416 lines
52 KiB
XML
416 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="E08C824EF18B0BA98461916147A64042" ID-CLB-Dataset="25281" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2019.563" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4de0fe4e-219b-432f-9d36-43d2f4a41835" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3476748" ID-ZooBank="6F6E082D-0675-49C1-A603-F7BABB546C46" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1570549751342" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Onuferko, Thomas M." docDate="2019" docId="201E87ADFFB2FFF01857FCE840178A74" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-563_onuferko.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 563" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Epeolus niger" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="DC27FFD5FF90FFD51A0BFFD24347886C" masterDocTitle="A review of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Epeolus Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in the Caribbean, Central America and Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1698758470402" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="9A8DFA7FDD76CF238CA1AF0A64F06517">A review of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Epeolus Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in the Caribbean, Central America and Mexico</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="192A1C830D8D749533BF52A35501D317">Onuferko, Thomas M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CB93A17B436931013241180D3F24D5CD">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C6B52E01B52F8185AD66E0FB6D6867FD">2019</mods:date>
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<treatment id="201E87ADFFB2FFF01857FCE840178A74" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3477533" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159660827" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3477533" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:201E87ADFFB2FFF01857FCE840178A74" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/201E87ADFFB2FFF01857FCE840178A74" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<subSubSection id="E0AD6530FFB2FFF71857FCE840908B39" box="[604,983,826,853]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB2FFF71857FCE840908B39" blockId="34.[604,983,826,892]" box="[604,983,826,853]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<heading id="F34081D7FFB2FFF71857FCE840908B39" box="[604,983,826,853]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="6FB74D38FFB2FFF71857FCE840908B39" authority="(Michener, 1954)" baseAuthorityName="Michener" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[604,983,826,853]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
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<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB2FFF71857FCE840428B38" bold="true" box="[604,773,826,853]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Epeolus niger</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="CC264B4AFFB2FFF71918FCE840888B39" author="Michener" box="[787,975,826,853]" firstAuthor="Michener" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 175" refId="ref36127" refString="Michener C. D. 1954. Bees of Panama. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 104: 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1954">Michener, 1954</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E0AD6530FFB2FFF718A8FCB340D78B10" box="[675,912,865,892]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB2FFF718A8FCB340D78B10" blockId="34.[604,983,826,892]" box="[675,912,865,892]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<figureCitation id="308C2A3EFFB2FFF718A8FCB340448B17" box="[675,771,865,891]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1754,1780]" captionTargetBox="[194,1398,502,1710]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1398,501,1710]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Male genitalia of Epeolus spp. A. E. boliviensis Friese, 1908, in which the penis lacks lobes. B. E. claripennis Friese, 1908, in which the penis lacks lobes. C. E. fulvopilosus Cameron, 1902, in which the penis lacks lobes. D. E. fumipennis Say, 1837, in which the penis lacks lobes. E. E. hanusiae sp. nov., paratype (CNC 754086), showing the penis with a short, fleshy lateral lobe (blue arrow) on each side. F. E. luteipennis Friese, 1916, showing the penis with a long, fleshy lateral lobe (blue arrow) on each side. G. E. niger (Michener, 1954), in which the penis lacks lobes. H. E. obscuripes Cockerell, 1917 stat. nov., in which the penis lacks lobes. I. E. pulchellus Cresson, 1865, in which the penis lacks lobes. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476750" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476750/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Figs 1G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="308C2A3EFFB2FFF7191BFCB340738B10" box="[784,820,865,892]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1825,1851]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,574,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1398,574,1783]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Mesopleuron of female, lateral view. A. E. claripennis Friese, 1908, holotype (ZMB), blue arrow indicates carina delineating the anterior and lateral surfaces of the mesopleuron. B. E. niger (Michener, 1954). C. E. luteipennis Friese, 1916. D. E. odyneroides sp. nov., paratype (KUNHM SEMC1248301). E. E. chamaesarachae Onuferko, 2018, paratype. F. E. diadematus Onuferko, 2018, paratype. G. E. hanusiae sp. nov., paratype (UCBME). H. E. interruptus Robertson, 1900. I. E. tessieris Onuferko, 2018, paratype. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476759/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">5B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="308C2A3EFFB2FFF7194BFCB340218B17" box="[832,870,865,891]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1824,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[241,1373,265,2019]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 7 (opposite page). Occurrence records (yellow circles except where indicated otherwise) of: A. Epeolus boliviensis Friese, 1908. B. E. claripennis Friese, 1908. C. E. danieli (Genaro, 2014) comb. nov. (orange square) and E. luteipennis Friese, 1916. D. E. fulvopilosus Cameron, 1902. E. E. fumipennis Say, 1837. F. E. hanusiae sp. nov. G. E. niger (Michener, 1954). H. E. nomadiformis sp. nov. I. E. obscuripes Cockerell, 1917 stat. nov. J. E. odyneroides sp. nov. K. E. pulchellus Cresson, 1865." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476765/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">7G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="308C2A3EFFB2FFF71978FCB340D78B10" box="[883,912,865,892]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="35.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1074,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[189,1398,1074,1893]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Fig. 15. Epeolus niger (Michener, 1954). A. Female, habitus, lateral view. B. Female, habitus, dorsal view. C. Male, habitus, lateral view. D. Female axillae and mesoscutellum, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–C = 3 mm; D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476783/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">15</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="E0AD6530FFB2FFF71AB6FC7742B78C68" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB2FFF71AB6FC7741A18BD3" blockId="34.[189,742,933,960]" box="[189,742,933,960]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="88A71195FFB2FFF71AB6FC7741A18BD3" box="[189,742,933,960]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<taxonomicName id="6FB74D38FFB2FFF71AB6FC7741E98BAC" authority="Michener, 1954: 125" authorityName="Michener" authorityPageNumber="125" authorityYear="1954" box="[189,686,933,960]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trophocleptria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
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<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB2FFF71AB6FC7742F48BD3" box="[189,435,933,959]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Trophocleptria nigra</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="291610AAFFB2FFF71BB1FC7741E98BAC" author="Michener C. D." box="[442,686,933,960]" page="125" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" year="1954">
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<bibRefCitation id="CC264B4AFFB2FFF71BB1FC7741E98BAC" author="Michener" box="[442,686,933,960]" firstAuthor="Michener" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="1 - 175" refId="ref36127" refString="Michener C. D. 1954. Bees of Panama. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 104: 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1954">Michener, 1954: 125</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<specimenCount id="BEB1FD32FFB2FFF718CAFC7741928BD3" box="[705,725,933,959]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB2FFF71AB6FC3842B78C68" blockId="34.[189,496,1002,1028]" box="[189,496,1002,1028]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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||
<heading id="F34081D7FFB2FFF71AB6FC3842B78C68" bold="true" box="[189,496,1002,1028]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB2FFF71AB6FC3842B78C68" bold="true" box="[189,496,1002,1028]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Proposed common name</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E0AD6530FFB2FFF71AB6FBCE422D8C5A" box="[189,362,1052,1078]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB2FFF71AB6FBCE422D8C5A" blockId="34.[189,362,1052,1078]" box="[189,362,1052,1078]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Black epeolus.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E0AD6530FFB2FFF71AB6FBB242968E47" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB2FFF71AB6FBB242718C16" blockId="34.[189,310,1120,1146]" box="[189,310,1120,1146]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<heading id="F34081D7FFB2FFF71AB6FBB242718C16" bold="true" box="[189,310,1120,1146]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB2FFF71AB6FBB242718C16" bold="true" box="[189,310,1120,1146]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB2FFF71AB6FB4042968E47" blockId="34.[189,1399,1170,1579]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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Together with the morphological features that are diagnostic for the ‘
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<taxonomicName id="6FB74D38FFB2FFF719C2FB40473B8CC0" authorityName="Holmberg" authorityYear="1886" box="[969,1148,1170,1196]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trophocleptria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trophocleptria</taxonomicName>
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group’, the following in combination can be used to tell
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<taxonomicName id="6FB74D38FFB2FFF7185AFB6B41E88CBE" baseAuthorityName="Michener" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[593,687,1209,1234]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
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<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB2FFF7185AFB6B41E88CBE" box="[593,687,1209,1234]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">E. niger</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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apart from all other
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<taxonomicName id="6FB74D38FFB2FFF719AAFB6A47478CBE" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[929,1024,1208,1234]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB2FFF719AAFB6A47478CBE" box="[929,1024,1208,1234]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Epeolus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: there is no large tooth laterally near the base of each axilla (
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<figureCitation id="308C2A3EFFB2FFF7181AFB0D41388C95" box="[529,639,1246,1273]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="35.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1074,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[189,1398,1074,1893]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Fig. 15. Epeolus niger (Michener, 1954). A. Female, habitus, lateral view. B. Female, habitus, dorsal view. C. Male, habitus, lateral view. D. Female axillae and mesoscutellum, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–C = 3 mm; D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476783/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 15D</figureCitation>
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); the mesoscutellum does not have a pair of posteriorly directed teeth (
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<figureCitation id="308C2A3EFFB2FFF71B03FAD7423F8D4C" box="[264,376,1285,1312]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="35.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1074,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[189,1398,1074,1893]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Fig. 15. Epeolus niger (Michener, 1954). A. Female, habitus, lateral view. B. Female, habitus, dorsal view. C. Male, habitus, lateral view. D. Female axillae and mesoscutellum, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–C = 3 mm; D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476783/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 15D</figureCitation>
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); the mesopleura are finely punctate, each with punctures more or less equally dense throughout (few i≥2d) (
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<figureCitation id="308C2A3EFFB2FFF71BD9FAF941688D2A" box="[466,559,1323,1350]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1825,1851]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,574,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[189,1398,574,1783]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Mesopleuron of female, lateral view. A. E. claripennis Friese, 1908, holotype (ZMB), blue arrow indicates carina delineating the anterior and lateral surfaces of the mesopleuron. B. E. niger (Michener, 1954). C. E. luteipennis Friese, 1916. D. E. odyneroides sp. nov., paratype (KUNHM SEMC1248301). E. E. chamaesarachae Onuferko, 2018, paratype. F. E. diadematus Onuferko, 2018, paratype. G. E. hanusiae sp. nov., paratype (UCBME). H. E. interruptus Robertson, 1900. I. E. tessieris Onuferko, 2018, paratype. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476759/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
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); and the metasomal terga lack pale pubescence (
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<figureCitation id="308C2A3EFFB2FFF71E78FAF947818D2A" box="[1139,1222,1323,1350]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="35.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1074,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[189,1398,1074,1893]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Fig. 15. Epeolus niger (Michener, 1954). A. Female, habitus, lateral view. B. Female, habitus, dorsal view. C. Male, habitus, lateral view. D. Female axillae and mesoscutellum, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–C = 3 mm; D = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476783/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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A–C).
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<taxonomicName id="6FB74D38FFB2FFF71F13FAF943BC8D00" baseAuthorityName="Michener" baseAuthorityYear="1954" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
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<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB2FFF71F13FAF943BC8D00" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Epeolus niger</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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most closely resembles
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<taxonomicName id="6FB74D38FFB2FFF7182AFA8141808D00" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1908" box="[545,711,1362,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claripennis">
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<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB2FFF7182AFA8141808D00" box="[545,711,1362,1388]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">E. claripennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in that both species are almost entirely black and at least the fore wings of females are deeply infuscate basally and (unusually for
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<taxonomicName id="6FB74D38FFB2FFF71E3AFAAA47D78DFE" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1073,1168,1400,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB2FFF71E3AFAAA47D78DFE" box="[1073,1168,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Epeolus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) clear apically, but in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FB74D38FFB2FFF71AD6FA4D42C38DD4" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1908" box="[221,388,1438,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claripennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB2FFF71AD6FA4D42C38DD4" box="[221,388,1438,1464]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">E. claripennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
there is a large tooth laterally near the base of each axilla, the mesoscutellum has a pair of posteriorly directed teeth and the mesopleura are more coarsely punctate, each with sparser punctures ventrolaterally (many i≥2d) than in the upper half, with interspaces dull due to tessellate surface microsculpture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E0AD6530FFB2FFF61AB6F984422F89DE" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB2FFF71AB6F98442ED8E1C" blockId="34.[189,426,1622,1648]" box="[189,426,1622,1648]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<heading id="F34081D7FFB2FFF71AB6F98442ED8E1C" bold="true" box="[189,426,1622,1648]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB2FFF71AB6F98442ED8E1C" bold="true" box="[189,426,1622,1648]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB2FFF71AE1F95A41448ECE" blockId="34.[189,1399,1672,1775]" box="[234,515,1672,1698]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB2FFF71AE1F95A41448ECE" bold="true" box="[234,515,1672,1698]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
Primary
|
||
<typeStatus id="770C8819FFB2FFF71B57F95A42D58ECE" box="[348,402,1672,1698]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB2FFF71AB6F97C429E8E82" blockId="34.[189,1399,1672,1775]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="18DF3CE6FFB2FFF71AB6F97C42928E82" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2425042245" collectingDate="1936-02-29" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="El Volcan & F. E. Lutz" country="Panama" location="Chiriqui" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" specimenCode="IZC 00324260" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Chiriqui" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D0A0762BFFB2FFF71AB6F97C427F8EA4" box="[189,312,1710,1736]" name="Panama" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="BEB1FD32FFB2FFF71B5AF97D42208EA5" box="[337,359,1711,1737]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FB74D38FFB2FFF71B7DF97D42AA8EA4" authorityName="Michener" authorityYear="1954" box="[374,493,1711,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trophocleptria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB2FFF71B7DF97D42AA8EA4" box="[374,493,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Tro. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="770C8819FFB2FFF71BFFF97C41198EA4" box="[500,606,1710,1736]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6A73F859FFB2FFF71861F97C41888EA4" box="[618,719,1710,1736]" country="Panama" name="Chiriqui" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Chiriquí</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="0542536DFFB2FFF718D0F97C400A8EA4" box="[731,845,1710,1736]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">El Volcán</collectorName>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6A73F859FFB2FFF7195FF97C40FD8EA4" box="[852,954,1710,1736]" country="Panama" name="Chiriqui" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Chiriquí</collectingRegion>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="DC09107BFFB2FFF719CDF97C47238EA4" box="[966,1124,1710,1736]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="1936-02-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="CC4DE993FFB2FFF719CDF97C47238EA4" box="[966,1124,1710,1736]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="1936-02-29">29 Feb. 1936</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="0542536DFFB2FFF71E7BF97D479B8EA5" box="[1136,1244,1711,1737]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">F.E. Lutz</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CEA6AE7EFFB2FFF71F16F97C42508E83" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">AMNH AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
_
|
||
<specimenCode id="F8119EC0FFB2FFF71B2DF90742928E82" box="[294,469,1748,1775]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">IZC 00324260</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB2FFF71AE1F8CB415A8F5F" blockId="34.[189,1399,1817,1920]" box="[234,541,1817,1843]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB2FFF71AE1F8CB415A8F5F" bold="true" box="[234,541,1817,1843]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
Secondary
|
||
<typeStatus id="770C8819FFB2FFF71B7DF8CB42EB8F5F" box="[374,428,1817,1843]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB2FFF71AB6F892429E8FEC" blockId="34.[189,1399,1817,1920]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="18DF3CE6FFB2FFF71AB6F89242928FEC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2425042177" collectingDate="1936-02-23" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="El Volcan & F. E. Lutz" country="Panama" location="Chiriqui" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" specimenCode="IZC 00324261" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Chiriqui" typeStatus="allotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D0A0762BFFB2FFF71AB6F892427F8F36" box="[189,312,1856,1882]" name="Panama" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="BEB1FD32FFB2FFF71B5BF892423A8F36" box="[336,381,1856,1882]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FB74D38FFB2FFF71B82F89242B88F35" authorityName="Michener" authorityYear="1954" box="[393,511,1856,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trophocleptria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB2FFF71B82F89242B88F35" box="[393,511,1856,1881]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Tro. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="770C8819FFB2FFF7180EF8ED41208F35" box="[517,615,1855,1881]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6A73F859FFB2FFF71879F8ED41908F35" box="[626,727,1855,1881]" country="Panama" name="Chiriqui" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Chiriquí</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="0542536DFFB2FFF718E9F8ED40138F35" box="[738,852,1855,1881]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">El Volcán</collectorName>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6A73F859FFB2FFF71951F8ED40878F35" box="[858,960,1855,1881]" country="Panama" name="Chiriqui" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Chiriquí</collectingRegion>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="DC09107BFFB2FFF719C0F89247208F35" box="[971,1127,1855,1882]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="1936-02-23">
|
||
<collectingDate id="CC4DE993FFB2FFF719C0F89247208F35" box="[971,1127,1855,1882]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" value="1936-02-23">23 Feb. 1936</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="0542536DFFB2FFF71E78F89247998F36" box="[1139,1246,1856,1882]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">F.E. Lutz</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CEA6AE7EFFB2FFF71F16F89242508FEC" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">AMNH AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
_
|
||
<specimenCode id="F8119EC0FFB2FFF71B2DF8B442928FEC" box="[294,469,1894,1920]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">IZC 00324261</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB2FFF71AE1F87840DD8FA9" blockId="34.[189,922,1962,2027]" box="[234,922,1962,1989]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB2FFF71AE1F87840DD8FA9" bold="true" box="[234,922,1962,1989]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">DNA barcoded material with BIN-compliant sequences</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB2FFF71AB6F80342148F87" blockId="34.[189,922,1962,2027]" box="[189,339,2001,2027]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Unavailable.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB3FFF61AE1FED941498949" blockId="35.[189,1398,267,434]" box="[234,526,267,293]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB3FFF61AE1FED941498949" bold="true" box="[234,526,267,293]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Non-barcoded material</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB3FFF61AB6FEFC422F89DE" blockId="35.[189,1398,267,434]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="18DF3CE6FFB3FFF61AB6FEFC41E98900" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2425042165" collectingDate="1989-05-19" collectionCode="KUNHM" collectorName="J. Ashe & R. Leschen & R. Brooks" country="Costa Rica" location="Eladio's" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" specimenCode="SEMC1248345" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Alajuela">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D0A0762BFFB3FFF61AB6FEFC42218924" box="[189,358,302,328]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="BEB1FD32FFB3FFF61B8AFEFC42E88925" box="[385,431,302,329]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6A73F859FFB3FFF61BB6FEFC41648924" box="[445,547,302,328]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6A73F859FFB3FFF61825FEFC41D38924" box="[558,660,302,328]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
|
||
? (
|
||
<location id="AD686060FFB3FFF618BBFEFC40538924" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:201E87ADFFB2FFF01857FCE840178A74:AD686060FFB3FFF618BBFEFC40538924" box="[688,788,302,328]" country="Costa Rica" name="Eladio's" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" stateProvince="Alajuela">Eladio’s</location>
|
||
, river trail);
|
||
<date id="DC09107BFFB3FFF619A1FEFC470B8924" box="[938,1100,302,329]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="1989-05-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="CC4DE993FFB3FFF619A1FEFC470B8924" box="[938,1100,302,329]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="1989-05-19">19 May 1989</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="0542536DFFB3FFF61E52FEFD47F58924" box="[1113,1202,302,329]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">J. Ashe</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="0542536DFFB3FFF61EB4FEFD46038924" box="[1215,1348,302,329]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">R. Leschen</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="0542536DFFB3FFF61AB6FE8042708907" box="[189,311,337,364]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">R. Brooks</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CEA6AE7EFFB3FFF61B75FE8042AA8900" box="[382,493,338,364]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">KUNHM</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="F8119EC0FFB3FFF61BFCFE8341E98900" box="[503,686,337,364]" collectionCode="KUNHM" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">SEMC1248345</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="18DF3CE6FFB3FFF618C7FE83424789E3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2425042138" collectingDate="1987-04" collectionCode="RAM" collectorName="E. Cruz" country="Costa Rica" location="Penas Blancas" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="Alajuela">
|
||
<specimenCount id="BEB1FD32FFB3FFF618C7FE8340558900" box="[716,786,337,364]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6A73F859FFB3FFF61929FE8340CF8907" box="[802,904,337,363]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="AD686060FFB3FFF6199DFE8047018907" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:201E87ADFFB2FFF01857FCE840178A74:AD686060FFB3FFF6199DFE8047018907" box="[918,1094,337,364]" country="Costa Rica" name="Penas Blancas" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" stateProvince="Alajuela">Peñas Blancas</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="DC09107BFFB3FFF61E59FE8347898907" box="[1106,1230,337,363]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="1987-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="CC4DE993FFB3FFF61E59FE8347898907" box="[1106,1230,337,363]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="1987-04">Apr. 1987</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="0542536DFFB3FFF61ED6FE80467E8907" box="[1245,1337,337,364]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">E. Cruz</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CEA6AE7EFFB3FFF61AB6FEA7424789E3" box="[189,256,373,399]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">RAM</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="18DF3CE6FFB3FFF61B13FEA7422389DE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2425042244" collectingDate="1995-02-13" collectionCode="UCBME" collectorName="L. S. Kimsey" country="Costa Rica" location="National Park" municipality="Volcan Cacao Station" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Guanacaste">
|
||
<specimenCount id="BEB1FD32FFB3FFF61B13FEA7420189E3" box="[280,326,373,399]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6A73F859FFB3FFF61B59FEA7429B89E3" box="[338,476,373,399]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="486CACC1FFB3FFF61BECFEA641A589E2" box="[487,738,372,399]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Volcan Cacao Station</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6A73F859FFB3FFF618FAFEA7403D89E3" box="[753,890,373,399]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
|
||
<location id="AD686060FFB3FFF6198AFEA6476F89E3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:201E87ADFFB2FFF01857FCE840178A74:AD686060FFB3FFF6198AFEA6476F89E3" box="[897,1064,372,399]" country="Costa Rica" municipality="Volcan Cacao Station" name="National Park" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" stateProvince="Guanacaste">National Park</location>
|
||
);
|
||
<date id="DC09107BFFB3FFF61E30FEA7479F89E3" box="[1083,1240,372,399]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="1995-02-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="CC4DE993FFB3FFF61E30FEA7479F89E3" box="[1083,1240,372,399]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="1995-02-13">13 Feb. 1995</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="0542536DFFB3FFF61EE8FEA7463189E2" box="[1251,1398,372,399]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">L.S. Kimsey</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CEA6AE7EFFB3FFF61AF3FE4A422389DE" box="[248,356,408,434]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">UCBME</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E0AD6530FFB3FFF11AB6FE0B41E18DCB" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB3FFF61AB6FE0B422C899F" blockId="35.[189,363,473,499]" box="[189,363,473,499]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<heading id="F34081D7FFB3FFF61AB6FE0B422C899F" bold="true" box="[189,363,473,499]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB3FFF61AB6FE0B422C899F" bold="true" box="[189,363,473,499]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Redescription</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB3FFF61AE1FDDA42028A4E" blockId="35.[189,1364,520,581]" box="[234,325,520,546]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB3FFF61AE1FDDA42028A4E" bold="true" box="[234,325,520,546]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Female</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB3FFF61AB6FDF946138A29" blockId="35.[189,1364,520,581]" box="[189,1364,555,581]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
MEASUREMENTS. Length 8.0 mm; head length
|
||
<quantity id="6F4F9B5EFFB3FFF618C5FDF9406C8A29" box="[718,811,555,581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; head width
|
||
<quantity id="6F4F9B5EFFB3FFF619CBFDF9475A8A29" box="[960,1053,555,581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
; fore wing length
|
||
<quantity id="6F4F9B5EFFB3FFF61EF9FDF946088A29" box="[1266,1359,555,581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="8.1">8.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB3FFF61AB6FDBF41658B5B" blockId="35.[189,1399,620,823]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
INTEGUMENT COLORATION. Mostly dark brown to black; notable exceptions as follows: at least partially ferruginous on mandible, antenna, pronotal collar, tegula, mesopleuron and legs. Mandible with apex darker than rest of mandible; preapical tooth lighter than mandibular apex (difficult to see in
|
||
<typeStatus id="770C8819FFB3FFF61F1BFD6146308AA1" box="[1296,1399,691,717]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
because mandibles closed; described from non-type specimen). Antenna brown except scape, pedicel and F1 extensively orange. Wing membrane subhyaline, basally dusky. Legs with brown or black more extensive than reddish orange.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB3FFF11AB6FC8C427E89FC" blockId="35.[189,1399,862,1029]" lastBlockId="36.[189,1399,267,400]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">PUBESCENCE. Face with tomentum densest around antennal socket. Clypeus, upper paraocular and frontal areas, and vertexal area mostly exposed. Pronotal collar with narrow band of ferruginous short, appressed setae along posterior margin. Mesoscutum with some ferruginous short, appressed setae along posterior margin. Mesopleuron nearly bare, except along margins. Metanotum with tomentum sparser medially, uniformly light brown/pale ferruginous. Dorsum of metasoma without bands of pale tomentum. T5 laterally with long, erect simple setae. T5 with pseudopygidial area lunate, its apex more than twice as wide as medial length, indicated by silvery setae on disc of apicomedial region elevated from rest of tergum. S5 with apical fimbria of coppery to silvery hairs extending beyond apex of sternum by ~½ MOD.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="FCC86633FFB3FFF61AB6F85842BA8F87" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476783" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3476783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476783/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" startId="35.[189,232,1930,1956]" targetBox="[189,1398,1074,1886]" targetPageId="35">
|
||
<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB3FFF61AB6F85842BA8F87" blockId="35.[189,1399,1930,2027]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB3FFF61AB6F858425C8FC8" bold="true" box="[189,283,1930,1956]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 15.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FB74D38FFB3FFF61B2FF85841E28FC9" authority="(Michener, 1954)" authorityName="Michener" authorityYear="1954" baseAuthorityName="Michener" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[292,677,1930,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB3FFF61B2FF858428D8FC8" box="[292,458,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Epeolus niger</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC264B4AFFB3FFF61BD0F85841DB8FC9" author="Michener" box="[475,668,1930,1957]" firstAuthor="Michener" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 175" refId="ref36127" refString="Michener C. D. 1954. Bees of Panama. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 104: 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1954">Michener, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB3FFF618B9F85841808FC8" bold="true" box="[690,711,1930,1956]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Female, habitus, lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB3FFF61E35F85847158FC8" bold="true" box="[1086,1106,1930,1956]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Female, habitus, dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB3FFF61B0DF87F425C8FAB" bold="true" box="[262,283,1965,1991]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Male, habitus, lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB3FFF6188BF87C41D28FA4" bold="true" box="[640,661,1966,1992]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Female axillae and mesoscutellum, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–C = 3 mm; D = 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB4FFF11AB6FE65410C8ACA" blockId="36.[189,1399,439,679]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">SURFACE SCULPTURE. Punctures dense. Labrum with larger and sparser punctures (many i≥1d) than clypeus (i<1d). Small impunctate dull/textured spot lateral to lateral ocellus. Mesoscutum, mesoscutellum and axilla very coarsely and densely rugose-punctate. Tegula densely punctate anteriorly and mesally (i≤1d), sparsely punctate (i>2d) to impunctate posteriorly and along margins. Mesopleuron with ventrolateral half densely punctate (i≤1d), interspaces dull due to tessellate surface microsculpture; mesopleuron with punctures more or less equally dense throughout. Metasomal terga with punctures very fine, dense (i≈1d), evenly distributed on disc.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB4FFF11AB6FD1C42CE8CBB" blockId="36.[189,1399,717,1239]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
STRUCTURE. Preapical tooth acute. Labral apex with pair of small denticles (separated by shallow concavity), each preceded by small, discrete longitudinal ridge. Frontal keel strongly raised. Frontal area with pair of discrete, sparsely punctate, granulose protrusions, each located near upper mesal margin of compound eye. Head dorsally with pair of protrusions, each located where upper genal area meets vertexal area. Vertexal area strongly convex in frontal view. Scape with greatest length 1.4 × greatest width. F2 noticeably longer than wide (L/W ratio = 1.4). Preoccipital ridge separated from hypostomal carina by no less than 1 MOD. Pronotal collar rather short (medial length ~⅔ MOD), expanded laterally to about 2 × medial length in dorsal view, and relatively straight along anterior margin. Mesoscutellum moderately bigibbous, depressed along posterior margin beneath overhanging ridge. Axilla large, its lateral margin more than half as long as mesoscutellar width (AL/MSCW ratio = 0.6) and tip extending as far back as apex of horizontal dorsal portion of mesoscutellum; axilla with tip conspicuously diverging from side of mesoscutellum, distinctly hooked, and axilla with free portion between ⅓ and
|
||
<superScript id="5FC29BF3FFB4FFF11AB6FBA143838CED" attach="none" box="[189,196,1139,1153]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">2</superScript>
|
||
∕
|
||
<subScript id="343334FEFFB4FFF11AC2FBAD43978CE1" attach="left" box="[201,208,1151,1165]" fontSize="6" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">5</subScript>
|
||
its medial length; axilla with lateral margin relatively straight and carinate. Mesopleuron with weak carina delineating its anterior and lateral surfaces. Fore wing with three submarginal cells. Pygidial plate apically rounded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB4FFF11AE1FB2D426D8D75" blockId="36.[189,1398,1279,1447]" box="[234,298,1279,1305]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB4FFF11AE1FB2D426D8D75" bold="true" box="[234,298,1279,1305]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Male</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB4FFF11AB6FAF041E18DCB" blockId="36.[189,1398,1279,1447]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Description as for female except for usual secondary sexual characters and as follows: F2 shorter, not noticeably longer than wide (L/W ratio = 1.1); wing membrane dusky throughout; pygidial plate with larger and deeper punctures, closely punctate throughout; S4 and S5 with much longer (>1 MOD), curved coppery to silvery subapical hairs.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E0AD6530FFB4FFF11AB6FA1C47828E7B" box="[189,1221,1486,1560]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB4FFF11AB6FA1C42118D84" blockId="36.[189,342,1486,1512]" box="[189,342,1486,1512]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<heading id="F34081D7FFB4FFF11AB6FA1C42118D84" bold="true" box="[189,342,1486,1512]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB4FFF11AB6FA1C42118D84" bold="true" box="[189,342,1486,1512]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB4FFF11AB6FA2F47828E7B" blockId="36.[189,1221,1533,1560]" box="[189,1221,1533,1560]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Previously known only from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D0A0762BFFB4FFF1181EFA2C41328E74" box="[533,629,1534,1560]" name="Panama" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
, herein newly reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D0A0762BFFB4FFF119C2FA2F470D8E7B" box="[969,1098,1533,1559]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="308C2A3EFFB4FFF11E52FA2F47FF8E7B" box="[1113,1208,1533,1559]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1824,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[241,1373,265,2019]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 7 (opposite page). Occurrence records (yellow circles except where indicated otherwise) of: A. Epeolus boliviensis Friese, 1908. B. E. claripennis Friese, 1908. C. E. danieli (Genaro, 2014) comb. nov. (orange square) and E. luteipennis Friese, 1916. D. E. fulvopilosus Cameron, 1902. E. E. fumipennis Say, 1837. F. E. hanusiae sp. nov. G. E. niger (Michener, 1954). H. E. nomadiformis sp. nov. I. E. obscuripes Cockerell, 1917 stat. nov. J. E. odyneroides sp. nov. K. E. pulchellus Cresson, 1865." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3476765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3476765/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 7G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E0AD6530FFB4FFF11AB6F9ED427E8F7C" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB4FFF11AB6F9ED42678E35" blockId="36.[189,288,1599,1625]" box="[189,288,1599,1625]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<heading id="F34081D7FFB4FFF11AB6F9ED42678E35" bold="true" box="[189,288,1599,1625]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB4FFF11AB6F9ED42678E35" bold="true" box="[189,288,1599,1625]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Ecology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB4FFF11AE1F9BC42CD8EE4" blockId="36.[189,394,1646,1707]" box="[234,394,1646,1672]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB4FFF11AE1F9BC42CD8EE4" bold="true" box="[234,394,1646,1672]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Host records</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB4FFF11AB6F943427E8EC7" blockId="36.[189,394,1646,1707]" box="[189,313,1681,1707]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Unknown.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB4FFF11AE1F90142DB8E81" blockId="36.[189,412,1747,1808]" box="[234,412,1747,1773]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB4FFF11AE1F90142DB8E81" bold="true" box="[234,412,1747,1773]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Floral records</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB4FFF11AB6F924427E8F7C" blockId="36.[189,412,1747,1808]" box="[189,313,1782,1808]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Unknown.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E0AD6530FFB4FFF01AB6F8EA40178A74" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB4FFF11AB6F8EA42688F3E" blockId="36.[189,303,1848,1874]" box="[189,303,1848,1874]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<heading id="F34081D7FFB4FFF11AB6F8EA42688F3E" bold="true" box="[189,303,1848,1874]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB4FFF11AB6F8EA42688F3E" bold="true" box="[189,303,1848,1874]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB4FFF01AB6F8B442BA8900" blockId="36.[189,1398,1894,2027]" lastBlockId="37.[189,1399,267,365]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FB74D38FFB4FFF11AB6F8B442238FEC" baseAuthorityName="Michener" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[189,356,1894,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB4FFF11AB6F8B442238FEC" box="[189,356,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Epeolus niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits unusual sexual dimorphism in that in females the fore wings are only deeply infuscate basally, whereas in males the wings are infuscate throughout. The extensive black coloration and apically clear fore wings of this species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FB74D38FFB4FFF118F5F87C40E38FAB" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1908" box="[766,932,1965,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claripennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB4FFF118F5F87C40E38FAB" box="[766,932,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">E. claripennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
give both the distinctive appearance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FB74D38FFB4FFF11AB6F80342318F87" authorityName="R. von Ihering" authorityYear="1904" box="[189,374,2001,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parachartergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB4FFF11AB6F80342318F87" box="[189,374,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Parachartergus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These features are also shared with various tropical stingless bees (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FB74D38FFB4FFF11EDAF80046698F87" authorityName="Jurine" authorityYear="1807" box="[1233,1326,2002,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB4FFF11EDAF80046698F87" box="[1233,1326,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Trigona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.), some of which are known to be in mimetic complexes that include a diversity of aculeates, including other bees (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC264B4AFFB5FFF01B46FEFD41698925" author="Smith-Pardo" box="[333,558,302,329]" firstAuthor="Smith-Pardo" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref37299" refString="Smith-Pardo A. H. 2005. Systematics and mimicry of the genus Neocorynura: an example of two species from Central America (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 48 B (1 - 2): 11 - 21. https: // doi. org / 10.3409 / 173491505783995572" type="journal article" year="2005">Smith-Pardo 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and even non-hymenopterous insects such as flower flies (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FB74D38FFB5FFF01F1EFEFD46348925" box="[1301,1395,303,329]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FB74D38FFB5FFF01AB6FE8042718901" box="[189,310,338,365]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Syrphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC264B4AFFB5FFF01B46FE8042B68900" author="Reemer" box="[333,497,338,364]" firstAuthor="Reemer" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref36816" refString="Reemer M. 2013. Taxonomic exploration of Neotropical Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) mimicking stingless bees. Zootaxa 3697: 1 - 88. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3697.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Reemer 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A80836BBFFB5FFF01AB6FE4640178A74" blockId="37.[189,1399,403,536]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
In addition to the examined material, this species is known from another four specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D0A0762BFFB5FFF01F11FE46463089C2" box="[1306,1399,404,430]" name="Panama" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CC264B4AFFB5FFF01ACEFE65423A89BD" author="Michener" box="[197,381,438,465]" firstAuthor="Michener" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 175" refId="ref36127" refString="Michener C. D. 1954. Bees of Panama. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 104: 1 - 175." type="journal article" year="1954">Michener 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FB74D38FFB5FFF01BD2FE6A417089BD" baseAuthorityName="Michener" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[473,567,440,465]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB5FFF01BD2FE6A417089BD" box="[473,567,440,465]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">E. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be uncommon, or at least uncommonly collected, compared to the similar-looking but much more widely distributed species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FB74D38FFB5FFF019A8FE0947018998" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1908" box="[931,1094,474,500]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claripennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB5FFF019A8FE0947018998" box="[931,1094,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">E. claripennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Based on known records, adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FB74D38FFB5FFF01B21FE2C42CE8A7B" baseAuthorityName="Michener" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[298,393,510,535]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||
<emphasis id="9AC3EAA9FFB5FFF01B21FE2C42CE8A7B" box="[298,393,510,535]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">E. niger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are active between February and May.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |