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<document id="469E4D0211E4C84D4847F50940947B41" ID-CLB-Dataset="8641" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4912.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8a5efe86-cabc-4981-afb4-163791f2530c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4450930" ID-ZooBank="9536C1CF-4AEF-47F8-959B-48CD7A5392D8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1611086167060" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van, Rob W. M., Aryasari, Ratih &amp; De, Nicole J." docDate="2021" docId="361087A7FF8DFFEA55ABFAFB557FC8D4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4912.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4912 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Mycale (Carmia) tenuichela Van &amp; Aryasari &amp; De 2021, sp.nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="75" masterDocId="CA29FFDFFFC5FFA0553CFFA5506ACD15" masterDocTitle="Mycale species of the tropical Indo-West Pacific (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)" masterLastPageNumber="212" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="73" updateTime="1698924900638" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8002BB5DD010960017EBEC15556870DE">Mycale species of the tropical Indo-West Pacific (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="8B2FDF0D7575A0C819F1599C7621162A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D68DD9886825378FCC519E749412029E">Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F7297CC8E33FB6FC0BE5028FB907445B">Aryasari, Ratih</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="F98C7FD6E646ECE6E8C8BB4E340C3726">De, Nicole J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2D598B18204A734B02691032A7B9A8D1" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7985-5604</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="45C9E4A3033228CF6945D274C01CB828" type="email">rob.vansoest@naturalis.nl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="57D05791E4DDEE921DF8DF05DE3FD42F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D582FB0654583BE632B320C007431DC8">
<mods:date id="06D29A2EF1C57B389B3B571315861AA0">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="13A7DDC63E223C9607D0BF07DCFE8EC8">2021-01-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B2D7F5E1A5AF6CE79293B00E3816C0BC">4912</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="2BE722F634A967E39E745250C425965D" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4912.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="361087A7FF8DFFEA55ABFAFB557FC8D4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4464358" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177132483" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4464358" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:361087A7FF8DFFEA55ABFAFB557FC8D4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/361087A7FF8DFFEA55ABFAFB557FC8D4" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<subSubSection id="F6A3653AFF8DFFE855ABFAFB5223C86C" box="[151,585,1374,1401]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8DFFE855ABFAFB5223C86C" blockId="72.[151,585,1374,1437]" box="[151,585,1374,1401]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<heading id="E54E81DDFF8DFFE855ABFAFB5223C86C" bold="true" box="[151,585,1374,1401]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" reason="4">
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8DFFE855ABFAFB5223C86C" bold="true" box="[151,585,1374,1401]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="79B94D32FF8DFFE855ABFAFB5186C86C" ID-CoL="86X4F" authority="Van &amp; Aryasari &amp; De, 2021" authorityName="Van &amp; Aryasari &amp; De" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,492,1374,1401]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tenuichela" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Carmia">
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8DFFE855ABFAFB5186C86C" bold="true" box="[151,492,1374,1401]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Mycale (Carmia) tenuichela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="97FE57D8FF8DFFE854CFFAFA5223C86C" box="[499,585,1375,1401]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F6A3653AFF8DFFE855ABFA265179C888" box="[151,275,1411,1437]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="description">
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8DFFE855ABFA265179C888" blockId="72.[151,585,1374,1437]" box="[151,275,1411,1437]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<figureCitation id="26822A34FF8DFFE855ABFA265083C888" box="[151,233,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,237,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-36@73.[151,1435,237,1824]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 48. Mycale (Carmia) tenuichela sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 11435 from the Seychelles, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of peripheral skeleton, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II in back/side view, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma, h, raphidotoxas, h1 detail of raphidotoxa, i, trichodragma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4451056/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Figs 48</figureCitation>
a–h
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F6A3653AFF8DFFEA55ABFA6F54F7CF74" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8DFFE855ABFA6F5341CB3B" blockId="72.[151,1437,1482,2041]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8DFFE855ABFA6F5114C8F1" bold="true" box="[151,382,1482,1508]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="0ED13CECFF8DFFE854ADFA6E5341CB3B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026466843" collectingDate="1992-12-17" collectionCode="ZMA, SCUBA, R" collectorName="R. W. M. van Soest" country="Seychelles" elevation="6" latitude="-4.2833" location="Praslin Island" longLatPrecision="5539" longitude="55.7" municipality="Chevalier Bay" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="61028813FF8DFFE854ADFA6E5193C8F0" box="[401,505,1483,1509]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="D8A8AE74FF8DFFE85739FA6E5228C8F0" box="[517,578,1483,1509]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">ZMA</collectionCode>
Por. 11435,
<collectingCountry id="C6AE7621FF8DFFE857E1FA6E5332C8F0" box="[733,856,1483,1509]" name="Seychelles" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
, Mahé,
<collectorName id="134C5367FF8DFFE85686FA6E54F3C8F0" box="[954,1177,1483,1509]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<location id="BB66606AFF8DFFE85686FA6E5431C8F0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:361087A7FF8DFFEA55ABFAFB557FC8D4:BB66606AFF8DFFE85686FA6E5431C8F0" box="[954,1115,1483,1509]" country="Seychelles" latitude="-4.2833" longLatPrecision="5539" longitude="55.7" municipality="Chevalier Bay" name="Praslin Island" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Praslin Island</location>
, NW
</collectorName>
coast,
<collectingMunicipality id="5E62ACCBFF8DFFE851CDFA6E55F2C8F0" box="[1265,1432,1483,1509]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Chevalier Bay</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="DB8D5076FF8DFFE855ABFA4A5095CB1C" box="[151,255,1519,1545]" degrees="4.2833" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" precision="5" value="-4.2833">4.2833°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="DB8D5076FF8DFFE8543AFA4B513CCB1C" box="[262,342,1518,1545]" degrees="55.7" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" precision="5555" value="55.7">55.7°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="79419B54FF8DFFE8549BFA4A5194CB1C" box="[423,510,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="6.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="2.0">
<elevation id="3594D182FF8DFFE8549BFA4A5194CB1C" box="[423,510,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="6.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="2.0">2–10 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectionCode id="D8A8AE74FF8DFFE85736FA4A5200CB1C" box="[522,618,1519,1545]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">SCUBA</collectionCode>
, coll.
<collectionCode id="D8A8AE74FF8DFFE85792FA4A52A9CB1C" box="[686,707,1519,1545]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="134C5367FF8DFFE857FAFA4A5316CB1C" box="[710,892,1519,1545]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">W.M. van Soest</collectorName>
,
<collectingCountry id="C6AE7621FF8DFFE856B4FA4A5465CB1C" box="[904,1039,1519,1545]" name="Netherlands" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
<collectorName id="134C5367FF8DFFE8512BFA4A5545CB1C" box="[1047,1327,1519,1545]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Indian Ocean Expedition</collectorName>
stat. 703, field nr. IOP-E 703/04,
<date id="CA071071FF8DFFE8549CF9B6521FCB38" box="[416,629,1555,1581]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1992-12-17">
<collectingDate id="DA43E999FF8DFFE8549CF9B6521FCB38" box="[416,629,1555,1581]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1992-12-17">17 December 1992</collectingDate>
</date>
(live color red).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8DFFE855FBF9925157CB8C" blockId="72.[151,1437,1482,2041]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<materialsCitation id="0ED13CECFF8DFFE855FBF9925093CB60" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026466669" collectionCode="ZMA" collectorName="La Digue Island, SE" country="Seychelles" elevation="7" latitude="-4.3833" location="La Digue Island" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="55.8333" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="61028813FF8DFFE855FBF9925143CB44" box="[199,297,1591,1617]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="D8A8AE74FF8DFFE85413F9925106CB44" box="[303,364,1591,1617]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">ZMA</collectionCode>
Por. 11643,
<collectingCountry id="C6AE7621FF8DFFE854C9F992521ACB44" box="[501,624,1591,1617]" name="Seychelles" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
, Mahé,
<collectorName id="134C5367FF8DFFE857FAF99253CFCB44" box="[710,933,1591,1617]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<location id="BB66606AFF8DFFE857FAF9925310CB44" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:361087A7FF8DFFEA55ABFAFB557FC8D4:BB66606AFF8DFFE857FAF9925310CB44" box="[710,890,1591,1617]" country="Seychelles" latitude="-4.3833" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="55.8333" name="La Digue Island" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">La Digue Island</location>
, SE
</collectorName>
coast,
<geoCoordinate id="DB8D5076FF8DFFE856CDF9925433CB44" box="[1009,1113,1591,1617]" degrees="4.3833" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" precision="5" value="-4.3833">4.3833°S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="DB8D5076FF8DFFE85162F99354B3CB44" box="[1118,1241,1590,1617]" degrees="55.8333" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" precision="5" value="55.8333">55.8333°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="79419B54FF8DFFE8501AF9925538CB44" box="[1318,1362,1591,1617]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="7.0">
<elevation id="3594D182FF8DFFE8501AF9925538CB44" box="[1318,1362,1591,1617]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="7.0">7 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, SCUBA, coll
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="0ED13CECFF8DFFE85439F9FE5153CB8C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026466378" collectingDate="1992-12-23" collectionCode="R" collectorName="W. M. van Soest &amp; Indian Ocean Expedition" country="Netherlands" location="Netherlands" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="D8A8AE74FF8DFFE85439F9FE5170CB60" box="[261,282,1627,1653]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="134C5367FF8DFFE85421F9FE51B9CB60" box="[285,467,1627,1653]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">W.M. van Soest</collectorName>
,
<collectingCountry id="C6AE7621FF8DFFE854DCF9FE520DCB60" box="[480,615,1627,1653]" name="Netherlands" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
<collectorName id="134C5367FF8DFFE85752F9FE53EDCB60" box="[622,903,1627,1653]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Indian Ocean Expedition</collectorName>
stat. 735, field nr. IOP-E 735/02,
<date id="CA071071FF8DFFE8503AF9FE50A5CB8C" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1992-12-23">
<collectingDate id="DA43E999FF8DFFE8503AF9FE50A5CB8C" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1992-12-23">23 December 1992</collectingDate>
</date>
(orange)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8DFFE855FBF907516ECA10" blockId="72.[151,1437,1482,2041]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8DFFE855FBF9075128CBA9" bold="true" box="[199,322,1698,1724]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Descriptio</emphasis>
n (
<figureCitation id="26822A34FF8DFFE85462F90651D7CBA8" box="[350,445,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,237,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-36@73.[151,1435,237,1824]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 48. Mycale (Carmia) tenuichela sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 11435 from the Seychelles, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of peripheral skeleton, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II in back/side view, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma, h, raphidotoxas, h1 detail of raphidotoxa, i, trichodragma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4451056/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 48a</figureCitation>
). Thin crust on dead coral rubble, orange-red in life, beige in alcohol. Size 2 x
<quantity id="79419B54FF8DFFE85027F906553ACBA8" box="[1307,1360,1699,1725]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
lateral expansion, only a few mm in thickness. Surface smooth, no obvious openings (preserved). Consistency soft, easily damaged.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8DFFE855FBF8AB518CCAEC" blockId="72.[151,1437,1482,2041]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8DFFE855FBF8AB5144CA3D" bold="true" box="[199,302,1806,1832]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Skeleton</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="26822A34FF8DFFE85402F8AA51CACA3F" box="[318,416,1807,1834]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,237,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-36@73.[151,1435,237,1824]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 48. Mycale (Carmia) tenuichela sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 11435 from the Seychelles, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of peripheral skeleton, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II in back/side view, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma, h, raphidotoxas, h1 detail of raphidotoxa, i, trichodragma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4451056/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 48b</figureCitation>
). Tight spicule tracts traverse through the sponge from the substratum to the surface, more or less parallel, ending in spicule brushes. Thickness of tracts
<quantity id="79419B54FF8DFFE8566BF89453A4CA59" box="[855,974,1841,1868]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="45.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="30.0">30–60 µm</quantity>
. Separate loose bundles of raphidotoxas/ raphides are scattered between the skeletal tracts, random, not clearly localized. Individual mycalostyles and raphides/raphidotoxas are similar in length and and only slightly different in thickness, thus may be easily confused. Rosettes of anisochelae I are likewise scattered among the tracts, not very common. Overall presence of microscleres is low. The sections contained also much debris, sand grains, but these were not organized as part of the skeleton. Choanosomal tissue is grainy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8CFFE955FBFF335279CDC0" blockId="73.[151,1436,150,213]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8CFFE955FBFF335143CDA5" bold="true" box="[199,297,150,176]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Spicules</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="26822A34FF8CFFE95405FF3251FBCDA7" box="[313,401,151,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,237,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-36@73.[151,1435,237,1824]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 48. Mycale (Carmia) tenuichela sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 11435 from the Seychelles, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of peripheral skeleton, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II in back/side view, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma, h, raphidotoxas, h1 detail of raphidotoxa, i, trichodragma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4451056/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Figs 48</figureCitation>
c–h). Mycalostyles, anisochelae in three size categories, sigmas not certainly present, raphides/raphidotoxas, trichodragmas.
</paragraph>
<caption id="EAC66639FF8CFFE955ABF8925288CAA9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451056" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4451056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4451056/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" startId="73.[151,250,1847,1871]" targetBox="[151,1435,237,1824]" targetPageId="73">
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8CFFE955ABF8925288CAA9" blockId="73.[151,1436,1847,1980]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8CFFE955ABF8925170CA5A" bold="true" box="[151,282,1847,1871]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">FIGURE 48</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="79B94D32FF8CFFE95414F89D5223CA45" authority="Van &amp; Aryasari &amp; De, 2021" authorityName="Van &amp; Aryasari &amp; De" authorityYear="2021" box="[296,585,1848,1872]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tenuichela" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Carmia">
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8CFFE95414F89D5223CA45" box="[296,585,1848,1872]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Mycale (Carmia) tenuichela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="97FE57D8FF8CFFE95773F89D52F0CA5A" box="[591,666,1848,1871]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype ZMA Por. 11435 from the Seychelles, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of peripheral skeleton, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e,
<taxonomicName id="79B94D32FF8CFFE9548BF8255253CA82" authority="II" authorityName="II" box="[439,569,1920,1944]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anisochela">anisochela II</taxonomicName>
in back/side view, f,
<taxonomicName id="79B94D32FF8CFFE9562EF82553F7CA82" authority="III" authorityName="III" box="[786,925,1920,1944]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anisochela">anisochela III</taxonomicName>
(all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma, h, raphidotoxas, h1 detail of raphidotoxa, i, trichodragma.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8FFFEA55FBFF325284CDC0" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
Mycalostyles (
<figureCitation id="26822A34FF8FFFEA5452FF325186CDA4" box="[366,492,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,237,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-36@73.[151,1435,237,1824]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 48. Mycale (Carmia) tenuichela sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 11435 from the Seychelles, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of peripheral skeleton, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II in back/side view, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma, h, raphidotoxas, h1 detail of raphidotoxa, i, trichodragma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4451056/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Figs 48c,c</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="26822A34FF8FFFEA54D0FF32519CCDA4" box="[492,502,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1177,1201]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1154]" captionTargetId="figure-111@6.[151,1436,381,1154]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">1</figureCitation>
), thin, almost vestigial, with wide axial canals, straight, with elongate heads and blunt opposite ends, 201–
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8FFFEA548BFF1E519CCDC0" box="[439,502,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">251.8</emphasis>
–289 x 2–
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8FFFEA575AFF1E52E3CDC0" box="[614,649,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">2.7</emphasis>
–
<quantity id="79419B54FF8FFFEA57A4FF1F5280CDC0" box="[664,746,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 µm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8FFFEA55FBFF7A5361CC08" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
Anisochelae I (
<figureCitation id="26822A34FF8FFFEA5448FF7A51BDCDEF" box="[372,471,223,250]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,237,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-36@73.[151,1435,237,1824]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 48. Mycale (Carmia) tenuichela sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 11435 from the Seychelles, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of peripheral skeleton, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II in back/side view, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma, h, raphidotoxas, h1 detail of raphidotoxa, i, trichodragma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4451056/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 48d</figureCitation>
), narrow-shaped, but lower part of upper median alae verging slightly outwards, free part of the shaft 35% of spicule length, 25–
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8FFFEA5740FEA652C7CC08" box="[636,685,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">32.8</emphasis>
–
<quantity id="79419B54FF8FFFEA5787FEA6536DCC08" box="[699,775,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 µm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8FFFEA55FBFE8254FDCC70" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
Anisochelae
<collectionCode id="D8A8AE74FF8FFFEA5465FE825106CC54" box="[345,364,295,321]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">II</collectionCode>
(
<figureCitation id="26822A34FF8FFFEA5447FE8251B6CC54" box="[379,476,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,237,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-36@73.[151,1435,237,1824]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 48. Mycale (Carmia) tenuichela sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 11435 from the Seychelles, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of peripheral skeleton, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II in back/side view, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma, h, raphidotoxas, h1 detail of raphidotoxa, i, trichodragma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4451056/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 48e</figureCitation>
), overall similar to anisochelae in shape, but narrower-shaped, without outward verging upper median alae, lower median alae with conical upward protrusion, 20–
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8FFFEA5134FEEE5453CC70" box="[1032,1081,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">22.4</emphasis>
–
<quantity id="79419B54FF8FFFEA5174FEEF54F9CC70" box="[1096,1171,330,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 µm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8FFFEA55FBFECA5489CC9C" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1473]" box="[199,1251,367,394]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
Anisochelae
<collectionCode id="D8A8AE74FF8FFFEA5465FECA511FCC9C" box="[345,373,367,393]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">III</collectionCode>
(
<figureCitation id="26822A34FF8FFFEA54B8FECA5188CC9F" box="[388,482,367,394]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,237,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-36@73.[151,1435,237,1824]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 48. Mycale (Carmia) tenuichela sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 11435 from the Seychelles, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of peripheral skeleton, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II in back/side view, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma, h, raphidotoxas, h1 detail of raphidotoxa, i, trichodragma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4451056/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 48f</figureCitation>
), narrow, reduced with feebly developed lateral alae, 9–
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8FFFEA5168FECA54EFCC9C" box="[1108,1157,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">13.4</emphasis>
–
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8FFFEA55FBFE3653A1CCC4" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
Sigmas (
<figureCitation id="26822A34FF8FFFEA5410FE3651FBCCB8" box="[300,401,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,237,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-36@73.[151,1435,237,1824]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 48. Mycale (Carmia) tenuichela sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 11435 from the Seychelles, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of peripheral skeleton, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II in back/side view, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma, h, raphidotoxas, h1 detail of raphidotoxa, i, trichodragma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4451056/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
Fig.
<quantity id="79419B54FF8FFFEA545FFE3651FBCCB8" box="[355,401,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.8" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="g" value="48.0">48g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
), rare, not certainly proper (only a few were observed in spicule slides and sections), not clearly separated in categories, all thin (
<quantity id="79419B54FF8FFFEA576AFE1252C7CCC4" box="[598,685,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 µm</quantity>
in thickness),
<quantity id="79419B54FF8FFFEA566DFE1353ADCCC4" box="[849,967,438,465]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="36.5" valueMax="52.0" valueMin="21.0">21–52 µm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8FFFEA55FBFE7E50AECF28" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
Raphides/raphidotoxas (
<figureCitation id="26822A34FF8FFFEA54EAFE7E523ECCE3" box="[470,596,475,502]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,237,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-36@73.[151,1435,237,1824]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 48. Mycale (Carmia) tenuichela sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 11435 from the Seychelles, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of peripheral skeleton, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II in back/side view, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma, h, raphidotoxas, h1 detail of raphidotoxa, i, trichodragma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4451056/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Figs 48h,h</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="26822A34FF8FFFEA5768FE7E5234CCE3" box="[596,606,475,502]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1177,1201]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1154]" captionTargetId="figure-111@6.[151,1436,381,1154]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Numbers of available specimens for the present study from the collections of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center distributed over Indo-West Pacific Marine Ecoregions (MEOWS, cf. Spalding et al. 2007). B. Ditto for type specimens and additional specimens from other institutions consulted for this study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4450932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4450932/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">1</figureCitation>
), thin, curved, but not symmetrical (so technically not toxas or raphidotoxas, but presumed to be homologous to raphidotoxas), in loose bundles,
<quantity id="79419B54FF8FFFEA569BFE5A538BCF0C" box="[935,993,511,537]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 µm</quantity>
or less in thickness, length 50–
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8FFFEA5006FE5A550ECF0C" box="[1338,1380,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">279</emphasis>
–
<quantity id="79419B54FF8FFFEA504FFE5B50AACF28" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="350.0">350 µm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8FFFEA55FBFDE254F7CF74" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1473]" box="[199,1181,582,610]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
Trichodragmas (
<figureCitation id="26822A34FF8FFFEA5443FDE251B0CF77" box="[383,474,583,610]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1847,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,237,1824]" captionTargetId="figure-36@73.[151,1435,237,1824]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 48. Mycale (Carmia) tenuichela sp.nov., holotype ZMA Por. 11435 from the Seychelles, a, preserved habitus (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of peripheral skeleton, c–h, SEM images of spicules, c, mycalostyle, c1, details of mycalostyle, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II in back/side view, f, anisochela III (all anisochelae in same magnification), g, sigma, h, raphidotoxas, h1 detail of raphidotoxa, i, trichodragma." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4451056/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 48i</figureCitation>
), 6–11 x
<quantity id="79419B54FF8FFFEA577DFDE252F0CF74" box="[577,666,583,609]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 µm</quantity>
, individual raphides/microxeas 5–8 x
<quantity id="79419B54FF8FFFEA517AFDE354F3CF74" box="[1094,1177,582,609]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 µm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F6A3653AFF8FFFEA55FBFDCF544CCF90" box="[199,1062,618,645]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8FFFEA55FBFDCF544CCF90" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1473]" box="[199,1062,618,645]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8FFFEA55FBFDCF5184CF90" bold="true" box="[199,494,618,645]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="C6AE7621FF8FFFEA54C7FDCE521CCF90" box="[507,630,619,645]" name="Seychelles" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C6AE7621FF8FFFEA57BDFDCE52ABCF90" box="[641,705,619,645]" name="India" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Mahé</collectingCountry>
area, on shallow reefs,
<quantity id="79419B54FF8FFFEA56F6FDCE5448CF90" box="[970,1058,619,645]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="m" value="6.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="2.0">
2–
<specimenCount id="A8BFFD38FF8FFFEA56DBFDCE5448CF90" box="[999,1058,619,645]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="generic">10 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F6A3653AFF8FFFEA55FBFD2A527ACFD8" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8FFFEA55FBFD2A527ACFD8" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8FFFEA55FBFD2A5122CFBC" bold="true" box="[199,328,655,681]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Etymology</emphasis>
. The name is a compound noun, composed of tenuis (L.) = thin, slender, and chela, referring to the unusual slim anisochelae I and II.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F6A3653AFF8FFFEA55FBFD72557FC8D4" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8FFFEA55FBFD725555C968" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8FFFEA55FBFD72515ECFE4" bold="true" box="[199,308,727,753]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Remarks</emphasis>
. It proved rather difficult to pinpoint the exact properties of this species, because the specimens were very thin and small patches on coral rubble, which also harbored other such thin veneers, including other sponges of haplosclerid and microcionid affinity. These neighbors and also the debris and other inclusions caused contamination of the slides with a variety of spicules. Because two specimens were obtained, we were able to recognize the morphological characters, guided by the similar shapes of the characteristically thin and narrow anisochelae. There are similarities with above described
<taxonomicName id="79B94D32FF8FFFEA570EFC2E53E4CEB0" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1912" box="[562,910,907,933]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rhaphidotoxa" subGenus="Carmia">
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8FFFEA570EFC2E53E4CEB0" box="[562,910,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Mycale (Carmia) rhaphidotoxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in habitus, skeletal structure and size and shape of most spicule
<typeStatus id="61028813FF8FFFEA5470FC0A51E1CEDC" box="[332,395,943,969]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">types</typeStatus>
. Especially the narrow anisochelae I and II are similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="79B94D32FF8FFFEA5145FC0A5503CEDC" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1912" box="[1145,1385,943,969]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rhaphidotoxa" subGenus="Carmia">
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8FFFEA5145FC0A5503CEDC" box="[1145,1385,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">M. (C.) rhaphidotoxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but are even more slimly built than in that species. However, the large robust sigmas described in
<taxonomicName id="79B94D32FF8FFFEA5192FC7655F6CEF8" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1912" box="[1198,1436,979,1005]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rhaphidotoxa" subGenus="Carmia">
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8FFFEA5192FC7655F6CEF8" box="[1198,1436,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">M. (C.) rhaphidotoxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were definitely absent in the
<collectingCountry id="C6AE7621FF8FFFEA54E7FC525239C904" box="[475,595,1015,1041]" name="Seychelles" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
specimen, and it is possible that the few thin sigmas reported here are contamination from neighbouring sponges and not proper. Since both specimens have them, we assume here that they are proper despite their rarity. An additional difference is the presence of tiny trichodragmas. These were not common and at first only detected under SEM, but subsequently recognized also in sections and spicule slides.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8FFFEA55FBFB225566C818" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
Below we describe a species new to science from Lombok,
<collectingCountry id="C6AE7621FF8FFFEA564DFB22538BC9B4" box="[881,993,1159,1185]" name="Indonesia" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, named after the commander of H.M.S Siboga, G.F.Tydeman, which is also rather similar in overall microsclere complement to the present species, including having short trichodragmas. Differences are the possession of robust sigma I and proper toxas, both lacking in the present species. Anisochela I of the present species is much slimmer and different in overall shape
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE0636B1FF8FFFEA55FBFAB2557FC8D4" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<bibRefCitation id="DA284B40FF8FFFEA55FBFAB2518EC824" author="Vacelet, J. &amp; Vasseur, P." box="[199,484,1303,1329]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="51 - 126" refId="ref136938" refString="Vacelet, J. &amp; Vasseur, P. (1971) Eponges des recifs coralliens de Tulear (Madagascar). Tethys, Supplement 1, 51 - 126." type="journal article" year="1971">Vacelet &amp; Vasseur (1971)</bibRefCitation>
described a
<taxonomicName id="79B94D32FF8FFFEA574CFAB252A8C824" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[624,706,1303,1329]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8FFFEA574CFAB252A8C824" box="[624,706,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Mycale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 2 from
<collectingCountry id="C6AE7621FF8FFFEA567EFAB253A1C824" box="[834,971,1303,1329]" name="Madagascar" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, which showed some similarities with the present species. They reported no sigmas (apart from two serrated sigmas, which were obviously foreign), similar mycalostyles, several categories of anisochelae and raphides. The difference with the above described specimen (and also with
<taxonomicName id="79B94D32FF8FFFEA5400FA265241C888" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1912" box="[316,555,1411,1437]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rhaphidotoxa" subGenus="Carmia">
<emphasis id="8CCDEAA3FF8FFFEA5400FA265241C888" box="[316,555,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">M. (C.) rhaphidotoxa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) was the presence of small toxiform microscleres, not found in our specimens. No trichodragmas were mentioned by Vacelet &amp; Vasseur, but these could have been easily overlooked.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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