303 lines
26 KiB
XML
303 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7784423" ID-ZooBank="69D47660-62BF-4E0F-A8D1-B9B27A0051FA" approvalRequired="6" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="4" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="2" checkinTime="1680164892272" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sarkar, Ankita, Banerjee, Paramita, Sinha, Shuvra Kanti & Mazumdar, Abhijit" docDate="2023" docId="380FA045FF8FFF89FF1AF4FAF8C497E4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5258.4.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5258 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Culicoides regalis Majumdar & Das Gupta" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="419" masterDocId="C436D83DFF81FF87FF8DF46DFB66906F" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Indian species of the ‘ Aterinervis’ group of Culicoides Latreille Subgenus Hoffmania Fox (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="428" masterPageNumber="405" pageNumber="419" updateTime="1680165407148" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Indian species of the ‘ Aterinervis’ group of Culicoides Latreille Subgenus Hoffmania Fox (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Sarkar, Ankita</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>ankitasarkar 785 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0005 - 2433 - 2661</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ankitasarkar785@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Banerjee, Paramita</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0009-0009-5269-3148</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>banerjeeparamita 19 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0009 - 5269 - 3148</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">banerjeeparamita19@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sinha, Shuvra Kanti</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-2408-7441</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Zoology, Sreegopal Banerjee College, Bagati, Mogra, Hooghly, 712148, West Bengal, India. suvrosinha @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2408 - 7441</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">suvrosinha@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mazumdar, Abhijit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-2606-9888</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>abhijitbu 02 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2606 - 9888</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">abhijitbu02@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-03-30</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>5258</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>405</mods:start>
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<mods:end>428</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.3</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5258.4.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7784423</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7784467" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7784467" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:380FA045FF8FFF89FF1AF4FAF8C497E4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/380FA045FF8FFF89FF1AF4FAF8C497E4" lastPageNumber="419" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">
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<subSubSection box="[151,684,151,178]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[151,684,151,213]" box="[151,684,151,178]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,684,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName authority="Majumdar & Das Gupta" authorityName="Majumdar & Das Gupta" box="[151,684,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regalis">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,684,151,178]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,367,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Culicoides regalis</emphasis>
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Majumdar & Das Gupta
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[151,262,187,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[151,684,151,213]" box="[151,262,187,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">
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(
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<figureCitation box="[159,255,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,260,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[168,1425,194,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[151,1436,179,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Culicoides regalis. a) head; b) maxillary palp; c) hind tibial spines; d) mid tarsis; e) wing; f) halter; g) spermathecae with ring; h) male genitalia and i) aedeagus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7784453" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7784453/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Fig 8a–i</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="419" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1436,256,310]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="14" pageNumber="419">
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<taxonomicName authority="Majumdar & Das Gupta" authorityName="Majumdar & Das Gupta" box="[151,595,256,280]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regalis">
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<emphasis box="[151,336,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Culicoides regalis</emphasis>
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Majumdar & Das Gupta
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis box="[607,627,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">in</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation author="Majumdar, B. C. & Das Gupta, S. K. & Gangopadhyay, L." box="[634,1150,256,280]" page="31" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" year="1997">
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<bibRefCitation author="Majumdar, B. C. & Das Gupta, S. K. & Gangopadhyay, L." box="[634,1150,256,280]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" pagination="27 - 34" refId="ref11546" refString="Majumdar, B. C., Das Gupta, S. K. & Gangopadhyay, L. (1997) Some new species of Hoffmania Fox subgenus of Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Darjeeling. Journal of Bengal Natural History Society, 16, 27 - 34." type="journal article" year="1997">Majumdar, Das Gupta & Gangopadhyay 1997: 31</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation author="Majumdar, B. C." box="[1162,1432,256,280]" page="188" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" year="1972">
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<bibRefCitation author="Majumdar, B. C." box="[1162,1432,256,280]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" refId="ref11504" refString="Majumdar, B. C. (1972) Studies on Systematics and distribution of Culicoides midges (Ceratopogonidae: Diptera) of Eastern India. Ph. D. Thesis, The University of Calcutta, Calcutta, 263 pp." type="book" year="1972">Majumdar 1972: 188–192</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation author="Nandi, M." box="[199,420,286,310]" page="102" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" year="2014">
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<bibRefCitation author="Nandi, M." box="[199,420,286,310]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" refId="ref11759" refString="Nandi, M. (2014) Revision of Indian species of the genus Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Ph. D. Thesis, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, 325 pp." type="book" year="2014">Nandi 2014: 102–104</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="419" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,356,1931]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,396,356,382]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Materials examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus box="[403,507,356,382]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<specimenCount box="[526,564,357,383]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
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), Darjeeling Govt. College,
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<date box="[888,1000,356,382]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" value="1968-05-27">27.v.1968</date>
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, Coll. Dr. S.K. Das Gupta;
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1968-06-21" collectingDateMax="2021-03-14" collectingDateMin="1968-06-21" collectorName="Darjeeling Govt. College & Coll. Dr. S. K. Das Gupta & Coll. S. K. Sinha & Coll. S. K. Sinha." county="Neora Valley National Park" location="Neora Valley National Park" municipality="Bhotaykhadka" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" specimenCount="13" specimenCount-female="13" typeStatus="allotype">
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||
<typeStatus box="[1307,1405,356,382]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Allotype</typeStatus>
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(1 ♁),
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<collectorName box="[195,480,392,419]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Darjeeling Govt. College</collectorName>
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,
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||
<date box="[491,613,392,418]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" value="1968-06-21">
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||
<collectingDate box="[491,613,392,418]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" value="1968-06-21">21.vi.1968</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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,
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||
<collectorName box="[624,907,392,419]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Coll. Dr. S.K. Das Gupta</collectorName>
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;
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<specimenCount box="[918,974,393,419]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" type="female">13 ♀</specimenCount>
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||
, PHE camp,
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:380FA045FF8FFF89FF1AF4FAF8C497E4:B5794788FF8FFF89FBEFF5E4FEFE91CD" box="[1122,1432,392,419]" county="Neora Valley National Park" municipality="Bhotaykhadka" name="Neora Valley National Park" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Neora Valley National Park</location>
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||
,
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||
<date box="[151,275,428,454]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" value="2021-03-14">
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||
<collectingDate box="[151,275,428,454]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" value="2021-03-14">14.iii.2021</collectingDate>
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</date>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName box="[287,473,428,455]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Coll. S.K. Sinha</collectorName>
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; 2 ♁
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<collectingMunicipality box="[533,698,428,454]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Bhotaykhadka</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty box="[709,1020,428,455]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Neora Valley National Park</collectingCounty>
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,
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<date box="[1031,1146,429,455]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" value="2019-10-19">
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<collectingDate box="[1031,1146,429,455]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" value="2019-10-19">19.x.2019</collectingDate>
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</date>
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||
,
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<collectorName box="[1157,1347,428,455]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Coll. S.K. Sinha.</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="419" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,356,1931]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,322,464,490]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Antenna with SCo on flagellomeres 1, (9,10), 11–13; mandible with basal 4 broad, outwardly directed teeth; pale spot over r-m cross vein broad, extending to cell m
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<subScript attach="left" box="[959,967,519,533]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">2</subScript>
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; broad dark band apical to r-m crossvein continuous to cell m; poststigmatic pale spot separated from vein M
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<subScript attach="left" box="[920,928,555,569]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">1</subScript>
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, distal pale spot confluent with vein M
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<subScript attach="left" box="[1372,1385,555,569]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">1;</subScript>
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anal cell with constricted distal pale spot.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,356,1931]" box="[199,293,609,635]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,293,609,635]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Female.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,356,1931]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,263,645,671]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Head</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[280,453,644,671]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,260,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[168,1425,194,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[151,1436,179,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Culicoides regalis. a) head; b) maxillary palp; c) hind tibial spines; d) mid tarsis; e) wing; f) halter; g) spermathecae with ring; h) male genitalia and i) aedeagus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7784453" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7784453/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Figs 8a and 8b</figureCitation>
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). Eyes contiguous for 3 facets. Antenna with SCo on flagellomeres 1, (9, 10), 11–13. Third palpal segment long, slender tapering beyond the mid point with numerous capitate sensilla and without sensory pit; fifth segment with 4 apical sensilla. Mandible with basal 4 broad, outwardly directed teeth.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,356,1931]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,295,753,779]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Thorax.</emphasis>
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Scutum brownish with distinct dark brown anterior and posterior margin; 3 longitudinally dark linear streaks; postscutellum dark.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,356,1931]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,255,825,851]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Legs</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[272,450,824,851]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,260,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[168,1425,194,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[151,1436,179,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Culicoides regalis. a) head; b) maxillary palp; c) hind tibial spines; d) mid tarsis; e) wing; f) halter; g) spermathecae with ring; h) male genitalia and i) aedeagus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7784453" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7784453/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Figs. 8c and 8d</figureCitation>
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). Brownish; fore and mid femora with pale basal, apical bands, hind femora with pale basal band, fore and mid tibiae with basal pale band, hind tibia with distinct basal and apical bands; hind tibial comb with 6–7 spines, second one long; spur tip frayed; claws equal.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,356,1931]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,264,932,958]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Wing</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[278,357,932,959]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,260,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[168,1425,194,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[151,1436,179,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Culicoides regalis. a) head; b) maxillary palp; c) hind tibial spines; d) mid tarsis; e) wing; f) halter; g) spermathecae with ring; h) male genitalia and i) aedeagus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7784453" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7784453/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Fig. 8e</figureCitation>
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). Pale area covering wing base, base of veins and proximal half of anal cell extending to posterior wing margin; pale spot over r-m crossvein reaching vein M, continuous to cell m, above Cu fork; poststigmatic pale spot covering almost entire 2
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<superScript attach="left" box="[531,547,1004,1018]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">nd</superScript>
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radial cell and extending broadly to wing margin, sometimes reaching vein M
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<subScript attach="left" box="[1428,1436,1023,1037]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">1</subScript>
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posteriorly, confluent with proximal pale spots of cells m
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<subScript attach="left" box="[793,801,1059,1073]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">1</subScript>
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and m
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<subScript attach="left" box="[875,883,1059,1073]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">2</subScript>
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; cell r
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<subScript attach="left" box="[955,963,1059,1073]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">3</subScript>
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distal pale spot distant from wing margin, near to vein M
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<subScript attach="left" box="[320,328,1095,1109]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">1</subScript>
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; vein M
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<subScript attach="left" box="[426,434,1095,1109]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">1</subScript>
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bordered by pale streak; cell m
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<subScript attach="left" box="[793,801,1095,1109]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">1</subScript>
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with a distal small oval spot not reaching wing margin; cell m
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<subScript attach="left" box="[221,229,1131,1145]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">2</subScript>
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with two spots, one anterior to Cu fork, the distal one large meeting with wing margin; cell cua
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<subScript attach="left" box="[1301,1309,1131,1145]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">1</subScript>
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with a pale spot extending to posterior wing margin, touching vein CuA
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<subScript attach="left" box="[828,836,1167,1181]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">1</subScript>
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; proximal portion of dark spot over vein CuA
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<subScript attach="left" box="[1353,1361,1167,1181]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">2</subScript>
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broad, narrowing posteriorly; anal cell with broad, medially constricted distal pale spot, some with two separated spots.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,356,1931]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,316,1220,1246]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Abdomen</emphasis>
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(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[336,422,1220,1247]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,260,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[168,1425,194,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[151,1436,179,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Culicoides regalis. a) head; b) maxillary palp; c) hind tibial spines; d) mid tarsis; e) wing; f) halter; g) spermathecae with ring; h) male genitalia and i) aedeagus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7784453" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7784453/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity box="[394,422,1221,1247]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="8.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" unit="g" value="8.0">8g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Brownish with dark streaks; two well developed, ovoid, subequal spermatheca well sclerotized with short oblique necks; tubular rudimentary spermatheca small; small sclerotized ring present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,356,1931]" box="[199,808,1292,1319]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,267,1293,1319]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Similar to female with usual sexual differences.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,356,1931]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,309,1328,1354]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[326,495,1328,1354]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,260,1855,1881]" captionTargetBox="[168,1425,194,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-18@15.[151,1436,179,1831]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Culicoides regalis. a) head; b) maxillary palp; c) hind tibial spines; d) mid tarsis; e) wing; f) halter; g) spermathecae with ring; h) male genitalia and i) aedeagus" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7784453" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7784453/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Figs. 8h and 8i</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sternum IX broad with depressed caudal margin. Tergum IX without apicolateral process; posterior margin of tergum IX terminating before apex of gonocoxite. Gonocoxite broad basally, narrowing apically with distinct dorsal root. Gonostylus dilated at base, curved medially, terminating with a blunt tip. Aedeagus weakly sclerotized with short, bent basal arms, stem ending with tubular round tip. Parameres broad basally with basal arms, stem dilated, gradually tapering.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,356,1931]" box="[199,455,1508,1535]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,338,1509,1535]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Immatures.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,356,1931]" box="[199,497,1544,1571]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,380,1544,1571]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Larval habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[199,1283,1580,1607]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,356,1931]" box="[199,1283,1580,1607]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,353,1580,1606]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[359,417,1580,1606]" name="India" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Darjeeling, Tindharia, Kurseong, Neora Valley National Park,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1131,1275,1580,1607]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="419" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,356,1931]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,1617,1643]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This widespread species resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[728,871,1616,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isoregalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[728,871,1616,1643]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">C. isoregalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but differs in having a broad pale spot at base of wing extending to posterior wing margin in anal cell and presence of a constricted bilobed distal pale spot in anal cell. This species shows similarity with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[606,757,1688,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoregalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[606,757,1688,1715]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">C. neoregalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but varies in antennal ratio, palpal ratio (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1228,1313,1688,1715]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,244,771,799]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric characters of female specimens of Indian species belonging to the Aterinervis group of subgenus Hoffmania" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), presence of many pale areas in wings, pale spot over cell 2
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[728,744,1724,1738]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">nd</superScript>
|
||
radial cell straddling over vein M
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[1139,1147,1743,1757]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">1</subScript>
|
||
, aedeagus terminating in more bulbous tip in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[383,534,1760,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoregalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[383,534,1760,1787]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">C. neoregalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[550,661,1760,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[550,661,1760,1787]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">C. regalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
looks alike
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[802,966,1760,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pararegalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[802,966,1760,1787]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">C. pararegalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have overlapping morphometric data but differs from this in having a larger pale spot in cell r
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[752,760,1815,1829]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">3</subScript>
|
||
and a single, constricted distal pale spot in anal cell. These characters may be variable therefore
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[576,741,1832,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pararegalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[576,741,1832,1859]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">C. pararegalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
so may in fact be a single, variable species but this requires further validation to confirm.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Majumdar, B. C." box="[481,679,1868,1895]" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" refId="ref11504" refString="Majumdar, B. C. (1972) Studies on Systematics and distribution of Culicoides midges (Ceratopogonidae: Diptera) of Eastern India. Ph. D. Thesis, The University of Calcutta, Calcutta, 263 pp." type="book" year="1972">Majumdar (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned variability of SCo on segments
|
||
<quantity box="[1159,1224,1868,1895]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.651" metricValueMax="2.032" metricValueMin="1.27" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" unit="in" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5-8 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1230,1339,1868,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1230,1339,1868,1895]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="419">C. regalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and also absent on flagellomeres 9 and
|
||
<quantity box="[493,550,1904,1931]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="14" pageNumber="419" unit="in" value="10.0">10 in</quantity>
|
||
specimens collected from NVNP.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |