267" box="[451,499,296,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF9A4175DBF2ED67FC05D267" box="[679,1007,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF9A4175DBF2ED67FCC0D267" baseAuthorityName="Mortensen" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[679,810,296,320]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="capense">A. capense</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF9A4175DA69ED67FC05D267" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1916" box="[828,1007,295,320]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="galapagense">A. galapagense</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF9A4175DD66ED67FB33D267" baseAuthorityName="Doderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[1075,1241,296,320]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sagaminum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF9A4175DD66ED67FB33D267" box="[1075,1241,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">A. sagaminum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
together with a comparison of previous descriptions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF9A4175DB06ED03FD00D242" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1974" box="[595,746,332,357]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elingamita">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF9A4175DB06ED03FD00D242" box="[595,746,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">A. elingamita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF9A4175DA4AED03FC2BD242" box="[799,961,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF9A4175DA4AED03FC57D242" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[799,957,332,357]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laevigatum">A. laevigatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
we found three new taxonomic characters to distinguish these three species: i) absence/presence of bulges on lateral ridges of proximal portion of the arm; ii) number of terminal projections of arm spines on proximal portion of the arm; and iii) number of secondary teeth of hook-shaped arm spines on distal portion of the arm (see also Remarks of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF9A4175DD51EDF8FAC6D2F7" authority="Okanishi & Fujita, 2018" authorityName="Okanishi & Fujita" authorityYear="2018" box="[1028,1324,439,464]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinulosum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF9A4175DD51EDF8FAC6D2F7" box="[1028,1324,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">Astrodendrum spinulosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84C87A4CFF9A4175DC62EDF8FA7ED2F7" box="[1335,1428,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF9A4175DC62EDF8FA7ED2F7" bold="true" box="[1335,1428,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; Table 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD301B25FF9A4175D992EDB0FD41D18F" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C91E66D4FF9A4175D992EDB0FE67D13F" box="[199,397,511,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" refId="ref9532" refString="McKnight, D. G. (2000) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Basket-stars and snake-stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Euryalinida). National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Biodiversity Memoir, 115, 1 - 79." type="journal article">McKnight (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated “the disc with granular external ossicles in various size” as a diagnostic character of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF9A4175D84DEE6BFE5DD11A" box="[280,439,548,573]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF9A4175D84DEE6BFE5DD11A" box="[280,439,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">Astrodendrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, as mentioned above,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF9A4175DA19EE6BFC1AD11A" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[844,1008,548,573]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laevigatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF9A4175DA19EE6BFC1AD11A" box="[844,1008,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">A. laevigatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks any external ossicles and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF9A4175DCD1EE6BFEFDD147" authority="Okanishi & Fujita, 2018" authorityName="Okanishi & Fujita" authorityYear="2018" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinulosum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF9A4175DCD1EE6BFEFDD147" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">A. spinulosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84C87A4CFF9A4175D870EE08FE6CD147" box="[293,390,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF9A4175D870EE08FE6CD147" bold="true" box="[293,390,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has conical external ossicles on the disc (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C91E66D4FF9A4175DAC1EE08FBD5D147" box="[916,1087,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" refId="ref9420" refString="Koehler, R. (1897) Echinodermes recueillis par " l'Investigator " dans l'Ocean Indien. I. Les Ophiures de mer profonde. Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie, Series 8, 4, 277 - 372." type="journal article">Koehler, 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C91E66D4FF9A4175DD07EE07FB67D147" box="[1106,1165,584,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" refId="ref9460" refString="Koehler, R. (1899) An account of the deep-sea Ophiuroidea collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator. Echinodermata of the Indian Museum, Ophiuroidea, Calcutta, 76 pp." type="book">1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; see also Remarks on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF9A4175D9C2EE23FE2BD1A2" authority="Okanishi & Fujita, 2018" authorityName="Okanishi & Fujita" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,449,620,645]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinulosum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF9A4175D9C2EE23FE2BD1A2" box="[151,449,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">Astrodendrum spinulosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84C87A4CFF9A4175D899EE23FDC0D1A2" box="[460,554,620,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF9A4175D899EE23FDC0D1A2" bold="true" box="[460,554,620,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
). Therefore, we amended this diagnostic character to “the disc covered by various shaped external ossicles or none at all”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD301B25FF9A4175D992EEFBFE27D07A" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
|
||
External features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF9A4175D8F9EEFBFD25D1EA" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[428,719,692,717]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laevigatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF9A4175D8F9EEFBFD25D1EA" box="[428,719,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">Astrodendrum laevigatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distinctive in the genus, and this species should possibly be separated from the other congeners. However, we here refrain from establishing a new genus for this species because we have not observed any
|
||
<typeStatus id="7234A587FF9A4175DB7BEEB2FDB4D032" box="[558,606,765,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF9A4175DA50EEB3FC41D032" box="[773,939,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF9A4175DA50EEB3FC4DD032" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[773,935,764,789]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laevigatum">A. laevigatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
To confirm exact taxonomic position of
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF9A4175DCD1EEB3FEF0D01F" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF9A4175DCD1EEB3FEFCD01F" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laevigatum">A. laevigatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
molecular phylogenetic study of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF9A4175DBCDEF50FCDDD01F" box="[664,823,799,824]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF9A4175DBCDEF50FCDDD01F" box="[664,823,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">Astrodendrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF9A4175DAE7EF6FFBA5D01F" baseAuthorityName="Koehler" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[946,1103,799,824]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laevigatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF9A4175DAE7EF6FFBA5D01F" box="[946,1103,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">A. laevigatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well as observation of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7234A587FF9A4175D9C2EF0AFF2DD07A" box="[151,199,837,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen are required.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD301B25FF9A4175D992EF28FF5FD083" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
|
||
This genus is widely distributed in the western Indo-Pacific to Atlantic Ocean, in a depth of
|
||
<quantity id="6A77B6C0FF9A4175DD8AEF27FAB5D058" box="[1247,1375,872,896]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.77" metricValueMax="13.14" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" unit="m" value="677.0" valueMax="1314.0" valueMin="40.0">40–1314 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF9A4175DC3AEF28FF4ED083" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox="[273,1322,208,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[194,1390,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Astrodendrum spinulosum sp. nov., A. capense, A. elingamita, A. galapagense, A. laevigatum and A. sagaminum. Red symbols indicate type localities." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195411/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |