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<document id="F4ABE0997E75532976C0E2406332BCB1" ID-CLB-Dataset="21082" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2014.953223" ID-GBIF-Dataset="43dd072d-56b0-4454-80a7-591d5efcc4d3" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4003950" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1598534233528" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Li, LongFeng &amp; Shih, ChungKun" docDate="2014" docId="03A1D975FFD1246D1086FDB4C8916E2D" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.49.13-14.829-840.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 49 (13)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:210803DF447D5DCB84349979EDD3507F.6:JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="210803DF447D5DCB84349979EDD3507F" docStyleName="JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Praeaulacus obtutus Li, Shih &amp; Ren 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="834" masterDocId="FF98A10DFFD324681130FFF8CA216C32" masterDocTitle="Two new fossil wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apocrita) from northeastern China" masterLastPageNumber="840" masterPageNumber="829" pageNumber="831" updateTime="1698845550477" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="020AA2E1EAD6F4F8516FE90667C82291">
<mods:title id="919A01D873D7E3056F25B40F609B44B7">Two new fossil wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apocrita) from northeastern China</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="39D7A1EE90E8D9671BD50455D906A504" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E98A12A918D6B9D04B29C26F90A68C1F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="03CC75FC7DDBBE29C9CEC44B56253650">Li, LongFeng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7258D1E19C337024A21BE20B40990A28">Shih, ChungKun</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="3F6023F9A91B324367741745BC7ACCBF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2E511B34D32B96A32B79C1236819833E">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="EE6294DB23EEB9272CEAD567DBA04813">
<mods:date id="9D0FBC4D6FFE3819C27DEF81B3E5952D">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F99A0BD1164615DD91C1022FB336E8DF">2014-08-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="6554E7144431861D9F5A1558C70138D1" type="volume">
<mods:number id="621D0D1C43A92F3C4F82C782F5250336">49</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="4405D2D105C37C95B08C7CD8BEE573BE">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="0700E98DCD02CA0BBDC5CB0D74B4D561" type="CLB-Dataset">21082</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B4C827202A1CAE04DD074DD7B3B13519" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2014.953223</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="57DF86AE5EC79B662B58B7946AAE4B70" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4B26BF521913339449A43E5B1C5DA129" type="Zenodo-Dep">4003950</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A1D975FFD1246D1086FDB4C8916E2D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4328420" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167371123" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4328420" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A1D975FFD1246D1086FDB4C8916E2D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A1D975FFD1246D1086FDB4C8916E2D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="834" pageId="2" pageNumber="831">
<subSubSection id="C3123BE8FFD1246A1086FDB4C9906E56" box="[438,945,588,612]" pageId="2" pageNumber="831" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD1246A1086FDB4C9906E56" blockId="2.[438,945,588,644]" box="[438,945,588,612]" pageId="2" pageNumber="831">
<heading id="D0FFDF0FFFD1246A1086FDB4C9906E56" box="[438,945,588,612]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="831" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFD1246A1086FDB4C96F6E56" authority="Li, Shih &amp; Ren" authorityName="Li, Shih &amp; Ren" authorityYear="2014" box="[438,846,588,612]" class="Insecta" family="Praeaulacidae" genus="Praeaulacus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="831" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtutus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97CB471FFD1246A1086FDB4C8B76E56" bold="true" box="[438,662,588,612]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="831">Praeaulacus obtutus</emphasis>
Li, Shih &amp; Ren
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24F090AFFD1246A1267FDB5C9906E56" box="[855,945,589,612]" pageId="2" pageNumber="831" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3123BE8FFD1246A1357FD94C9216EB6" box="[615,768,620,644]" pageId="2" pageNumber="831" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD1246A1357FD94C9216EB6" blockId="2.[438,945,588,644]" box="[615,768,620,644]" pageId="2" pageNumber="831">
(
<figureCitation id="133374E6FFD1246A1340FD94C8FB6EB6" box="[624,730,620,644]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[212,279,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,794,1513]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[212,1172,794,1513]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Praeaulacus obtutus sp. nov., photographs of holotype CNU-HYM-NN-2012039p/c. (A) Part (CNU-HYM-NN-2012039p); (B) counterpart (CNU-HYM-NN-2012039c); (C) wings of counterpart (with alcohol); (D) head and thorax of part (with alcohol); (E) head and thorax of counterpart. pro, pronotum; me, mesonotum; mm, mesoscutellum; met, metanotum; pm, propodeum; hc, hind coxa. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4003952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4003952/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="831">Figures 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133374E6FFD1246A13DAFD94C8D66EB6" box="[746,759,620,644]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[144,211,1076,1098]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,168,1044]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[144,1104,168,1044]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Praeaulacus obtutus sp. nov. line drawings of holotype. (A) Body with wings (CNU- HYM-NN-2012039p); (B) body with wings (CNU-HYM-NN-2012039c); (C) forewings of counterpart; (D) hind wing of counterpart. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4003954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4003954/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="831">2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7738EBFFD1246A11E4F9F0C8986AA0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4003952" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4003952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4003952/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="831" startId="2.[212,279,1544,1566]" targetBox="[212,1172,794,1513]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD1246A11E4F9F0C8986AA0" blockId="2.[212,1172,1544,1682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="831">
Figure 1.
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFD1246A100BF9F0C8226A2F" authority="Li &amp; Shih, 2014" authorityName="Li &amp; Shih" authorityYear="2014" box="[315,515,1544,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Praeaulacidae" genus="Praeaulacus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="831" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtutus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97CB471FFD1246A100BF9F0C8226A2F" box="[315,515,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="831">Praeaulacus obtutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24F090AFFD1246A133AF9F0C87D6A2F" box="[522,604,1544,1565]" pageId="2" pageNumber="831" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, photographs of holotype CNU-HYM-NN-2012039p/c. (A) Part (CNU-HYM-NN-2012039p); (B) counterpart (CNU-HYM-NN-2012039c); (C) wings of counterpart (with alcohol); (D) head and thorax of part (with alcohol); (E) head and thorax of counterpart. pro, pronotum; me, mesonotum; mm, mesoscutellum; met, metanotum; pm, propodeum; hc, hind coxa. Scale bars = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7738EBFFD0246B11A0FBCCC93668B6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4003954" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4003954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4003954/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="832" startId="3.[144,211,1076,1098]" targetBox="[144,1104,168,1044]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD0246B11A0FBCCC93668B6" blockId="3.[144,1104,1076,1157]" pageId="3" pageNumber="832">
Figure 2.
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFD0246B11C8FBCCCBE1687B" authority="Li &amp; Shih, 2014" authorityName="Li &amp; Shih" authorityYear="2014" box="[248,448,1076,1097]" class="Insecta" family="Praeaulacidae" genus="Praeaulacus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="832" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtutus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97CB471FFD0246B11C8FBCCCBE1687B" box="[248,448,1076,1097]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="832">Praeaulacus obtutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24F090AFFD0246B10F7FBCDC8396878" box="[455,536,1077,1098]" pageId="3" pageNumber="832" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
line drawings of holotype. (A) Body with wings (CNU- HYM-NN-2012039p); (B) body with wings (CNU-HYM-NN-2012039c); (C) forewings of counterpart; (D) hind wing of counterpart. Scale bars = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3123BE8FFD0246B11A0FB1CCBF56976" pageId="3" pageNumber="832" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD0246B11A0FB1CCB2868CE" blockId="3.[144,1103,1252,1348]" box="[144,265,1252,1276]" pageId="3" pageNumber="832">
<heading id="D0FFDF0FFFD0246B11A0FB1CCB2868CE" box="[144,265,1252,1276]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="832" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B97CB471FFD0246B11A0FB1CCB2868CE" box="[144,265,1252,1276]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="832">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD0246B11A0FAF4CBF56976" blockId="3.[144,1103,1252,1348]" pageId="3" pageNumber="832">
The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFD0246B13EEFAF4C90F6916" authorityName="Li &amp; Shih" authorityYear="2014" box="[734,814,1292,1316]" class="Insecta" family="Praeaulacidae" genus="Praeaulacus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="832" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtutus">
<emphasis id="B97CB471FFD0246B13EEFAF4C90F6916" box="[734,814,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="832">obtutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(contemplation), indicating the posture of this wasp.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3123BE8FFD0246B11A0FA61C8436ABF" pageId="3" pageNumber="832" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD0246B11A0FA61CAD36983" blockId="3.[144,847,1433,1497]" box="[144,242,1433,1457]" pageId="3" pageNumber="832">
<heading id="D0FFDF0FFFD0246B11A0FA61CAD36983" box="[144,242,1433,1457]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="832" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B97CB471FFD0246B11A0FA61CAD36983" box="[144,242,1433,1457]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="832">Material</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD0246B11A0FA39C96E69EA" blockId="3.[144,847,1433,1497]" box="[144,847,1473,1497]" pageId="3" pageNumber="832">
<materialsCitation id="3B60623EFFD0246B11A0FA39C96A69EA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2849228302" box="[144,843,1473,1497]" pageId="3" pageNumber="832" specimenCode="CNU-HYM-NN-2012039" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54B3D6C1FFD0246B11A0FA39CADB69EB" box="[144,250,1473,1497]" pageId="3" pageNumber="832" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="DBAEC018FFD0246B1032FA39C80D69EB" box="[258,556,1473,1497]" pageId="3" pageNumber="832">CNU-HYM-NN-2012039</specimenCode>
p/c, part and counterpart
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD0246B11A0F9D6CB566A74" blockId="3.[144,1103,1582,1677]" box="[144,375,1582,1606]" pageId="3" pageNumber="832">
<heading id="D0FFDF0FFFD0246B11A0F9D6CB566A74" box="[144,375,1582,1606]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="832" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B97CB471FFD0246B11A0F9D6CB566A74" box="[144,375,1582,1606]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="832">Locality and horizon</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD0246B11A0F9ADC8436ABF" blockId="3.[144,1103,1582,1677]" pageId="3" pageNumber="832">
Jiulongshan Formation, Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County,
<collectingRegion id="49CCA681FFD0246B11A0F98ECB666ABF" box="[144,327,1653,1677]" country="China" name="Nei Mongol" pageId="3" pageNumber="832">Inner Mongolia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F31F28F3FFD0246B1063F98DCBBB6ABF" box="[339,410,1653,1677]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="832">China</collectingCountry>
; Middle Jurassic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3123BE8FFD7246C11E4FF51CE556D95" pageId="4" pageNumber="833" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD7246C11E4FF51CB616CF2" blockId="4.[212,1172,169,424]" box="[212,320,169,192]" pageId="4" pageNumber="833">
<heading id="D0FFDF0FFFD7246C11E4FF51CB616CF2" box="[212,320,169,192]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="833" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B97CB471FFD7246C11E4FF51CB616CF2" box="[212,320,169,192]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="833">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD7246C11E4FF28CE556D95" blockId="4.[212,1172,169,424]" pageId="4" pageNumber="833">Antenna longer than mesosoma. Mesosoma short and stout; pronotum comparatively long; mesonotum not very long, combination of pronotum and mesonotum transversely ridged and nearly arched. Forewing with first abscissa of Rs (1-Rs) shorter than its distance to pterostigma; 2r-rs meeting Rs basad of 2r-m and slightly shorter than the maximal width of 2rm; 3rm shorter than 2rm, with 3r-m bending; 2rm in contact with 1mcu by a short section of M; cu-a interstitial. Hind wing with M and Cu possessing free ends; cu-a strongly oblique, meeting Cu distad of M + Cu fork. Hind legs very long.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3123BE8FFD7246C11E4FE0CC85669A2" pageId="4" pageNumber="833" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD7246C11E4FE0CCB726E39" blockId="4.[212,1172,500,1424]" box="[212,339,500,523]" pageId="4" pageNumber="833">
<heading id="D0FFDF0FFFD7246C11E4FE0CCB726E39" box="[212,339,500,523]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="833" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B97CB471FFD7246C11E4FE0CCB726E39" box="[212,339,500,523]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="833">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD7246C11E4FDE3CB416E41" blockId="4.[212,1172,500,1424]" pageId="4" pageNumber="833">
A wasp in lateral view; body and wings well preserved; forewing, hind wing and metasoma partially overlapping, but the venation mostly discernible with alcohol (
<figureCitation id="133374E6FFD7246C11ECFDA3CB716E41" box="[220,336,603,627]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[212,279,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,794,1513]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[212,1172,794,1513]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Praeaulacus obtutus sp. nov., photographs of holotype CNU-HYM-NN-2012039p/c. (A) Part (CNU-HYM-NN-2012039p); (B) counterpart (CNU-HYM-NN-2012039c); (C) wings of counterpart (with alcohol); (D) head and thorax of part (with alcohol); (E) head and thorax of counterpart. pro, pronotum; me, mesonotum; mm, mesoscutellum; met, metanotum; pm, propodeum; hc, hind coxa. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4003952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4003952/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="833">Figure 1C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD7246C11CEFD83C9B56FC3" blockId="4.[212,1172,500,1424]" pageId="4" pageNumber="833">
Body
<quantity id="4CF0C586FFD7246C1071FD83CBB66EA0" box="[321,407,635,659]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="833" unit="mm" value="6.2">6.2 mm</quantity>
long; head medium-sized,
<quantity id="4CF0C586FFD7246C13F2FD83C9366EA0" box="[706,791,635,659]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="833" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="4CF0C586FFD7246C12B8FD83C9FF6EA0" box="[904,990,635,659]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="833" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
high, with large eyes and irregular oval-shape; antenna, longer than mesosoma, with 16 antennomeres, as preserved and
<quantity id="4CF0C586FFD7246C1045FD42CBEB6EE0" box="[373,458,698,722]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="833" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="133374E6FFD7246C1321FD42C8826EE0" box="[529,675,698,722]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[212,279,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,794,1513]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[212,1172,794,1513]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Praeaulacus obtutus sp. nov., photographs of holotype CNU-HYM-NN-2012039p/c. (A) Part (CNU-HYM-NN-2012039p); (B) counterpart (CNU-HYM-NN-2012039c); (C) wings of counterpart (with alcohol); (D) head and thorax of part (with alcohol); (E) head and thorax of counterpart. pro, pronotum; me, mesonotum; mm, mesoscutellum; met, metanotum; pm, propodeum; hc, hind coxa. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4003952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4003952/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="833">Figure 1A, B</figureCitation>
); mesosoma stout,
<quantity id="4CF0C586FFD7246C124BFD42C9EE6EE0" box="[891,975,698,722]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="833" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
long and 2.0 mm high (
<figureCitation id="133374E6FFD7246C1024FD22CB8C6EC0" box="[276,429,730,754]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[212,279,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,794,1513]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[212,1172,794,1513]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Praeaulacus obtutus sp. nov., photographs of holotype CNU-HYM-NN-2012039p/c. (A) Part (CNU-HYM-NN-2012039p); (B) counterpart (CNU-HYM-NN-2012039c); (C) wings of counterpart (with alcohol); (D) head and thorax of part (with alcohol); (E) head and thorax of counterpart. pro, pronotum; me, mesonotum; mm, mesoscutellum; met, metanotum; pm, propodeum; hc, hind coxa. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4003952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4003952/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="833">Figure 1 D, E</figureCitation>
); pronotum, mesonotum, mesoscutellum, metanotum, propodeum, mesopleuron and hind coxa are clearly discernible (
<figureCitation id="133374E6FFD7246C1200FD02C9FA6F20" box="[816,987,762,786]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[212,279,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,794,1513]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[212,1172,794,1513]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Praeaulacus obtutus sp. nov., photographs of holotype CNU-HYM-NN-2012039p/c. (A) Part (CNU-HYM-NN-2012039p); (B) counterpart (CNU-HYM-NN-2012039c); (C) wings of counterpart (with alcohol); (D) head and thorax of part (with alcohol); (E) head and thorax of counterpart. pro, pronotum; me, mesonotum; mm, mesoscutellum; met, metanotum; pm, propodeum; hc, hind coxa. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4003952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4003952/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="833">Figure 1 D, E</figureCitation>
); the pronotum comparatively long; mesonotum not very long, the combine of pronotum and mesonotum transversely ridged and nearly arched; the mesoscutellum nearly as long and wide as metanotum; propodeum short, but broad in profile aspect; metasoma is
<quantity id="4CF0C586FFD7246C1534FCA2CE7B6F40" box="[1028,1114,858,882]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="833" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
long with first segment petiole-like (
<quantity id="4CF0C586FFD7246C1302FC82C8A86FA3" box="[562,649,890,914]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="833" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="4CF0C586FFD7246C1231FC82C9796FA3" box="[769,856,890,914]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="833" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
maximal width); propodeal foramen attached high on propodeum and much closer to metanotum than to hind coxa; hind legs very long, the lengths (in mm) of hind leg, coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia and the 1st to 5th tarsus: 0.7: 0.3: 1.4: 2.3: 0.4: 0.4: 0.2: 0.2 (
<figureCitation id="133374E6FFD7246C123CFC21C9A56FC3" box="[780,900,985,1009]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[212,279,1544,1566]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,794,1513]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[212,1172,794,1513]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Praeaulacus obtutus sp. nov., photographs of holotype CNU-HYM-NN-2012039p/c. (A) Part (CNU-HYM-NN-2012039p); (B) counterpart (CNU-HYM-NN-2012039c); (C) wings of counterpart (with alcohol); (D) head and thorax of part (with alcohol); (E) head and thorax of counterpart. pro, pronotum; me, mesonotum; mm, mesoscutellum; met, metanotum; pm, propodeum; hc, hind coxa. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4003952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4003952/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="833">Figure 1 A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD7246C11CEFC01CEB56922" blockId="4.[212,1172,500,1424]" pageId="4" pageNumber="833">
Forewing
<quantity id="4CF0C586FFD7246C105EFC01CBE16823" box="[366,448,1017,1041]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="833" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="4CF0C586FFD7246C131AFC01C85C6823" box="[554,637,1017,1041]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="833" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
wide, with first abscissa of Rs (1-Rs) shorter than that of M (1-M), also shorter than its distance to pterostigma, measurements (in mm) of 1-Rs, 1-M, and the distance from 1-Rs to pterostigma about 0.2: 0.3: 0.5; vein 2r-rs arising from pterostigma about its basal one-half length, slightly shorter than the maximal width of cell 2rm and meeting Rs considerably basad of 2r-m; vein 2r-m nearly straight and 3r-m slightly bending; cell 2rm longer than 3rm, the latter wider than 2rm; cell 1mcu nearly parallelogrammic, about twice as long as wide; vein 2m-cu meeting 3rm at one-fifth of its posterior margin; cell 2mcu 1.5 times as broad as 1mcu and 1.4 times as long as 1mcu; vein cu-a interstitial and longer than 1-M, 2cu-a about half as long as cu-a.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD7246C11CEFAE0C85669A2" blockId="4.[212,1172,500,1424]" pageId="4" pageNumber="833">
Hind wing
<quantity id="4CF0C586FFD7246C10B4FAE0CBFD6902" box="[388,476,1304,1328]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="833" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="4CF0C586FFD7246C1368FAE0C8906902" box="[600,689,1304,1328]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="833" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
wide as preserved, with r-m straight and about 0.7 times as long as 1-Rs; the first section of M (1-M) nearly straight, 2.5 times as long as r-m; vein cu-a strongly oblique, meeting Cu beyond the forking of M + Cu into M and Cu; anal vein A present.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3123BE8FFD7246D11E4FA24C8916E2D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="834" pageId="4" pageNumber="833" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD7246C11E4FA24CB1769C6" blockId="4.[212,1172,1500,1691]" box="[212,310,1500,1524]" pageId="4" pageNumber="833">
<heading id="D0FFDF0FFFD7246C11E4FA24CB1769C6" box="[212,310,1500,1524]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="833" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B97CB471FFD7246C11E4FA24CB1769C6" box="[212,310,1500,1524]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="833">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD7246D11E4F9FCC9F46D4D" blockId="4.[212,1172,1500,1691]" lastBlockId="5.[144,1104,168,543]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="834" pageId="4" pageNumber="833">
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFD7246C11E4F9FCCB9A6A2E" authority="Li &amp; Shih, 2014" authorityName="Li &amp; Shih" authorityYear="2014" box="[212,443,1540,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Praeaulacidae" genus="Praeaulacus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="833" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtutus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97CB471FFD7246C11E4F9FCCB9A6A2E" box="[212,443,1540,1564]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="833">Praeaulacus obtutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24F090AFFD7246C10F4F9FCC8016A29" box="[452,544,1540,1563]" pageId="4" pageNumber="833" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFD7246C13FFF9FCC9506A2E" authorityName=", Rasnitsyn" authorityYear="1972" box="[719,881,1540,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Praeaulacidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="833" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Praeaulacidae</taxonomicName>
based on a combination of forewing and body characters: medial mesonotal suture well developed, forewing venation with most of the main veins and metasoma attached high. It is attributed to
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFD7246C1043F99BC8346A49" authorityName="Rasnitsyn" authorityYear="1972" box="[371,533,1635,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Ephialtitidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="833" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Praeaulacinae">Praeaulacinae</taxonomicName>
based on several characters: antenna with more than 15 antennomeres, mesonotum transversely ridged, forewing with 2r-m, 3r-m and 2m-cu present, cu-a interstitial, and 1r-rs and 2A absent, hind wing with R strong and reaching apex of Rs.
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFD6246D10F6FF30C8496CD2" authorityName=", Rasnitsyn" authorityYear="1972" box="[454,616,200,224]" class="Insecta" family="Praeaulacidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="834" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Praeaulacidae</taxonomicName>
is a paraphyletic group in respect to the other
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFD6246D11E7FF10CB7F6D32" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[215,350,232,256]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="830" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Evanioidea">Evanioidea</taxonomicName>
. All the clade of
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFD6246D131FFF10C8936D32" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[559,690,232,256]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="830" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Evanioidea">Evanioidea</taxonomicName>
is synapomorphic in having upper attachment of metasoma on the propodeum, which is closed below the attachment foramen.
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFD6246D107BFED0CBCC6D72" authorityName=", Rasnitsyn" authorityYear="1972" box="[331,493,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Praeaulacidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="834" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Praeaulacidae</taxonomicName>
other than
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFD6246D13B3FED0C9266D72" authority="Li &amp; Shih, 2014" authorityName="Li &amp; Shih" authorityYear="2014" box="[643,775,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Praeaulacidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="840" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" status="subfam. nov." subFamily="Nevaniinae">Nevaniinae</taxonomicName>
are synapomorphic in lost 2A vein and a1-a2 crossvein,
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFD6246D1330FEB0C8A56D52" authority="Li &amp; Shih, 2014" authorityName="Li &amp; Shih" authorityYear="2014" box="[512,644,328,352]" class="Insecta" family="Praeaulacidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="840" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" status="subfam. nov." subFamily="Nevaniinae">Nevaniinae</taxonomicName>
is synapomorphic in having two-segmented petiole, but
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFD6246D10B0FE9FC8036D4D" authorityName=", Rasnitsyn" authorityYear="1972" box="[384,546,359,383]" class="Insecta" family="Praeaulacidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="834" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Praeaulacidae</taxonomicName>
as a whole has no synapomorphies.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB76863FFD6246D118AFE70C8916E2D" blockId="5.[144,1104,168,543]" pageId="5" pageNumber="834">
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFD6246D118AFE70CBBF6D92" authority="Li &amp; Shih, 2014" authorityName="Li &amp; Shih" authorityYear="2014" box="[186,414,392,416]" class="Insecta" family="Praeaulacidae" genus="Praeaulacus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="834" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtutus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97CB471FFD6246D118AFE70CBBF6D92" box="[186,414,392,416]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="834">Praeaulacus obtutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24F090AFFD6246D109BFE70C8286DAD" box="[427,521,392,415]" pageId="5" pageNumber="834" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C0813E0FFD6246D1241FE70C9D96D92" authorityName="Rasnitsyn" authorityYear="1972" box="[881,1016,392,416]" class="Insecta" family="Praeaulacidae" genus="Praeaulacus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="834" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97CB471FFD6246D1241FE70C9D96D92" box="[881,1016,392,416]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="834">Praeaulacus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following characters: mesosoma short and stout, nearly as long as high; pronotum comparatively long; mesonotum slightly shorter than pronotum and legs very long; forewing with first abscissa of Rs (1-Rs) shorter than its distance to pterostigma, 2r-rs slightly shorter than the maximal width of 2rm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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