319 lines
48 KiB
XML
319 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document id="38C76B784D0ED6B1352C0E37A1195854" ID-CLB-Dataset="29193" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4486.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8bf7deb9-6336-4232-aa5f-cf6805630d2a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1453233" ID-ZooBank="B87F5447-A747-4D96-8845-0B30B40412A3" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1539088940530" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Seo, Ji-Eun, Chae, Hyun Sook, Winston, Judith E., Zágoršek, Kamil & Gordon, Dennis P." docDate="2018" docId="C15C87DB7452FFE1FF0D8150BE95E086" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4486.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4486 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Alcyonidium bullitum Seo & Chae & Winston & Zágoršek & Gordon 2018, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="258" masterDocId="3D65FFA37456FFE6FF9A8367BF4EE12A" masterDocTitle="Korean ctenostome bryozoans-observations on living colonies, new records, five new species, and an updated checklist" masterLastPageNumber="283" masterPageNumber="251" pageNumber="255" updateTime="1698570765952" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="81F1F84F93D4189E4C73219435D3CA7E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="57CCF8EF71DF23A162D8F6DAE33E81DB">
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<mods:title id="819BCC630B264FAE3DF57D3374D0CFC9">Korean ctenostome bryozoans-observations on living colonies, new records, five new species, and an updated checklist</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="3A7EC86B858CE06180A907B8C6486A9B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2AE6F7304B0387F1051C5CF63B05784C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5B93F20BE1E31F0638DDEB1E4775877D">Seo, Ji-Eun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="21BB5C8608E4FE368FCA920A3F5DB2E3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="45F31CDD5032A9BD83E79438911E7AC6">Chae, Hyun Sook</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="24F54810DC5A855414FD6F093CA4D513" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AC10A952C074EB6AB19DD0B7780F946E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EBF68EEE357A0D7E4765F0827C707B01">Winston, Judith E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="3A980FC0C5FCEBCE0D0967BB08796AE0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="FC8527E76B417CC9FBCC9478E0532605">Zágoršek, Kamil</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="24DE012A443B54BFE0E4B831F5EA2C33" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="14E2C4638E1B396242C232B466208AEE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="136867F00B66419A7B7E400D6FC821EF">Gordon, Dennis P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C4632A143E1A12774471C8A3A7ABCBE4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7F6C8B8A5B5C0123C18E96ACDEC3A9F8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="27668D3F4C078CEF289F5D6979285343">
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<mods:date id="12DDFDA70CCF925EBA6D63DD5379BF8D">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="658E4074DC61C079D593003F7C0AEC48">2018-09-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="3DC3C31CCB85543E643260B359097507" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="0BBDB2C2BE6FFB22DD18EDC6A10C592F">4486</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="04CCC2CDE982769777EB8496FD16F7B4" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="C127738F00BE2A49646C332DC008B8C3">3</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="C111B7BC05FA95868609E76050AF00DF">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="38122D548C4B058FA92C08CF34F5903F" type="CLB-Dataset">29193</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D197F12B3798BA77288851B126F55218" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4486.3.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A3D1AB877ABDD08D724492486484AB0E" type="GBIF-Dataset">8bf7deb9-6336-4232-aa5f-cf6805630d2a</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="01D7C5C3741A4D22303B3240FA49A878" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B606D39C3B15AD62F8D5EC0A88FB55F4" type="Zenodo-Dep">1453233</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C15C87DB7452FFE1FF0D8150BE95E086" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5961761" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148663795" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5961761" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C15C87DB7452FFE1FF0D8150BE95E086" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C15C87DB7452FFE1FF0D8150BE95E086" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="258" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">
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<subSubSection id="01EF65467452FFE2FF0D8150BE44E359" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="494A36CD7452FFE2FF0D8150BEA7E378" blockId="4.[151,489,567,627]" box="[151,489,567,594]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">
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<heading id="120281A17452FFE2FF0D8150BEA7E378" bold="true" box="[151,489,567,594]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="7B81EADF7452FFE2FF0D8150BEA7E378" bold="true" box="[151,489,567,594]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">
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<taxonomicName id="8EF54D4E7452FFE2FF0D8150BEEEE37B" authority="Seo & Chae & Winston & Zágoršek & Gordon, 2018" authorityName="Seo & Chae & Winston & Zágoršek & Gordon" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,416,567,593]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Alcyonidiidae" genus="Alcyonidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bullitum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="7B81EADF7452FFE2FF0D8150BEEEE37B" bold="true" box="[151,416,567,593]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Alcyonidium bullitum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="60B257A47452FFE2FE3D815FBEA7E378" box="[423,489,568,594]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="494A36CD7452FFE2FF0D813DBE44E359" blockId="4.[151,489,567,627]" box="[151,266,602,627]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">
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(
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<figureCitation id="D1CE2A487452FFE2FF05813DBFA9E359" box="[159,231,602,627]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[181,1404,194,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[181,1405,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Alcyonidium bullitum n. sp., Junghwadong, Baengnyeong Island (MBRBKH4). A. Live encrusting colony on intertidal rock. B. Higher-magnification view of same colony showing large orifice and outer area with bubble-like kenozooids. C. Close-up of white orifice and long tentacle sheaths of autozooids. D. View of preserved colony through compound microscope showing large dark-colored autozooids and many interspersed kenozooids. E. Part of colony with many transparent kenozooids, showing rock surface beneath. F. Compound-microscope image showing very large orifices of autozooids and a few small kenozooids. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B, C = 1.2 mm; E = 0.60 mm; F = 0.30 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1453237/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="D1CE2A487452FFE2FF69813CBE4FE359" box="[243,257,603,627]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[173,1417,193,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[173,1417,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Alcyonidium bullitum n. sp., Junghwadong, Baengnyeong Island. A. Very young colony encrusting sea grass with tentacle crowns expanded (MBRBKP4). B. Large multilayered colony enveloping a crab from deeper water, including its eye (BKF1). C. Another view of seagrass colony in A. D. Preserved rock-encrusting colony showing position of retracted polypides (BKF1). E. SEM image of dried surface of colony from enveloped crab, showing area with protruding orifices and tips of tentacle sheaths of many autozooids (BKF1). F. Part of crab-encrusting colony surface with mostly kenozooids, some still with bubble-like frontal membranes, others collapsed (BKF1). Scale bars: A, C = 0.50 mm; D = 0.60 mm; E, F = 0.10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1453239/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">3</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="01EF65467452FFE2FF0D81C5BD15E3F4" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="494A36CD7452FFE2FF0D81C5BD15E3F4" blockId="4.[151,1437,674,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">
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<emphasis id="7B81EADF7452FFE2FF0D81C5BE50E391" bold="true" box="[151,286,674,699]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Etymology.</emphasis>
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Latin
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<emphasis id="7B81EADF7452FFE2FEF681C4BE8EE391" box="[364,448,675,699]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">bullitus</emphasis>
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, bubbling up, alluding to the bubble-like kenozooids at the colony surface; suggested common name, the bubble
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<taxonomicName id="8EF54D4E7452FFE2FE5D81A1BD1AE3F4" authorityName="Seo & Chae & Winston & Zágoršek & Gordon" authorityYear="2018" box="[455,596,710,734]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Alcyonidiidae" genus="Alcyonidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7B81EADF7452FFE2FE5D81A1BD1AE3F4" box="[455,596,710,734]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Alcyonidium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="01EF65467452FFE2FF5D818DBD99E245" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="494A36CD7452FFE2FF5D818DBD99E245" blockId="4.[151,1437,674,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">
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<emphasis id="7B81EADF7452FFE2FF5D818DBEF6E229" bold="true" box="[199,440,746,771]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="7B81EADF7452FFE2FE5C818CBD78E229" box="[454,566,747,771]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Holotype:</emphasis>
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MBRBKH4.
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<materialsCitation id="F99D3C907452FFE2FD78818CBD81E20D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1915274000" collectingDate="2017-05-17" collectionCode="MBRBKP" latitude="37.923" location="Junghwadong" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="124.6987" municipality="Baengnyeong Island" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" specimenCode="MBRBKP4" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="964E886F7452FFE2FD78818CBC07E228" box="[738,841,747,770]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" type="paratype">
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<emphasis id="7B81EADF7452FFE2FD78818CBC07E228" box="[738,841,747,770]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Paratype</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode id="19539EB67452FFE2FCC5818CBCABE229" box="[863,997,747,771]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">MBRBKP4</specimenCode>
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,
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<location id="4C2A60167452FFE2FC6D818DBBDBE229" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C15C87DB7452FFE1FF0D8150BE95E086:4C2A60167452FFE2FC6D818DBBDBE229" box="[1015,1173,746,771]" latitude="37.923" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="124.6987" municipality="Baengnyeong Island" name="Junghwadong" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Junghwadong</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="A92EACB77452FFE2FB32818CBAD9E229" box="[1192,1431,746,771]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Baengnyeong Island</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="2CC1500A7452FFE2FF0D8068BE55E20C" box="[151,283,783,807]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" precision="5" value="37.923">37.9230° N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="2CC1500A7452FFE2FEBD8069BEFBE20C" box="[295,437,782,807]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" precision="5" value="124.6987">124.6987° E</geoCoordinate>
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, intertidal,
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<collectingDate id="2D0FE9E57452FFE2FDAF8068BD81E20D" box="[565,719,783,807]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" value="2017-05-17">
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<date id="3D4B100D7452FFE2FDAF8068BD81E20D" box="[565,719,783,807]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" value="2017-05-17">17 May 2017</date>
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</collectingDate>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="7B81EADF7452FFE2FD438069BC6AE20C" box="[729,804,782,806]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Other:</emphasis>
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MBRBK 1696, Cheongpodae, Yellow Sea, 36.6344° N, 126.2997° E, encrusting on intertidal rock,
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<date id="3D4B100D7452FFE2FDE58055BC54E261" box="[639,794,818,843]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" value="2017-05-26">26 May 2017</date>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="F99D3C907452FFE2FCBF8055BD9DE245" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1915274002" collectingDate="2011-05-20" latitude="35.1608" location="Nakwoldo" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="126.1378" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<location id="4C2A60167452FFE2FCBF8055BCD4E261" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C15C87DB7452FFE1FF0D8150BE95E086:4C2A60167452FFE2FCBF8055BCD4E261" box="[805,922,818,843]" latitude="35.1608" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="126.1378" name="Nakwoldo" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Nakwoldo</location>
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waters, Yeonnggwang, Yellow Sea,
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<geoCoordinate id="2CC1500A7452FFE2FAAC8055BFE0E244" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" precision="5" value="35.1608">35.1608° N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="2CC1500A7452FFE2FF238031BE09E244" box="[185,327,854,879]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" precision="5" value="126.1378">126.1378° E</geoCoordinate>
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, encrusting on crabs,
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<collectingDate id="2D0FE9E57452FFE2FDA18030BD9DE245" box="[571,723,855,879]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" value="2011-05-20">
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<date id="3D4B100D7452FFE2FDA18030BD9DE245" box="[571,723,855,879]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" value="2011-05-20">20 May 2011</date>
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</collectingDate>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="01EF65467452FFE2FF5D801DBB8EE4F9" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="494A36CD7452FFE2FF5D801DBB8EE4F9" blockId="4.[151,1437,674,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">
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<emphasis id="7B81EADF7452FFE2FF5D801DBE17E2B9" bold="true" box="[199,345,890,915]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Description.</emphasis>
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Gelatinous colony encrusting various substrata including sea grass, rocks, and live crabs, ranging in size from a few mm to several cm maximum diameter. Zooids elongate-oval to irregularly polygonal, quite transparent, translucent whitish outlines of retracted polypides visible inside, but grooves marking the walls that separate them are indistinct (
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<figureCitation id="D1CE2A487452FFE2FE408081BD16E2D4" box="[474,600,998,1023]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[181,1404,194,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[181,1405,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Alcyonidium bullitum n. sp., Junghwadong, Baengnyeong Island (MBRBKH4). A. Live encrusting colony on intertidal rock. B. Higher-magnification view of same colony showing large orifice and outer area with bubble-like kenozooids. C. Close-up of white orifice and long tentacle sheaths of autozooids. D. View of preserved colony through compound microscope showing large dark-colored autozooids and many interspersed kenozooids. E. Part of colony with many transparent kenozooids, showing rock surface beneath. F. Compound-microscope image showing very large orifices of autozooids and a few small kenozooids. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B, C = 1.2 mm; E = 0.60 mm; F = 0.30 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1453237/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Figs 2C, D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="D1CE2A487452FFE2FDFE8080BDC6E2D5" box="[612,648,999,1023]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[173,1417,193,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[173,1417,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Alcyonidium bullitum n. sp., Junghwadong, Baengnyeong Island. A. Very young colony encrusting sea grass with tentacle crowns expanded (MBRBKP4). B. Large multilayered colony enveloping a crab from deeper water, including its eye (BKF1). C. Another view of seagrass colony in A. D. Preserved rock-encrusting colony showing position of retracted polypides (BKF1). E. SEM image of dried surface of colony from enveloped crab, showing area with protruding orifices and tips of tentacle sheaths of many autozooids (BKF1). F. Part of crab-encrusting colony surface with mostly kenozooids, some still with bubble-like frontal membranes, others collapsed (BKF1). Scale bars: A, C = 0.50 mm; D = 0.60 mm; E, F = 0.10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1453239/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">3C</figureCitation>
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). Zooid length, mean
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<quantity id="8E0D9B287452FFE2FCE48081BCBEE2D4" box="[894,1008,998,1023]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.51" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="0.551">0.551 mm</quantity>
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in young colonies on sea grass blades (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D1CE2A487452FFE2FF05876DBFAAE509" box="[159,228,1034,1059]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[181,1404,194,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[181,1405,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Alcyonidium bullitum n. sp., Junghwadong, Baengnyeong Island (MBRBKH4). A. Live encrusting colony on intertidal rock. B. Higher-magnification view of same colony showing large orifice and outer area with bubble-like kenozooids. C. Close-up of white orifice and long tentacle sheaths of autozooids. D. View of preserved colony through compound microscope showing large dark-colored autozooids and many interspersed kenozooids. E. Part of colony with many transparent kenozooids, showing rock surface beneath. F. Compound-microscope image showing very large orifices of autozooids and a few small kenozooids. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B, C = 1.2 mm; E = 0.60 mm; F = 0.30 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1453237/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<quantity id="8E0D9B287452FFE2FEB2876DBED4E508" box="[296,410,1034,1059]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.92" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="0.592">0.592 mm</quantity>
|
||
in larger colonies on stone (range
|
||
<quantity id="8E0D9B287452FFE2FC87876DBC91E508" box="[797,991,1034,1059]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.215" metricValueMax="6.74" metricValueMin="3.69" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="0.5215" valueMax="0.674" valueMin="0.369">0.369–0.674 mm</quantity>
|
||
, N = 18). Zooid width, mean
|
||
<quantity id="8E0D9B287452FFE2FAB1876CBAD3E508" box="[1323,1437,1035,1059]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.33" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="0.333">0.333 mm</quantity>
|
||
(range
|
||
<quantity id="8E0D9B287452FFE2FF7C8749BEE9E56C" box="[230,423,1070,1095]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.97" metricValueMin="2.53" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="0.325" valueMax="0.397" valueMin="0.253">0.253–0.397 mm</quantity>
|
||
, N = 10). Orifice round, raised on low mound-like papilla at distal end of autozooid when retracted, expanding as a white circle almost the width of distal end of zooid as tentacle sheath begins to evert for zooid feeding. Retracted orifice width, mean
|
||
<quantity id="8E0D9B287452FFE2FD378710BC6DE5A4" box="[685,803,1143,1167]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="0.114">0.114 mm</quantity>
|
||
(range
|
||
<quantity id="8E0D9B287452FFE2FC1B8710BB09E5A4" box="[897,1095,1143,1167]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.245" metricValueMax="1.42" metricValueMin="1.07" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="0.1245" valueMax="0.142" valueMin="0.107">0.107–0.142 mm</quantity>
|
||
, N = 21). As colonies grow, increasing numbers of small transparent and bubble-like kenozooids develop between autozooids in rows and sheets, filling in areas between adjacent sheets of autozooids as they fan outward, thus rapidly increasing colony size. Because of their roundness, small size (about one-sixth the length of an autozooid) and transparency, kenozooids resemble patches of tiny bubbles embedded in colony surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D1CE2A487452FFE2FC7A8661BB15E435" box="[992,1115,1286,1311]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[181,1404,194,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[181,1405,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Alcyonidium bullitum n. sp., Junghwadong, Baengnyeong Island (MBRBKH4). A. Live encrusting colony on intertidal rock. B. Higher-magnification view of same colony showing large orifice and outer area with bubble-like kenozooids. C. Close-up of white orifice and long tentacle sheaths of autozooids. D. View of preserved colony through compound microscope showing large dark-colored autozooids and many interspersed kenozooids. E. Part of colony with many transparent kenozooids, showing rock surface beneath. F. Compound-microscope image showing very large orifices of autozooids and a few small kenozooids. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B, C = 1.2 mm; E = 0.60 mm; F = 0.30 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1453237/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Figs 2B–E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="D1CE2A487452FFE2FBF28660BBC6E435" box="[1128,1160,1287,1311]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[173,1417,193,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[173,1417,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Alcyonidium bullitum n. sp., Junghwadong, Baengnyeong Island. A. Very young colony encrusting sea grass with tentacle crowns expanded (MBRBKP4). B. Large multilayered colony enveloping a crab from deeper water, including its eye (BKF1). C. Another view of seagrass colony in A. D. Preserved rock-encrusting colony showing position of retracted polypides (BKF1). E. SEM image of dried surface of colony from enveloped crab, showing area with protruding orifices and tips of tentacle sheaths of many autozooids (BKF1). F. Part of crab-encrusting colony surface with mostly kenozooids, some still with bubble-like frontal membranes, others collapsed (BKF1). Scale bars: A, C = 0.50 mm; D = 0.60 mm; E, F = 0.10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1453239/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">3F</figureCitation>
|
||
). In some of kenozooids are tissue masses that may represent vestigial or developing polypides; others are clear, except at their walls. Tentacles 14–16, tentacle crown white, an equitentacled funnel in which individual tentacles are held straight, but which are capable of flicking inward and outward when feeding actively (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D1CE2A487452FFE2FC518615BB68E4A1" box="[971,1062,1394,1419]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[181,1404,194,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[181,1405,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Alcyonidium bullitum n. sp., Junghwadong, Baengnyeong Island (MBRBKH4). A. Live encrusting colony on intertidal rock. B. Higher-magnification view of same colony showing large orifice and outer area with bubble-like kenozooids. C. Close-up of white orifice and long tentacle sheaths of autozooids. D. View of preserved colony through compound microscope showing large dark-colored autozooids and many interspersed kenozooids. E. Part of colony with many transparent kenozooids, showing rock surface beneath. F. Compound-microscope image showing very large orifices of autozooids and a few small kenozooids. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B, C = 1.2 mm; E = 0.60 mm; F = 0.30 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1453237/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Figs 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="D1CE2A487452FFE2FBAB8614BB37E4A1" box="[1073,1145,1395,1419]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[173,1417,193,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[173,1417,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Alcyonidium bullitum n. sp., Junghwadong, Baengnyeong Island. A. Very young colony encrusting sea grass with tentacle crowns expanded (MBRBKP4). B. Large multilayered colony enveloping a crab from deeper water, including its eye (BKF1). C. Another view of seagrass colony in A. D. Preserved rock-encrusting colony showing position of retracted polypides (BKF1). E. SEM image of dried surface of colony from enveloped crab, showing area with protruding orifices and tips of tentacle sheaths of many autozooids (BKF1). F. Part of crab-encrusting colony surface with mostly kenozooids, some still with bubble-like frontal membranes, others collapsed (BKF1). Scale bars: A, C = 0.50 mm; D = 0.60 mm; E, F = 0.10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1453239/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">3A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
). In zooids with expanded tentacle crowns, the thick transparent introvert and transparent setigerous collar extend almost to level of mouth. Mode of reproduction unknown; newly settled colonies present at Baengnyeong Island in May.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="01EF65467452FFE1FF5D86B9BA5CE04E" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="258" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="494A36CD7452FFE2FF5D86B9BB87E63C" blockId="4.[151,1437,674,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B81EADF7452FFE2FF5D86B9BE75E4DD" bold="true" box="[199,315,1502,1527]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Very small colonies found on a piece of sea grass (with space) is used otherwise in ms had only autozooids. Larger colonies encrusting intertidal rocks had numerous bubble-like kenozooidal areas between groups of autozooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D1CE2A487452FFE2FE078541BEABE715" box="[413,485,1574,1599]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[181,1404,194,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[181,1405,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Alcyonidium bullitum n. sp., Junghwadong, Baengnyeong Island (MBRBKH4). A. Live encrusting colony on intertidal rock. B. Higher-magnification view of same colony showing large orifice and outer area with bubble-like kenozooids. C. Close-up of white orifice and long tentacle sheaths of autozooids. D. View of preserved colony through compound microscope showing large dark-colored autozooids and many interspersed kenozooids. E. Part of colony with many transparent kenozooids, showing rock surface beneath. F. Compound-microscope image showing very large orifices of autozooids and a few small kenozooids. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B, C = 1.2 mm; E = 0.60 mm; F = 0.30 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1453237/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Very large colonies that encrusted crabs dredged from the Yellow Sea also had relatively few autozooids compared to the number of kenozooids; the colonies covered the exterior of the crabs, including their eyes and appendages (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D1CE2A487452FFE2FDD68509BDE9E7AD" box="[588,679,1646,1671]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[173,1417,193,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[173,1417,193,1840]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Alcyonidium bullitum n. sp., Junghwadong, Baengnyeong Island. A. Very young colony encrusting sea grass with tentacle crowns expanded (MBRBKP4). B. Large multilayered colony enveloping a crab from deeper water, including its eye (BKF1). C. Another view of seagrass colony in A. D. Preserved rock-encrusting colony showing position of retracted polypides (BKF1). E. SEM image of dried surface of colony from enveloped crab, showing area with protruding orifices and tips of tentacle sheaths of many autozooids (BKF1). F. Part of crab-encrusting colony surface with mostly kenozooids, some still with bubble-like frontal membranes, others collapsed (BKF1). Scale bars: A, C = 0.50 mm; D = 0.60 mm; E, F = 0.10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1453239/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The species resembles the eastern Atlantic species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EF54D4E7452FFE2FA948509BE36E781" authority="Dalyell, 1848" authorityName="Dalyell" authorityYear="1848" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Alcyonidiidae" genus="Alcyonidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="mytili">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B81EADF7452FFE2FA948509BF99E781" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Alcyonidium mytili</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D644B3C7452FFE2FF4485F5BE36E781" box="[222,376,1682,1707]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" refId="ref9363" refString="Dalyell, J. G. (1848) Rare and Remarkable Animals of Scotland, Represented from Living Subjects: with practical observations on their nature. Vol. 2. London, J. Van Voorst, iv + 322 pp., 56 pls." type="book">
|
||
Dalyell,
|
||
<quantity id="8E0D9B287452FFE2FEDA85F4BE36E781" box="[320,376,1683,1707]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.69392" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" unit="in" value="1848.0">1848</quantity>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its initial transparency and some overlap in tentacle number (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EF54D4E7452FFE2FBCE85F4BBFAE781" authorityName="Dalyell" authorityYear="1848" box="[1108,1204,1683,1707]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Alcyonidiidae" genus="Alcyonidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="mytili">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B81EADF7452FFE2FBCE85F4BBFAE781" box="[1108,1204,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">A. mytili</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, range 13–18, mode 15;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D644B3C7452FFE2FF5B85D1BE9DE7E5" box="[193,467,1718,1743]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" refId="ref9321" refString="Cadman, P. S. & Ryland, J. S. (1996) Redescription of Alcyonidium mytili Dalyell, 1848 (Bryozoa, Ctenostomatida). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 1196, 437 - 450." type="journal article">Cadman & Ryland 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D644B3C7452FFE2FE4485D0BDD5E7E5" box="[478,667,1718,1743]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" refId="ref9411" refString="De Blauwe, H. (2009) Mosdiertjes van de Zuidelijke bocht van de Noordzee: Determinatiewerk voor Belgie en Nederland. Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee (VLIZ), Oostende, Belgium, 445 pp." type="book">De Blauwe 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EF54D4E7452FFE2FD4285D1BBC2E7E5" authority="(Fleming, 1828)" baseAuthorityName="Fleming" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[728,1164,1718,1743]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Alcyonidiidae" genus="Alcyonidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B81EADF7452FFE2FD4285D1BC9EE7E4" box="[728,976,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Alcyonidium hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D644B3C7452FFE2FC4485D1BBCDE7E5" box="[990,1155,1718,1743]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" refId="ref9627" refString="Fleming, J. (1828) A History of British Animals, exhibiting their descriptive characters and systematical arrangement of the genera and species of quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fishes, Mollusca, and Radiata of the United Kingdom. Edinburgh, Bradfute & Bell, xxiii + 565 pp." type="book">Fleming, 1828</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(tentacle number larger, range 14–18, mode 17–18; Ryland 1985) in the presence of many kenozooids, but the kenozooids of the Korean species are round and bubble-like, not raised and sometimes conical as are those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EF54D4E7452FFE2FBDA8598BB8DE63C" baseAuthorityName="Fleming" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[1088,1219,1790,1814]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Alcyonidiidae" genus="Alcyonidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B81EADF7452FFE2FBDA8598BB8DE63C" box="[1088,1219,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">A. hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="494A36CD7452FFE1FF5D8445BA5CE04E" blockId="4.[151,1437,674,2031]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="258" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">
|
||
Eight species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EF54D4E7452FFE2FE1D8444BD5AE611" authorityName="Seo & Chae & Winston & Zágoršek & Gordon" authorityYear="2018" box="[391,532,1827,1851]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Alcyonidiidae" genus="Alcyonidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B81EADF7452FFE2FE1D8444BD5AE611" box="[391,532,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Alcyonidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="31E2765D7452FFE2FD448444BC6FE610" box="[734,801,1827,1850]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, distributed from Sagami Bay (c. 35° N) northwards to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8B31F82F7452FFE2FF0D8421BE47E675" box="[151,265,1862,1887]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Most have a robust, erect colony form but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EF54D4E7452FFE2FD608421BB26E675" authority="Silen, 1942" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1942" box="[762,1128,1862,1887]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Alcyonidiidae" genus="Alcyonidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="nanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B81EADF7452FFE2FD608421BC92E674" box="[762,988,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Alcyonidium nanum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D644B3C7452FFE2FC7E8421BB26E675" box="[996,1128,1862,1887]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" refId="ref12131" refString="Silen, L. (1942) Carnosa and Stolonifera (Bryozoa) collected by Prof. Dr. Sixten Bock's expedition to Japan and the Bonin Islands 1914. Arkiv for Zoologi, 34 A (8), 1 - 33." type="journal article">Silén, 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EF54D4E7452FFE2FBEE8420BE06E6A9" authority="d'Hondt & Mawatari, 1986" authorityName="d'Hondt & Mawatari" authorityYear="1986" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Alcyonidiidae" genus="Alcyonidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="nipponicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B81EADF7452FFE2FBEE8420BA57E674" box="[1140,1305,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">A. nipponicum</emphasis>
|
||
d’Hondt &
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D644B3C7452FFE2FF0D840DBE06E6A9" box="[151,328,1898,1923]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" refId="ref10502" refString="Hondt, J. - L. d' & Mawatari, S. F. (1986) Les Alcyonidium (Bryozoa, Ctenostomida) des cotes du Japon. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 8 A, 457 - 469." type="journal article">Mawatari, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EF54D4E7452FFE2FE1A840CBC67E6A9" authority="d'Hondt & Mawatari, 1986" authorityName="d'Hondt & Mawatari" authorityYear="1986" box="[384,809,1898,1923]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Alcyonidiidae" genus="Alcyonidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="shizuoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B81EADF7452FFE2FE1A840CBEA0E6A9" box="[384,494,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">A. shizuoi</emphasis>
|
||
d’Hondt &
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D644B3C7452FFE2FDE2840DBC67E6A9" box="[632,809,1898,1923]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" refId="ref10502" refString="Hondt, J. - L. d' & Mawatari, S. F. (1986) Les Alcyonidium (Bryozoa, Ctenostomida) des cotes du Japon. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 8 A, 457 - 469." type="journal article">Mawatari, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are encrusting. These, however, differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EF54D4E7452FFE2FA85840CBAD5E6A9" authority="Seo & Chae & Winston & Zágoršek & Gordon, 2018" authorityName="Seo & Chae & Winston & Zágoršek & Gordon" authorityYear="2018" box="[1311,1435,1899,1923]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Alcyonidiidae" genus="Alcyonidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bullitum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B81EADF7452FFE2FA85840CBAD5E6A9" box="[1311,1435,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">A. bullitum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="60B257A47452FFE2FF0D84E9BF99E68D" box="[151,215,1934,1959]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B81EADF7452FFE2FF0D84E9BF99E68D" bold="true" box="[151,215,1934,1959]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in several respects—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EF54D4E7452FFE2FE5084E8BD78E68C" authorityName="Silen" authorityYear="1942" box="[458,566,1935,1958]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Alcyonidiidae" genus="Alcyonidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="nanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B81EADF7452FFE2FE5084E8BD78E68C" box="[458,566,1935,1958]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">A. nanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has about 20 tentacles, the orifice is wholly non-projecting, and there are no kenozooids;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EF54D4E7452FFE2FEB284D4BE80E6E0" authorityName="d'Hondt & Mawatari" authorityYear="1986" box="[296,462,1971,1994]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Alcyonidiidae" genus="Alcyonidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="nipponicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B81EADF7452FFE2FEB284D4BE80E6E0" box="[296,462,1971,1994]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">A. nipponicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has whitish colonies when alive, 15 tentacles, fusiform to oval zooidal outlines and very thick interior walls but no kenozooids; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EF54D4E7452FFE2FD2884B0BC51E6C4" authorityName="d'Hondt & Mawatari" authorityYear="1986" box="[690,799,2006,2030]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Alcyonidiidae" genus="Alcyonidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="shizuoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B81EADF7452FFE2FD2884B0BC51E6C4" box="[690,799,2006,2030]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">A. shizuoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 12–15 (mostly 13–14) tentacles, a wide-diameter peristome, and many interzooidal kenozooids that are quadrangular, not bubble-like. The zooids of these three species are proportionally less elongate than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EF54D4E7451FFE1FD3083DBBC68E1FE" authority="Seo & Chae & Winston & Zágoršek & Gordon, 2018" authorityName="Seo & Chae & Winston & Zágoršek & Gordon" authorityYear="2018" box="[682,806,188,212]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Alcyonidiidae" genus="Alcyonidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="258" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bullitum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B81EADF7451FFE1FD3083DBBC68E1FE" box="[682,806,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="258">A. bullitum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="60B257A47451FFE1FCB783DBBC22E1FF" box="[813,876,188,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="258" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B81EADF7451FFE1FCB783DBBC22E1FF" bold="true" box="[813,876,188,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="258">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Another encrusting species has been described from the Straits of Johor,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="31E2765D7451FFE1FE2983B8BD69E1D2" box="[435,551,223,248]" name="Singapore" pageId="7" pageNumber="258">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
, a much more tropical environment than those of Korean localities (Tilbrook & Gordon 2015).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EF54D4E7451FFE1FED68263BD7EE036" authorityName="Tilbrook & Gordon" authorityYear="2015" box="[332,560,260,284]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Alcyonidiidae" genus="Alcyonidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="258" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="jauhar">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B81EADF7451FFE1FED68263BD7EE036" box="[332,560,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="258">Alcyonidium jauhar</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has, like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EF54D4E7451FFE1FD308263BC65E036" authorityName="Seo & Chae & Winston & Zágoršek & Gordon" authorityYear="2018" box="[682,811,260,284]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Alcyonidiidae" genus="Alcyonidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="258" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bullitum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B81EADF7451FFE1FD308263BC65E036" box="[682,811,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="258">A. bullitum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, elongate transparent autozooids. Tentacle number is 15–16 and a few kenozooids occur, but the unilaminar colony does not undergo the massive development of kenozooids and aggressive overgrowth of substrata, including living crustaceans, found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EF54D4E7451FFE1FB14822BBA45E04E" authorityName="Seo & Chae & Winston & Zágoršek & Gordon" authorityYear="2018" box="[1166,1291,332,356]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Alcyonidiidae" genus="Alcyonidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="258" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bullitum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B81EADF7451FFE1FB14822BBA45E04E" box="[1166,1291,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="258">A. bullitum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="1D8A66457453FFE3FF0D8451BB64E6CF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1453237/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" startId="5.[151,250,1846,1868]" targetBox="[181,1404,194,1823]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="494A36CD7453FFE3FF0D8451BB64E6CF" blockId="5.[151,1437,1846,2021]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B81EADF7453FFE3FF0D8451BE58E661" bold="true" box="[151,278,1846,1868]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EF54D4E7453FFE3FE858451BEB3E666" authority="Seo & Chae & Winston & Zágoršek & Gordon, 2018" authorityName="Seo & Chae & Winston & Zágoršek & Gordon" authorityYear="2018" box="[287,509,1846,1868]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Alcyonidiidae" genus="Alcyonidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bullitum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B81EADF7453FFE3FE858451BEB3E666" box="[287,509,1846,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Alcyonidium bullitum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="60B257A47453FFE3FD9D8451BD0DE661" box="[519,579,1846,1867]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B81EADF7453FFE3FD9D8451BD0DE661" bold="true" box="[519,579,1846,1867]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, Junghwadong, Baengnyeong Island (MBRBKH4). A. Live encrusting colony on intertidal rock. B. Higher-magnification view of same colony showing large orifice and outer area with bubble-like kenozooids. C. Close-up of white orifice and long tentacle sheaths of autozooids. D. View of preserved colony through compound microscope showing large dark-colored autozooids and many interspersed kenozooids. E. Part of colony with many transparent kenozooids, showing rock surface beneath. F. Compound-microscope image showing very large orifices of autozooids and a few small kenozooids. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B, C = 1.2 mm; E = 0.60 mm; F = 0.30 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="1D8A66457450FFE0FF0D8427BA0CE6C5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1453239/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="257" startId="6.[151,250,1856,1878]" targetBox="[173,1417,193,1840]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="494A36CD7450FFE0FF0D8427BA0CE6C5" blockId="6.[151,1436,1856,2031]" pageId="6" pageNumber="257">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B81EADF7450FFE0FF0D8427BE5DE67F" bold="true" box="[151,275,1856,1878]" pageId="6" pageNumber="257">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EF54D4E7450FFE0FE838427BEBBE67C" authority="Seo & Chae & Winston & Zágoršek & Gordon, 2018" authorityName="Seo & Chae & Winston & Zágoršek & Gordon" authorityYear="2018" box="[281,501,1856,1878]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Alcyonidiidae" genus="Alcyonidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ctenostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="257" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="bullitum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B81EADF7450FFE0FE838427BEBBE67C" box="[281,501,1856,1878]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="257">Alcyonidium bullitum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="60B257A47450FFE0FE618427BD7AE67F" box="[507,564,1856,1877]" pageId="6" pageNumber="257" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B81EADF7450FFE0FE618427BD7AE67F" bold="true" box="[507,564,1856,1877]" pageId="6" pageNumber="257">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, Junghwadong, Baengnyeong Island. A. Very young colony encrusting sea grass with tentacle crowns expanded (MBRBKP4). B. Large multilayered colony enveloping a crab from deeper water, including its eye (BKF1). C. Another view of seagrass colony in A. D. Preserved rock-encrusting colony showing position of retracted polypides (BKF1). E. SEM image of dried surface of colony from enveloped crab, showing area with protruding orifices and tips of tentacle sheaths of many autozooids (BKF1). F. Part of crab-encrusting colony surface with mostly kenozooids, some still with bubble-like frontal membranes, others collapsed (BKF1). Scale bars: A, C = 0.50 mm; D = 0.60 mm; E, F = 0.10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="01EF65467451FFE1FF5D8208BE95E086" pageId="7" pageNumber="258" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="494A36CD7451FFE1FF5D8208BE95E086" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B81EADF7451FFE1FF5D8208BE2EE0A2" bold="true" box="[199,352,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="258">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Yellow Sea: Baengnyeong Island to Cheongpodae on eel grass (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EF54D4E7451FFE1FBB78216BBCCE0A2" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[1069,1154,369,392]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Zosteraceae" genus="Zostera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="7" pageNumber="258" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B81EADF7451FFE1FBB78216BBCCE0A2" box="[1069,1154,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="258">Zostera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), rocks and dredged crab carapaces, intertidal to
|
||
<specimenCount id="5FF3FD447451FFE1FE0182F3BE95E086" box="[411,475,404,428]" pageId="7" pageNumber="258" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="8E0D9B287451FFE1FE0182F3BE99E086" box="[411,471,404,428]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="258" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |