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<document id="FA748E13A7A1B2F6A4E275252940D8CE" ID-DOI="10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.3.11" ID-ISSN="2624-2834" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8209319" ID-ZooBank="339DF6C2-7D16-4BAC-9428-B741F557717C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1691005761504" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="BARTEL, CHRISTIAN &amp; DUNLOP, JASON A." docDate="2023" docId="E7240C06FF8D686CFF729697FE576EA6" docLanguage="en" docName="palaeoentomology.6.3.11.pdf" docOrigin="Palaeoentomology 6 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.3.11" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4EE6FD780FF4521D541D0D0600705D0E.4:Palaeoentomology.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="4EE6FD780FF4521D541D0D0600705D0E" docStyleName="Palaeoentomology.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Halitherses grimaldii Giribet &amp; Dunlop 2005" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="287" masterDocId="1B1D747EFF856865FFFA9442FF816D4C" masterDocTitle="First eupnoid harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones: Eupnoi) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, with notes on sexual dimorphism in Halitherses grimaldii (Arachnida: Opiliones: Dyspnoi)" masterLastPageNumber="291" masterPageNumber="278" pageNumber="286" updateTime="1691006252701" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="6358AFFD7B571F515FA2D1482020D142" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="9B263D972B0161706CBC4E0E30D73883">
<mods:title id="595A629AA185FCE02FEFA645B95403AD">First eupnoid harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones: Eupnoi) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, with notes on sexual dimorphism in Halitherses grimaldii (Arachnida: Opiliones: Dyspnoi)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2E275CF9D87035EC39A5990EC3638056">BARTEL, CHRISTIAN</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="9D33B4BFEB0DCB30C4F69183D1EA1BBA">DUNLOP, JASON A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A6D3879DD3CA41835A4B14889F4E99C3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="C935E55E07B78FBA3546D1A54A94C46C">
<mods:title id="327D0A8B1200C46DFB27F8214CAC9B9A">Palaeoentomology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="55C9B15AA9BAD804DA978FE7FFCDF898">
<mods:date id="2008560A257F83FA8CAA45D15B8530DB">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0D650A8D5C420B85A723BF14EBD2BA66">2023-06-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="318D83EFD327D2D229E74BED48A5F12A">6</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="EFC99B353A425FCADE91B2D63491B331" type="issue">
<mods:number id="BB7C10854FF6C54FB2E6045D4C6AFB2C">3</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="41CA320CCB9B0F757F5DCBEF8BB510AA">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.3.11</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="606FE4F823D07E5A7A6BA82DE34A2757">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="7D9CC3FC74DAF26B721B97B49A85FB3A" type="DOI">10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.3.11</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CA118248184596F7887DB8ED9C6578A9" type="ISSN">2624-2834</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2659520D14FBD6AF14BB470779E1E3E2" type="Zenodo-Dep">8209319</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E7240C06FF8D686CFF729697FE576EA6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8209335" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8209335" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E7240C06FF8D686CFF729697FE576EA6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E7240C06FF8D686CFF729697FE576EA6" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="287" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">
<subSubSection id="2797EE9BFF8D686DFF729697FF416E59" pageId="8" pageNumber="286" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6F32BD10FF8D686DFF729697FF416E59" blockId="8.[136,777,725,827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">
<heading id="347A0A7CFF8D686DFF729697FF416E59" bold="true" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="286" reason="3">
<emphasis id="5DF96102FF8D686DFF729697FF416E59" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">
Species
<taxonomicName id="A88DC693FF8D686DFF169697FE666FBC" ID-CoL="7WHWG" authorityName="Giribet &amp; Dunlop" authorityYear="2005" box="[236,487,725,752]" class="Arachnida" family="Halithersidae" genus="Halitherses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="8" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grimaldii">
<emphasis id="5DF96102FF8D686DFF169697FE666FBC" bold="true" box="[236,487,725,752]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">Halitherses grimaldii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(?)
<bibRefCitation id="0B1CC0E1FF8D686DFDD89697FF416E59" author="Giribet, G. &amp; Dunlop, J. A." pageId="8" pageNumber="286" pagination="1007 - 1013" refId="ref9166" refString="Giribet, G. &amp; Dunlop, J. A. (2005) First identifiable Mesozoic harvestman (Opiliones: Dyspnoi) from Cretaceous Burmese amber. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 272, 1007 - 1013. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2005.3063" type="journal article" year="2005">Giribet &amp; Dunlop, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2797EE9BFF8D686DFF729763FF5D6E77" box="[136,220,801,827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="286" type="description">
<paragraph id="6F32BD10FF8D686DFF729763FF5D6E77" blockId="8.[136,777,725,827]" box="[136,220,801,827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">
(
<figureCitation id="F7B6A195FF8D686DFF6A9763FF556E77" box="[144,212,801,827]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[136,235,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,863,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-278@8.[151,1436,863,1897]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Halitherses grimaldii (?) MB.A.4458. A, Dorsal overview. B, Ventral overview. C, Ventral close-up of the body and chelicerae (apophyses arrowed). D, Camera lucida drawing of the ventral body, inset shows close-up of the cheliceral apophyses. Abbreviations: ap, apophysis; ch, chelicerae; fe, femur; go, genital operculum; oc, ocular tubercle; pa, patella; pp, pedipalp; ta, tarsus; ti, tibia; legs numbered from I–IV. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A, B), 0.25 mm (C), 1.0 mm (D) and 0.3 mm (D inset)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8209333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8209333/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2797EE9BFF8D686DFCD094DCFAD46C68" pageId="8" pageNumber="286" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="6F32BD10FF8D686DFCD094DCFC036D90" blockId="8.[810,1452,158,826]" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="5DF96102FF8D686DFCD094DCFC186DF4" bold="true" box="[810,921,158,184]" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">Material.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="099C25D5FF8D686DFC4894DCFC5E6DF5" box="[946,991,158,185]" country="Portugal" name="Universidade de Lisboa, Museu Bocage" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">MB</collectionCode>
.A.4458 (ex coll. Jörg Wunderlich, F2723).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6F32BD10FF8D686DFCA594A4FAD46C68" blockId="8.[810,1452,158,826]" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="5DF96102FF8D686DFCA594A4FBE86C4C" bold="true" box="[863,1129,230,256]" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">Locality and horizon.</emphasis>
Burmese amber, Hukawng Valley,
<collectingRegion id="AD4973F2FF8D686DFC789548FB946C68" box="[898,1045,266,292]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">Kachin State</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="179AFD80FF8D686DFBDA9548FB106C68" box="[1056,1169,266,292]" name="Myanmar" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
; mid-Cretaceous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2797EE9BFF8D686CFCA5956FFF556F52" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="287" pageId="8" pageNumber="286" type="description">
<paragraph id="6F32BD10FF8D686CFCA5956FFDDD6CFF" blockId="8.[810,1452,158,826]" lastBlockId="9.[136,778,158,1003]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="287" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="5DF96102FF8D686DFCA5956FFC706C0B" bold="true" box="[863,1009,301,327]" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">Description.</emphasis>
Body oval and dorsally completely ornamented, L 1.38. Prosoma dominated by an extremely large, strongly ornamented and bilobed ocularium, L 0.34,
<geoCoordinate id="0AB9DBD7FF8D686DFC9195DBFC416CFE" box="[875,960,408,435]" degrees="0.62" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="286" precision="555" value="-0.62">W 0.62</geoCoordinate>
(
<figureCitation id="F7B6A195FF8D686DFC2895DAFBAF6CFE" box="[978,1070,408,434]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[136,235,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,863,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-278@8.[151,1436,863,1897]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Halitherses grimaldii (?) MB.A.4458. A, Dorsal overview. B, Ventral overview. C, Ventral close-up of the body and chelicerae (apophyses arrowed). D, Camera lucida drawing of the ventral body, inset shows close-up of the cheliceral apophyses. Abbreviations: ap, apophysis; ch, chelicerae; fe, femur; go, genital operculum; oc, ocular tubercle; pa, patella; pp, pedipalp; ta, tarsus; ti, tibia; legs numbered from I–IV. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A, B), 0.25 mm (C), 1.0 mm (D) and 0.3 mm (D inset)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8209333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8209333/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Eye lenses also very large (eye lens diameter 0.22). Dorsal segments fused into
<emphasis id="5DF96102FF8D686DFAA695FEFC016CB5" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">scutum parvum</emphasis>
with free metapeltidium. Chelicerae moderately sized, distal segment with a dorsal, claw-like and curved apophysis proximally (apophysis L 0.09) (
<figureCitation id="F7B6A195FF8D686DFAE59664FA1E6F0C" box="[1311,1439,550,576]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[136,235,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,863,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-278@8.[151,1436,863,1897]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Halitherses grimaldii (?) MB.A.4458. A, Dorsal overview. B, Ventral overview. C, Ventral close-up of the body and chelicerae (apophyses arrowed). D, Camera lucida drawing of the ventral body, inset shows close-up of the cheliceral apophyses. Abbreviations: ap, apophysis; ch, chelicerae; fe, femur; go, genital operculum; oc, ocular tubercle; pa, patella; pp, pedipalp; ta, tarsus; ti, tibia; legs numbered from I–IV. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A, B), 0.25 mm (C), 1.0 mm (D) and 0.3 mm (D inset)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8209333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8209333/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">Fig. 6B–D</figureCitation>
). Distal segment additionally covered with a few small setae. Cheliceral fingers bearing small spines or thicker setae distally. Cheliceral basal segment L?, distal segment L 0.23, finger L 0.19. Pedipalps long and slender. Pedipalp tarsus and tibia covered with numerous clavate glandular setae. Pedipalp tarsus lacks terminal claw (
<figureCitation id="F7B6A195FF8D686DFAE796B9FA1E6E5A" box="[1309,1439,763,790]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[136,235,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,863,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-278@8.[151,1436,863,1897]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Halitherses grimaldii (?) MB.A.4458. A, Dorsal overview. B, Ventral overview. C, Ventral close-up of the body and chelicerae (apophyses arrowed). D, Camera lucida drawing of the ventral body, inset shows close-up of the cheliceral apophyses. Abbreviations: ap, apophysis; ch, chelicerae; fe, femur; go, genital operculum; oc, ocular tubercle; pa, patella; pp, pedipalp; ta, tarsus; ti, tibia; legs numbered from I–IV. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A, B), 0.25 mm (C), 1.0 mm (D) and 0.3 mm (D inset)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8209333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8209333/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">Fig. 6B, D</figureCitation>
). Pedipalp length: tr 0.26, fe 1.16, pa 0.52, ti 0.50, ta 0.42, total (tr–ta) 2.86. Legs extremely long and slender. Leg femur sparsely covered with small spines (
<figureCitation id="F7B6A195FF8C686CFD989480FD3A6D90" box="[610,699,194,220]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[136,235,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,863,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-278@8.[151,1436,863,1897]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Halitherses grimaldii (?) MB.A.4458. A, Dorsal overview. B, Ventral overview. C, Ventral close-up of the body and chelicerae (apophyses arrowed). D, Camera lucida drawing of the ventral body, inset shows close-up of the cheliceral apophyses. Abbreviations: ap, apophysis; ch, chelicerae; fe, femur; go, genital operculum; oc, ocular tubercle; pa, patella; pp, pedipalp; ta, tarsus; ti, tibia; legs numbered from I–IV. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A, B), 0.25 mm (C), 1.0 mm (D) and 0.3 mm (D inset)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8209333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8209333/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="287">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
). Coxa strongly ornamented (
<figureCitation id="F7B6A195FF8C686CFE7E94A4FE5E6C4C" box="[388,479,230,256]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[136,235,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,863,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-278@8.[151,1436,863,1897]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Halitherses grimaldii (?) MB.A.4458. A, Dorsal overview. B, Ventral overview. C, Ventral close-up of the body and chelicerae (apophyses arrowed). D, Camera lucida drawing of the ventral body, inset shows close-up of the cheliceral apophyses. Abbreviations: ap, apophysis; ch, chelicerae; fe, femur; go, genital operculum; oc, ocular tubercle; pa, patella; pp, pedipalp; ta, tarsus; ti, tibia; legs numbered from I–IV. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A, B), 0.25 mm (C), 1.0 mm (D) and 0.3 mm (D inset)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8209333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8209333/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="287">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
). Tarsus I–IV subdivided, ending in a single claw. Leg length: Leg I cx 0.55, tr 0.18, fe?, pa?, ti?, mt?, ta?; Leg II cx 0.66, tr?, fe?, pa?, ti?, mt?, ta?; Leg III cx 0.74, tr 0.18, fe 6.33, pa 0.92, ti 4.83, mt?, ta?, total (cx–ti) 13; Leg IV cx 0.82, tr 0.23, fe 7.50, pa 0.83, ti?, mt?, ta?, total (cx–pa) 9.38.
</paragraph>
<caption id="3BF2ED98FF8D686DFF7293C3FAC06549" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8209333" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8209333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8209333/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="286" startId="8.[136,235,1921,1945]" targetBox="[151,1436,863,1897]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="6F32BD10FF8D686DFF7293C3FAC06549" blockId="8.[136,1452,1921,2053]" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">
<emphasis id="5DF96102FF8D686DFF7293C3FE856AD5" bold="true" box="[136,260,1921,1945]" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A88DC693FF8D686DFEF193C3FE646AD5" authorityName="Giribet &amp; Dunlop" authorityYear="2005" box="[267,485,1921,1945]" class="Arachnida" family="Halithersidae" genus="Halitherses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="8" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grimaldii">
<emphasis id="5DF96102FF8D686DFEF193C3FE646AD5" box="[267,485,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">Halitherses grimaldii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(?) MB.A.4458.
<emphasis id="5DF96102FF8D686DFD6F93C3FD266AD5" bold="true" box="[661,679,1921,1945]" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">A</emphasis>
, Dorsal overview.
<emphasis id="5DF96102FF8D686DFC9393C3FCFB6AD5" bold="true" box="[873,890,1921,1945]" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">B</emphasis>
, Ventral overview.
<emphasis id="5DF96102FF8D686DFBBA93C3FBD36AD5" bold="true" box="[1088,1106,1921,1945]" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">C</emphasis>
, Ventral close-up of the body and chelicerae (apophyses arrowed).
<emphasis id="5DF96102FF8D686DFE2D93E7FE686AF1" bold="true" box="[471,489,1957,1981]" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">D</emphasis>
, Camera lucida drawing of the ventral body, inset shows close-up of the cheliceral apophyses. Abbreviations: ap, apophysis; ch, chelicerae; fe, femur; go, genital operculum; oc, ocular tubercle; pa, patella; pp, pedipalp; ta, tarsus; ti, tibia; legs numbered from I–IV. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (
<emphasis id="5DF96102FF8D686DFCEA93AFFCA36549" bold="true" box="[784,802,2029,2053]" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="5DF96102FF8D686DFCD593AFFCC16549" bold="true" box="[815,832,2029,2053]" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">B</emphasis>
), 0.25 mm (
<emphasis id="5DF96102FF8D686DFC4493AFFC516549" bold="true" box="[958,976,2029,2053]" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">C</emphasis>
), 1.0 mm (
<emphasis id="5DF96102FF8D686DFBBB93AFFBD26549" bold="true" box="[1089,1107,2029,2053]" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">D</emphasis>
) and 0.3 mm (
<emphasis id="5DF96102FF8D686DFB1393AFFB7A6549" bold="true" box="[1257,1275,2029,2053]" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">D</emphasis>
inset).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="6F32BD10FF8C686CFF4795FEFF556F52" blockId="9.[136,778,158,1003]" pageId="9" pageNumber="287">
<materialsCitation id="DFE5B74DFF8C686CFF4795FEFF516F52" location="Ventral area" longitude="-0.21" pageId="9" pageNumber="287" specimenCount="1">
Genital operculum subcircular and ornamented, L 0.24,
<geoCoordinate id="0AB9DBD7FF8C686CFF3195A2FEA46CB6" box="[203,293,480,506]" degrees="0.21" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="287" precision="555" value="-0.21">W 0.21</geoCoordinate>
.
<location id="6A52EBCBFF8C686CFECE959DFE406CB6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E7240C06FF8D686CFF729697FE576EA6:6A52EBCBFF8C686CFECE959DFE406CB6" box="[308,449,479,506]" longitude="-0.21" name="Ventral area" pageId="9" pageNumber="287">Ventral area</location>
between leg coxae I highly setose
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2797EE9BFF8C686CFF479665FE576EA6" pageId="9" pageNumber="287" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="6F32BD10FF8C686CFF479665FE576EA6" blockId="9.[136,778,158,1003]" pageId="9" pageNumber="287">
<emphasis id="5DF96102FF8C686CFF479665FEB06F0D" bold="true" box="[189,305,551,577]" pageId="9" pageNumber="287">Remarks.</emphasis>
MB.A.4458 (
<figureCitation id="F7B6A195FF8C686CFE119664FDBC6F0C" box="[491,573,550,576]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[136,235,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,863,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-278@8.[151,1436,863,1897]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Halitherses grimaldii (?) MB.A.4458. A, Dorsal overview. B, Ventral overview. C, Ventral close-up of the body and chelicerae (apophyses arrowed). D, Camera lucida drawing of the ventral body, inset shows close-up of the cheliceral apophyses. Abbreviations: ap, apophysis; ch, chelicerae; fe, femur; go, genital operculum; oc, ocular tubercle; pa, patella; pp, pedipalp; ta, tarsus; ti, tibia; legs numbered from I–IV. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A, B), 0.25 mm (C), 1.0 mm (D) and 0.3 mm (D inset)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8209333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8209333/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="287">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) can easily be identified as a member of the extinct genus
<taxonomicName id="A88DC693FF8C686CFD739608FE176FC4" authority="Giribet &amp; Dunlop, 2005" authorityName="Giribet &amp; Dunlop" authorityYear="2005" class="Arachnida" family="Halithersidae" genus="Halitherses" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="9" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5DF96102FF8C686CFD739608FC8B6F28" box="[649,778,586,612]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="287">Halitherses</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0B1CC0E1FF8C686CFF72962FFE176FC4" author="Giribet, G. &amp; Dunlop, J. A." box="[136,406,621,648]" pageId="9" pageNumber="287" pagination="1007 - 1013" refId="ref9166" refString="Giribet, G. &amp; Dunlop, J. A. (2005) First identifiable Mesozoic harvestman (Opiliones: Dyspnoi) from Cretaceous Burmese amber. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 272, 1007 - 1013. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2005.3063" type="journal article" year="2005">Giribet &amp; Dunlop, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, due to the presence of extremely large eyes dominating the prosoma (
<figureCitation id="F7B6A195FF8C686CFDC496D3FD1F6FE7" box="[574,670,657,683]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[136,235,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,863,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-278@8.[151,1436,863,1897]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Halitherses grimaldii (?) MB.A.4458. A, Dorsal overview. B, Ventral overview. C, Ventral close-up of the body and chelicerae (apophyses arrowed). D, Camera lucida drawing of the ventral body, inset shows close-up of the cheliceral apophyses. Abbreviations: ap, apophysis; ch, chelicerae; fe, femur; go, genital operculum; oc, ocular tubercle; pa, patella; pp, pedipalp; ta, tarsus; ti, tibia; legs numbered from I–IV. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A, B), 0.25 mm (C), 1.0 mm (D) and 0.3 mm (D inset)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8209333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8209333/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="287">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
), slender legs and pedipalps, an ornamented carapace, and the absence of a pedipalp claw (
<figureCitation id="F7B6A195FF8C686CFE29969AFDD56FBE" box="[467,596,728,754]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[136,235,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,863,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-278@8.[151,1436,863,1897]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Halitherses grimaldii (?) MB.A.4458. A, Dorsal overview. B, Ventral overview. C, Ventral close-up of the body and chelicerae (apophyses arrowed). D, Camera lucida drawing of the ventral body, inset shows close-up of the cheliceral apophyses. Abbreviations: ap, apophysis; ch, chelicerae; fe, femur; go, genital operculum; oc, ocular tubercle; pa, patella; pp, pedipalp; ta, tarsus; ti, tibia; legs numbered from I–IV. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A, B), 0.25 mm (C), 1.0 mm (D) and 0.3 mm (D inset)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8209333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8209333/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="287">Fig. 6B, D</figureCitation>
). The specimen described herein is the smallest representative of the genus discovered so far and could, therefore, represent a juvenile. Nevertheless, for the first time a claw-like and curved apophysis can be observed proximally on the second cheliceral segment (
<figureCitation id="F7B6A195FF8C686CFE4297CBFDAE6EEF" box="[440,559,905,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[136,235,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,863,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-278@8.[151,1436,863,1897]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Halitherses grimaldii (?) MB.A.4458. A, Dorsal overview. B, Ventral overview. C, Ventral close-up of the body and chelicerae (apophyses arrowed). D, Camera lucida drawing of the ventral body, inset shows close-up of the cheliceral apophyses. Abbreviations: ap, apophysis; ch, chelicerae; fe, femur; go, genital operculum; oc, ocular tubercle; pa, patella; pp, pedipalp; ta, tarsus; ti, tibia; legs numbered from I–IV. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (A, B), 0.25 mm (C), 1.0 mm (D) and 0.3 mm (D inset)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8209333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8209333/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="287">Fig. 6B–D</figureCitation>
) and is a significant observation as potential evidence for secondary sexual dimorphism (see Discussion).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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