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<document id="C945B4B869A6457F16C8413D4B0F85BB" ID-CLB-Dataset="27950" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="832ac35c-8871-4041-9321-ea7f2ae5eb41" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2610021" ID-ZooBank="A4FD6137-25B0-43D5-845B-B4FDF4E9F5D7" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553624231237" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe &amp; Dorchin, Netta" docDate="2018" docId="AC1F87FEFFE9FF88FF61F8CEFD11B69F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4521.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4521 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Andricus megatruncicolus Melika 2008" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="465" masterDocId="5026FF86FFE4FF86FFF6FFE8FFBAB733" masterDocTitle="The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history" masterLastPageNumber="498" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="464" updateTime="1698713837181" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="E964F9AE644A15FEE941F6298ACABBDA">The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FFCC9B31614299F1D270998C3CF240AE">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="83DCC67555529D5744FD698003F92FB7">Inbar, Moshe</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="AC1F87FEFFE9FF88FF61F8CEFD11B69F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5949877" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154498979" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5949877" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC1F87FEFFE9FF88FF61F8CEFD11B69F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC1F87FEFFE9FF88FF61F8CEFD11B69F" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="465" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFE9FF8BFF61F8CEFD3AB072" box="[151,640,1830,1857]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE9FF8BFF61F8CEFD3AB072" blockId="13.[151,640,1830,1857]" box="[151,640,1830,1857]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<heading id="7F418184FFE9FF8BFF61F8CEFD3AB072" bold="true" box="[151,640,1830,1857]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE9FF8BFF61F8CEFD3AB072" authority="Melika, 2008" authorityName="Melika" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,640,1830,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megatruncicolus">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFF61F8CEFD3AB072" bold="true" box="[151,640,1830,1857]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFF61F8CEFE6DB073" bold="true" box="[151,471,1830,1856]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Andricus megatruncicolus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFE9FF8BFE28F8CFFD3AB072" author="Tavakoli, M. &amp; Melika, G. &amp; Sadeghi, S. E. &amp; Penzes, Z. &amp; Assareh, M. A. &amp; Atkinson, R. &amp; Bechtold, M. &amp; Miko, I. &amp; Zargaran, M. R. &amp; Aligolizade, D. &amp; Barimani, H. &amp; Bihari, P. &amp; Pirozi, F. &amp; Fulop, D. &amp; Somogyi, K. &amp; Challis, R. &amp; Preuss, S. &amp; Nicholls, J. &amp; Stone, G. N." box="[478,640,1831,1857]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref36731" refString="Tavakoli, M., Melika, G., Sadeghi, S. E., Penzes, Z., Assareh, M. A., Atkinson, R., Bechtold, M., Miko, I., Zargaran, M. R., Aligolizade, D., Barimani, H., Bihari, P., Pirozi, F., Fulop, D., Somogyi, K., Challis, R., Preuss, S., Nicholls, J. &amp; Stone, G. N. (2008) New species of oak gallwaps from Iran (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa, 1699, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="2008">Melika, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFE9FF8BFF61F885FB38B0C2" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE9FF8BFF61F885FCD9B0B6" blockId="13.[151,1437,1901,2033]" box="[151,867,1901,1926]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFF61F885FE9CB0B5" bold="true" box="[151,294,1901,1926]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Host plants.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFE9FF8BFEDBF885FECAB0B5" box="[301,368,1901,1926]" name="Israel" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Israel</collectingCountry>
:
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE9FF8BFE8CF886FE46B0B6" box="[378,508,1901,1925]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boissieri">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFE8CF886FE46B0B6" box="[378,508,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Q. boissieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFE9FF8BFDFDF886FD82B0B6" box="[523,568,1902,1925]" name="Iran" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Iran</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFE9FF8BFD98F885FD78B0B5" box="[622,706,1901,1926]" name="Turkey" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Turkey</collectingCountry>
:
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFE9FF8BFD3AF886FCE1B0B5" box="[716,859,1902,1926]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="infectoria">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFD3AF886FCE1B0B5" box="[716,859,1902,1926]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Q. infectoria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="240936E8FFE9FF8BFF31F879FB38B0C2" blockId="13.[151,1437,1901,2033]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFE9FF8BFF31F879FEE2B099" bold="true" box="[199,344,1937,1962]" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Life history.</emphasis>
Known only from the bud galls of the asexual generation, which are pentagon-shaped,
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFE9FF8BFAC7F879FA26B09A" box="[1329,1436,1937,1962]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="464" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="5.0">515 mm</quantity>
in diameter and single-chambered (
<figureCitation id="BC8D2A6DFFE9FF8BFDD2F85CFDCDB0FE" box="[548,631,1972,1997]" captionStart="FIGURES 1722" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1664,1687]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,193,1641]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[152,1435,193,1644]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 1722. Galls on Quercus boissieri. 17. Andricus coriariformis, asexual generation; 18. Andricus moreae, asexual generation; 19. Andricus sp. 1, asexual generation; 20. Andricus sternlichti, asexual generation; 21. Andricus megatruncicolus, asexual generation; 22. Biorhiza pallida, sexual generation." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610029/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="464">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
). The galls are broadly attached to the branch and are composed of five flattened units that sheath a spherical mass. Old galls remain on the tree for several years.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFEAFF88FF31FF7FFE2AB7E7" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" type="description">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFEAFF88FF31FF7FFE2AB7E7" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEAFF88FF31FF7FFEF3B783" bold="true" box="[199,329,151,176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Phenology.</emphasis>
Galls develop over the summer and mature in September, adults emerge in the following spring (
<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFEAFF88FF68FF54FE3FB7E7" author="Tavakoli, M. &amp; Melika, G. &amp; Sadeghi, S. E. &amp; Penzes, Z. &amp; Assareh, M. A. &amp; Atkinson, R. &amp; Bechtold, M. &amp; Miko, I. &amp; Zargaran, M. R. &amp; Aligolizade, D. &amp; Barimani, H. &amp; Bihari, P. &amp; Pirozi, F. &amp; Fulop, D. &amp; Somogyi, K. &amp; Challis, R. &amp; Preuss, S. &amp; Nicholls, J. &amp; Stone, G. N." box="[158,389,188,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref36731" refString="Tavakoli, M., Melika, G., Sadeghi, S. E., Penzes, Z., Assareh, M. A., Atkinson, R., Bechtold, M., Miko, I., Zargaran, M. R., Aligolizade, D., Barimani, H., Bihari, P., Pirozi, F., Fulop, D., Somogyi, K., Challis, R., Preuss, S., Nicholls, J. &amp; Stone, G. N. (2008) New species of oak gallwaps from Iran (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa, 1699, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="2008">
Tavakoli
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEAFF88FEFFFF55FE80B7E7" box="[265,314,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFEAFF88FF31FF37FEEAB62E" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFEAFF88FF31FF37FEEAB62E" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEAFF88FF31FF37FEDAB7CB" bold="true" box="[199,352,223,248]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEAFF88FE9FFF37FE1DB7CB" box="[361,423,223,248]" name="Israel" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Israel</collectingCountry>
: Very rare, found only twice in one location on Mt. Hermon at
<quantity id="E34E9B0DFFEAFF88FB73FF08FB59B7CB" box="[1157,1251,223,248]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.78" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" unit="m" value="1780.0">1780 m</quantity>
.a.s.l. Elsewhere:
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEAFF88FF61FEEDFF7EB62F" box="[151,196,261,284]" name="Iran" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Iran</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFEAFF88FF0CFEECFEF6B62E" box="[250,332,260,285]" name="Turkey" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Turkey</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFEAFF88FF31FECFFD11B69F" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="240936E8FFEAFF88FF31FECFFD11B69F" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEAFF88FF31FECFFEF5B673" bold="true" box="[199,335,295,320]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Comments.</emphasis>
The species epithet reflects the close similarity of the adults and galls of the asexual generation to those of
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEAFF88FEF4FEA4FDDBB656" authority="(Giraud)" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" box="[258,609,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncicolus">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEAFF88FEF4FEA4FE4BB657" box="[258,497,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Andricus truncicolus</emphasis>
(Giraud)
</taxonomicName>
, and the larger size of the gall. The extreme rarity of purely asexual lifecycles in oak gallwasps (
<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFEAFF88FE29FE98FD13B6BB" author="Stone, G. N. &amp; Schonrogge, K. &amp; Atkinson, R. J. &amp; Bellido, D. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J." box="[479,681,368,392]" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" pagination="633 - 668" refId="ref36301" refString="Stone, G. N., Schonrogge, K., Atkinson, R. J., Bellido, D. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. (2002) The population biology of oak gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 47, 633 - 668. https: // doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. ento. 47.091201.145247" type="journal article" year="2002">
Stone
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEAFF88FDDCFE99FDE4B6BB" box="[554,606,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
) suggests that
<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFEAFF88FCAEFE98FB8CB6BB" box="[856,1078,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="465" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megatruncicolus">
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEAFF88FCAEFE98FB8CB6BB" box="[856,1078,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">A. megatruncicolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a sexual generation which probably develops on oaks from section
<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFEAFF88FDABFE7CFD1FB698" box="[605,677,404,427]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="465">Cerris</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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