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<mods:title id="FD0BAAEF76675ED35B506032A0F683EA">Revision of the Western Palaearctic Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="C1225000FFFDFFBBB5BDA59DFA33FD20" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6135808" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194213809" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6135808" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C1225000FFFDFFBBB5BDA59DFA33FD20" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C1225000FFFDFFBBB5BDA59DFA33FD20" lastPageId="94" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<subSubSection id="0191B29DFFFDFFB9B5BDA59DFE4BF944" box="[151,483,1761,1787]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4934E116FFFDFFB9B5BDA59DFE4BF944" blockId="92.[151,483,1761,1787]" box="[151,483,1761,1787]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<heading id="127C567AFFFDFFB9B5BDA59DFE4BF944" bold="true" box="[151,483,1761,1787]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFDFFB9B5BDA59DFE4BF944" ID-CoL="7RL5" ID-ENA="495668" authority="Forster 1869" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1869" box="[151,483,1761,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFDFFB9B5BDA59DFE4BF944" bold="true" box="[151,483,1761,1787]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFDFFB9B5BDA59DFE95F944" bold="true" box="[151,317,1761,1787]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Syrphoctonus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2D1A9CE7FFFDFFB9B46EA59DFE4BF944" author="Forster, A." box="[324,483,1761,1787]" firstAuthor="Forster" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="135 - 221" part="25" refId="ref115560" refString="Forster, A. (1869) Synopsis der Familien und Gattungen der Ichneumonen. Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens, 25 (1868), 135 - 221." title="Synopsis der Familien und Gattungen der Ichneumonen" type="journal article" year="1869">Förster 1869</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="0191B29DFFFDFFB9B5BDA45BFD6EF8FF" box="[151,710,1831,1856]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="4934E116FFFDFFB9B5BDA45BFD6EF8FF" blockId="92.[151,1436,1831,2037]" box="[151,710,1831,1856]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFDFFB9B5BDA45BFE9AF8FF" bold="true" box="[151,306,1831,1856]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<typeStatus id="96305FB4FFFDFFB9B5BDA45BFF7AF8FF" box="[151,210,1831,1856]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFDFFB9B413A455FD6EF8FF" authority="Gravenhorst 1829" authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1829" box="[313,710,1831,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Bassus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exsultans">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFDFFB9B413A455FE5DF8FF" box="[313,501,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Bassus exsultans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2D1A9CE7FFFDFFB9B4D7A45BFD6EF8FF" author="Gravenhorst, J. L. C." bookContentInfo="1097 pp." box="[509,710,1831,1856]" firstAuthor="Gravenhorst" journalOrPublisher="Sumtibus auctoris, Vratislaviae" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" part="III" refId="ref116023" refString="Gravenhorst, J. L. C. (1829) Ichneumonologia Europaea. Pars III. Sumtibus auctoris, Vratislaviae, 1097 pp." title="Ichneumonologia Europaea" type="book" year="1829">Gravenhorst 1829</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0191B29DFFFDFFB9B5EDA430FE51F86F" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4934E116FFFDFFB9B5EDA430FE51F86F" blockId="92.[151,1436,1831,2037]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
Recently, this genus was restricted to include only the
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFDFFB9B663A431FC6CF8DB" box="[841,964,1869,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatorius">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFDFFB9B663A431FC6CF8DB" box="[841,964,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">tarsatorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFDFFB9B12BA430FBEAF8DA" box="[1025,1090,1868,1893]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">laevis</emphasis>
species groups as defined by
<bibRefCitation id="2D1A9CE7FFFDFFB9B5BDA413FE96F837" author="Dasch, C. E." box="[151,318,1903,1928]" firstAuthor="Dasch" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 304" part="3" refId="ref114528" refString="Dasch, C. E. (1964 a) Ichneumon-flies of America north of Mexico 5: Subfamily Diplazontinae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 3, 1 - 304." title="Ichneumon-flies of America north of Mexico 5: Subfamily Diplazontinae" type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="a">Dasch (1964a)</bibRefCitation>
, based on a large morphological and molecular analysis of the subfamily (
<bibRefCitation id="2D1A9CE7FFFDFFB9B1A4A413FA3FF837" author="Klopfstein, S. &amp; Kropf, C. &amp; Quicke, D. L. J." box="[1166,1431,1903,1928]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Klopfstein" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="226 - 241" part="59" refId="ref117259" refString="Klopfstein, S., Kropf, C. &amp; Quicke, D. L. J. (2010 a) An evaluation of phylogenetic informativeness profiles and the molecular phylogeny of Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Systematic Biology, 59 (2), 226 - 241. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / sysbio / syp 105" title="An evaluation of phylogenetic informativeness profiles and the molecular phylogeny of Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)" type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="a">
Klopfstein
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFDFFB9B024A40DFAE0F837" box="[1294,1352,1903,1928]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
2010a
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="2D1A9CE7FFFDFFB9B5BDA4E8FE3FF813" author="Klopfstein, S. &amp; Quicke, D. L. J. &amp; Kropf, C. &amp; Frick, H." box="[151,407,1940,1965]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Klopfstein" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="379 - 402" part="40" refId="ref117391" refString="Klopfstein, S., Quicke, D. L. J., Kropf, C. &amp; Frick, H. (2011) Molecular and morphological phylogeny of Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Zoologica Scripta, 40, 379 - 402." title="Molecular and morphological phylogeny of Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">
Klopfstein
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFDFFB9B43DA4E9FEFBF812" box="[279,339,1940,1965]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
). Other species previously included with in
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFDFFB9B6B3A4E8FB99F812" box="[921,1073,1940,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFDFFB9B6B3A4E8FB99F812" box="[921,1073,1940,1965]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Syrphoctonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are now referred to the genera
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFDFFB9B5BDA4C5FE8AF86F" box="[151,290,1977,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFDFFB9B5BDA4C5FE8AF86F" box="[151,290,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Homotropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFDFFB9B472A4C4FE5AF86E" box="[344,498,1976,2001]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fossatyloides</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0191B29DFFFDFFB8B5EDA4A0FA3DFEDA" lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="4934E116FFFDFFB8B5EDA4A0FA3DFEDA" blockId="92.[151,1436,1831,2037]" lastBlockId="93.[151,1437,151,1688]" lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFDFFB9B5EDA4A0FEE9F84A" bold="true" box="[199,321,2012,2037]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFDFFB9B463A4A0FE49F84A" box="[329,481,2012,2037]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFDFFB9B463A4A0FE49F84A" box="[329,481,2012,2037]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Syrphoctonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are most similar to some
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFDFFB9B64EA4A1FC47F84B" box="[868,1007,2013,2036]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFDFFB9B64EA4A1FC47F84B" box="[868,1007,2013,2036]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Homotropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species and some females might also be confounded with
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B4ABA3EBFDA7FF0F" box="[385,527,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Woldstedtius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B4ABA3EBFDA7FF0F" box="[385,527,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Woldstedtius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. From
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B74EA3E5FD47FF0F" box="[612,751,153,176]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B74EA3E5FD47FF0F" box="[612,751,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Homotropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, most
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B614A3EBFC7EFF0F" box="[830,982,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B614A3EBFC7EFF0F" box="[830,982,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Syrphoctonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species can readily be identified by the position of the spiracle of the third tergite on the laterotergite or level with the fold separating it from the dorsal part, the usually interrupted epicnemial carina, the lack of a fore wing areolet, and by the shape of the clypeus. Some of these characters, however, are subject to variation, sometimes even intra-specifically. I tried to account for any such difficulties by providing cross-references in the species keys. From
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B15EA25BFAAAFEFF" box="[1140,1282,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Woldstedtius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B15EA25BFAAAFEFF" box="[1140,1282,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Woldstedtius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, females of
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B5BDA230FE87FEDA" box="[151,303,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B5BDA230FE87FEDA" box="[151,303,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Syrphoctonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be identified by the shape of the ovipositor sheaths and usually the colouration of the hind tibia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0191B29DFFFCFFB8B5EDA20CFDB0FC1A" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="description">
<paragraph id="4934E116FFFCFFB8B5EDA20CFDB0FC1A" blockId="93.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
Face coriaceous and matt, without vertical impressions, in females entirely black or with a yellow central patch, in males entirely yellow. Clypeus with apical margin thin, with a basal elevation and impressed only laterally, resulting in the central area being convex and the sides being concave. Antenna with apical flagellomeres longer than wide, in males with linear, narrow tyloids, without long setae. Mesoscutum without notauli; coriaceous and matt with inconspicuous but sometimes dense punctures; yellow shoulder marks usually present; mesopleuron either entirely coriaceous and matt or rather smooth, especially on upper half, never strongly punctate; epicnemial carina interrupted behind fore coxae. Propodeum with carinae reduced, at most with some traces of lateral carinae; propodeal spiracle inconspicuous; scutellum only carinate basally. Fore wing areolet absent, although very rarely present as an aberration in
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B4E8A1ECFDF1FD17" box="[450,601,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatorius">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B4E8A1ECFDF1FD17" box="[450,601,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. tarsatorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; hind wing with 2–3 basal hamuli.
<collectingCountry id="319CA186FFFCFFB8B6C9A1F3FBB3FD17" box="[995,1051,655,680]" name="India" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Hind</collectingCountry>
tibia white, yellow or orange with apex dark. Female metasoma evenly tapered to apex; tergites without transverse impressions. First tergite without median dorsal carinae. Second tergite with spiracle dorsal, above lateral fold, third tergite with spiracle below or behind the fold. Metasoma black, often with yellow apical bands on most tergites, or orange on median tergites. Ovipositor sheaths 0.3 times as long as hind tibia, rather stout, laterally compressed, slightly tapered and fully enclosing ovipositor or diagonally truncate, with inconspicuous setae ventrally and apically. Males with tergites 9 and 10 as separate sclerites, sternite 9 about two times wider than long, emarginated apically, thus forming two lobes, their outer corners rounded.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0191B29DFFFCFFB8B5EDA0D3FEB6FBC3" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4934E116FFFCFFB8B5EDA0D3FEB6FBC3" blockId="93.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B5EDA0D3FEE1FC77" bold="true" box="[199,329,943,968]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Phylogeny.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B47AA0D3FE41FC77" box="[336,489,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B47AA0D3FE41FC77" box="[336,489,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Syrphoctonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is placed as the most basal genus of the
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B699A0D3FBE3FC77" box="[947,1099,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B699A0D3FBE3FC77" box="[947,1099,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Syrphoctonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus group, followed by the genera
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B5C0A0A8FED0FC52" box="[234,376,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Woldstedtius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B5C0A0A8FED0FC52" box="[234,376,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Woldstedtius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B4ADA0A9FE53FC53" box="[391,507,981,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Enizemum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B4ADA0A9FE53FC53" box="[391,507,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Enizemum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and finally
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B7A7A0A9FCB0FC53" box="[653,792,981,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B7A7A0A9FCB0FC53" box="[653,792,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Homotropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and related genera. Its monophyly is supported by some rather vague morphological characters such as the reduction of the epicnemial carina, which is very distinct in some but less so in other species (see keys and species descriptions). Molecular characters clearly support the monophyly of this genus, but only five species were included in these analyses (
<bibRefCitation id="2D1A9CE7FFFCFFB8B13FA743FAB2FBE7" author="Klopfstein, S. &amp; Kropf, C. &amp; Quicke, D. L. J." box="[1045,1306,1087,1112]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Klopfstein" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="226 - 241" part="59" refId="ref117259" refString="Klopfstein, S., Kropf, C. &amp; Quicke, D. L. J. (2010 a) An evaluation of phylogenetic informativeness profiles and the molecular phylogeny of Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Systematic Biology, 59 (2), 226 - 241. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / sysbio / syp 105" title="An evaluation of phylogenetic informativeness profiles and the molecular phylogeny of Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)" type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="a">
Klopfstein
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B1BEA73DFB64FBE7" box="[1172,1228,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">et al.</emphasis>
2010a
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="2D1A9CE7FFFCFFB8B00CA743FEBAFBC3" author="Klopfstein, S. &amp; Quicke, D. L. J. &amp; Kropf, C. &amp; Frick, H." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Klopfstein" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="379 - 402" part="40" refId="ref117391" refString="Klopfstein, S., Quicke, D. L. J., Kropf, C. &amp; Frick, H. (2011) Molecular and morphological phylogeny of Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Zoologica Scripta, 40, 379 - 402." title="Molecular and morphological phylogeny of Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">
Klopfstein
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B5BDA719FF67FBC2" box="[151,207,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0191B29DFFFCFFB8B5EDA7FBFEB1FB57" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4934E116FFFCFFB8B5EDA7FBFEB1FB57" blockId="93.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B5EDA7FBFEC8FB1F" bold="true" box="[199,352,1159,1184]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Distribution.</emphasis>
Probably Holarctic. Most of the non-European species currently known under this genus have not been compared to the new concept of
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B759A7D0FCA3FB7A" box="[627,779,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B759A7D0FCA3FB7A" box="[627,779,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Syrphoctonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and might be transferred to the genus
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B1E3A7D1FAFCFB7B" box="[1225,1364,1197,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B1E3A7D1FAFCFB7B" box="[1225,1364,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Homotropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the near future.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0191B29DFFFCFFB8B5EDA788FA27FAEB" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="4934E116FFFCFFB8B5EDA788FA27FAEB" blockId="93.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B5EDA788FE8FFAB2" bold="true" box="[199,295,1268,1293]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Biology.</emphasis>
Host records of
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B4F4A789FDDDFAB3" box="[478,629,1269,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatorius">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B4F4A789FDDDFAB3" box="[478,629,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. tarsatorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B780A789FC8CFAB3" box="[682,804,1268,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fissorius">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B780A789FC8CFAB3" box="[682,804,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. fissorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
indicate that these are polyphagous species which attack a variety of host genera. They have been reared most frequently from abundant host species of the genera
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B5BDA640FED1FAEA" box="[151,377,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B5BDA640FEBCFAEA" box="[151,276,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Epistrophe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epistrophe</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B435A640FED1FAEA" box="[287,377,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Syrphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Syrphus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B485A640FD85FAEA" box="[431,557,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Episyrphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B485A640FD85FAEA" box="[431,557,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Episyrphus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2D1A9CE7FFFCFFB8B716A640FD58FAEA" author="Schneider, F." box="[572,752,1340,1365]" firstAuthor="Schneider" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="155 - 194" part="23" refId="ref119549" refString="Schneider, F. (1950) Die Entwicklung des Syrphidenparasiten Diplazon fissorius Grav. (Hym., Ichneum.) in uni-, oligo und polyvoltinen Wirten und sein Verhalten bei parasitarer Aktivierung der Diapauselarven durch Diplazon pectoratorius Grav. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 23 (2), 155 - 194." title="Die Entwicklung des Syrphidenparasiten Diplazon fissorius Grav. (Hym., Ichneum.) in uni-, oligo und polyvoltinen Wirten und sein Verhalten bei parasitarer Aktivierung der Diapauselarven durch Diplazon pectoratorius Grav" type="journal article" year="1950">Schneider 1950</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="2D1A9CE7FFFCFFB8B7D1A640FC1AFAEA" author="Rotheray, G. E." box="[763,946,1340,1365]" firstAuthor="Rotheray" journalOrPublisher="Ecological Entomology" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="79 - 87" part="6" refId="ref119037" refString="Rotheray, G. E. (1981 b) Host searching and oviposition behaviour of some parasitoids of aphidophagous Syrphidae. Ecological Entomology, 6, 79 - 87." title="Host searching and oviposition behaviour of some parasitoids of aphidophagous Syrphidae" type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">Rotheray 1981b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="2D1A9CE7FFFCFFB8B694A640FB66FAEB" author="Fitton, M. G. &amp; Rotheray, G. E." box="[958,1230,1340,1365]" firstAuthor="Fitton" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="311 - 320" part="7" refId="ref115404" refString="Fitton, M. G. &amp; Rotheray, G. E. (1982) A key to the European genera of diplazontine ichneumon-flies, with notes on the British fauna. Systematic Entomology, 7 (3), 311 - 320." title="A key to the European genera of diplazontine ichneumon-flies, with notes on the British fauna" type="journal article" year="1982">Fitton &amp; Rotheray 1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="2D1A9CE7FFFCFFB8B1F3A640FA2BFAEB" author="Rotheray, G. E." box="[1241,1411,1340,1365]" firstAuthor="Rotheray" journalOrPublisher="Ecological Entomology" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="303 - 310" part="9" refId="ref119089" refString="Rotheray, G. E. (1984) Host relations, life cycles and multiparasitism in some parasitoids of aphidophagous Syrphidae (Diptera). Ecological Entomology, 9 (3), 303 - 310." title="Host relations, life cycles and multiparasitism in some parasitoids of aphidophagous Syrphidae (Diptera)" type="journal article" year="1984">Rotheray 1984</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0191B29DFFFCFFB8B5EDA623FC35F927" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4934E116FFFCFFB8B5EDA623FC35F927" blockId="93.[151,1437,151,1688]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B5EDA623FEB9FAC7" bold="true" box="[199,273,1375,1400]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Notes.</emphasis>
The use of the names
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B721A623FD0BFAC7" box="[523,675,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B721A623FD0BFAC7" box="[523,675,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Syrphoctonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B79BA61DFC94FAC7" box="[689,828,1377,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B79BA61DFC94FAC7" box="[689,828,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Homotropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B658A623FBA8FAC7" box="[882,1024,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Woldstedtius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B658A623FBA8FAC7" box="[882,1024,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Woldstedtius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differed between authors in the past. While
<bibRefCitation id="2D1A9CE7FFFCFFB8B5CEA6F9FE2FFA22" author="Forster, A." box="[228,391,1412,1437]" firstAuthor="Forster" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="135 - 221" part="25" refId="ref115560" refString="Forster, A. (1869) Synopsis der Familien und Gattungen der Ichneumonen. Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens, 25 (1868), 135 - 221." title="Synopsis der Familien und Gattungen der Ichneumonen" type="journal article" year="1869">Förster (1869)</bibRefCitation>
had already distinguished between the genera
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B68BA6F8FB92FA22" box="[929,1082,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B68BA6F8FB92FA22" box="[929,1082,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Syrphoctonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B15EA6F9FB57FA23" box="[1140,1279,1413,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B15EA6F9FB57FA23" box="[1140,1279,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Homotropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, later authors combined the two entities under a single name, which for a long time was
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B124A6DBFA30FA7F" authority="Morley" authorityName="Morley" authorityYear="1914" box="[1038,1432,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Homocidus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B124A6DBFB26FA7F" box="[1038,1166,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Homocidus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2D1A9CE7FFFCFFB8B1B2A6DBFA30FA7F" author="Morley, C." bookContentInfo="148 pp." box="[1176,1432,1447,1472]" journalOrPublisher="British Museum, London" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" part="3" refId="ref118169" refString="Morley, C. (1914) A Revision of the Ichneumonidae based on the collection in the British Museum (Natural History). Part III. Tribes Pimplides and Bassides. Vol. 3. British Museum, London, 148 pp." title="A Revision of the Ichneumonidae based on the collection in the British Museum (Natural History). Part III. Tribes Pimplides and Bassides" type="book" year="1914">Morley (Morley 1914</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="2D1A9CE7FFFCFFB8B5BDA6B0FE3EFA5A" author="Schmiedeknecht, O." box="[151,406,1484,1509]" firstAuthor="Schmiedeknecht" journalOrPublisher="Schmiedeknecht, Blankenburg, Thuringen" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="3283 - 3442" refId="ref119476" refString="Schmiedeknecht, O. (1926) Opuscula Ichneumonologica, V. (Fasc. XLII - XLIII.): Tryphoninae. Schmiedeknecht, Blankenburg, Thuringen, pp. 3283 - 3442." title="Opuscula Ichneumonologica, V. (Fasc. XLII - XLIII.): Tryphoninae" type="book chapter" year="1926">Schmiedeknecht 1926</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="2D1A9CE7FFFCFFB8B489A6B0FD92FA5B" author="Uchida, T." box="[419,570,1484,1509]" firstAuthor="Uchida" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="243 - 298" part="25" refId="ref120746" refString="Uchida, T. (1930) Vierter Beitrag zur Ichneumoniden-Fauna Japans. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, 25, 243 - 298." title="Vierter Beitrag zur Ichneumoniden-Fauna Japans" type="journal article" year="1930">Uchida 1930</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="2D1A9CE7FFFCFFB8B77AA6B0FD47FA5B" author="Beirne, B. P." box="[592,751,1484,1509]" firstAuthor="Beirne" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society, London" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="661 - 712" part="91" refId="ref113424" refString="Beirne, B. P. (1941) British species of Diplazonini (Bassini auctt.) with a study of the genital and postgenital abdominal sclerites in the male. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society, London, 91 (13), 661 - 712. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1941. tb 01042. x" title="British species of Diplazonini (Bassini auctt.) with a study of the genital and postgenital abdominal sclerites in the male" type="journal article" year="1941">Beirne (1941)</bibRefCitation>
then even combined the species of these genera with most other diplazontines under
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B497A693FD84F9B7" box="[445,556,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B497A693FD8FF9B7" box="[445,551,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Diplazon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Diplazon</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2D1A9CE7FFFCFFB8B719A693FD70F9B7" author="Dasch, C. E." box="[563,728,1519,1544]" firstAuthor="Dasch" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 304" part="3" refId="ref114528" refString="Dasch, C. E. (1964 a) Ichneumon-flies of America north of Mexico 5: Subfamily Diplazontinae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 3, 1 - 304." title="Ichneumon-flies of America north of Mexico 5: Subfamily Diplazontinae" type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="a">Dasch (1964a)</bibRefCitation>
combined the species of
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B6D2A693FB39F9B7" box="[1016,1169,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B6D2A693FB39F9B7" box="[1016,1169,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Syrphoctonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B1E3A68DFAFCF9B7" box="[1225,1364,1521,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B1E3A68DFAFCF9B7" box="[1225,1364,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Homotropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
under the latter name, and used the name
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B70EA568FD14F992" box="[548,700,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B70EA568FD14F992" box="[548,700,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Syrphoctonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the genus now known as
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B122A568FB3EF992" box="[1032,1174,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Woldstedtius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B122A568FB3EF992" box="[1032,1174,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Woldstedtius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. As the
<typeStatus id="96305FB4FFFCFFB8B1DFA569FA8DF992" box="[1269,1317,1557,1581]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B5BDA54BFE87F9EF" box="[151,303,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B5BDA54BFE87F9EF" box="[151,303,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Syrphoctonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B471A545FD10F9EF" authority="Gravenhorst" authorityName="Gravenhorst" box="[347,696,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Bassus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exsultans">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B471A545FDB5F9EF" box="[347,541,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Bassus exsultans</emphasis>
Gravenhorst
</taxonomicName>
, a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B6E2A544FBCDF9EF" box="[968,1125,1592,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatorius">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B6E2A544FBCDF9EF" box="[968,1125,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. tarsatorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the genus combining the
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B5BDA521FE8AF9CB" box="[151,290,1629,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B5BDA521FE8AF9CB" box="[151,290,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Homotropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B473A520FE5AF9CA" box="[345,498,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B473A520FE5AF9CA" box="[345,498,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Syrphoctonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species was later referred to under this name. After the genus was split (
<bibRefCitation id="2D1A9CE7FFFCFFB8B00EA520FEB9F927" author="Klopfstein, S. &amp; Quicke, D. L. J. &amp; Kropf, C. &amp; Frick, H." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Klopfstein" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="379 - 402" part="40" refId="ref117391" refString="Klopfstein, S., Quicke, D. L. J., Kropf, C. &amp; Frick, H. (2011) Molecular and morphological phylogeny of Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Zoologica Scripta, 40, 379 - 402." title="Molecular and morphological phylogeny of Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">
Klopfstein
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B5BDA5FDFF67F927" box="[151,207,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
), both
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B477A503FE5DF927" box="[349,501,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B477A503FE5DF927" box="[349,501,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Syrphoctonus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B706A5FDFD1FF927" box="[556,695,1665,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B706A5FDFD1FF927" box="[556,695,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Homotropus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
became valid again.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0191B29DFFFCFFB8B5BDA59DFEEEF944" box="[151,326,1761,1787]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="4934E116FFFCFFB8B5BDA59DFEEEF944" blockId="93.[151,326,1761,1787]" box="[151,326,1761,1787]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<heading id="127C567AFFFCFFB8B5BDA59DFEEEF944" bold="true" box="[151,326,1761,1787]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" reason="1">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B5BDA59DFEEEF944" bold="true" box="[151,326,1761,1787]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Key to species</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0191B29DFFFCFFBBB5BDA45BFA33FD20" lastPageId="94" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="key">
<key id="3D1AB627FFFCFFBBB5BDA45BFA33FD20" lastPageId="94" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<keyStep id="F27FF9B3FFFCFFB8B5BDA45BFA33F8E5" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<paragraph id="4934E116FFFCFFB8B5BDA45BFA33F883" blockId="93.[151,1436,1831,2028]" box="[151,1435,1831,1852]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<keyLead id="F27A4223FFFCFFB8B5BDA45BFA33F883" box="[151,1435,1831,1852]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
1.
<collectingCountry id="319CA186FFFCFFB8B5CBA45BFEB9F883" box="[225,273,1831,1852]" name="India" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Hind</collectingCountry>
coxa red or yellow................................................................................ 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4934E116FFFCFFB8B5BDA439FA33F8E5" blockId="93.[151,1436,1831,2028]" box="[151,1435,1861,1882]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<keyLead id="F27A4223FFFCFFB8B5BDA439FA33F8E5" box="[151,1435,1861,1882]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
-
<collectingCountry id="319CA186FFFCFFB8B5CBA439FEB9F8E5" box="[225,273,1861,1882]" name="India" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Hind</collectingCountry>
coxa black, at least basally.......................................................................... 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="F27FF9B3FFFCFFB8B5BDA41EFA33F853" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<paragraph id="4934E116FFFCFFB8B5BDA41EFA33F80D" blockId="93.[151,1436,1831,2028]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<keyLead id="F27A4223FFFCFFB8B5BDA41EFA33F80D" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
2. Epicnemial carina indistinct on mesosternum, only present laterally. Metasoma black, tergites often with yellow hind margins, first tergite as long as or shorter than wide. In females, metasoma dorsoventrally depressed to gradually tapered.....................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B179A4E1FA33F80D" ID-CoL="5439B" authority="(Panzer, 1809)" authorityName="Panzer" box="[1107,1435,1949,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsatorius">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B179A4E1FAECF80D" box="[1107,1348,1949,1970]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Syrphoctonus tarsatorius</emphasis>
(Panzer)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4934E116FFFCFFB8B5BDA4C6FA33F853" blockId="93.[151,1436,1831,2028]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<keyLead id="F27A4223FFFCFFB8B5BDA4C6FA33F853" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
- Epicnemial carina fully developed. Metasoma usually orange on tergites 2 and 3, first tergite longer than wide. In females, metasoma usually laterally compressed posterior to fourth segment............... cf.
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFCFFB8B168A4ABFA33F853" authority="(Gravenhorst, 1829)" authorityName="Gravenhorst" box="[1090,1435,2007,2028]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signatus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFCFFB8B168A4ABFAA6F853" box="[1090,1294,2007,2028]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Homotropus signatus</emphasis>
(Gravenhorst)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="F27FF9B3FFFFFFBBB5BDA3EBFA33FF75" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<paragraph id="4934E116FFFFFFBBB5BDA3EBFA33FF13" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,671]" box="[151,1435,151,172]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<keyLead id="F27A4223FFFFFFBBB5BDA3EBFA33FF13" box="[151,1435,151,172]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">3. Scutellum black....................................................................................... 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4934E116FFFFFFBBB5BDA3C9FA33FF75" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,671]" box="[151,1435,181,202]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<keyLead id="F27A4223FFFFFFBBB5BDA3C9FA33FF75" box="[151,1435,181,202]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">- Scutellum marked with yellow........................................................................... 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="F27FF9B3FFFFFFBBB5BDA3AEFA34FE28" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<paragraph id="4934E116FFFFFFBBB5BDA3AEFA34FE80" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,671]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<keyLead id="F27A4223FFFFFFBBB5BDA3AEFA34FE80" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
4. Clypeus more than 2.5 times broader than high, smooth and polished, with apical lobes very weakly developed. Mesoscutum distinctly punctate, the punctures separated by less than their diameter, on a more or less smooth background, mespleuron weakly punctate at least along anterior margin. Metasoma black with yellow spots on posterior corners of tergite
<quantity id="8E734CF3FFFFFFBBB00FA271FAE3FE9D" box="[1317,1355,269,290]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
females and 3 or
<quantity id="8E734CF3FFFFFFBBB41FA256FE2DFE80" box="[309,389,298,319]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.143" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" unit="in" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4 to 5 in</quantity>
males.......................................................
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFFFFBBB177A256FA34FE80" ID-CoL="5434Z" authority="(Holmgren, 1858)" authorityName="Holmgren" box="[1117,1436,298,319]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFFFFBBB177A256FA9DFE80" box="[1117,1333,298,319]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Syrphoctonus borealis</emphasis>
Holmgren
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4934E116FFFFFFBBB5BDA23BFA34FE28" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,671]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<keyLead id="F27A4223FFFFFFBBB5BDA23BFA34FE28" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">- Clypeus usually about 1.5–2.0 times broader than high, with some coriaceous sculpture and apical lobes well developed. Mesoscutum mostly coriacesous and matt, punctures usually weak and rather sparse. Metasoma either entirely black, marked with orange, or with yellow spots on basal corners of some tergites, or with narrow yellow hind margins................ 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="F27FF9B3FFFFFFBBB5BDA2E3FA33FD95" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<paragraph id="4934E116FFFFFFBBB5BDA2E3FA34FE6D" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,671]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<keyLead id="F27A4223FFFFFFBBB5BDA2E3FA34FE6D" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
5. Epicnemial carina broadly interrupted on mesosternum, only present laterally. Metasoma black.
<collectingCountry id="319CA186FFFFFFBBB1BFA2E3FB6DFE0B" box="[1173,1221,415,436]" name="India" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Hind</collectingCountry>
tibia white or yellow with a dark apex. Mesosoma evenly shiny-coriaceous. First tergite as long as or shorter than wide..
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFFFFBBB18DA2C1FA34FE6D" ID-CoL="5436F" authority="Diller" authorityName="Diller" box="[1191,1436,445,466]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="idari">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFFFFBBB18DA2C1FAF6FE6D" box="[1191,1374,445,466]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Syrphoctonus idari</emphasis>
Diller
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4934E116FFFFFFBBB5BDA2A6FA33FD95" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,671]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<keyLead id="F27A4223FFFFFFBBB5BDA2A6FA33FD95" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
- Epicnemial carina fully developed. Metasoma usually orange on tergites 2 and 3.
<collectingCountry id="319CA186FFFFFFBBB6C1A2A6FBB3FE50" box="[1003,1051,474,495]" name="India" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Hind</collectingCountry>
tibia uniformly orange. Mesosoma with irregular sculpture, often coriaceous only on lower half of mesopleuron. First tergite longer than wide........................................................................................ cf.
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFFFFBBB168A169FA33FD95" authority="(Gravenhorst, 1829)" authorityName="Gravenhorst" box="[1090,1435,533,554]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signatus">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFFFFBBB168A169FAA6FD95" box="[1090,1294,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Homotropus signatus</emphasis>
(Gravenhorst)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="F27FF9B3FFFFFFBBB5BDA14EFA33FD20" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<paragraph id="4934E116FFFFFFBBB5BDA14EFA34FDDB" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,671]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<keyLead id="F27A4223FFFFFFBBB5BDA14EFA34FDDB" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
6. Scutellum yellow or with a yellow apical spot. Metasoma usually orange on tergites 2 and 3 and with yellow posterior bands on tergites 2–5, especially in males. Male antenna with tyloids on flagellomeres 7–14...
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFFFFBBB117A133FA34FDDB" ID-CoL="5435R" authority="(Marshall, 1870)" authorityName="Marshall" box="[1085,1436,591,612]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="desvignesii">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFFFFBBB117A133FA98FDDB" box="[1085,1328,591,612]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Syrphoctonus desvignesii</emphasis>
(
<collectingCountry id="319CA186FFFFFFBBB017A133FA3DFDDB" box="[1341,1429,591,612]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Marshall</collectingCountry>
)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4934E116FFFFFFBBB5BDA111FA33FD20" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,671]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<keyLead id="F27A4223FFFFFFBBB5BDA111FA33FD20" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
- Scutellum with a yellow margin, black centrally. Metasoma black, in males with two yellow spots on basal corners of tergite 3. Male antenna with tyloids on flagellomeres 2 to 10 or 11.........................
<taxonomicName id="8E8B9A95FFFFFFBBB11FA1F6FA33FD20" ID-CoL="5435Y" authority="(Gravenhorst, 1829)" authorityName="Gravenhorst" box="[1077,1435,650,671]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphoctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fissorius">
<emphasis id="7BFF3D04FFFFFFBBB11FA1F6FAA7FD20" box="[1077,1295,650,671]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Syrphoctonus fissorius</emphasis>
(Gravenhorst)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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