323 lines
52 KiB
XML
323 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="1D2E4FADC2EBBF5CB8AD5520EAB517B4" ID-CLB-Dataset="30562" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4392.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dbcec4ac-cf8f-4215-a445-a63e65e0f02f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1195409" ID-ZooBank="C1A8F758-D41A-404C-A5C4-6CBC476EA324" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1520684441588" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Okanishi, Masanori & Fujita, Toshihiko" docDate="2018" docId="2526AA33FF974165D9C2EB17FD7DD787" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.43922.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4392 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Astrodendrum galapagense A. H. Clark 1916" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="307" masterDocId="D91FD24BFF984177D955EC4FFFEAD327" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic review of the genus Astrodendrum (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida, Gorgonocephalidae) with description of a new species from Japan" masterLastPageNumber="310" masterPageNumber="289" pageNumber="304" updateTime="1698529305170" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="9BF52DA024F854C7FBBE0E3CC948BB35" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="B3928901555A86C0BBEC339578A1BD0A">
|
||
<mods:title id="661C186161DD3A83ADFBF0B371783D87">A taxonomic review of the genus Astrodendrum (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Euryalida, Gorgonocephalidae) with description of a new species from Japan</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="2C43405A9C23E8B339FDF10C5CBF7E3D" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="1D95A1D25ECBB987F1CBC118B35C8CEC">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="610498C93F54F37343D379DE0B424996">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="DAFC19AF716151655B2C45A9A5D43D70">Okanishi, Masanori</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="26454425659FB74EA2B560F37388329D" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="A0093C39FBC01FE39051D8BAA1CBE4A5">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="32B11D9A54474AC934836DCD91975212">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="9682264B6C29A69F89F5B2C9C6442FB5">Fujita, Toshihiko</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="F22A88CA31692E9DA7BDB0D0F575BE76">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="2094AFC9AD3B77ADC85A1D35E240CCA9" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="64C91FD23560F5418EC270A716DAFC59">
|
||
<mods:title id="FFAB8D8153B992441204FE95E1787FFA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="EECA3138383F16EFFF4481D2322D5F6F">
|
||
<mods:date id="16B5DB6216F07863912671B918E7FF66">2018</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="3E6CCEB9C8531B3832EBD954ABE21564" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="8CE2F01F60A4468864C3584A102E6B0C">2018-03-09</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="ACC46DFC36C8810EDE336B8B3720D379" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="55D09B35019E565EFA7F1A11A4C77DC1">4392</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="BE8D5C2947540E5F3278A8233CC25FE0" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="642E2E5157C33579C62901E3A40ECDB9">2</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="A9DF85647005702DC03824363FA96FE1" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="0BD7F32372C8F90B2BF9E92B391FB665">289</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="05E5512DD612542BAE8B43893B6293BE">310</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="5859EE86047237ACB27D231FCB83C4A0">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="097D94A174D164DFFCCDF1F53A222961" type="CLB-Dataset">30562</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5CF71220296F3216D142D8942BBABE19" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4392.2.4</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="FDD6DBA31BB1D147C37ABDE89F168EC6" type="GBIF-Dataset">dbcec4ac-cf8f-4215-a445-a63e65e0f02f</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C31C3D5057C5F3F2F126457B2A929D04" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C9FD89E730574903A945E517E2010D32" type="Zenodo-Dep">1195409</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="1C40AE95FFCD759F736B88FDF850190F" type="ZooBank">C1A8F758-D41A-404C-A5C4-6CBC476EA324</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="2526AA33FF974165D9C2EB17FD7DD787" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5998503" ID-GBIF-Taxon="142212005" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5998503" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2526AA33FF974165D9C2EB17FD7DD787" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2526AA33FF974165D9C2EB17FD7DD787" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="15" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59548AEFF974178D9C2EB17FECCD4B3" pageId="15" pageNumber="304" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD301B25FF974178D9C2EB17FD2CD454" blockId="15.[151,710,1880,1940]" box="[151,710,1880,1907]" pageId="15" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<heading id="F678AC49FF974178D9C2EB17FD2CD454" bold="true" box="[151,710,1880,1907]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="304" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF974178D9C2EB17FD2CD454" ID-CoL="J488" authority="A. H. Clark, 1916" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,710,1880,1907]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="15" pageNumber="304" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="galapagense">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF974178D9C2EB17FD2CD454" bold="true" box="[151,710,1880,1907]" pageId="15" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF974178D9C2EB17FE08D455" bold="true" box="[151,482,1880,1906]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="304">Astrodendrum galapagense</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C91E66D4FF974178D8BCEB16FD2CD454" box="[489,710,1881,1907]" pageId="15" pageNumber="304" refId="ref9153" refString="Clark, A. H. (1916) On a new starfish and five new brittle-stars from the Galapagos Islands. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 18, 115 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931608693831" type="journal article">A. H. Clark, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD301B25FF974178D9C2EB34FECCD4B3" blockId="15.[151,710,1880,1940]" box="[151,294,1915,1940]" pageId="15" pageNumber="304">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF974178D9CAEB34FF1FD4B3" box="[159,245,1915,1940]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,445,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,445,1911]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Astrodendrum galapagense, holotype (USNM 38581). A, aboral disc; B, aboral central disc; C, periphery of radial shield; D, oral disc and proximal portion of the arm; E, jaws, arrowheads indicate teeth; F, oral periphery of the disc. Abbreviation: T, tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195429/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="304">Figs 10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF974178D854EB33FEF6D4B3" box="[257,284,1916,1940]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1311,1333]" captionTargetBox="[161,1419,167,1288]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,167,1301]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Astrodendrum galapagense, holotype (USNM 38581). A, interradial lateral surface of the disc; B, aboral view of the proximal portion of the arm; C, aboral view of the middle portion of the arm; D, lateral view of the distal portion of the arm; E, oral view of the proximal portion of the arm. Arrowheads indicate hooklet-bearing plate on aboral and lateral side of the arms (B–E). Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; GS, genital slit; T, tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195431/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="304">11</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59548AEFF974178D9C2EB8CFBBDD4FE" box="[151,1111,1987,2009]" pageId="15" pageNumber="304" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD301B25FF974178D9C2EB8CFBBDD4FE" blockId="15.[151,1111,1987,2009]" box="[151,1111,1987,2009]" pageId="15" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF974178D9C2EB8CFD9BD4FE" ID-CoL="J489" authority="A. H. Clark, 1916" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,625,1987,2009]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="15" pageNumber="304" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="galapagensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF974178D9C2EB8CFE58D4FE" box="[151,434,1987,2009]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="304">Astrodendrum galapagensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C91E66D4FF974178D8ECEB8BFD9BD4FE" box="[441,625,1987,2009]" pageId="15" pageNumber="304" refId="ref9153" refString="Clark, A. H. (1916) On a new starfish and five new brittle-stars from the Galapagos Islands. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 18, 115 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931608693831" type="journal article">A. H. Clark, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 117;—Döderlein, 1927. 93; Downey, 1969. 49.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59548AEFF884167D9C2ECD8FACDD3F3" pageId="16" pageNumber="305" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD301B25FF884167D9C2ECD8FACDD3F3" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="16" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1DE71178FF884167D9C2ECD8FACDD3F3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1834883968" collectingDate="1888-04-15" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="V Albatross" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" county="Pacific Ocean" elevation="717" location="Santa Cruz" municipality="Galapagos Islands" pageId="16" pageNumber="305" specimenCode="USNM 38581" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Cristobal Islands" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF884167D9C2ECD8FEA0D397" bold="true" box="[151,330,151,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<typeStatus id="7234A587FF884167D9C2ECD8FF38D397" box="[151,210,151,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="305">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="FD29B35EFF884167D803ECD7FE16D397" box="[342,508,151,176]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="305">USNM 38581</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="7234A587FF884167DB58ECD8FD98D397" box="[525,626,151,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="305" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, collected by R/
|
||
<collectorName id="007A7EF3FF884167DA63ECD7FC2AD397" box="[822,960,151,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="305">
|
||
V
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF884167DA03ECD8FC2AD397" box="[854,960,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="305">Albatross</emphasis>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
, between
|
||
<location id="A8504DFEFF884167DD68ECD7FB54D397" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2526AA33FF974165D9C2EB17FD7DD787:A8504DFEFF884167DD68ECD7FB54D397" box="[1085,1214,152,176]" country="Saint Kitts and Nevis" county="Pacific Ocean" municipality="Galapagos Islands" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="16" pageNumber="305" stateProvince="Cristobal Islands">Santa Cruz</location>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D5985BB5FF884167DDAAECD7FA76D397" box="[1279,1436,151,176]" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="16" pageNumber="305">
|
||
San
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6F4BD5C7FF884167DC60ECD8FA76D397" box="[1333,1436,151,176]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="305">Cristobal</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
Islands,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="4D54815FFF884167D9A1ECF3FE29D3F2" box="[244,451,188,213]" pageId="16" pageNumber="305">Galapagos Islands</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="445163A9FF884167D89AECF3FD84D3F3" box="[463,622,188,213]" pageId="16" pageNumber="305">Pacific Ocean</collectingCounty>
|
||
, 00˚29.00’S, 89˚54.30’W,
|
||
<elevation id="26A2FC16FF884167DACDECF3FC35D3F3" box="[920,991,188,212]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.17" pageId="16" pageNumber="305" unit="m" value="717.0">
|
||
<quantity id="6A77B6C0FF884167DACDECF3FC35D3F3" box="[920,991,188,212]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.17" pageId="16" pageNumber="305" unit="m" value="717.0">717 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
deep,
|
||
<collectingDate id="C975C40DFF884167DD7DECF3FB2FD3F3" box="[1064,1221,188,213]" pageId="16" pageNumber="305" value="1888-04-15">
|
||
<date id="D9313DE5FF884167DD7DECF3FB2FD3F3" box="[1064,1221,188,213]" pageId="16" pageNumber="305" value="1888-04-15">15 April 1888</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF884167DD80ECF3FAFCD3F3" box="[1237,1302,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox="[273,1322,208,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[194,1390,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Astrodendrum spinulosum sp. nov., A. capense, A. elingamita, A. galapagense, A. laevigatum and A. sagaminum. Red symbols indicate type localities." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195411/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="305">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59548AEFF884167D992EC90FF02D2A0" pageId="16" pageNumber="305" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD301B25FF884167D992EC90FF02D2A0" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="16" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF884167D992EC90FEABD3DF" bold="true" box="[199,321,223,248]" pageId="16" pageNumber="305">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
External ossicles on aboral disc plate-shaped on periphery and conical in center, slightly in contact or separated; external ossicles on oral disc granular, separated; external ossicles on interradial lateral disc plateshaped, slightly in contact; bulges of lateral edges of proximal portion of arms absent; 2 terminal projections on each arm spine in proximal portion of arm; single secondary tooth on each hook-shaped arm spine in distal portion of arm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="F9F04BADFF884167D9C2EBC3FE70D4F8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195429/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="305" startId="16.[151,250,1932,1954]" targetBox="[151,1423,445,1911]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD301B25FF884167D9C2EBC3FE70D4F8" blockId="16.[151,1436,1932,2015]" pageId="16" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF884167D9C2EBC3FEC8D486" bold="true" box="[151,290,1932,1954]" pageId="16" pageNumber="305">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF884167D879EBC3FDAFD485" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1916" box="[300,581,1932,1954]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="16" pageNumber="305" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="galapagense">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF884167D879EBC3FDAFD485" box="[300,581,1932,1954]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="305">Astrodendrum galapagense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype (USNM 38581). A, aboral disc; B, aboral central disc; C, periphery of radial shield; D, oral disc and proximal portion of the arm; E, jaws, arrowheads indicate teeth; F, oral periphery of the disc. Abbreviation: T, tentacle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="F9F04BADFF894166D9C2E950FC82D6B6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195431/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="306" startId="17.[151,250,1311,1333]" targetBox="[161,1419,167,1288]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD301B25FF894166D9C2E950FC82D6B6" blockId="17.[151,1436,1311,1425]" pageId="17" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF894166D9C2E950FEF4D613" bold="true" box="[151,286,1311,1333]" pageId="17" pageNumber="306">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF894166D871E950FDD1D612" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1916" box="[292,571,1311,1333]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="17" pageNumber="306" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="galapagense">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF894166D871E950FDD1D612" box="[292,571,1311,1333]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="306">Astrodendrum galapagense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype (USNM 38581). A, interradial lateral surface of the disc; B, aboral view of the proximal portion of the arm; C, aboral view of the middle portion of the arm; D, lateral view of the distal portion of the arm; E, oral view of the proximal portion of the arm. Arrowheads indicate hooklet-bearing plate on aboral and lateral side of the arms (B–E). Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; GS, genital slit; T, tentacle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59548AEFF894165D992E9F2FEB0D07B" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="17" pageNumber="306" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD301B25FF894166D992E9F2FBE4D4D5" blockId="17.[151,1437,1469,2035]" pageId="17" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF894166D992E9F2FE0CD6F1" bold="true" box="[199,486,1469,1494]" pageId="17" pageNumber="306">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="7234A587FF894166D82CE9F2FE08D6F1" box="[377,482,1469,1494]" pageId="17" pageNumber="306" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF894166D8BBE9F0FDC3D6F1" box="[494,553,1471,1494]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="306">Disc.</emphasis>
|
||
Disc five-lobed with notched interradial edges,
|
||
<quantity id="6A77B6C0FF894166DD1EE9F1FB48D6F1" box="[1099,1186,1470,1494]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="17" pageNumber="306" unit="mm" value="7.4">7.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in disc diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF894166DC3AE9F2FF21D6DD" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,445,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,445,1911]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Astrodendrum galapagense, holotype (USNM 38581). A, aboral disc; B, aboral central disc; C, periphery of radial shield; D, oral disc and proximal portion of the arm; E, jaws, arrowheads indicate teeth; F, oral periphery of the disc. Abbreviation: T, tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195429/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="306">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Radial shields tumid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF894166D8BFE9ADFD97D6DD" box="[490,637,1506,1531]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,445,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,445,1911]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Astrodendrum galapagense, holotype (USNM 38581). A, aboral disc; B, aboral central disc; C, periphery of radial shield; D, oral disc and proximal portion of the arm; E, jaws, arrowheads indicate teeth; F, oral periphery of the disc. Abbreviation: T, tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195429/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="306">Fig. 10A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Aboral disc covered by skin embedding plate-shaped and conical external ossicles, both slightly in contact or separated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF894166DA41EA4AFC95D539" box="[788,895,1541,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,445,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,445,1911]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Astrodendrum galapagense, holotype (USNM 38581). A, aboral disc; B, aboral central disc; C, periphery of radial shield; D, oral disc and proximal portion of the arm; E, jaws, arrowheads indicate teeth; F, oral periphery of the disc. Abbreviation: T, tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195429/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="306">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Plate-shaped external ossicles, approximately 140–400 µm in length at periphery of disc (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF894166DBD2EA65FCFAD565" box="[647,784,1578,1603]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,445,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,445,1911]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Astrodendrum galapagense, holotype (USNM 38581). A, aboral disc; B, aboral central disc; C, periphery of radial shield; D, oral disc and proximal portion of the arm; E, jaws, arrowheads indicate teeth; F, oral periphery of the disc. Abbreviation: T, tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195429/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="306">Fig. 10B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Conical external ossicles approximately 110–150 µm in length at center of disc (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF894166D8F3EA02FDC7D541" box="[422,557,1613,1638]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,445,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,445,1911]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Astrodendrum galapagense, holotype (USNM 38581). A, aboral disc; B, aboral central disc; C, periphery of radial shield; D, oral disc and proximal portion of the arm; E, jaws, arrowheads indicate teeth; F, oral periphery of the disc. Abbreviation: T, tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195429/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="306">Fig. 10B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Radial shields bar-like, covered by skin and external ossicles, approximately
|
||
<quantity id="6A77B6C0FF894166D9C2EA3DFF07D5AD" box="[151,237,1650,1675]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="306" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, width
|
||
<quantity id="6A77B6C0FF894166D8FBEA3DFDEED5AD" box="[430,516,1650,1674]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="306" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
distally gradually decreasing to
|
||
<quantity id="6A77B6C0FF894166DA26EA3DFC20D5AD" box="[883,970,1650,1675]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="306" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
proximally, shields, almost reaching disc center (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF894166D9B9EADAFE9CD589" box="[236,374,1685,1710]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,445,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,445,1911]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Astrodendrum galapagense, holotype (USNM 38581). A, aboral disc; B, aboral central disc; C, periphery of radial shield; D, oral disc and proximal portion of the arm; E, jaws, arrowheads indicate teeth; F, oral periphery of the disc. Abbreviation: T, tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195429/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="306">Fig. 10A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Oral surface of disc covered by skin and granular external ossicles, separated and scattered, approximately 70–100 um in length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF894166DB1DEAF5FD38D5F5" box="[584,722,1722,1747]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,445,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,445,1911]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Astrodendrum galapagense, holotype (USNM 38581). A, aboral disc; B, aboral central disc; C, periphery of radial shield; D, oral disc and proximal portion of the arm; E, jaws, arrowheads indicate teeth; F, oral periphery of the disc. Abbreviation: T, tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195429/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="306">Fig. 10D–F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Oral shields triangular,
|
||
<quantity id="6A77B6C0FF894166DAACEAF5FBB8D5F5" box="[1017,1106,1722,1747]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="306" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and height, adoral shields also triangular,
|
||
<quantity id="6A77B6C0FF894166D8CFEA92FE1BD5D1" box="[410,497,1757,1782]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="306" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="6A77B6C0FF894166DBC4EA91FD02D5D1" box="[657,744,1758,1782]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="306" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height, oral plates long, bar-like, approximately
|
||
<quantity id="6A77B6C0FF894166DC7CEA92FA6AD5D1" box="[1321,1408,1757,1782]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="306" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length at outer end and
|
||
<quantity id="6A77B6C0FF894166D8E0EB4DFDFAD43D" box="[437,528,1794,1818]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="306" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
at inner end, and
|
||
<quantity id="6A77B6C0FF894166DBBAEB4DFCDED43D" box="[751,820,1794,1818]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="306" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF894166DAEEEB4DFBC2D43D" box="[955,1064,1794,1819]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,445,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,445,1911]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Astrodendrum galapagense, holotype (USNM 38581). A, aboral disc; B, aboral central disc; C, periphery of radial shield; D, oral disc and proximal portion of the arm; E, jaws, arrowheads indicate teeth; F, oral periphery of the disc. Abbreviation: T, tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195429/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="306">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral arm plates completely concealed by thick skin and external ossicles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF894166DBE5EB6AFCF6D419" box="[688,796,1829,1854]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,445,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,445,1911]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Astrodendrum galapagense, holotype (USNM 38581). A, aboral disc; B, aboral central disc; C, periphery of radial shield; D, oral disc and proximal portion of the arm; E, jaws, arrowheads indicate teeth; F, oral periphery of the disc. Abbreviation: T, tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195429/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="306">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Uniformly acute and spiniform teeth on dental plates, approximately
|
||
<quantity id="6A77B6C0FF894166D815EB05FE22D445" box="[320,456,1866,1891]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="306" unit="mm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="6A77B6C0FF894166DB39EB05FD21D444" box="[620,715,1866,1891]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.143" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="17" pageNumber="306" unit="in" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4 to 5 in</quantity>
|
||
number (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF894166DA6CEB05FC75D445" box="[825,927,1866,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,445,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,445,1911]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Astrodendrum galapagense, holotype (USNM 38581). A, aboral disc; B, aboral central disc; C, periphery of radial shield; D, oral disc and proximal portion of the arm; E, jaws, arrowheads indicate teeth; F, oral periphery of the disc. Abbreviation: T, tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195429/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="306">Fig. 10E</figureCitation>
|
||
). One or 2 conical teeth on edge of each oral plate, approximately
|
||
<quantity id="6A77B6C0FF894166D8DBEB21FDF0D4A1" box="[398,538,1902,1926]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="306" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF894166DBF7EB22FCE7D4A1" box="[674,781,1901,1926]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,445,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,445,1911]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Astrodendrum galapagense, holotype (USNM 38581). A, aboral disc; B, aboral central disc; C, periphery of radial shield; D, oral disc and proximal portion of the arm; E, jaws, arrowheads indicate teeth; F, oral periphery of the disc. Abbreviation: T, tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195429/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="306">Fig. 10E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Interradial surface of lateral disc covered by granular external ossicles, slightly in contact, 50–150 um in length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF894166DA61EBDDFC77D48D" box="[820,925,1938,1963]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1311,1333]" captionTargetBox="[161,1419,167,1288]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,167,1301]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Astrodendrum galapagense, holotype (USNM 38581). A, interradial lateral surface of the disc; B, aboral view of the proximal portion of the arm; C, aboral view of the middle portion of the arm; D, lateral view of the distal portion of the arm; E, oral view of the proximal portion of the arm. Arrowheads indicate hooklet-bearing plate on aboral and lateral side of the arms (B–E). Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; GS, genital slit; T, tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195431/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="306">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two genital slits (
|
||
<quantity id="6A77B6C0FF894166DD29EBDDFB3ED48D" box="[1148,1236,1938,1963]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="306" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="6A77B6C0FF894166DC13EBDDFA77D48D" box="[1350,1437,1938,1962]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="306" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide) in each interradius, carrying no spinule ossicles along genital slit (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF894166DD57EBFAFB85D4E9" box="[1026,1135,1973,1998]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1311,1333]" captionTargetBox="[161,1419,167,1288]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,167,1301]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Astrodendrum galapagense, holotype (USNM 38581). A, interradial lateral surface of the disc; B, aboral view of the proximal portion of the arm; C, aboral view of the middle portion of the arm; D, lateral view of the distal portion of the arm; E, oral view of the proximal portion of the arm. Arrowheads indicate hooklet-bearing plate on aboral and lateral side of the arms (B–E). Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; GS, genital slit; T, tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195431/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="306">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Madreporite completely covered by skin and external ossicles and invisible in external view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF894166DACCEB95FBEBD4D5" box="[921,1025,2010,2035]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,445,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,445,1911]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Astrodendrum galapagense, holotype (USNM 38581). A, aboral disc; B, aboral central disc; C, periphery of radial shield; D, oral disc and proximal portion of the arm; E, jaws, arrowheads indicate teeth; F, oral periphery of the disc. Abbreviation: T, tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195429/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="306">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD301B25FF8A4165D992ECD7FB03D033" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF8A4165D992ECD7FEE0D388" box="[199,266,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">Arms.</emphasis>
|
||
Arms 5, branching at least 7 times, but further branches indeterminate because of entanglement of arms. The first branch occurs beyond disc (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF8A4165DB6BECF3FD42D3F3" box="[574,680,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,445,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,445,1911]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Astrodendrum galapagense, holotype (USNM 38581). A, aboral disc; B, aboral central disc; C, periphery of radial shield; D, oral disc and proximal portion of the arm; E, jaws, arrowheads indicate teeth; F, oral periphery of the disc. Abbreviation: T, tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195429/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
). On proximal portion of arm, the width and height approximately equal,
|
||
<quantity id="6A77B6C0FF8A4165D9B7ECAFFED1D3D0" box="[226,315,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="18" pageNumber="307" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with a concaved aboral surface and flattened oral surface. Arms tapering gradually toward arm tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF8A4165D9CAED4BFEC0D23B" box="[159,298,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,445,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,445,1911]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Astrodendrum galapagense, holotype (USNM 38581). A, aboral disc; B, aboral central disc; C, periphery of radial shield; D, oral disc and proximal portion of the arm; E, jaws, arrowheads indicate teeth; F, oral periphery of the disc. Abbreviation: T, tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195429/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">Fig. 10B–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Aboral and lateral surface covered by granular external ossicles, slightly in contact, approximately 160–400 um in length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF8A4165D8C9ED68FDEBD267" box="[412,513,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1311,1333]" captionTargetBox="[161,1419,167,1288]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,167,1301]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Astrodendrum galapagense, holotype (USNM 38581). A, interradial lateral surface of the disc; B, aboral view of the proximal portion of the arm; C, aboral view of the middle portion of the arm; D, lateral view of the distal portion of the arm; E, oral view of the proximal portion of the arm. Arrowheads indicate hooklet-bearing plate on aboral and lateral side of the arms (B–E). Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; GS, genital slit; T, tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195431/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
|
||
). On each arm segment, a row of hooklet-bearing plates, approximately 800 µm in length on aboral and lateral sides (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF8A4165DB74ED03FD62D243" box="[545,648,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1311,1333]" captionTargetBox="[161,1419,167,1288]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,167,1301]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Astrodendrum galapagense, holotype (USNM 38581). A, interradial lateral surface of the disc; B, aboral view of the proximal portion of the arm; C, aboral view of the middle portion of the arm; D, lateral view of the distal portion of the arm; E, oral view of the proximal portion of the arm. Arrowheads indicate hooklet-bearing plate on aboral and lateral side of the arms (B–E). Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; GS, genital slit; T, tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195431/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
|
||
). On middle portion of arm and subsequent distal segments, hookletbearing plates fully in contact with each other (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF8A4165DBEFED20FCA2D2AF" box="[698,840,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,445,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,445,1911]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Astrodendrum galapagense, holotype (USNM 38581). A, aboral disc; B, aboral central disc; C, periphery of radial shield; D, oral disc and proximal portion of the arm; E, jaws, arrowheads indicate teeth; F, oral periphery of the disc. Abbreviation: T, tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195429/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">Fig. 10C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hooklets have single secondary tooth. Aboral and lateral surface devoid of external ossicles and covered only by skin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF8A4165DAC7EDDBFBF0D28B" box="[914,1050,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,445,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,445,1911]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Astrodendrum galapagense, holotype (USNM 38581). A, aboral disc; B, aboral central disc; C, periphery of radial shield; D, oral disc and proximal portion of the arm; E, jaws, arrowheads indicate teeth; F, oral periphery of the disc. Abbreviation: T, tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195429/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">Fig. 10C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). On proximal portion of arm, oral surface covered by granular external ossicles, separated and scattered, 30 µm in length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF8A4165DD21EDF8FB33D2F7" box="[1140,1241,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1311,1333]" captionTargetBox="[161,1419,167,1288]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,167,1301]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Astrodendrum galapagense, holotype (USNM 38581). A, interradial lateral surface of the disc; B, aboral view of the proximal portion of the arm; C, aboral view of the middle portion of the arm; D, lateral view of the distal portion of the arm; E, oral view of the proximal portion of the arm. Arrowheads indicate hooklet-bearing plate on aboral and lateral side of the arms (B–E). Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; GS, genital slit; T, tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195431/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
|
||
). From middle to distal segments, the ossicles and only skin covering present. Throughout the arm, lateral arm plates and ventral arm plates completely concealed by skin and external ossicles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF8A4165DA67EDB0FC7CD13F" box="[818,918,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1311,1333]" captionTargetBox="[161,1419,167,1288]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,167,1301]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Astrodendrum galapagense, holotype (USNM 38581). A, interradial lateral surface of the disc; B, aboral view of the proximal portion of the arm; C, aboral view of the middle portion of the arm; D, lateral view of the distal portion of the arm; E, oral view of the proximal portion of the arm. Arrowheads indicate hooklet-bearing plate on aboral and lateral side of the arms (B–E). Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; GS, genital slit; T, tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195431/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The first to third tentacle pores with no arm spine; fourth and subsequent pores have 2 (rarely 3) arm spines. In middle to distal portion of arm, the number of arm spines consistently 2. Those on proximal portion of arm ovoid, with up to 2 terminal projections (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF8A4165DC7FEE08FA65D147" box="[1322,1423,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1311,1333]" captionTargetBox="[161,1419,167,1288]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,167,1301]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Astrodendrum galapagense, holotype (USNM 38581). A, interradial lateral surface of the disc; B, aboral view of the proximal portion of the arm; C, aboral view of the middle portion of the arm; D, lateral view of the distal portion of the arm; E, oral view of the proximal portion of the arm. Arrowheads indicate hooklet-bearing plate on aboral and lateral side of the arms (B–E). Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; GS, genital slit; T, tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195431/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Inner arm spines, approximately half length of corresponding arm segment and outer spines approximately three quarters of inner spines in length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF8A4165DB4CEEC0FD97D18F" box="[537,637,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1311,1333]" captionTargetBox="[161,1419,167,1288]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,167,1301]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Astrodendrum galapagense, holotype (USNM 38581). A, interradial lateral surface of the disc; B, aboral view of the proximal portion of the arm; C, aboral view of the middle portion of the arm; D, lateral view of the distal portion of the arm; E, oral view of the proximal portion of the arm. Arrowheads indicate hooklet-bearing plate on aboral and lateral side of the arms (B–E). Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; GS, genital slit; T, tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195431/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Those of middle portion of arm cylindrical, carrying 2 acute terminal projections, both inner and outer spines almost the same length as corresponding arm segment. Those of distal portion of arms transforming into hook, carrying single secondary tooth. Inner spines approximately half length of corresponding arm segment, and outer spines approximately half length of outer spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF8A4165DD20EEB3FB36D033" box="[1141,1244,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1311,1333]" captionTargetBox="[161,1419,167,1288]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,167,1301]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Astrodendrum galapagense, holotype (USNM 38581). A, interradial lateral surface of the disc; B, aboral view of the proximal portion of the arm; C, aboral view of the middle portion of the arm; D, lateral view of the distal portion of the arm; E, oral view of the proximal portion of the arm. Arrowheads indicate hooklet-bearing plate on aboral and lateral side of the arms (B–E). Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; GS, genital slit; T, tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195431/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD301B25FF8A4165D992EF50FEB0D07B" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF8A4165D992EF50FEE7D01F" box="[199,269,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">Color.</emphasis>
|
||
Aboral surfaces uniformly brown, radial shields exceptionally white (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF8A4165DD76EF50FB66D01F" box="[1059,1164,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,445,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,445,1911]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Astrodendrum galapagense, holotype (USNM 38581). A, aboral disc; B, aboral central disc; C, periphery of radial shield; D, oral disc and proximal portion of the arm; E, jaws, arrowheads indicate teeth; F, oral periphery of the disc. Abbreviation: T, tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195429/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
), oral surface uniformly white (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF8A4165D9B1EF0BFEA7D07B" box="[228,333,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,445,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,445,1911]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Astrodendrum galapagense, holotype (USNM 38581). A, aboral disc; B, aboral central disc; C, periphery of radial shield; D, oral disc and proximal portion of the arm; E, jaws, arrowheads indicate teeth; F, oral periphery of the disc. Abbreviation: T, tentacle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195429/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59548AEFF8A4165D992EF28FCE7D082" pageId="18" pageNumber="307" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD301B25FF8A4165D992EF28FCE7D082" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF8A4165D992EF28FE8AD0A7" bold="true" box="[199,352,871,896]" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D5985BB5FF8A4165D832EF27FD40D0A7" box="[359,682,872,896]" name="Ecuador" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">REPUBLIC OF ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Between Santa Cruz and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D5985BB5FF8A4165DA9BEF27FB8CD0A7" box="[974,1126,871,896]" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">San Cristobal</collectingCountry>
|
||
Islands,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6F4BD5C7FF8A4165DD9CEF28FA72D0A7" box="[1225,1432,871,896]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">Galapagos Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="6A77B6C0FF8A4165D9C2EFC3FF34D083" box="[151,222,908,932]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.17" pageId="18" pageNumber="307" unit="m" value="717.0">717 m</quantity>
|
||
depth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="35B407A0FF8A4165D867EFC3FE98D083" box="[306,370,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox="[273,1322,208,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[194,1390,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Astrodendrum spinulosum sp. nov., A. capense, A. elingamita, A. galapagense, A. laevigatum and A. sagaminum. Red symbols indicate type localities." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1195411/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<typeStatus id="7234A587FF8A4165D8D9EFC3FE2CD083" box="[396,454,908,932]" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C91E66D4FF8A4165DB61EFC3FCEBD082" box="[564,769,908,933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="307" refId="ref9153" refString="Clark, A. H. (1916) On a new starfish and five new brittle-stars from the Galapagos Islands. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 18, 115 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931608693831" type="journal article">A. H. Clark, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E59548AEFF8A4165D992EFE0FD7DD787" pageId="18" pageNumber="307" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="AD301B25FF8A4165D992EFE0FD7DD787" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF8A4165D992EFE0FED1D0EF" bold="true" box="[199,315,943,968]" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF8A4165D814EFE0FD9FD0EF" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1916" box="[321,629,943,968]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="307" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="galapagense">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF8A4165D814EFE0FD9FD0EF" box="[321,629,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">Astrodendrum galapagense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from its congeners in having plate-shaped external ossicles, while the other five species lack plate-shaped ossicles on aboral surface of the disc.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF8A4165DD85EF9BFA6AD0CA" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1916" box="[1232,1408,980,1005]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="307" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="galapagense">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF8A4165DD85EF9BFA6AD0CA" box="[1232,1408,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">A. galapagense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unique in having a maximum of two terminal projections on the proximal portion of the arm; The number of projections is three in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF8A4165D8F5E853FDF7D713" baseAuthorityName="Mortensen" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[416,541,1052,1076]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="307" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="capense">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF8A4165D8F5E853FDF7D713" box="[416,541,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">A. capense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF8A4165DB09E853FD1DD712" baseAuthorityName="Baker" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[604,759,1052,1077]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="307" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elingamita">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF8A4165DB09E853FD1DD712" box="[604,759,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">A. elingamita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<quantity id="6A77B6C0FF8A4165DA68E853FC86D712" box="[829,876,1052,1077]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="18" pageNumber="307" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF8A4165DA22E853FBF1D713" baseAuthorityName="Doderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[887,1051,1052,1076]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="307" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sagaminum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF8A4165DA22E853FBF1D713" box="[887,1051,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">A. sagaminum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF8A4165DD0FE853FB16D712" authority="Okanishi & Fujita, 2018" authorityName="Okanishi & Fujita" authorityYear="2018" box="[1114,1276,1052,1077]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="307" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinulosum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF8A4165DD0FE853FB16D712" box="[1114,1276,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">A. spinulosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="84C87A4CFF8A4165DC5DE853FA8FD712" box="[1288,1381,1052,1077]" pageId="18" pageNumber="307" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF8A4165DC5DE853FA8FD712" bold="true" box="[1288,1381,1052,1077]" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The maximum number of secondary teeth of hook-shaped external ossicles of distal portion of the arms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF8A4165DCD1E80FFECED75A" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1916" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="307" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="galapagense">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF8A4165DCD1E80FFECED75A" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">A. galapagense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is one;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF8A4165D8D2E82BFDEED75B" baseAuthorityName="Mortensen" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[391,516,1124,1148]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="307" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="capense">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF8A4165D8D2E82BFDEED75B" box="[391,516,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">A. capense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF8A4165DB17E82BFD0CD75B" baseAuthorityName="Doderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[578,742,1124,1148]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="307" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sagaminum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF8A4165DB17E82BFD0CD75B" box="[578,742,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">A. sagaminum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have two, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF8A4165DACAE82BFBD0D75A" baseAuthorityName="Baker" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[927,1082,1124,1149]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="307" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elingamita">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF8A4165DACAE82BFBD0D75A" box="[927,1082,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">A. elingamita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF8A4165DD22E82BFAF3D75A" authorityName="Okanishi & Fujita" authorityYear="2018" box="[1143,1305,1124,1149]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="307" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinulosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF8A4165DD22E82BFAF3D75A" box="[1143,1305,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">A. spinulosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have three (Table 1, see also remarks for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A8F60A6FF8A4165D8BCE8C7FD6DD787" authorityName="Okanishi & Fujita" authorityYear="2018" box="[489,647,1159,1184]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrodendrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="18" pageNumber="307" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinulosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="9FFBC737FF8A4165D8BCE8C7FD6DD787" box="[489,647,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="307">A. spinulosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |