368 lines
60 KiB
XML
368 lines
60 KiB
XML
<document id="3E52EF4A51560CEEE7EBE6D0090C18A3" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930500415195" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5220912" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629366272137" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Dick, Matthew H., Grischenko, Andrei V. & Mawatari, Shunsuke F." docDate="2005" docId="03CE7B54FF8BFF83DEDF188888F3BED6" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.39.43.3687-3784.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 39 (43)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930500415195" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5A9EB2ED5589A523F0236C66DE2A6BA8.4:JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="5A9EB2ED5589A523F0236C66DE2A6BA8" docStyleName="JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Rhynchozoon glabrum Dick & Grischenko & Mawatari 2005, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="3776" masterDocId="FFF7032CFFDCFFD8DF1B1B7F8A29BE37" masterDocTitle="Intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) of Ketchikan, Alaska" masterLastPageNumber="3784" masterPageNumber="3687" pageNumber="3773" updateTime="1699069551647" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="BBC47335DBB3941B641B57C8C9F171C8">
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<mods:title id="B1EBBCE5DF529E9CFCA85A86D3B8EE1A">Intertidal Bryozoa (Cheilostomata) of Ketchikan, Alaska</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="B0096E88C7522F485F05905D10CA9E5E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="59B7BD6E313A1D1A59065514D9028D80">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2A8EE35455DFFB3187BAAEDA7B4CA141">Dick, Matthew H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="45D92B3C77645E4158E7A9901341B514">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C3DBAA28BCEE3CDB8E127AB4CD03ADEA">Grischenko, Andrei V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="DEEB3FAEDE742BAC58C7B876A2FCC47D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B16D5FA8F1980917FEB59882F8E3DF3C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8EA93C6983FB36FE78A2DD4960ACE0B8">Mawatari, Shunsuke F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C3D12D2AE11E7F79E7371A966D77CFCA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="055662F05C700BC19230672557677F46">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="47F6EC18C2B07C49E5FF647A2699615A">
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<mods:date id="03E005945B8BDF7B88B8BBD5B9BB4D74">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A4D8A9A662C30821E705118DBC579356">2005-12-23</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="AAD660B67AB3571DE81257DE8D68A388" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A22423D4CAB2E946FC6F48A5F7C20EEB">39</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D2C74DC5DC8AF10041948EE8CA5FB709">43</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="52D291F38F3D4C56F7164847A8020D77">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930500415195</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="D6A1A94C6FA8C579C5B6D849101492D0">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3DE64EC2CF99501C9968A6CB0AA9DD46" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930500415195</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7A9A2E5A961DD8BF9F82BAE3A16AB7CE" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CE7B54FF8BFF83DEDF188888F3BED6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE7B54FF8BFF83DEDF188888F3BED6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CE7B54FF8BFF83DEDF188888F3BED6" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="3776" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773">
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<subSubSection id="C37D99C9FF8BFF8FDEDF188889ADBA38" box="[452,900,1015,1039]" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FF8BFF8FDEDF188889ADBA38" blockId="87.[452,900,1015,1072]" box="[452,900,1015,1039]" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773">
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<heading id="D0907D2EFF8BFF8FDEDF188889ADBA38" box="[452,900,1015,1039]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FF8BFF8FDEDF188888C5BA38" ID-CoL="78VRJ" authority="Dick & Grischenko & Mawatari, 2005" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko & Mawatari" authorityYear="2005" box="[452,748,1015,1039]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="glabrum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9131650FF8BFF8FDEDF188888C5BA38" bold="true" box="[452,748,1015,1039]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773">Rhynchozoon glabrum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A220AB2BFF8BFF8FDDE7188889ADBA38" box="[764,900,1015,1039]" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D99C9FF8BFF83DD531F6788F3BED6" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="3777" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FF8BFF8FDD531F6788D4BA07" blockId="87.[452,900,1015,1072]" box="[584,765,1048,1072]" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773">
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(
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<figureCitation id="135CD6C7FF8BFF8FDD4B1F6788DDBA07" box="[592,756,1048,1072]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="88.[125,185,1243,1262]" captionTargetBox="[125,1173,133,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-37@88.[125,1173,133,1207]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="Figure 26. Rhynchozoon glabrum n. sp.: (A) group of marginal zooids showing suboral avicularian chamber at several stages of formation; (B) group of marginal zooids with bulbous suboral avicularian chamber; (C) enlargement of orifice; (D) group of ovicellate zooids showing stages of ovicell formation, beginning with extension of endooecium (lower right) into space left for ovicell during development of distal zooids; note that some zooids have a proximal marginal avicularium, whereas others lack one; (E) enlargement showing ovicells; (F) group of zooids with up to three marginal avicularia each. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 500 Mm (A, B, D, F); 50 Mm (C); 250 Mm (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5220952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5220952/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773">Figure 26A–F</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FF8BFF8FDF911F168ADABAB6" blockId="87.[138,243,1129,1153]" box="[138,243,1129,1153]" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773">
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||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF8BFF8FDF911F168ADABAB6" box="[138,243,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FF8BFF8FDF911FE58E37BB45" blockId="87.[138,1185,1178,1394]" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773">
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||
Marginal zooids smooth or weakly costate, usually with two (rarely three) distal spines; with increased calcification, frontal wall becomes increasingly smooth and regular, rather than costate or rugose; with a tall or short, conical frontal umbo; orificial margin beaded with 15–26 rounded denticles; secondary orifice with one or two conical or finger-like projections at margin;
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<specimenCount id="9D6101CBFF8BFF8FDE8B1E658827BB05" box="[400,526,1306,1330]" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773" type="generic" typeStatus="types">three types</specimenCount>
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||
of avicularia: suboral avicularium lying within peristome at later stages, proximal marginal avicularium, and one to three lateral marginal avicularia; both of the latter
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<specimenCount id="9D6101CBFF8BFF8FDE411E258BE0BB45" box="[346,457,1370,1394]" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
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||
can be absent, or occur with or without the other.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FF8BFF8FDF911ED38B0BBBF4" blockId="87.[138,290,1451,1475]" box="[138,290,1451,1475]" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773">
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||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF8BFF8FDF911ED38B0BBBF4" box="[138,290,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773">Type material</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FF8BFF8FDF911EA38B11B8A2" blockId="87.[138,1185,1500,1685]" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773">
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<materialsCitation id="3B0FC01FFF8BFF8FDF911EA3891DBBC3" accessionNumber="YPM 35852" box="[138,820,1500,1524]" collectionCode="YPM" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54DC74E0FF8BFF8FDF911EA38AD3BBC3" box="[138,250,1500,1524]" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
: ETN, unbleached and uncoated (
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||
<collectionCode id="ED765287FF8BFF8FDD891EA388FABBC3" box="[658,723,1500,1524]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
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35852)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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||
<typeStatus id="54DC74E0FF8BFF8FDC5A1EA3898FBBC3" box="[833,934,1500,1524]" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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1: ETN, unbleached and uncoated (NHM 2005.7.11.9).
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<materialsCitation id="3B0FC01FFF8BFF8FDD581E838BDBB803" accessionNumber="YPM 35853" collectionCode="YPM" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="54DC74E0FF8BFF8FDD581E838881B823" box="[579,680,1532,1556]" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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2: ETN, specimen Rhy-4a bleached and coated for SEM (
|
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<collectionCode id="ED765287FF8BFF8FDE4A1D638BBBB803" box="[337,402,1564,1588]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
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||
35853)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0FC01FFF8BFF8FDEE61D638B8BB862" collectionCode="ZIRAS" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773" specimenCode="ZIRAS 1" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<typeStatus id="54DC74E0FF8BFF8FDEE61D63884BB803" box="[509,610,1564,1588]" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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3: HP, specimen Rhy-2a bleached and coated for SEM (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC16239FF8BFF8FDFCC1D428B14B862" box="[215,317,1597,1621]" collectionCode="ZIRAS" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773">ZIRAS 1</specimenCode>
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||
/50532)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0FC01FFF8BFF8FDEB51D428B1CB842" accessionNumber="YPM 35854" collectionCode="YPM" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC74E0FF8BFF8FDEB51D42883AB862" box="[430,531,1597,1621]" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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||
4: HP, specimen Rhy-6a bleached and coated for SEM (
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<collectionCode id="ED765287FF8BFF8FDF891D228AFAB842" box="[146,211,1629,1653]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
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||
35854)
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||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
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<materialsCitation id="3B0FC01FFF8BFF8FDE581D228B1DB8A2" collectionCode="NMH" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC74E0FF8BFF8FDE581D228B81B842" box="[323,424,1629,1653]" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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5: HP, specimen Rhy-1a bleached and coated for SEM (
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||
<collectionCode id="ED765287FF8BFF8FDB4C1D228E88B842" box="[1111,1185,1629,1653]" pageId="87" pageNumber="3773">NMH</collectionCode>
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2005.7.11.10)
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||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF189ACAFF84FF80DF661FA48B34BBBA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5220952" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5220952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5220952/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="3774" startId="88.[125,185,1243,1262]" targetBox="[125,1173,133,1207]" targetPageId="88">
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<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FF84FF80DF661FA48B34BBBA" blockId="88.[125,1173,1243,1421]" pageId="88" pageNumber="3774">
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Figure 26.
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<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FF84FF80DFF01FA48B86BAD9" authority="Dick & Grischenko & Mawatari, 2005" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko & Mawatari" authorityYear="2005" box="[235,431,1243,1262]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="88" pageNumber="3774" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="glabrum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF84FF80DFF01FA48B86BAD9" box="[235,431,1243,1262]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="3774">Rhynchozoon glabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A220AB2BFF84FF80DEAC1FA48BD9BAD9" box="[439,496,1243,1262]" pageId="88" pageNumber="3774" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
: (A) group of marginal zooids showing suboral avicularian chamber at several stages of formation; (B) group of marginal zooids with bulbous suboral avicularian chamber; (C) enlargement of orifice; (D) group of ovicellate zooids showing stages of ovicell formation, beginning with extension of endooecium (lower right) into space left for ovicell during development of distal zooids; note that some zooids have a proximal marginal avicularium, whereas others lack one; (E) enlargement showing ovicells; (F) group of zooids with up to three marginal avicularia each. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 500 Mm (A, B, D, F); 50 Mm (C); 250 Mm (E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FF84FF80DF661ED68AC7BBF6" blockId="88.[125,238,1449,1473]" box="[125,238,1449,1473]" pageId="88" pageNumber="3774">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF84FF80DF661ED68AC7BBF6" box="[125,238,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="3774">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FF84FF80DF661EA589A8BBC5" blockId="88.[125,897,1498,1522]" box="[125,897,1498,1522]" pageId="88" pageNumber="3774">
|
||
The species name derives from the Latin
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF84FF80DD7D1EA5888FBBC5" box="[614,678,1498,1522]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="3774">glaber</emphasis>
|
||
, meaning smooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FF84FF80DF661D548ADCB874" blockId="88.[125,245,1579,1603]" box="[125,245,1579,1603]" pageId="88" pageNumber="3774">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF84FF80DF661D548ADCB874" box="[125,245,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="3774">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FF84FF80DF661D238E51B8A3" blockId="88.[125,1172,1628,1684]" pageId="88" pageNumber="3774">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF84FF80DF661D238AFBB843" box="[125,210,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="3774">Colony.</emphasis>
|
||
Light tan or light chocolate- to violet-brown in colour; encrusting; unilaminar; multilaminar colonies were not observed; roughly circular; largest found
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F67A7FF84FF80DCC81D038E09B8A3" box="[979,1056,1660,1684]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="88" pageNumber="3774" unit="cm" value="2.8">2.8 cm</quantity>
|
||
across.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FF85FF81DF911BF68E88BF74" blockId="89.[138,1185,136,323]" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF85FF81DF911BF68AF0BE96" box="[138,217,137,161]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775">Zooids.</emphasis>
|
||
Irregularly hexagonal; marginal zooids
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F67A7FF85FF81DDA01BF6894BBE96" box="[699,866,137,161]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" metricValueMax="6.3" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775" unit="mm" value="0.515" valueMax="0.63" valueMin="0.4">0.40–0.63 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (average
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F67A7FF85FF81DB151BF78EB5BE96" box="[1038,1180,136,161]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0502" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775" unit="mm" value="50.502">50.502 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF85FF81DF911BD58AB1BEF6" box="[138,152,170,193]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775">n</emphasis>
|
||
515, 2) by
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F67A7FF85FF81DE391BD68BE0BEF6" box="[290,457,169,193]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775" unit="mm" value="0.38" valueMax="0.43" valueMin="0.33">0.33–0.43 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide (average
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F67A7FF85FF81DD6A1BD68929BEF6" box="[625,768,169,193]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0348999999999995" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775" unit="mm" value="50.349">50.349 mm</quantity>
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||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF85FF81DC161BD58932BEF6" box="[781,795,170,193]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775">n</emphasis>
|
||
515, 2); young zooids delineated by a groove with a sharp incision at bottom; zooidal boundaries indistinct at later stages; basal wall completely calcified, often with several irregularly distributed white punctae up to 50 Mm in diameter. Zooids interconnect by unusual raised, disk-like dietellae scattered irregularly around the distolateral and distal walls, each with a single tiny pore in the centre.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FF85FF81DF911A148882BC12" blockId="89.[138,1185,363,549]" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF85FF81DF911A148B34BFB4" box="[138,285,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775">Frontal wall.</emphasis>
|
||
Shiny, vitreous; in marginal zooids markedly convex, inflated, smooth or weakly costate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135CD6C7FF85FF81DE251AF38BCDBF93" box="[318,484,396,420]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="88.[125,185,1243,1262]" captionTargetBox="[125,1173,133,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-37@88.[125,1173,133,1207]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="Figure 26. Rhynchozoon glabrum n. sp.: (A) group of marginal zooids showing suboral avicularian chamber at several stages of formation; (B) group of marginal zooids with bulbous suboral avicularian chamber; (C) enlargement of orifice; (D) group of ovicellate zooids showing stages of ovicell formation, beginning with extension of endooecium (lower right) into space left for ovicell during development of distal zooids; note that some zooids have a proximal marginal avicularium, whereas others lack one; (E) enlargement showing ovicells; (F) group of zooids with up to three marginal avicularia each. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 500 Mm (A, B, D, F); 50 Mm (C); 250 Mm (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5220952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5220952/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775">Figure 26A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) between the 9–16 (average511.8,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF85FF81DC641AF289A4BF93" box="[895,909,397,420]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775">n</emphasis>
|
||
524, 3) areolar pores in total around margin, rapidly becoming thickened by a heavy layer of smooth calcification, without costation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135CD6C7FF85FF81DE7F1AB28BC2BFD2" box="[356,491,461,485]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="88.[125,185,1243,1262]" captionTargetBox="[125,1173,133,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-37@88.[125,1173,133,1207]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="Figure 26. Rhynchozoon glabrum n. sp.: (A) group of marginal zooids showing suboral avicularian chamber at several stages of formation; (B) group of marginal zooids with bulbous suboral avicularian chamber; (C) enlargement of orifice; (D) group of ovicellate zooids showing stages of ovicell formation, beginning with extension of endooecium (lower right) into space left for ovicell during development of distal zooids; note that some zooids have a proximal marginal avicularium, whereas others lack one; (E) enlargement showing ovicells; (F) group of zooids with up to three marginal avicularia each. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 500 Mm (A, B, D, F); 50 Mm (C); 250 Mm (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5220952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5220952/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775">Figure 26B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Frontal wall increasingly smooth at intermediate and later stages of calcification, without ridges or irregularities, with a variably developed conical umbo that can be tall or short, blunt or sharp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FF85FF81DF9119318B2DBDFC" blockId="89.[138,1185,590,971]" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF85FF81DF9119318AF5BC51" box="[138,220,590,614]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775">Orifice.</emphasis>
|
||
Primary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135CD6C7FF85FF81DEAC19318814BC51" box="[439,573,590,614]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="88.[125,185,1243,1262]" captionTargetBox="[125,1173,133,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-37@88.[125,1173,133,1207]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="Figure 26. Rhynchozoon glabrum n. sp.: (A) group of marginal zooids showing suboral avicularian chamber at several stages of formation; (B) group of marginal zooids with bulbous suboral avicularian chamber; (C) enlargement of orifice; (D) group of ovicellate zooids showing stages of ovicell formation, beginning with extension of endooecium (lower right) into space left for ovicell during development of distal zooids; note that some zooids have a proximal marginal avicularium, whereas others lack one; (E) enlargement showing ovicells; (F) group of zooids with up to three marginal avicularia each. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 500 Mm (A, B, D, F); 50 Mm (C); 250 Mm (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5220952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5220952/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775">Figure 26C</figureCitation>
|
||
) slightly broader than long;
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F67A7FF85FF81DCAD19318E74BC51" box="[950,1117,590,614]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775" unit="mm" value="0.12" valueMax="0.13" valueMin="0.11">0.11–0.13 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (average
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F67A7FF85FF81DFF019118B50BCB0" box="[235,377,622,647]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0127" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775" unit="mm" value="50.127">50.127 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF85FF81DE9019108BB0BCB1" box="[395,409,623,646]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775">n</emphasis>
|
||
515, 2) by
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F67A7FF85FF81DD2A191088F1BCB0" box="[561,728,623,647]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775" unit="mm" value="0.13" valueMax="0.15" valueMin="0.11">0.11–0.15 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide (average
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F67A7FF85FF81DC9219118E31BCB0" box="[905,1048,622,647]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0135" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775" unit="mm" value="50.135">50.135 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF85FF81DB3119108E11BCB1" box="[1066,1080,623,646]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775">n</emphasis>
|
||
515, 2), with a shallow, curved proximal sinus between a pair of triangular projections, flanked on each side by a conspicuous, rounded condyle; orificial margin beaded with 15–26 (average519.1,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF85FF81DE5019AE8B70BCDF" box="[331,345,721,744]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775">n</emphasis>
|
||
521, 4) regularly spaced, rounded denticles. With increased frontal calcification, primary orifice lies deep in peristome. Secondary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135CD6C7FF85FF81DCEA198F8EB0BD3F" box="[1009,1177,752,776]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="88.[125,185,1243,1262]" captionTargetBox="[125,1173,133,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-37@88.[125,1173,133,1207]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="Figure 26. Rhynchozoon glabrum n. sp.: (A) group of marginal zooids showing suboral avicularian chamber at several stages of formation; (B) group of marginal zooids with bulbous suboral avicularian chamber; (C) enlargement of orifice; (D) group of ovicellate zooids showing stages of ovicell formation, beginning with extension of endooecium (lower right) into space left for ovicell during development of distal zooids; note that some zooids have a proximal marginal avicularium, whereas others lack one; (E) enlargement showing ovicells; (F) group of zooids with up to three marginal avicularia each. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 500 Mm (A, B, D, F); 50 Mm (C); 250 Mm (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5220952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5220952/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775">Figure 26D–F</figureCitation>
|
||
) irregular in shape; typically there is one process on the orificial rim on the same side as the suboral avicularium and two processes on the opposite side; sometimes two processes on each side; the processes vary from sharp and conical to cylindrical and finger-like, but are not developed as heavy tubercles. Frequently there is a broad pseudosinus between the lateral projection on one side and the base of the suboral avicularium, which lies within the peristome.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FF85FF81DF91188B8B33B8A3" blockId="89.[138,1185,1012,1684]" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF85FF81DF91188B8B2FBA3B" box="[138,262,1012,1036]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775">Avicularia.</emphasis>
|
||
Three
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC74E0FF85FF81DE79188B8BB4BA3B" box="[354,413,1012,1036]" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775">types</typeStatus>
|
||
occur. One is the asymmetrically positioned suboral avicularium, which arises initially as a bulbous chamber (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135CD6C7FF85FF81DD901F6B891BBA1B" box="[651,818,1044,1068]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="88.[125,185,1243,1262]" captionTargetBox="[125,1173,133,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-37@88.[125,1173,133,1207]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="Figure 26. Rhynchozoon glabrum n. sp.: (A) group of marginal zooids showing suboral avicularian chamber at several stages of formation; (B) group of marginal zooids with bulbous suboral avicularian chamber; (C) enlargement of orifice; (D) group of ovicellate zooids showing stages of ovicell formation, beginning with extension of endooecium (lower right) into space left for ovicell during development of distal zooids; note that some zooids have a proximal marginal avicularium, whereas others lack one; (E) enlargement showing ovicells; (F) group of zooids with up to three marginal avicularia each. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 500 Mm (A, B, D, F); 50 Mm (C); 250 Mm (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5220952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5220952/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775">Figure 26A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) from an areolar pore lateral to proximal margin of orifice, on one side or the other; rostrum directed laterally toward side of origin and tilted in frontal direction, with a hooked end; mandible long-triangular with a small hook at end. As frontal wall thickens, avicularian chamber becomes completely immersed, covered by the umbo, and avicularium comes to lie completely in peristome. In addition to suboral avicularium, zooids can have a single frontal avicularium along proximal zooidal margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135CD6C7FF85FF81DEAC1FA88814BAD8" box="[439,573,1239,1263]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="88.[125,185,1243,1262]" captionTargetBox="[125,1173,133,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-37@88.[125,1173,133,1207]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="Figure 26. Rhynchozoon glabrum n. sp.: (A) group of marginal zooids showing suboral avicularian chamber at several stages of formation; (B) group of marginal zooids with bulbous suboral avicularian chamber; (C) enlargement of orifice; (D) group of ovicellate zooids showing stages of ovicell formation, beginning with extension of endooecium (lower right) into space left for ovicell during development of distal zooids; note that some zooids have a proximal marginal avicularium, whereas others lack one; (E) enlargement showing ovicells; (F) group of zooids with up to three marginal avicularia each. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 500 Mm (A, B, D, F); 50 Mm (C); 250 Mm (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5220952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5220952/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775">Figure 26E</figureCitation>
|
||
), equal to or larger than suboral avicularium in size, with a non-hooked rostrum angled upward from the frontal surface, the mandible longtriangular, pointing proximally or sometimes laterally. At later stages, this avicularium can appear separate from the margin, positioned toward the centre of the frontal wall, surrounded by secondary calcification. Zooids can have a third
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC74E0FF85FF81DC7B1E2789B8BB47" box="[864,913,1368,1392]" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of avicularium; this is a frontal avicularium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135CD6C7FF85FF81DE621E068BCBBBA6" box="[377,482,1401,1425]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="88.[125,185,1243,1262]" captionTargetBox="[125,1173,133,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-37@88.[125,1173,133,1207]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="Figure 26. Rhynchozoon glabrum n. sp.: (A) group of marginal zooids showing suboral avicularian chamber at several stages of formation; (B) group of marginal zooids with bulbous suboral avicularian chamber; (C) enlargement of orifice; (D) group of ovicellate zooids showing stages of ovicell formation, beginning with extension of endooecium (lower right) into space left for ovicell during development of distal zooids; note that some zooids have a proximal marginal avicularium, whereas others lack one; (E) enlargement showing ovicells; (F) group of zooids with up to three marginal avicularia each. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 500 Mm (A, B, D, F); 50 Mm (C); 250 Mm (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5220952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5220952/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="3775">Fig. 26F</figureCitation>
|
||
) occurring anywhere along the lateral margins, one to three per zooid, equal to or smaller than the proximal frontal avicularium in size, with an equilateral or long-triangular mandible usually directed perpendicular to zooidal margin. In heavily calcified zooids, chamber of frontal avicularia (proximal and lateral) can become completely immersed, the rostrum scarcely raised above frontal surface. The complement of avicularia is variable; zooids within the same colony can have (in addition to the suboral avicularium) no frontal avicularia, only the proximal marginal avicularium, the proximal and one or more lateral avicularia, or one or more lateral avicularia and no proximal avicularium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FF86FF82DF661BF78EBCBED7" blockId="90.[125,1173,136,224]" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF86FF82DF661BF78AE5BE97" box="[125,204,136,160]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">Spines.</emphasis>
|
||
Marginal zooids usually have two distal spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135CD6C7FF86FF82DC061BF789EEBE97" box="[797,967,136,160]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="88.[125,185,1243,1262]" captionTargetBox="[125,1173,133,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-37@88.[125,1173,133,1207]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="Figure 26. Rhynchozoon glabrum n. sp.: (A) group of marginal zooids showing suboral avicularian chamber at several stages of formation; (B) group of marginal zooids with bulbous suboral avicularian chamber; (C) enlargement of orifice; (D) group of ovicellate zooids showing stages of ovicell formation, beginning with extension of endooecium (lower right) into space left for ovicell during development of distal zooids; note that some zooids have a proximal marginal avicularium, whereas others lack one; (E) enlargement showing ovicells; (F) group of zooids with up to three marginal avicularia each. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 500 Mm (A, B, D, F); 50 Mm (C); 250 Mm (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5220952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5220952/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">Figure 26A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
), or rarely three. Spines sometimes longer than the zooid itself. Spines are ephemeral and restricted to marginal zooids; colony fragments without marginal zooids appear to lack them altogether.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FF86FF82DF661A7D8E3BBFCE" blockId="90.[125,1172,258,505]" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF86FF82DF661A7D8BBDBF2D" box="[125,404,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">
|
||
Ovicell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135CD6C7FF86FF82DFF81A7D8BA1BF2D" box="[227,392,258,282]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="88.[125,185,1243,1262]" captionTargetBox="[125,1173,133,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-37@88.[125,1173,133,1207]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="Figure 26. Rhynchozoon glabrum n. sp.: (A) group of marginal zooids showing suboral avicularian chamber at several stages of formation; (B) group of marginal zooids with bulbous suboral avicularian chamber; (C) enlargement of orifice; (D) group of ovicellate zooids showing stages of ovicell formation, beginning with extension of endooecium (lower right) into space left for ovicell during development of distal zooids; note that some zooids have a proximal marginal avicularium, whereas others lack one; (E) enlargement showing ovicells; (F) group of zooids with up to three marginal avicularia each. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 500 Mm (A, B, D, F); 50 Mm (C); 250 Mm (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5220952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5220952/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">Figure 26D–F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Broader than long,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F67A7FF86FF82DDB91A7D8963BF2D" box="[674,842,258,282]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776" unit="mm" value="0.18" valueMax="0.23" valueMin="0.13">0.13–0.23 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (average
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F67A7FF86FF82DB1A1A7D8EA6BF2D" box="[1025,1167,258,282]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.018" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776" unit="mm" value="50.18">50.180 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF86FF82DF661A5C8AA2BF0D" box="[125,139,291,314]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">n</emphasis>
|
||
522, 4) by
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F67A7FF86FF82DE2F1A5D8BF2BF0D" box="[308,475,290,314]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776" unit="mm" value="0.24" valueMax="0.28" valueMin="0.2">0.20–0.28 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide (average
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F67A7FF86FF82DD831A5D890FBF0D" box="[664,806,290,314]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0237" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776" unit="mm" value="50.237">50.237 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF86FF82DC261A5C8962BF0D" box="[829,843,291,314]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">n</emphasis>
|
||
522, 4), the globose top exposed at first, but later weakly covered by frontal calcification from surrounding zooids; proximal face of ovicell lies in peristome and has a lumpy panel of exposed endooecium that is semicircular, blunt-triangular, transversely elliptical, or circular in shape, completely or incompletely bordered by ectooecium along the proximal margin. In fertile colonies, many zooids leave space for an ovicell before the ovicell develops; the result is a large secondary orifice that will be reduced in size when the ovicell forms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FF86FF82DF66195E8B82BC0E" blockId="90.[125,427,545,569]" box="[125,427,545,569]" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF86FF82DF66195E8AD1BC0E" box="[125,248,545,569]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FF86FF82DF66195E8ADDBC0E" authorityName="Delage & Heroard" authorityYear="1897" box="[125,244,545,569]" genus="Ancestrula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">Ancestrula</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FF86FF82DF66190E8AF5BCBE" blockId="90.[125,220,625,649]" box="[125,220,625,649]" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF86FF82DF66190E8AF5BCBE" box="[125,220,625,649]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FF86FF82DF6619DE89A5BD2F" blockId="90.[125,1172,673,1526]" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FF86FF82DF6619DE8B46BC8E" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko & Mawatari" authorityYear="2005" box="[125,367,673,697]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="glabrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF86FF82DF6619DE8B46BC8E" box="[125,367,673,697]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">Rhynchozoon glabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
overlaps in many characters with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FF86FF82DDE319DE89B9BC8E" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[760,912,673,697]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tumulosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF86FF82DDE319DE89B9BC8E" box="[760,912,673,697]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">R. tumulosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Primary orifice shape and ovicell form are indistinguishable; both species can have two spines on marginal zooids; both can have a tall frontal umbo proximal to the orifice; and both show some variability in the development of inter-areolar ridges on young, marginal zooids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FF86FF82DF83185F8EBDBBC1" blockId="90.[125,1172,673,1526]" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">
|
||
In a study of variation in the 16S mitochondrial ribosomal RNA gene among seven
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FF86FF82DF66183F8B26BD6F" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1895" box="[125,271,832,856]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF86FF82DF66183F8B26BD6F" box="[125,271,832,856]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">Rhynchozoon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
colonies at Ketchikan,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6B7B3FF86FF82DD05183F897DBD6F" author="Dick MH & Mawatari SF" box="[542,852,832,856]" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776" pagination="344 - 354" refId="ref46844" refString="Dick MH, Mawatari SF. 2005. Morphological and molecular concordance of Rhynchozoon clades (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from Alaska. Invertebrate Biology 124: 344 - 354." type="journal article" year="2005">Dick and Mawatari (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found two clades separated by 2.4% genetic distance (K2P +
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF86FF82DD38181F881CBD4F" bold="true" box="[547,565,864,888]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">C</emphasis>
|
||
). This permitted discrimination of morphological differences between the two lineages, which correspond to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FF86FF82DC2518FF8992BDAF" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko & Mawatari" authorityYear="2005" box="[830,955,896,920]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="glabrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF86FF82DC2518FF8992BDAF" box="[830,955,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">R. glabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Form A) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FF86FF82DB6218FF8ADABD8F" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1882" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tumulosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF86FF82DB6218FF8ADABD8F" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">R. tumulosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Form B). The two lineages are consistently distinguishable by a suite of morphological characters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6B7B3FF86FF82DEDB18BF8928BDEF" author="Dick MH & Mawatari SF" box="[448,769,960,984]" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776" pagination="344 - 354" refId="ref46844" refString="Dick MH, Mawatari SF. 2005. Morphological and molecular concordance of Rhynchozoon clades (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from Alaska. Invertebrate Biology 124: 344 - 354." type="journal article" year="2005">Dick and Mawatari 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) that includes degree of frontal costation, range of spine number, number of beads on primary orifice, number of areolar pores, and peri-orificial sculpturing. Considered together, these characters usually allow a particular specimen to be identified.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FF86FF82DD2D1F608960BA00" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[566,841,1055,1079]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tumulosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF86FF82DD2D1F608960BA00" box="[566,841,1055,1079]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">Rhynchozoon tumulosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tends to have more areolar pores and fewer orificial beads, though the ranges overlap considerably. Most marginal zooids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FF86FF82DFE91F1F8BA4BA40" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[242,397,1119,1143]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tumulosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF86FF82DFE91F1F8BA4BA40" box="[242,397,1119,1143]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">R. tumulosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have inter-areolar ridges early on (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135CD6C7FF86FF82DC2A1F2089F2BA40" box="[817,987,1119,1143]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="85.[138,198,1452,1471]" captionText="Figure 25. Rhynchozoon tumulosum (Hincks): (A) marginal zooids before or in initial stage (centre zooid) of formation of suboral avicularian chamber; (B) group of marginal zooids showing bulbous suboral avicularian chamber; (C) enlargement of orifice; (D) zooids near colony margin exhibiting centripetal growth of inter-areolar extensions of secondary calcification; (E) well-calcified zooids, each with a proximal frontal avicularium; some adjacent zooids (top) lack a proximal avicularium; (F) well-calcified ovicellate zooids with proximal frontal avicularium, and several with an additional lateral frontal avicularium; (G) enlargement showing ovicells; (H) secondary orifice of ancestrula (just right of centre); primary orifice is obscured within peristome formed by the proximal margins of five periancestrular zooids. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 400 Mm (A); 500 Mm (B, D–F, H); 100 Mm (C); 250 Mm (G)." pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">Figure 25A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas most marginal zooids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FF86FF82DE791FFF8BF6BAA0" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko & Mawatari" authorityYear="2005" box="[354,479,1151,1175]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="glabrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF86FF82DE791FFF8BF6BAA0" box="[354,479,1151,1175]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">R. glabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack them (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135CD6C7FF86FF82DD6B1F008932BAA0" box="[624,795,1151,1175]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="88.[125,185,1243,1262]" captionTargetBox="[125,1173,133,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-37@88.[125,1173,133,1207]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="Figure 26. Rhynchozoon glabrum n. sp.: (A) group of marginal zooids showing suboral avicularian chamber at several stages of formation; (B) group of marginal zooids with bulbous suboral avicularian chamber; (C) enlargement of orifice; (D) group of ovicellate zooids showing stages of ovicell formation, beginning with extension of endooecium (lower right) into space left for ovicell during development of distal zooids; note that some zooids have a proximal marginal avicularium, whereas others lack one; (E) enlargement showing ovicells; (F) group of zooids with up to three marginal avicularia each. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 500 Mm (A, B, D, F); 50 Mm (C); 250 Mm (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5220952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5220952/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">Figure 26A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FF86FF82DC4C1FFF89DABAA0" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[855,1011,1151,1175]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tumulosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF86FF82DC4C1FFF89DABAA0" box="[855,1011,1151,1175]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">R. tumulosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, inter-areolar ridges are strengthened by fingerlike extensions of centripetal secondary growth over the primary frontal wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135CD6C7FF86FF82DE961FC08831BAE0" box="[397,536,1215,1239]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="85.[138,198,1452,1471]" captionText="Figure 25. Rhynchozoon tumulosum (Hincks): (A) marginal zooids before or in initial stage (centre zooid) of formation of suboral avicularian chamber; (B) group of marginal zooids showing bulbous suboral avicularian chamber; (C) enlargement of orifice; (D) zooids near colony margin exhibiting centripetal growth of inter-areolar extensions of secondary calcification; (E) well-calcified zooids, each with a proximal frontal avicularium; some adjacent zooids (top) lack a proximal avicularium; (F) well-calcified ovicellate zooids with proximal frontal avicularium, and several with an additional lateral frontal avicularium; (G) enlargement showing ovicells; (H) secondary orifice of ancestrula (just right of centre); primary orifice is obscured within peristome formed by the proximal margins of five periancestrular zooids. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 400 Mm (A); 500 Mm (B, D–F, H); 100 Mm (C); 250 Mm (G)." pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">Figure 25D</figureCitation>
|
||
), leaving zooids slightly to markedly ridged at an intermediate stage of calcification (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135CD6C7FF86FF82DD2F1FA088CCBAC0" box="[564,741,1247,1271]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="85.[138,198,1452,1471]" captionText="Figure 25. Rhynchozoon tumulosum (Hincks): (A) marginal zooids before or in initial stage (centre zooid) of formation of suboral avicularian chamber; (B) group of marginal zooids showing bulbous suboral avicularian chamber; (C) enlargement of orifice; (D) zooids near colony margin exhibiting centripetal growth of inter-areolar extensions of secondary calcification; (E) well-calcified zooids, each with a proximal frontal avicularium; some adjacent zooids (top) lack a proximal avicularium; (F) well-calcified ovicellate zooids with proximal frontal avicularium, and several with an additional lateral frontal avicularium; (G) enlargement showing ovicells; (H) secondary orifice of ancestrula (just right of centre); primary orifice is obscured within peristome formed by the proximal margins of five periancestrular zooids. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 400 Mm (A); 500 Mm (B, D–F, H); 100 Mm (C); 250 Mm (G)." pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">Figure 25E, G</figureCitation>
|
||
) and with an irregular surface in advanced calcification (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135CD6C7FF86FF82DE8A1F81883EBB21" box="[401,535,1278,1302]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="85.[138,198,1452,1471]" captionText="Figure 25. Rhynchozoon tumulosum (Hincks): (A) marginal zooids before or in initial stage (centre zooid) of formation of suboral avicularian chamber; (B) group of marginal zooids showing bulbous suboral avicularian chamber; (C) enlargement of orifice; (D) zooids near colony margin exhibiting centripetal growth of inter-areolar extensions of secondary calcification; (E) well-calcified zooids, each with a proximal frontal avicularium; some adjacent zooids (top) lack a proximal avicularium; (F) well-calcified ovicellate zooids with proximal frontal avicularium, and several with an additional lateral frontal avicularium; (G) enlargement showing ovicells; (H) secondary orifice of ancestrula (just right of centre); primary orifice is obscured within peristome formed by the proximal margins of five periancestrular zooids. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 400 Mm (A); 500 Mm (B, D–F, H); 100 Mm (C); 250 Mm (G)." pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">Figure 25F</figureCitation>
|
||
); these finger-like extensions were not observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FF86FF82DB621F808AFCBB01" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko & Mawatari" authorityYear="2005" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="glabrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF86FF82DB621F808AFCBB01" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">R. glabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FF86FF82DE141E608BA7BB01" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko & Mawatari" authorityYear="2005" box="[271,398,1310,1334]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="glabrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF86FF82DE141E608BA7BB01" box="[271,398,1310,1334]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">R. glabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the frontal wall becomes increasingly smooth and regular with increased calcification (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135CD6C7FF86FF82DE941E418813BB61" box="[399,570,1342,1366]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="88.[125,185,1243,1262]" captionTargetBox="[125,1173,133,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-37@88.[125,1173,133,1207]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="Figure 26. Rhynchozoon glabrum n. sp.: (A) group of marginal zooids showing suboral avicularian chamber at several stages of formation; (B) group of marginal zooids with bulbous suboral avicularian chamber; (C) enlargement of orifice; (D) group of ovicellate zooids showing stages of ovicell formation, beginning with extension of endooecium (lower right) into space left for ovicell during development of distal zooids; note that some zooids have a proximal marginal avicularium, whereas others lack one; (E) enlargement showing ovicells; (F) group of zooids with up to three marginal avicularia each. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 500 Mm (A, B, D, F); 50 Mm (C); 250 Mm (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5220952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5220952/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">Figure 26D–F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Marginal zooids in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FF86FF82DC2E1E4089E6BB61" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[821,975,1342,1366]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tumulosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF86FF82DC2E1E4089E6BB61" box="[821,975,1342,1366]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">R. tumulosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can have two to five distal spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135CD6C7FF86FF82DE501E218BDCBB41" box="[331,501,1374,1398]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="85.[138,198,1452,1471]" captionText="Figure 25. Rhynchozoon tumulosum (Hincks): (A) marginal zooids before or in initial stage (centre zooid) of formation of suboral avicularian chamber; (B) group of marginal zooids showing bulbous suboral avicularian chamber; (C) enlargement of orifice; (D) zooids near colony margin exhibiting centripetal growth of inter-areolar extensions of secondary calcification; (E) well-calcified zooids, each with a proximal frontal avicularium; some adjacent zooids (top) lack a proximal avicularium; (F) well-calcified ovicellate zooids with proximal frontal avicularium, and several with an additional lateral frontal avicularium; (G) enlargement showing ovicells; (H) secondary orifice of ancestrula (just right of centre); primary orifice is obscured within peristome formed by the proximal margins of five periancestrular zooids. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 400 Mm (A); 500 Mm (B, D–F, H); 100 Mm (C); 250 Mm (G)." pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">Figure 25A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
), although some colonies have zooids with predominantly two spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135CD6C7FF86FF82DE171E018BBBBBA1" box="[268,402,1406,1430]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="85.[138,198,1452,1471]" captionText="Figure 25. Rhynchozoon tumulosum (Hincks): (A) marginal zooids before or in initial stage (centre zooid) of formation of suboral avicularian chamber; (B) group of marginal zooids showing bulbous suboral avicularian chamber; (C) enlargement of orifice; (D) zooids near colony margin exhibiting centripetal growth of inter-areolar extensions of secondary calcification; (E) well-calcified zooids, each with a proximal frontal avicularium; some adjacent zooids (top) lack a proximal avicularium; (F) well-calcified ovicellate zooids with proximal frontal avicularium, and several with an additional lateral frontal avicularium; (G) enlargement showing ovicells; (H) secondary orifice of ancestrula (just right of centre); primary orifice is obscured within peristome formed by the proximal margins of five periancestrular zooids. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 400 Mm (A); 500 Mm (B, D–F, H); 100 Mm (C); 250 Mm (G)." pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">Figure 25B</figureCitation>
|
||
); zooids with more than two distal spines are rare in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FF86FF82DB0D1E008EBDBBA1" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko & Mawatari" authorityYear="2005" box="[1046,1172,1406,1430]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="glabrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF86FF82DB0D1E008EBDBBA1" box="[1046,1172,1406,1430]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">R. glabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135CD6C7FF86FF82DF9E1EE18B18BB81" box="[133,305,1438,1462]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="88.[125,185,1243,1262]" captionTargetBox="[125,1173,133,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-37@88.[125,1173,133,1207]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="Figure 26. Rhynchozoon glabrum n. sp.: (A) group of marginal zooids showing suboral avicularian chamber at several stages of formation; (B) group of marginal zooids with bulbous suboral avicularian chamber; (C) enlargement of orifice; (D) group of ovicellate zooids showing stages of ovicell formation, beginning with extension of endooecium (lower right) into space left for ovicell during development of distal zooids; note that some zooids have a proximal marginal avicularium, whereas others lack one; (E) enlargement showing ovicells; (F) group of zooids with up to three marginal avicularia each. All specimens bleached. Scale bars: 500 Mm (A, B, D, F); 50 Mm (C); 250 Mm (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5220952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5220952/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">Figure 26A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Zooids of both species can either have or lack a single, proximal frontal avicularium, and can produce additional lateral frontal avicularia. However, the tendency to produce the lateral avicularia seems more pronounced in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FF86FF82DC2E1EA18999BBC1" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko & Mawatari" authorityYear="2005" box="[821,944,1502,1526]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="glabrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF86FF82DC2E1EA18999BBC1" box="[821,944,1502,1526]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">R. glabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FF86FF82DCE81EA18EA5BBC1" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[1011,1164,1502,1526]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tumulosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF86FF82DCE81EA18EA5BBC1" box="[1011,1164,1502,1526]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">R. tumulosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FF86FF82DF661D528AD4B872" blockId="90.[125,253,1581,1605]" box="[125,253,1581,1605]" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF86FF82DF661D528AD4B872" box="[125,253,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD8CA42FF86FF83DF661D2288F3BED6" blockId="90.[125,1172,1629,1685]" lastBlockId="91.[138,1185,137,225]" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="3777" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">
|
||
A colony we have identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FF86FF82DEF11D21884CB842" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko & Mawatari" authorityYear="2005" box="[490,613,1629,1653]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="glabrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF86FF82DEF11D21884CB842" box="[490,613,1629,1653]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">R. glabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is present on the same slide as Hincks’s (1882)
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC74E0FF86FF82DF661D028A87B8A2" box="[125,174,1661,1685]" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">type</typeStatus>
|
||
colony of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FF86FF82DE201D018BF0B8A2" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[315,473,1661,1685]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tumulosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF86FF82DE201D018BF0B8A2" box="[315,473,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="3776">R. tumulosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NHM 1886.3.6.49) from the Queen Charlotte Islands,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A304A0FF87FF83DF911BF68B78BE96" box="[138,337,137,161]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="91" pageNumber="3777">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF6B7B3FF87FF83DE7A1BF688A3BE96" author="Dick MH & Mawatari SF" box="[353,650,137,161]" pageId="91" pageNumber="3777" pagination="344 - 354" refId="ref46844" refString="Dick MH, Mawatari SF. 2005. Morphological and molecular concordance of Rhynchozoon clades (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from Alaska. Invertebrate Biology 124: 344 - 354." type="journal article" year="2005">Dick and Mawatari 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The known range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FF87FF83DC941BF68E21BE96" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko & Mawatari" authorityYear="2005" box="[911,1032,137,161]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="91" pageNumber="3777" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="glabrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF87FF83DC941BF68E21BE96" box="[911,1032,137,161]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="3777">R. glabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
thus extends from Ketchikan to the Queen Charlotte Islands; however, previous records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C67B1C1FF87FF83DB121BD58E89BEF6" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[1033,1184,169,193]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Phidoloporidae" genus="Rhynchozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="91" pageNumber="3777" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="tumulosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9131650FF87FF83DB121BD58E89BEF6" box="[1033,1184,169,193]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="3777">R. tumulosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from farther south may have included this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |