149 lines
19 KiB
XML
149 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="DF27607F58AB2D25D27A391D7FEE28AD" ID-DOI="10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.3.11" ID-ISSN="2624-2834" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8209319" ID-ZooBank="339DF6C2-7D16-4BAC-9428-B741F557717C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1691005761504" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="BARTEL, CHRISTIAN & DUNLOP, JASON A." docDate="2023" docId="E7240C06FF83686DFCD092B3FEE16F41" docLanguage="en" docName="palaeoentomology.6.3.11.pdf" docOrigin="Palaeoentomology 6 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.3.11" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4EE6FD780FF4521D541D0D0600705D0E.4:Palaeoentomology.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="4EE6FD780FF4521D541D0D0600705D0E" docStyleName="Palaeoentomology.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Phalangiidae Latreille 1802" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="285" masterDocId="1B1D747EFF856865FFFA9442FF816D4C" masterDocTitle="First eupnoid harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones: Eupnoi) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, with notes on sexual dimorphism in Halitherses grimaldii (Arachnida: Opiliones: Dyspnoi)" masterLastPageNumber="291" masterPageNumber="278" pageNumber="284" updateTime="1691006252701" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B6159599ACA2D2B6BB7BB1A2DE3F5243">
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<mods:title id="38FDB504DE61827D5182DECF13291725">First eupnoid harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones: Eupnoi) from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber, with notes on sexual dimorphism in Halitherses grimaldii (Arachnida: Opiliones: Dyspnoi)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="87C03FE7A3290BF2A9D8CC559384D9CD" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F68584B86C6B45255FD84B3A75EA6D4C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4A93764B0682E2D5F1C1174CDFA2EEB7">BARTEL, CHRISTIAN</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="7584ACCC488CF431661994154AF83571" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AE02C951CA799972868163E3B67B2CE1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="BFDE0F686F26B58A6C1E54689D4F7B4D">DUNLOP, JASON A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="38FAEB16AC0A19772AA792B5FC081887">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="21E4BCD83079287862B0C8F3600F69DE">
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<mods:title id="2AF788EF79E4C02592D62CA23E8424D2">Palaeoentomology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="E7AF91B8522EC08B9999470235839446">
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<mods:date id="9AB1FF4F899AFF90643A10141D1E8FF1">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D9CE01DB3FC278185B1CE2651AFB6C02">2023-06-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="19629238138F0A06FFA1BE94D0ACD82F">6</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="B5CCC790BD68C0B16FA1232E888AE06C" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="7FEB768F190FB68D19815924DB4EC95E">3</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="B1A20B666F0791B7A8C4920BA9F8B4BD">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.3.11</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="A486C613BE35290852F1794ABB7A2E24">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="21C11E4309A058035825022201A11846" type="DOI">10.11646/palaeoentomology.6.3.11</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B1DB60F505CB0C2FFD410A6C262BE02B" type="ISSN">2624-2834</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BF448FFA2063F013B9F07ECF82234E7E" type="Zenodo-Dep">8209319</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3366B5FB6383156D86CFDD67E8E79C1D" type="ZooBank">339DF6C2-7D16-4BAC-9428-B741F557717C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="E7240C06FF83686DFCD092B3FEE16F41" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E7240C06FF83686DFCD092B3FEE16F41" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E7240C06FF83686DFCD092B3FEE16F41" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="285" pageId="6" pageNumber="284">
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<subSubSection id="2797EE9BFF836863FCD092B3FBA36A47" box="[810,1058,1777,1804]" pageId="6" pageNumber="284" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6F32BD10FF836863FCD092B3FBA36A47" blockId="6.[810,1058,1777,1840]" box="[810,1058,1777,1804]" pageId="6" pageNumber="284">
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<heading id="347A0A7CFF836863FCD092B3FBA36A47" bold="true" box="[810,1058,1777,1804]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="284" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="5DF96102FF836863FCD092B3FBA36A47" bold="true" box="[810,1058,1777,1804]" pageId="6" pageNumber="284">
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<taxonomicName id="A88DC693FF836863FCD092B3FC476A47" ID-CoL="6268T" ID-ENA="101160" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[810,966,1777,1803]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="6" pageNumber="284" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phalangiidae</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="5DF96102FF836863FC3692B3FB876A40" bold="true" box="[972,1030,1777,1804]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="284">indet</emphasis>
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. 2
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2797EE9BFF836863FCD09354FCFF6A7C" box="[810,894,1813,1840]" pageId="6" pageNumber="284" type="description">
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<paragraph id="6F32BD10FF836863FCD09354FCFF6A7C" blockId="6.[810,1058,1777,1840]" box="[810,894,1813,1840]" pageId="6" pageNumber="284">
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(
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<figureCitation id="F7B6A195FF836863FCC89354FCF56A7C" box="[818,884,1813,1840]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[136,235,1261,1285]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,189,1217]" captionTargetId="figure-342@7.[151,1436,189,1238]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. BUB3111 Phalangiidae indet. 2. A, Close up of the chelicerae and pedipalps in dorsal view. B, Close-up of the ventral body. C, Camera lucida drawing of the dorsal body. D, Camera lucida drawing of the ventral body. Abbreviations: ch, chelicerae; fe, femur; mt, metatarsus; pa, patella; pp, pedipalp; ta, tarsus; ti, tibia; legs numbered from I–IV. Scale bars = 0.25 mm (A, B) and 1.0 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8209329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8209329/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="284">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2797EE9BFF836863FCD0931CFACF6A8C" pageId="6" pageNumber="284" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="6F32BD10FF836863FCD0931CFA836A34" blockId="6.[810,1451,1886,2092]" box="[810,1282,1886,1912]" pageId="6" pageNumber="284">
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<emphasis id="5DF96102FF836863FCD0931CFC186A34" bold="true" box="[810,921,1886,1912]" pageId="6" pageNumber="284">Material.</emphasis>
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coll. Patrick Müller, BUB3111.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6F32BD10FF836863FCA593C0FACF6A8C" blockId="6.[810,1451,1886,2092]" pageId="6" pageNumber="284">
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<emphasis id="5DF96102FF836863FCA593C0FBE86AD0" bold="true" box="[863,1129,1922,1948]" pageId="6" pageNumber="284">Locality and horizon.</emphasis>
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Burmese amber, Hukawng Valley,
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<collectingRegion id="AD4973F2FF836863FC7893E4FB936A8C" box="[898,1042,1958,1984]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="6" pageNumber="284">Kachin State</collectingRegion>
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<collectingCountry id="179AFD80FF836863FBE393E5FB0B6A8D" box="[1049,1162,1959,1985]" name="Myanmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="284">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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; mid-Cretaceous.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2797EE9BFF836862FCA59388FB3E6B28" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="285" pageId="6" pageNumber="284" type="description">
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<paragraph id="6F32BD10FF836863FCA59388FA2A6560" blockId="6.[810,1451,1886,2092]" pageId="6" pageNumber="284">
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<emphasis id="5DF96102FF836863FCA59388FC706AA8" bold="true" box="[863,1009,1994,2020]" pageId="6" pageNumber="284">Description.</emphasis>
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Body small and circular, L 0.95, anterior
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<geoCoordinate id="0AB9DBD7FF836863FCD093ADFC046544" box="[810,901,2030,2057]" degrees="0.70" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="284" precision="555" value="-0.7">W 0.70</geoCoordinate>
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, maximum posterior
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<geoCoordinate id="0AB9DBD7FF836863FB7993ADFB5E6544" box="[1155,1247,2030,2057]" degrees="0.89" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="284" precision="555" value="-0.89">W 0.89</geoCoordinate>
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. Pro-, meso- and metapeltidium borders equivocal. Ocularium equivocal
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="3BF2ED98FF826862FF7290AFFEA5683E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8209329" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8209329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8209329/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="285" startId="7.[136,235,1261,1285]" targetBox="[151,1436,189,1217]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="6F32BD10FF826862FF7290AFFEA5683E" blockId="7.[136,1452,1261,1394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="285">
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<emphasis id="5DF96102FF826862FF7290AFFE82684A" bold="true" box="[136,259,1261,1286]" pageId="7" pageNumber="285">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
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BUB3111
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<taxonomicName id="A88DC693FF826862FE8E90ACFE76684A" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[372,503,1262,1286]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="7" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phalangiidae</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="5DF96102FF826862FE0690ACFDAE684A" box="[508,559,1262,1286]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="285">indet</emphasis>
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. 2.
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<emphasis id="5DF96102FF826862FDAE90AFFDE76849" bold="true" box="[596,614,1261,1285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="285">A</emphasis>
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, Close up of the chelicerae and pedipalps in dorsal view.
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<emphasis id="5DF96102FF826862FB5D90ACFB39684A" bold="true" box="[1191,1208,1262,1286]" pageId="7" pageNumber="285">B</emphasis>
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, Close-up of the ventral body.
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<emphasis id="5DF96102FF826862FF3C9153FF596865" bold="true" box="[198,216,1297,1321]" pageId="7" pageNumber="285">C</emphasis>
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, Camera lucida drawing of the dorsal body.
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<emphasis id="5DF96102FF826862FD679150FD2E6866" bold="true" box="[669,687,1298,1322]" pageId="7" pageNumber="285">D</emphasis>
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, Camera lucida drawing of the ventral body. Abbreviations: ch, chelicerae; fe, femur; mt, metatarsus; pa, patella; pp, pedipalp; ta, tarsus; ti, tibia; legs numbered from I–IV. Scale bars = 0.25 mm (
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<emphasis id="5DF96102FF826862FAB29177FADB6801" bold="true" box="[1352,1370,1333,1357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="285">A</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="5DF96102FF826862FA9D9174FAF96802" bold="true" box="[1383,1400,1334,1358]" pageId="7" pageNumber="285">B</emphasis>
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) and 1.0 mm (
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<emphasis id="5DF96102FF826862FF1E911BFF77683D" bold="true" box="[228,246,1369,1393]" pageId="7" pageNumber="285">C</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="5DF96102FF826862FEF99118FE94683E" bold="true" box="[259,277,1370,1394]" pageId="7" pageNumber="285">D</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="6F32BD10FF826862FF7291F0FCE368BE" blockId="7.[136,778,1458,2093]" lastBlockId="7.[810,1452,1458,2093]" pageId="7" pageNumber="285">
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(
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<figureCitation id="F7B6A195FF826862FF6A91F0FE886880" box="[144,265,1458,1484]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[136,235,1068,1092]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,189,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-390@6.[151,1435,189,1045]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. BUB4516 Phalangiidae indet. 1. A, Dorsal overview (camera lucida drawing). B, Close-up of the body in dorsal view. C, Close-up of the body in ventral view. Abbreviations: ch, chelicerae; cx, coxa; fe, femur; mt, metatarsus; oc, ocularium; pa, patella; pp, pedipalp; ta, tarsus; ti, tibia; legs numbered from I–IV. Scale bars = 1.0 mm (A) and 0.5 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8209327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8209327/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="285">Fig. 4A, C</figureCitation>
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). Chelicerae relatively small and covered with few setae on the distal segment (
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<figureCitation id="F7B6A195FF826862FDF8919AFD0068BE" box="[514,641,1496,1522]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[136,235,1068,1092]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,189,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-390@6.[151,1435,189,1045]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. BUB4516 Phalangiidae indet. 1. A, Dorsal overview (camera lucida drawing). B, Close-up of the body in dorsal view. C, Close-up of the body in ventral view. Abbreviations: ch, chelicerae; cx, coxa; fe, femur; mt, metatarsus; oc, ocularium; pa, patella; pp, pedipalp; ta, tarsus; ti, tibia; legs numbered from I–IV. Scale bars = 1.0 mm (A) and 0.5 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8209327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8209327/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="285">Fig. 4B, D</figureCitation>
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). Cheliceral basal segment L 0.19; distal segment L 0.12, with fixed and movable finger (L 0.08). Pedipalps setose. Pedipalp tarsus elongated with a small and smooth claw on its tip (
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<figureCitation id="F7B6A195FF826862FF6A9232FF6C6BC6" box="[144,237,1648,1674]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[136,235,1068,1092]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,189,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-390@6.[151,1435,189,1045]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. BUB4516 Phalangiidae indet. 1. A, Dorsal overview (camera lucida drawing). B, Close-up of the body in dorsal view. C, Close-up of the body in ventral view. Abbreviations: ch, chelicerae; cx, coxa; fe, femur; mt, metatarsus; oc, ocularium; pa, patella; pp, pedipalp; ta, tarsus; ti, tibia; legs numbered from I–IV. Scale bars = 1.0 mm (A) and 0.5 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8209327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8209327/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="285">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
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). Pedipalp length: tr 0.13, fe 0.19, pa 0.14, ti 0.09, ta 0.37, total (tr–ta) 0.92. Legs extremely long (leg II and IV longest) and covered with somewhat spiny setae on femur and patella. Metatarsus and tarsus covered with thin (sensory) setae. Additionally, leg coxa, trochanter and femur covered with small granules. Tarsus I–IV bear a single smooth claw. Tarsal formula: 17–18:?:16:16+. Leg length: Leg I cx 0.20, tr 0.12*, fe 0.87, pa 0.24, ti 1.15, mt 0.79, ta 2.56, total (cx–ta) 5.93; Leg II cx 0.33, tr 0.15*, fe 1.60, pa 0.44, ti 2.88, mt?, ta?, total (cx–ti) 5.40; Leg III cx 0.38, tr 0.16*, fe 0.90*, pa 0.25, ti 1.08, mt 0.96, ta 2.56, total (cx–ta) 6.29; Leg IV cx 0.49, tr 0.14, fe 1.32, pa 0.24, ti 1.36, mt 1.2, ta 3.68, total (cx–ta) 8.43.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6F32BD10FF826862FCA591BCFB3E6B28" blockId="7.[810,1452,1458,2093]" pageId="7" pageNumber="285">
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Ventral prosoma (and coxae) partly covered with larger spines (
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<figureCitation id="F7B6A195FF826862FC3E9266FBBD6B72" box="[964,1084,1572,1598]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[136,235,1068,1092]" captionTargetBox="[154,1435,189,1045]" captionTargetId="figure-390@6.[151,1435,189,1045]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. BUB4516 Phalangiidae indet. 1. A, Dorsal overview (camera lucida drawing). B, Close-up of the body in dorsal view. C, Close-up of the body in ventral view. Abbreviations: ch, chelicerae; cx, coxa; fe, femur; mt, metatarsus; oc, ocularium; pa, patella; pp, pedipalp; ta, tarsus; ti, tibia; legs numbered from I–IV. Scale bars = 1.0 mm (A) and 0.5 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8209327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8209327/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="285">Fig. 4B, D</figureCitation>
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). Sternites with rows of granules. Anal plate rounded, L 0.10,
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<geoCoordinate id="0AB9DBD7FF826862FB9F9209FB3D6B28" box="[1125,1212,1610,1637]" degrees="0.17" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="285" precision="555" value="-0.17">W 0.17</geoCoordinate>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2797EE9BFF82686DFCA59232FEE16F41" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="286" pageId="7" pageNumber="285" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="6F32BD10FF82686DFCA59232FEE16F41" blockId="7.[810,1452,1458,2093]" lastBlockId="8.[136,778,158,525]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="286" pageId="7" pageNumber="285">
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<emphasis id="5DF96102FF826862FCA59232FC526BC6" bold="true" box="[863,979,1648,1674]" pageId="7" pageNumber="285">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Another specimen, BUB3111 (
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<figureCitation id="F7B6A195FF826862FABA9232FA076BC7" box="[1344,1414,1648,1675]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[136,235,1261,1285]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,189,1217]" captionTargetId="figure-342@7.[151,1436,189,1238]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. BUB3111 Phalangiidae indet. 2. A, Close up of the chelicerae and pedipalps in dorsal view. B, Close-up of the ventral body. C, Camera lucida drawing of the dorsal body. D, Camera lucida drawing of the ventral body. Abbreviations: ch, chelicerae; fe, femur; mt, metatarsus; pa, patella; pp, pedipalp; ta, tarsus; ti, tibia; legs numbered from I–IV. Scale bars = 0.25 mm (A, B) and 1.0 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8209329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8209329/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="285">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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) is also a juvenile, due to its small body size and high number of relatively long sensory hairs on the straight pedipalp tarsus. The equivocal nature of the ocularium in this fossil makes it difficult to reliably place it within one of the
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<taxonomicName id="A88DC693FF826862FCD0936CFCFA6A04" authorityName="Hansen & Sorensen" authorityYear="1904" box="[810,891,1838,1864]" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="7" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Eupnoi">Eupnoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
families. Nevertheless, the small chelicerae, long legs, smooth pedipalp claw and the elongated pedipalp tarsus are typical phalangiid features. In addition, the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A88DC693FF826862FC7A93E2FC6B6AF6" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1893" box="[896,1002,1952,1978]" class="Arachnida" family="Caddidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="7" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Caddidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be excluded, due to the lack of large spines or apophyses on the pedipalps. Therefore, the fossil is also tentatively placed within the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A88DC693FF826862FCD09C50FC3B6560" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[810,954,2066,2092]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="7" pageNumber="285" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phalangiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We must also entertain the possibility that BUB4516 and BUB3111 belong to the same species, but represent different developmental stages. BUB3111 is
|
||
<emphasis id="5DF96102FF8D686DFD139487FC826D92" box="[745,771,197,222]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="286">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 10% smaller, has a more compact body and, oddly, bears a higher number of tarsomeres on legs I, III and IV. The pedipalps of both specimens are also relatively similar, except that BUB3111 features more pronounced sensory setae on all segments. Unfortunately, it is again impossible to reliably place this specimen in a genus as most of its important characters are not preserved and may not even be fully developed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |