172 lines
16 KiB
XML
172 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3801.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="86799ab1-401c-405c-9122-a1e96d72fc0e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="249944" ID-ZooBank="E5F8C489-37F4-4A76-8E25-EFC65CDCA1D7" checkinTime="1460424227695" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Klopfstein, Seraina" docDate="2014" docId="C1225000FF96FFDDB5BDA4EDFCF7FB7A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03801p143.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3801 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.10:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="10" docTitle="Fossatyloides Klopfstein 2011" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="3D1B2878FFA1FFE5B52AA37CFFA8FFBF" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Western Palaearctic Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="143" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="56" updateTime="1648217984297" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the Western Palaearctic Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Klopfstein, Seraina</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2014-05-22</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>3801</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>143</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3801.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">86799ab1-401c-405c-9122-a1e96d72fc0e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">249944</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">E5F8C489-37F4-4A76-8E25-EFC65CDCA1D7</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6380844" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194256401" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6380844" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C1225000FF96FFDDB5BDA4EDFCF7FB7A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C1225000FF96FFDDB5BDA4EDFCF7FB7A" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<subSubSection box="[151,581,1937,1963]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="55.[151,581,1937,1963]" box="[151,581,1937,1963]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,581,1937,1963]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName authority="Klopfstein et al. 2011" authorityName="Klopfstein" authorityYear="2011" box="[151,581,1937,1963]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Fossatyloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,581,1937,1963]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,314,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fossatyloides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Klopfstein, S. & Quicke, D. L. J. & Kropf, C. & Frick, H." box="[321,581,1937,1963]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Klopfstein" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="379 - 402" part="40" refId="ref117391" refString="Klopfstein, S., Quicke, D. L. J., Kropf, C. & Frick, H. (2011) Molecular and morphological phylogeny of Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Zoologica Scripta, 40, 379 - 402." title="Molecular and morphological phylogeny of Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">
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Klopfstein
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[458,517,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
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<number box="[524,581,1937,1963]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="2011.0">2011</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[151,707,2008,2033]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph blockId="55.[151,707,2008,2033]" box="[151,707,2008,2033]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,306,2008,2033]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<typeStatus box="[151,210,2008,2033]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Holmgren 1858" authorityName="Holmgren" authorityYear="1858" box="[313,707,2008,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Bassus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Gracilentus">
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<emphasis box="[313,523,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Bassus gracilentus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Holmgren, A. E." box="[531,707,2008,2033]" firstAuthor="Holmgren" journalOrPublisher="Kongliga Svenska Ventenskapsakademiens Handlingar, N. F. 1" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" pagination="305 - 394" part="2" refId="ref116550" refString="Holmgren, A. E. (1858) Forsok till uppstallning och beskrifning af de i sverige funna Tryphonider (Monographia Tryphonidum Sueciae). Kongliga Svenska Ventenskapsakademiens Handlingar, N. F. 1 (2), 305 - 394." title="Forsok till uppstallning och beskrifning af de i sverige funna Tryphonider (Monographia Tryphonidum Sueciae)" type="journal article" year="1858">
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Holmgren
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<number box="[651,707,2008,2033]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1858.0">1858</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="56.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,321,151,176]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Males of this genus have unique modifications of the antenna, with a deep pit adjacent to the linear, narrow tyloid which is common in the genus group. Females are more difficult to place, but the petiolar area of the propodeum is enclosed by several parallel carinae, which is a unique feature. Some of the carinae can, however, be partly reduced in some specimens, and I thus include a short-cut in the
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<taxonomicName box="[947,1086,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[947,1086,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Homotropus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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key to the present genus. The diagnostic deep pit adjacent to the narrow, linear tyloid has also been described as a bulbous swelling (
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<bibRefCitation author="Dasch, C. E." firstAuthor="Dasch" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 304" part="3" refId="ref114528" refString="Dasch, C. E. (1964 a) Ichneumon-flies of America north of Mexico 5: Subfamily Diplazontinae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 3, 1 - 304." title="Ichneumon-flies of America north of Mexico 5: Subfamily Diplazontinae" type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="a">
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Dasch
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<number box="[151,210,332,357]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="1964.0">1964</number>
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a
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</bibRefCitation>
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), but this interpretation of the structure could not be confirmed. Even when antennae of a male caught in alcohol were exposed to increasing pressure (
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<bibRefCitation author="Klopfstein, S. & Quicke, D. L. J. & Kropf, C." box="[663,928,367,392]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Klopfstein" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="218" part="10" refId="ref117326" refString="Klopfstein, S., Quicke, D. L. J. & Kropf, C. (2010 b) The evolution of antennal courtship in diplazontine parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Diplazontinae). BMC Evolutionary Biology, 10, 218." title="The evolution of antennal courtship in diplazontine parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Diplazontinae)" type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="b">
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Klopfstein
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<emphasis box="[790,847,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
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<number box="[854,914,367,392]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2010.0">2010</number>
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b
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</bibRefCitation>
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), the pit remained invaginated. It can thus be assumed that this structure is rather a pit than an outward swelling also in the living wasp.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="56.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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Face coriaceous and matt, without vertical impressions, in females black, in males yellow. Clypeus with apical margin thin, impressed along margin, resulting in the central area being convex. Antenna with
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<number box="[1366,1436,476,500]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="20.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="19.0">19–21</number>
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flagellomeres, apical flagellomeres much longer than wide, in males with linear, narrow tyloids and adjacent pits, without long setae. Mesoscutum without notauli; entirely smooth and shining, yellow shoulder marks large, their inner corners usually extended into two parallel lines on mesoscutum; mesopleuron with some irregular sculpture on lower part; epicnemial carina complete ventrally. Propodeum with longitudinal carinae present, but basal area only indicated by weak carinae, with petiolar enclosed by several concentric, arcuate carinae; propodeal spiracle inconspicuous; scutellum only carinate basally. Fore wing areolet present, but vein
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<number box="[1087,1099,692,716]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="3.0">3</number>
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rs-m often unpigmented; hind wing with
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<number box="[272,286,728,752]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2.0">2</number>
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basal hamuli.
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<collectingCountry box="[452,508,727,752]" name="India" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Hind</collectingCountry>
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tibia orange. Female metasoma evenly tapered from fourth segment to apex, hind margins of the tergites convex, tergites without transverse impressions. First tergite without median dorsal carinae. Second and third tergites with spiracles dorsal, above lateral folds. Metasoma black, marked with orange on tergites
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<number box="[240,303,836,860]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2 to 4</number>
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or
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<number box="[340,357,836,861]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="5.0">5</number>
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. Ovipositor sheaths
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<number box="[584,619,836,860]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="0.3">0.3</number>
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times as long as hind tibia, tapered and diagonally truncate apically, thus with the extreme tip of the ovipositor exposed; with inconspicuous setae ventrally and apically. Male with tergites
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<number box="[151,165,908,932]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="9.0">9</number>
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and
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<number box="[223,251,908,932]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="10.0">10</number>
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as distinct sclerites, sternite
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<number box="[582,596,908,932]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="9.0">9</number>
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about two times wider than long, emarginated apically, thus forming two lobes, their outer corners rounded.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="56.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,329,980,1005]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Phylogeny.</emphasis>
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This genus was erected because
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<taxonomicName box="[695,848,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Bassus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Gracilentus">
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<emphasis box="[695,848,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">F. gracilentus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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clustered together with a species of a tropical genus,
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<taxonomicName box="[151,364,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Schachticraspedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[151,364,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Schachticraspedon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and outside the genus
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<taxonomicName box="[652,791,1017,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Homotropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[652,791,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Homotropus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as newly circumscribed in a molecular and combined molecular-morphological phylogeny (
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<bibRefCitation author="Klopfstein, S. & Quicke, D. L. J. & Kropf, C. & Frick, H." box="[578,833,1052,1077]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Klopfstein" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="379 - 402" part="40" refId="ref117391" refString="Klopfstein, S., Quicke, D. L. J., Kropf, C. & Frick, H. (2011) Molecular and morphological phylogeny of Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Zoologica Scripta, 40, 379 - 402." title="Molecular and morphological phylogeny of Diplazontinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">
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Klopfstein
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<emphasis box="[707,765,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
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<number box="[773,833,1052,1076]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" value="2011.0">2011</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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). For a more detailed picture of its origin, additional tropical taxa would need to be sampled, especially from the genera
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<taxonomicName box="[907,1120,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Schachticraspedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[907,1120,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Schachticraspedon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName box="[1174,1323,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Syrphidepulo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1174,1323,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Syrphidepulo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="56.[151,1437,151,1221]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,352,1124,1149]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Holarctic. Besides the Holarctic
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<taxonomicName authority="(Holmgren, 1858)" box="[725,1012,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Fossatyloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Gracilentus">
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<emphasis box="[725,1012,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fossatyloides gracilentus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, this genus also includes the Nearctic
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<taxonomicName authority="Dasch." authorityName="Dasch." box="[151,485,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Fossatyloides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Sicarius">
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<emphasis box="[151,401,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fossatyloides sicarius</emphasis>
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Dasch.
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[199,863,1196,1221]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="56.[151,1437,151,1221]" box="[199,863,1196,1221]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,295,1196,1221]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Biology.</emphasis>
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Nothing is known about the biology of this genus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |