treatments-xml/data/98/1C/54/981C54D13B875448BEEC8D687B2B0E9A.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3053a769-23d9-4bdd-a263-2a906fa71fa0" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-87-5" ID-Pensoft-UUID="28A860579B6F5F42B8835BFDFA9C71DB" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5811327" ID-ZooBank="AC960296269742468E20BB61AA1AADBF" ModsDocID="1314-2607-87-5" checkinTime="1640348344306" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Awad, Jessica, Bremer, Jonathan S., Butterill, Philip T., Moore, Matthew R. &amp; Talamas, Elijah J." docDate="2021" docId="981C54D13B875448BEEC8D687B2B0E9A" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 87: 5-65" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 87" docPubDate="2021-12-23" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563" docTitle="Synopeas kira Awad 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="1CB11619-16D6-46B6-979A-7328DFA0204C" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="28A860579B6F5F42B8835BFDFA9C71DB" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="28A860579B6F5F42B8835BFDFA9C71DB" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="5" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1678757023542" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic treatment of Synopeas Foerster (Platygastridae, Platygastrinae) from the island of New Guinea</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Awad, Jessica</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6441-4016</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart. Rosenstein 1, 70191, Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jessica.awad@smns-bw.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bremer, Jonathan S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>FDACS-DPI. 1911 SW 34</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Butterill, Philip T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5554-6591</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>th &amp; St, Gainesville FL 32608, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Moore, Matthew R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>FDACS-DPI. 1911 SW 34</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Talamas, Elijah J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1048-6345</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>FDACS-DPI. 1911 SW 34</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-12-23</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>87</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>5</mods:start>
<mods:end>65</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.87.65563</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-87-5</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">AC960296269742468E20BB61AA1AADBF</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">28A860579B6F5F42B8835BFDFA9C71DB</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5811327</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="191737827" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1CB11619-16D6-46B6-979A-7328DFA0204C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/981C54D13B875448BEEC8D687B2B0E9A" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/1CB11619-16D6-46B6-979A-7328DFA0204C" authority="Awad" authorityName="Awad" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synopeas kira" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kira" status="sp. nov.">Synopeas kira Awad</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="5">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Body length 1.2-1.6 mm. Body color: black. Color of legs: coxae brown, otherwise yellow. Color of mesoscutellar spine: concolorous with mesoscutellar disc.</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="5811379" doi="10.3897/jhr.87.65563.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625619" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" start="Figure 32" startId="F32">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Figure 32.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Awad" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synopeas kira" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kira">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Synopeas kira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">A</emphasis>
lateral habitus (female paratype; FSCA 00000398) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
dorsal habitus (female paratype; FSCA 00090258) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
ventral habitus (female paratype; FSCA 00000398).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Head.</emphasis>
Shape of head in anterior view: slightly ovoid. Central keel: absent. Sculpture on frons: reticulate microsculpture. Epitorular sculpture: minute rugulae; reticulate microsculpture. Number of clypeal setae: 4. Length of median pair of clypeal setae: longer than lateral pair. Arrangement of clypeal setae: evenly spaced; medial setae closer to each other than to lateral setae. Shape of mandible: bidentate. Distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye (OOL): less than 1 ocellar diameter. Hyperoccipital carina: complete. Hyperoccipital carina strength: uniformly robust. Distance between lateral ocellus and hyperoccipital carina: less than 1 ocellar diameter; approximately 1 ocellar diameter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
Epomial carina: present, complete or nearly so. Microsculpture of lateral pronotum: present dorsally, absent ventrally. Lateral pronotal sculpture coverage: 1/2 to 2/3; 2/3 to 3/4. Mesoscutellar spine: long and thick. Mesoscutellar spine in lateral view: pointing posteriorly. Posterior margin of lateral propodeal carina in lateral view: pointed dorsally and ventrally. Mesosomal dorsum in lateral view: convex. Notauli: unmarked or faintly suggested. Parapsidal lines: very faint. Setation of mesoscutum: sparse. Mesoscutal lamella: long and narrow; roughly triangular. Setation of mesoscutellum: laterally dense, medially sparse.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Metasoma.</emphasis>
Microsculpture of S2: long band at posterior margin. Sculpture of T2: long transverse band of microsculpture at posterior margin; microsculpture present in patch at posterior margin, not extending to posterolateral corners. Length of T2: shorter than mesosoma; approximately as long as mesosoma.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Wing.</emphasis>
Length of setae on disc of forewing: longer than distance between setal bases. Density of setae on disc of forewing: dense. Arrangement of setae on disc of forewing: uniformly setose distally, proximally glabrous with linea setosa. Forewing marginal setae: setae on posterior margin distinctly longer than setae on anterior margin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Awad" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synopeas kira" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kira">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Synopeas kira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. kalubia" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="kalubia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">S. kalubia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from which it can be separated by the pattern of microsculpture at the posterior margin of S2. In 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. kira" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="kira">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">S. kira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the sculpture forms a wide band, longer than S3 (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Sculpture of metasomal sternite 2 A S. sanga (FSCA 00000399) B S. occultum (FSCA 00090403) C S. roncavei (FSCA 00090249) D S. kira (FSCA 00000398) E S. codex (FSCA 00034030) F S. luli (FSCA 00090412). Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.87.65563.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/625593" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">6D</figureCitation>
), and in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. kalubia" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="kalubia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">S. kalubia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is limited to a very narrow band. The absent or faint notauli of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. kira" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="kira">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">S. kira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
enable it to be easily separated from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. klingunculum" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="klingunculum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">S. klingunculum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. anunu" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="anunu">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">S. anunu</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Awad" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synopeas kira" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kira">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Synopeas kira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a dorsally convex and blunt mesoscutellar spine, distinguishing it from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. sanga" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="sanga">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">S. sanga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. occultum" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="occultum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">S. occultum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both of which have a short, pointed mesoscutellar spine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">The arrangement of the clypeal setae is variable, with the median pair of setae either closer to each other than to the lateral setae, or with all four setae evenly spaced.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
The epithet &quot; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Awad" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synopeas kira" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kira">Synopeas kira</taxonomicName>
&quot; is Manam for &quot;stone axe&quot; (
<bibRefCitation author="Osmond, M" editor="Ross, M" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Linguistics, Canberra" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" pagination="67 - 114" refId="B25" refString="Osmond, M, Ross, M, 1998. Household artefacts. In: Ross, M, Pawley, A, Osmond, M, Eds., The Lexicon of Proto Oceanic Volume 1: Material Culture. Pacific Linguistics, Canberra: 67 - 114" title="Household artefacts." volumeTitle="The Lexicon of Proto Oceanic Volume 1: Material Culture." year="1998">Osmond and Ross 1998</bibRefCitation>
) and refers to the shape of the mesoscutellar spine. The name is to be treated as a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="5" type="plant associations">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Plant associations.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
Reared from galls on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cypholophus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cypholophus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Cypholophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
) [GALL266, GALL428, GALL429]. One record from 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Debregeasia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Debregeasia longifolia" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Debregeasia longifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
) [GALL268].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Holotype</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Papua New Guinea</emphasis>
: ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.14141" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-6.14141">6.14141°S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="146.87415" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="146.87415">146.87415°E</geoCoordinate>
, 17.VII.2012, Philip Butterill leg., 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cypholophus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cypholophus macrocephalus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocephalus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Cypholophus macrocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FSCA 00090258). 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Paratypes</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Papua New Guinea</emphasis>
: ♀, Morobe, Yawan, 25.XI.2010, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Debregeasia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Debregeasia longifolia" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Debregeasia longifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (FSCA 00090431); ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 25.I.2011, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cypholophus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cypholophus friesianus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="friesianus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Cypholophus friesianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FSCA 00090434); 12♀ 2♂, Morobe, Yawan, 28.III.2012, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cypholophus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cypholophus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Cypholophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1 (FSCA 00090416, 00094498-00094501, 00094516-00094523, 00094616); 2♂, Morobe, Yawan, 29.III.2012, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cypholophus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cypholophus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Cypholophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1 (FSCA 00000416, 00094503); 2♂, Morobe, Yawan, 10.VII.2012, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cypholophus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cypholophus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Cypholophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 1 (FSCA 00000398, 00094546); ♀ ♂, Morobe, Yawan, 17.VII.2012, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cypholophus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cypholophus macrocephalus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocephalus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="5">Cypholophus macrocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FSCA 00094566-00094567).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>