treatments-xml/data/E5/5C/3E/E55C3E5517DD5605851D2A1DBAE52076.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.59696" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b5267fd4-1620-46e2-a4df-ceb934834d8f" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183412851" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-2-355" ID-Pensoft-UUID="59DE43E719E65A2DB08A18AA24ADEC0E" ID-ZooBank="FB92F5DF7FC74F01A1DD8E85B6F5FE67" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:91F9054A-3CF0-4672-8A86-F64F6A2BA7AA" ModsDocID="1860-0743-97-2-355" checkinTime="1625936817539" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Guenther, Rainer &amp; Richards, Stephen" docDate="2021" docId="E55C3E5517DD5605851D2A1DBAE52076" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 97(2): 355-382" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (2)" docPubDate="2021-07-09" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.59696" docTitle="Xenorhina pohleorum Günther &amp; Richards 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="91F9054A-3CF0-4672-8A86-F64F6A2BA7AA" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="59DE43E719E65A2DB08A18AA24ADEC0E" lastPageNumber="355" masterDocId="59DE43E719E65A2DB08A18AA24ADEC0E" masterDocTitle="Description of six new species of Xenorhina Peters, 1863 from southern Papua New Guinea (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae)" masterLastPageNumber="382" masterPageNumber="355" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" updateTime="1634707979541" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Description of six new species of Xenorhina Peters, 1863 from southern Papua New Guinea (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Guenther, Rainer</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9250-7658</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Museum fuer Naturkunde, Herpetology Department, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rainer.guenther@mfn-berlin.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Richards, Stephen</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Herpetology Department, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-07-09</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>97</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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<mods:start>355</mods:start>
<mods:end>382</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.59696</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.97.59696</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-2-355</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">FB92F5DF7FC74F01A1DD8E85B6F5FE67</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="183412851" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:91F9054A-3CF0-4672-8A86-F64F6A2BA7AA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E55C3E5517DD5605851D2A1DBAE52076" lastPageNumber="355" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="355" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/91F9054A-3CF0-4672-8A86-F64F6A2BA7AA" authority="Günther &amp; Richards, 2021" authorityName="Günther &amp; Richards" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenorhina pohleorum" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pohleorum" status="sp. nov.">Xenorhina pohleorum</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="355">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="355" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
SAMA R71644 (SJR 14202), adult male, from Rentoul River, Western Province, Papua New Guinea (
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.4355" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-6.4355">6.4355°S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="142.5615" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="142.5615">142.5615°E</geoCoordinate>
; 380 m a.s.l.), collected on 11-08-2014 by S.J. Richards and K. Aplin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="355" type="paratype">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Paratype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
SAMA R60217 (SJR 3223), adult male, Darai Plateau, Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea (
<geoCoordinate degrees="7.1295" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-7.1295">7.1295°S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="143.6134" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="143.6134">143.6134°E</geoCoordinate>
; 435 m a.s.l.), collected on 1-08-2003 by S.J. Richards.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="355" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
This species of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1863" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenorhina" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Xenorhina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterised by the unique combination of: small size (SUL of two adult males 20.3 and 21.2 mm); vomeropalatines each with a single moderately developed triangular vomerine spike; legs of medium length (TL/SUL 0.44 in both specimens); all fingers without and all toes with, expanded terminal discs; tips of all fingers and toes with circum-marginal grooves, all grooves extending at least partly along digits; head short (HL/SUL 0.26 in both specimens); eye-naris distance greater than internarial distance (END/IND 1.33 in both specimens); dorsal surfaces in life brown-beige (RAL 1011) or grey-brown; ventral surfaces ivory-white with extensive pale brown (RAL 8025) reticulation; mid-dorsal line and lumbar spots absent; advertisement calls uttered in series lasting 4-9 s, containing 10-30 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“piping”">&quot;piping&quot;</normalizedToken>
calls, each 56-93 ms duration with repetition rate of 2.5-3.6 calls/s.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="355" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Description of the holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
Measurements are summarised in Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Body measurements and body ratios of the male holotype of Xenorhina pohleorum sp. nov. (SAMA R 71644) and the male paratype (SAMA R 60217). All measurements in mm; for explanation of abbreviations see &quot; Material and methods &quot;." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3B54BD5DE3D9E6C2266884CCA342475E" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" tableUuid="3B54BD5DE3D9E6C2266884CCA342475E">3</tableCitation>
. Body squat (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Holotype (SAMA R 71644) of X. pohleorum sp. nov. in life: (a) Dorsolateral view; (b) Ventral view; (c) Volar view of right hand; (d) Thenar view of right foot." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.59696.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564756" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">6a</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Holotype (SAMA R 71644) of X. pohleorum sp. nov. in life: (a) Dorsolateral view; (b) Ventral view; (c) Volar view of right hand; (d) Thenar view of right foot." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.59696.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564756" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">b</figureCitation>
), head broader than long (HL/HW 0.83); snout short (HL/SUL 0.26), strongly acuminate from above and below, protruding in profile; tongue broad, only its lateral edges and posterior lobes free; prepharyngeal ridge with few tiny denticles; vomerine spikes triangular and of moderate size; loreal region oblique, canthus rostralis absent; nostrils near tip of snout, directed more laterally than dorsally, visible from above, but not from below; eye-naris distance significantly greater than internarial distance (END/IND 1.33); tympanum nearly as large as eye (TyD/ED 0.92); supratympanic fold weakly expressed, not reaching eye or insertion of fore leg; shank moderately long (TL/SUL 0.44); fingers moderately short, not webbed, all fingers without and all toes with expanded terminal discs; circum-marginal grooves on all fingers and all toes, extending at least partly along most digits; head short (HL/SUL 0.26); eye-naris distance greater than internarial distance (END/IND 1.33); tympanum slightly larger than half the size of eye (TyD/ED 0.59); relative lengths of fingers 3&gt; 4 = 2 = 1 (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Holotype (SAMA R 71644) of X. pohleorum sp. nov. in life: (a) Dorsolateral view; (b) Ventral view; (c) Volar view of right hand; (d) Thenar view of right foot." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.59696.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564756" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">6c</figureCitation>
); toes not webbed, relative lengths 4&gt; 3&gt; 5&gt; 2&gt; 1 (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Holotype (SAMA R 71644) of X. pohleorum sp. nov. in life: (a) Dorsolateral view; (b) Ventral view; (c) Volar view of right hand; (d) Thenar view of right foot." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.59696.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564756" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">6d</figureCitation>
); plantar and palmar tubercles, as well as subarticular tubercles, not clearly demarcated, with the exception of small, but prominently raised inner metatarsal tubercle (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Holotype (SAMA R 71644) of X. pohleorum sp. nov. in life: (a) Dorsolateral view; (b) Ventral view; (c) Volar view of right hand; (d) Thenar view of right foot." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.59696.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564756" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">6d</figureCitation>
). Dorsolateral surfaces of body and dorsal surfaces of shanks with some tubercles, more conspicuous in life than in preservative; ventral surfaces smooth; tip of snout lighter than surrounding skin, with some tiny depressions.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.97.59696.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564756" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Holotype (SAMA R71644) of 
<taxonomicName genus="X." lsidName="X. pohleorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rank="species" species="pohleorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">X. pohleorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. in life: (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">a</emphasis>
) Dorsolateral view; (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">b</emphasis>
) Ventral view; (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">c</emphasis>
) Volar view of right hand; (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">d</emphasis>
) Thenar view of right foot.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="3B54BD5DE3D9E6C2266884CCA342475E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3B54BD5DE3D9E6C2266884CCA342475E" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" start="Table 3" startId="T3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Table 3.</emphasis>
Body measurements and body ratios of the male holotype of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Günther &amp; Richards" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenorhina pohleorum" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pohleorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Xenorhina pohleorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (SAMA R71644) and the male paratype (SAMA R60217). All measurements in mm; for explanation of abbreviations see &quot;Material and methods&quot;.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">Reg.-No.</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">SAMA R71644</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">SAMA R60217</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">Mean</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">SUL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">20.3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">21.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">20.75</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">TL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">9.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">9.4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">9.20</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">TaL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">5.9</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">5.7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">5.80</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">T4L</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">9.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">9.7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">9.35</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">T4D</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.70</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">T1D</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.40</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">F3L</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">3.6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">3.8</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">3.70</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">F3D</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.40</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">F1D</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.30</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">HL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">5.3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">5.5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">5.40</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">HW</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">6.4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">6.5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">6.45</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">END</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">1.6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">1.7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">1.65</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">IND</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">1.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">1.3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">1.25</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">SL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">2.6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">3.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">2.80</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">EST</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">2.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">2.5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">2.40</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">ED</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">1.3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">1.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">1.25</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">TyD</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">1.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.9</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">1.05</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">TL/SUL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.44</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.44</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.44</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">TaL/SUL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.29</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.27</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.28</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">T4L/SUL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.44</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.46</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.45</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">T4D/SUL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.035</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.033</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.034</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">T1D/SUL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.020</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.019</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.020</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">F3L/SUL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.178</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.179</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.179</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">F3D/SUL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.020</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.019</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.020</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">F1D/SUL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.015</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.017</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.016</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">T4D/F3D</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">1.75</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">1.75</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">1.75</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">T1D/F1D</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">1.33</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">1.33</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">1.33</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">HL/SUL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.26</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.26</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.26</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">HW/SUL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.32</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.31</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.32</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">HL/HW</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.83</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.85</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.84</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">END/SUL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.079</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.080</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.080</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">IND/SUL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.059</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.061</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.060</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">END/IND</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">1.33</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">1.31</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">1.32</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">ED/SUL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.064</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.057</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.061</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">TyD/SUL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.059</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.042</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.051</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">TyD/ED</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.92</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.75</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.84</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">SL/SUL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.129</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.142</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.136</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">EST/SUL</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.109</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.118</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rowspan="1">0.114</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
In life, dorsal surfaces brown beige (RAL 1011); lumbar spots and mid-dorsal line absent; tubercles with whitish apices concentrated on upper flanks; lower flanks, lateral surfaces of head and anterior hind limbs off-white with conspicuous fawn (RAL 8007) reticulum; snout tip window grey (RAL 7040); iris blackish with few golden specks (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Holotype (SAMA R 71644) of X. pohleorum sp. nov. in life: (a) Dorsolateral view; (b) Ventral view; (c) Volar view of right hand; (d) Thenar view of right foot." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.59696.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564756" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">6a</figureCitation>
); ventral surfaces pearl-white (RAL 1013) with dusky pink (RAL 3014) reticulum and irregular pearl-white spots; throat dusky pink with only a few whitish spots (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Holotype (SAMA R 71644) of X. pohleorum sp. nov. in life: (a) Dorsolateral view; (b) Ventral view; (c) Volar view of right hand; (d) Thenar view of right foot." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.59696.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564756" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">6b</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">In preservative, ground colour of dorsal surfaces of head, back and hind limbs fawn brown (RAL 8007) with some inconspicuous darker areas; head less densely pigmented than adjacent neck; ground colour of dorsal surfaces of fore limbs and anterior hind limbs beige (RAL 1001) with conspicuous terra-brown strikes and reticula; rear of thighs predominantly terra-brown with a few whitish spots below and small blackish area around vent; ventral surfaces fawn-brown with conspicuous pearl-white spots; throat and middle of chest least spotted.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="355" type="morphological variation">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Morphological variation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
Measurements and body ratios of paratype are similar to holotype (Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Body measurements and body ratios of the male holotype of Xenorhina pohleorum sp. nov. (SAMA R 71644) and the male paratype (SAMA R 60217). All measurements in mm; for explanation of abbreviations see &quot; Material and methods &quot;." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3B54BD5DE3D9E6C2266884CCA342475E" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" tableUuid="3B54BD5DE3D9E6C2266884CCA342475E">3</tableCitation>
). Dorsal surfaces more tubercular in life (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paratype SAMA R 60217 of X. pohleorum sp. nov. in life." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.59696.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564757" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">7</figureCitation>
), but in preservative, lateral surfaces with fewer tubercles; colour of dorsal surfaces in life a mixture of indistinct lighter and darker grey-brown flecks, lower lateral surfaces of body and upper arms beige-brown (RAL 8024) with off-white spots and ventral surfaces beige-brown with off-white spots. Dorsal surfaces in preservative beige with signal brown (RAL 8002) spots, stripes and reticula; ventral surfaces in preservative paler than holotype, light ivory (RAL 1015) with scarcely visible brownish network.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.97.59696.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564757" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Figure 7.</emphasis>
Paratype SAMA R60217 of 
<taxonomicName genus="X." lsidName="X. pohleorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rank="species" species="pohleorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">X. pohleorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. in life.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="355" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Distribution and ecological notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Günther &amp; Richards" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenorhina pohleorum" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pohleorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Xenorhina pohleorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is known from two localities approximately 140 km apart in the lowland rainforests of Gulf and Western Provinces in south-central Papua New Guinea (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Map of Papua New Guinea showing the known distributions of X. lacrimosa sp. nov. (blue circles), X. perexigua sp. nov. (yellow triangle) and X. pohleorum sp. nov. (red squares). Arrows indicate the type localities." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.59696.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564758" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">8</figureCitation>
), where males called from under the litter or within the humus layer, at night during rain.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.97.59696.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564758" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Figure 8.</emphasis>
Map of Papua New Guinea showing the known distributions of 
<taxonomicName genus="X." lsidName="X. lacrimosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rank="species" species="lacrimosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">X. lacrimosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (blue circles), 
<taxonomicName genus="X." lsidName="X. perexigua" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rank="species" species="perexigua">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">X. perexigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (yellow triangle) and 
<taxonomicName genus="X." lsidName="X. pohleorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rank="species" species="pohleorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">X. pohleorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (red squares). Arrows indicate the type localities.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="355" type="vocalisation">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Vocalisation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
Advertisement call is a single short, unpulsed and melodic 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“piping”">&quot;piping&quot;</normalizedToken>
note and is always uttered in series. Call length and inter-call interval are variable, but call intervals are always much shorter than the interval between call series. Due to some differences in call features, we analysed five call series from the holotype (SAMA R71644) recorded at an air temperature of 24 °C separately from seven call series produced by the paratype (SAMA R60217) at an air temperature of 22 °C. Call series produced by the holotype last 3.6-8.8 s (mean 5.8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.8 s) and contain 13-28 calls (mean 18.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
5.6) produced at a rate of 2.55-3.61 calls/s (mean 3.22 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.41, n = 5). Call length is 56-93 ms (mean 74.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
8.5 ms, n = 91) and length of call intervals is 139-528 ms (mean 253.4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
71.7 ms, n = 86). Calls start abruptly at maximum or almost maximum amplitude which then decreases at an irregular rate until end of call (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. (a) Oscillogram; (b) Spectrogram and (c) Amplitude spectrum of 10 consecutive advertisement calls from a longer series produced by the holotype of Xenorhina pohleorum sp. nov; (d) Oscillogram and (e) Spectrogram of six advertisement calls from the holotype of X. pohleorum sp. nov. (higher volume) are answered in exact antiphony by an unvouchered male (lower volume)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.59696.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564759" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">9a</figureCitation>
). Fundamental and dominant frequencies are at 1.5 kHz and the only upper harmonic (at 3.0 kHz) has much less energy (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. (a) Oscillogram; (b) Spectrogram and (c) Amplitude spectrum of 10 consecutive advertisement calls from a longer series produced by the holotype of Xenorhina pohleorum sp. nov; (d) Oscillogram and (e) Spectrogram of six advertisement calls from the holotype of X. pohleorum sp. nov. (higher volume) are answered in exact antiphony by an unvouchered male (lower volume)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.59696.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564759" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">9b</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. (a) Oscillogram; (b) Spectrogram and (c) Amplitude spectrum of 10 consecutive advertisement calls from a longer series produced by the holotype of Xenorhina pohleorum sp. nov; (d) Oscillogram and (e) Spectrogram of six advertisement calls from the holotype of X. pohleorum sp. nov. (higher volume) are answered in exact antiphony by an unvouchered male (lower volume)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.59696.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564759" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">9c</figureCitation>
). Frequency of calls is weakly modulated with a slight increase over the duration of the call. A number of calls were uttered in exact antiphony with calls from an unvouchered specimen (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. (a) Oscillogram; (b) Spectrogram and (c) Amplitude spectrum of 10 consecutive advertisement calls from a longer series produced by the holotype of Xenorhina pohleorum sp. nov; (d) Oscillogram and (e) Spectrogram of six advertisement calls from the holotype of X. pohleorum sp. nov. (higher volume) are answered in exact antiphony by an unvouchered male (lower volume)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.59696.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564759" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">9d</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. (a) Oscillogram; (b) Spectrogram and (c) Amplitude spectrum of 10 consecutive advertisement calls from a longer series produced by the holotype of Xenorhina pohleorum sp. nov; (d) Oscillogram and (e) Spectrogram of six advertisement calls from the holotype of X. pohleorum sp. nov. (higher volume) are answered in exact antiphony by an unvouchered male (lower volume)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.59696.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564759" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">9e</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.97.59696.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564759" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Figure 9.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">a</emphasis>
) Oscillogram; (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">b</emphasis>
) Spectrogram and (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">c</emphasis>
) Amplitude spectrum of 10 consecutive advertisement calls from a longer series produced by the holotype of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Günther &amp; Richards" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenorhina pohleorum" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pohleorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Xenorhina pohleorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov; (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">d</emphasis>
) Oscillogram and (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">e</emphasis>
) Spectrogram of six advertisement calls from the holotype of 
<taxonomicName genus="X." lsidName="X. pohleorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rank="species" species="pohleorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">X. pohleorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (higher volume) are answered in exact antiphony by an unvouchered male (lower volume).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
Calls of the paratype (SAMA R60217) are similar to those of the holotype, but call series generally contain fewer calls (10-15, mean 12.9 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.77, n = 7, vs. 13-28 mean 18.2; see above) and so are shorter (3.4-5.4 s, mean 4.6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.72 s, n = 7 vs. 3.6-8.8 s, mean 5.8 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.8 s), although there is some overlap. Calls of the paratype are also slightly longer (66-98 ms, mean 88.4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
4.8 ms, n = 89 vs. 56-93 ms, mean 74.5). Other structural parameters of calls from the paratype fall within the range produced by the holotype: inter-call intervals 234-408 ms (mean 290.0 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
31.1 ms, n = 83) and mean repetition rate 2.73-3.0 calls/s (mean 2.83 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.10, range, n = 7). Calls of the holotype do not show the typical increase in volume and pitch that is typical of the series produced by the paratype. However, the holotype was calling within a group of closely adjacent males and exhibited antiphonal calling behaviour (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. (a) Oscillogram; (b) Spectrogram and (c) Amplitude spectrum of 10 consecutive advertisement calls from a longer series produced by the holotype of Xenorhina pohleorum sp. nov; (d) Oscillogram and (e) Spectrogram of six advertisement calls from the holotype of X. pohleorum sp. nov. (higher volume) are answered in exact antiphony by an unvouchered male (lower volume)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.59696.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564759" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">9d</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. (a) Oscillogram; (b) Spectrogram and (c) Amplitude spectrum of 10 consecutive advertisement calls from a longer series produced by the holotype of Xenorhina pohleorum sp. nov; (d) Oscillogram and (e) Spectrogram of six advertisement calls from the holotype of X. pohleorum sp. nov. (higher volume) are answered in exact antiphony by an unvouchered male (lower volume)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.97.59696.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/564759" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">9e</figureCitation>
). It cannot be discounted that the slight differences noted between calls of holotype and paratype were a result of their different calling situations (alone vs. within a chorus).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="355" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
The specific epithet 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Günther &amp; Richards" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenorhina pohleorum" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pohleorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Xenorhina pohleorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the Latinised patronymic adjective in genitive plural derived from the family name Pohle. It is to recognise a very long-lasting friendship of the senior author with Sybille and Claus Pohle from Berlin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="355" type="comparisons">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Comparisons with other species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
We compare 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Günther &amp; Richards" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenorhina pohleorum" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pohleorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Xenorhina pohleorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. with all congeners of a similar size (SUL 18-25 mm) that have a single spike on each vomeropalatine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Blum &amp; Menzies" baseAuthorityYear="1989" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenorhina anorbis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anorbis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Xenorhina anorbis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has hind legs shorter (TL/SVL &lt;0.38 vs.&gt; 0.38) and fingers and toes without expanded terminal discs (vs. enlarged discs on all toes in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Günther &amp; Richards" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenorhina pohleorum" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pohleorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Xenorhina pohleorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2011" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenorhina brachyrhyncha" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachyrhyncha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Xenorhina brachyrhyncha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has legs longer (TL/SVL 0.46-0.49 vs. twice 0.44), head longer (HL/SVL 0.30-0.32 vs. twice 0.26) and broader (HW/SVL 0.35-0.38 vs. 0.31-0.32), with END/IND ratio lower (1.06-1.13 vs. 1.31-1.33).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gunther &amp; Knop" baseAuthorityYear="2006" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenorhina lanthanites" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanthanites">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Xenorhina lanthanites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has expanded disc only on 4th toe (vs. on all toes), head broader (HW/SVL 0.35-0.37 vs. 0.31-0.32), eyes larger (ED/SUL 0.071-0.081 vs. 0.057-0.064), END/IND ratio lower (0.94-1.20 vs. 1.31-1.33) and advertisement call series much longer (up to more than one minute vs. less than 10 seconds).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenorhina mehelyi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mehelyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Xenorhina mehelyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be much larger (SVL 20.7-35.2 mm vs. 20.3-21.2 mm); although the sex (or state of maturity) of previously reported specimens is unknown, with a male SUL of 20.3-21.2 mm, it is unlikely that 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Günther &amp; Richards" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenorhina pohleorum" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pohleorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Xenorhina pohleorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. of either sex will approach the upper size limit reported for 
<taxonomicName genus="X." lsidName="X. mehelyi" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rank="species" species="mehelyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">X. mehelyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenorhina mehelyi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mehelyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Xenorhina mehelyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has eyes larger (ED/SVL 0.067-0.079 vs. 0.057-0.064) and different advertisement calls. Mean call interval 1.5 s, (vs. 0.25 s) and mean call rate 0.60 calls/s (vs. 3.2 calls/s); calls are also longer (mean 140 ms vs. 74.5 ms) and have a much lower dominant frequency (0.88 kHz vs. 1.5 kHz) (
<bibRefCitation author="Blum, JP" journalOrPublisher="Herpetologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" refId="B3" refString="Blum, JP, Menzies, JI, 1989. Notes on Xenobatrachus and Xenorhina (Amphibia: Microhylidae) from New Guinea with description of nine new species. Alytes 7(4): 125-163." title="Notes on Xenobatrachus and Xenorhina (Amphibia: Microhylidae) from New Guinea with description of nine new species. Alytes 7 (4): 125 - 163." year="1989">Blum and Menzies 1989</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Günther &amp; Richards" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenorhina perexigua" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perexigua">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Xenorhina perexigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is smaller than 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Günther &amp; Richards" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenorhina pohleorum" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pohleorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Xenorhina pohleorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (males 16.7 mm vs. 20.3-21.2 mm SUL). Some body ratios also differ (Tables 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Body measurements and body ratios of the male holotype (SAMA R 71645) of Xenorhina perexigua sp. nov .. All measurements in mm; for explanation of abbreviations see &quot; Material and methods &quot;." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0A4A0E393CBB5B1F08699FEFAFFCA16E" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" tableUuid="0A4A0E393CBB5B1F08699FEFAFFCA16E">2</tableCitation>
and 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Body measurements and body ratios of the male holotype of Xenorhina pohleorum sp. nov. (SAMA R 71644) and the male paratype (SAMA R 60217). All measurements in mm; for explanation of abbreviations see &quot; Material and methods &quot;." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3B54BD5DE3D9E6C2266884CCA342475E" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" tableUuid="3B54BD5DE3D9E6C2266884CCA342475E">3</tableCitation>
), but sample sizes are too small for robust comparisons. However, substantial differences in advertisement calls support recognition of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Günther &amp; Richards" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenorhina pohleorum" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pohleorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Xenorhina pohleorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. as a distinct species: calls of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Günther &amp; Richards" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenorhina perexigua" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perexigua">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Xenorhina perexigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. are shorter (29-42 ms vs. 56-93 ms), there are more calls/series (28-31 vs. 10-28 calls) and inter-call intervals are shorter (101-195 ms vs. 139-528 ms), so the call rate is twice as fast in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Günther &amp; Richards" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenorhina perexigua" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perexigua">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Xenorhina perexigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (6.8-6.9 calls/s vs. 2.6-3.6 calls/s). The substantially greater call rate of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Günther &amp; Richards" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenorhina perexigua" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perexigua">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Xenorhina perexigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (double that of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Günther &amp; Richards" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenorhina pohleorum" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pohleorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Xenorhina pohleorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.) cannot be attributed to differences in temperature because the recording temperature for the former was lower than that of latter, which should reduce, not increase, the call rate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Blum &amp; Menzies" baseAuthorityYear="1989" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenorhina schiefenhoeveli" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schiefenhoeveli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Xenorhina schiefenhoeveli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Blum &amp; Menzies, 1989) is larger (SVL 26.7-30.7 mm vs. 20.3-21.2 mm) and its call series lasts more than 100 s (vs. not more than 10 s in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Günther &amp; Richards" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenorhina pohleorum" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pohleorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Xenorhina pohleorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.), with call intervals of more than 700 ms (vs. &lt;528 ms).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="355">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Blum and Menzies" baseAuthorityYear="1989" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenorhina tumulus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumulus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Xenorhina tumulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Blum &amp; Menzies, 1989) is larger (male SVL more than 26.0 mm vs. less than 22.0 mm), has ventral surfaces of toes with striped pattern (vs. absent) and abdomen partly pink or red (vs. pearl-white with dusky pink reticulum and irregular pearl-white spots); and supratympanic ridge is absent (vs. present). Advertisement calls of 
<taxonomicName genus="X." lsidName="X. tumulus" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" rank="species" species="tumulus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">X. tumulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ in, amongst other characters, having a much lower dominant frequency (0.9 kHz vs. 1.5 kHz). 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Blum and Menzies" baseAuthorityYear="1989" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenorhina tumulus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumulus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Xenorhina tumulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from an elevation of about 1500 m a.s.l. in the Adelbert Range, an isolated mountain range near the north coast of Papua New Guinea, while 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Günther &amp; Richards" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Xenorhina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenorhina pohleorum" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pohleorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="355">Xenorhina pohleorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is known only from altitudes of around 400 m on the southern side of New 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guinea’s">Guinea's</normalizedToken>
central cordillera.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>