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<document id="EE766D8C6DC6B4975C85F341DBA41F07" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5351508" ID-ISSN="2345-7600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5351508" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630206133952" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Polhemus, Dan A. &amp; Polhemus, John T." docDate="2013" docId="03C6879C1031731CFF58F906DE4EAFDF" docLanguage="en" docName="61rbz025-045.pdf" docOrigin="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C6443723295B2E4C6F22B9B23F08089C.5:RafflesBZool.2006-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="C6443723295B2E4C6F22B9B23F08089C" docStyleName="RafflesBZool.2006-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Lethocerus indicus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="FFFFFFE41030731EFFF9FFFADF15AD0A" masterDocTitle="Guide To The Aquatic Heteroptera Of Singapore And Peninsular Malaysia. X. Infraorder Nepomorpha-Famlies Belostomatidae And Nepidae" masterLastPageNumber="45" masterPageNumber="25" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1699184916004" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="2A0437CDD472FCBA6385E8409B5FAD71">Guide To The Aquatic Heteroptera Of Singapore And Peninsular Malaysia. X. Infraorder Nepomorpha-Famlies Belostomatidae And Nepidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D629DEC47DB2A53C78546085AD7D011F">Polhemus, Dan A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="73DD9FCC3788E28AFD426A1B79DA0F1D">Polhemus, John T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7A57FB78FDEC9E68B9C6CF09C2731127">Raffles Bulletin of Zoology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4C1A17B70B49D9BFC6537CE0613D2F23">
<mods:date id="0D0153AF2C60253C40C9E742F22FCCD9">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A61F1DD3D8DE2A581F4EF05E3B36E963">2013-02-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="6A5B6C6D62C79D2672B1FDBE0B92DA96" type="volume">
<mods:number id="2FDB043F85D4A0CAD792F6CCF218891B">61</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="B1CB6D527D442E8378611901E721A825" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5351508</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3D4A4FE965AF67F06C849CC4A68B855D" type="ISSN">2345-7600</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="506A5C077E0BECED1C29D01114E941F1" type="Zenodo-Dep">5351508</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C6879C1031731CFF58F906DE4EAFDF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C6879C1031731CFF58F906DE4EAFDF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C6879C1031731CFF58F906DE4EAFDF" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
<subSubSection id="C37565011031731FFF58F906DDD4AA1F" box="[161,705,1788,1813]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD0368A1031731FFF58F906DDD4AA1F" blockId="1.[161,705,1788,1845]" box="[161,705,1788,1813]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
<heading id="D09881E61031731FFF58F906DDD4AA1F" bold="true" box="[161,705,1788,1813]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D091031731FFF58F906DDD4AA1F" ID-CoL="6Q2MQ" authority="(Lepeletier &amp; Serville, 1825)" baseAuthorityName="Lepeletier &amp; Serville" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[161,705,1788,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" genus="Lethocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B91BEA981031731FFF58F906DDD4AA1F" bold="true" box="[161,705,1788,1813]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B91BEA981031731FFF58F906DE61AA1F" bold="true" box="[161,372,1788,1813]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Lethocerus indicus</emphasis>
(Lepeletier &amp; Serville, 1825)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37565011031731FFE71F8E7DECFAA3F" box="[392,474,1821,1845]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD0368A1031731FFE71F8E7DECFAA3F" blockId="1.[161,705,1788,1845]" box="[392,474,1821,1845]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
(
<figureCitation id="13542A0F1031731FFE69F8E7DEC5AA3F" box="[400,464,1821,1845]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[812,847,2061,2083]" captionTargetBox="[812,1453,1071,2039]" captionTargetId="figure-368@1.[812,1454,1068,2039]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Lethocerus indicus (Lepeletier &amp; Serville), male, specimen from Laos, Vientiane Prov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5351510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5351510/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37565011031731FFF8BF8A7DECEAAA1" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD0368A1031731FFF8BF8A7DD48AA7B" blockId="1.[114,605,1884,1963]" box="[114,605,1884,1906]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D091031731FFF8BF8A7DD48AA7B" authority="Lepeletier &amp; Serville, 1825: 272" authorityName="Lepeletier &amp; Serville" authorityPageNumber="272" authorityYear="1825" box="[114,605,1884,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" genus="Belostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="B91BEA981031731FFF8BF8A7DE0FAA7B" box="[114,282,1885,1905]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Belostoma indica</emphasis>
Lepeletier &amp; Serville, 1825: 272
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD0368A1031731FFF8BF880DEC4AA84" blockId="1.[114,605,1884,1963]" box="[114,465,1913,1934]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7F11A41031731FFF8BF880DEC4AA84" box="[114,465,1913,1934]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACE109B1031731FFF8BF880DEC4AA84" author="Green, E" box="[114,465,1913,1934]" page="113" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" year="1901">
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D091031731FFF8BF880DEC4AA84" authority=": Green, 1901: 113" authorityName="Green" authorityPageNumber="113" authorityYear="1901" box="[114,465,1913,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" genus="Amorgius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B91BEA981031731FFF8BF880DE0FAA84" box="[114,282,1914,1934]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Amorgius indicus</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B7B1031731FFED1F883DEC4AA84" author="Green, E" box="[296,465,1913,1934]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" pagination="113" refId="ref19194" refString="Green, E. E., 1901. Biologic notes on some Ceylonese Rhynchota. Entomologist, 34: 113." type="journal article" year="1901">Green, 1901: 113</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD0368A1031731FFF8BF86CDECEAAA1" blockId="1.[114,605,1884,1963]" box="[114,475,1941,1963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7F11A41031731FFF8BF86CDECEAAA1" box="[114,475,1941,1963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACE109B1031731FFF8BF86CDECEAAA1" author="Hale, H" box="[114,475,1941,1963]" page="521" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" year="1924">
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D091031731FFF8BF86CDECEAAA1" authority=": Hale, 1924: 521" authorityName="Hale" authorityPageNumber="521" authorityYear="1924" box="[114,475,1941,1963]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" genus="Lethocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicum">
<emphasis id="B91BEA981031731FFF8BF86CDE25AAA0" box="[114,304,1942,1962]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Lethocerus indicum</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B7B1031731FFEC6F86FDECEAAA1" author="Hale, H" box="[319,475,1941,1963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" pagination="521 - 522" refId="ref19216" refString="Hale, H. M., 1924. Aquatic Hemiptera from Groote Eylandt. Records from the South Australian Museum, 2: 521 - 522." type="journal article" year="1924">Hale, 1924: 521</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37565011031731CFF8BF834DE4EAFDF" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD0368A1031731FFF8BF834DE9FA531" blockId="1.[114,754,1998,2107]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B91BEA981031731FFF8BF834DE29AAEE" bold="true" box="[114,316,1998,2020]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B91BEA981031731FFF8BF834DE23AAEE" bold="true" box="[114,310,1998,2020]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Material examined</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
—
<materialsCitation id="3B073CD71031731FFE91F835DE8AA508" collectorName="Changi Airport" country="Singapore" location="SINGAPORE" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<collectingCountry id="F378761A1031731FFE91F835DEE3AAEE" box="[360,502,1999,2020]" name="Singapore" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">SINGAPORE</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="9D69FD031031731FFDFBF835DD5FAAEF" box="[514,586,1999,2021]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<collectorName id="269A535C1031731FFDA1F835DDE4AAEF" box="[600,753,1999,2021]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Changi Airport</collectorName>
hanger (origin possibly PNG)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B073CD71031731FFE5BF816DDFBA508" box="[418,750,2028,2050]" collectingDate="1987-11-14" collectionCode="ZRC" collectorName="Razali" country="Papua New Guinea" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" specimenCount="1">
<date id="FFD1104A1031731FFE5BF816DD36A50B" box="[418,547,2028,2050]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" value="1987-11-14">
<collectingDate id="EF95E9A21031731FFE5BF816DD36A50B" box="[418,547,2028,2050]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" value="1987-11-14">14 Nov.1987</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="269A535C1031731FFD9DF816DDB7A508" box="[612,674,2028,2050]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Razali</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED7EAE4F1031731FFD4BF816DDF3A508" box="[690,742,2028,2050]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">ZRC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B073CD71031731FFF8BF7F3DD66A515" box="[114,627,2056,2079]" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Malaysia" location="Kedah" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kedah">
<collectingCountry id="F378761A1031731FFF8BF7F3DFE7A514" box="[114,242,2057,2078]" name="Malaysia" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">MALAYSIA</collectingCountry>
:
<emphasis id="B91BEA981031731FFF02F7F3DE2AA514" bold="true" box="[251,319,2057,2078]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
<collectingRegion id="49ABF8681031731FFF02F7F3DE2AA514" box="[251,319,2057,2078]" country="Malaysia" name="Kedah" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Kedah</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount id="9D69FD031031731FFEB4F7F3DE84A514" box="[333,401,2056,2078]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, no further data (
<collectionCode id="ED7EAE4F1031731FFDC1F7F3DD79A515" box="[568,620,2057,2079]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">ZRC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B073CD71031731FFD84F7F2DE93A531" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Malaysia" location="Selangor" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Selangor">
<emphasis id="B91BEA981031731FFD84F7F2DDCDA514" bold="true" box="[637,728,2056,2078]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
<collectingRegion id="49ABF8681031731FFD84F7F2DDCDA514" box="[637,728,2056,2078]" country="Malaysia" name="Selangor" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Selangor</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount id="9D69FD031031731FFD1CF7F3DFB6A531" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, no further data (
<collectionCode id="ED7EAE4F1031731FFEB2F7DFDE6AA531" box="[331,383,2085,2107]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">ZRC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1066021031731FFCD5F7F7DB26A54A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5351510" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5351510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5351510/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" startId="1.[812,847,2061,2083]" targetBox="[812,1453,1071,2039]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8BD0368A1031731FFCD5F7F7DB26A54A" blockId="1.[812,1452,2061,2112]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
Fig. 1.
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D091031731FFC88F7F5DA19A529" authority="(Lepeletier &amp; Serville)" baseAuthorityName="Lepeletier &amp; Serville" box="[881,1292,2061,2083]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" genus="Lethocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B91BEA981031731FFC88F7F5DB32A529" box="[881,1063,2063,2083]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Lethocerus indicus</emphasis>
(Lepeletier &amp; Serville)
</taxonomicName>
, male, specimen from Laos, Vientiane Prov.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD0368A1032731CFF71FF47DE41AC1F" blockId="2.[136,775,189,277]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
in comparison to
<collectingCountry id="F378761A1032731CFEB2FF47DEBFADDF" box="[331,426,189,213]" name="Thailand" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Thailand</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F378761A1032731CFE1DFF44DD0FADDF" box="[484,538,190,213]" name="Laos" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Laos</collectingCountry>
, where the species is still very abundant, being commonly sold as a food item in local market stalls.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD0368A1032731CFF71FEC7DE4EAFDF" blockId="2.[136,775,317,725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
The biology and life history of this species was described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B7B1032731CFF71FEA7DE2DAC7F" author="Hoffman, W" box="[136,312,349,373]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" pagination="243 - 258" refId="ref19244" refString="Hoffman, W. E., 1933 a. Additional data on the life history of Lethocerus indicus (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae). Lingnan Science Journal, 12: 243 - 258." type="journal article" year="1933">Hoffman (1933a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B7B1032731CFEB8FEA7DE92AC7F" author="Hoffman, W" box="[321,391,349,373]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" pagination="597 - 601" refId="ref19279" refString="Hoffman, W. E., 1933 b. Life history of Lethocerus indicus (L. S.). Lingnan Science Journal, 12: 597 - 601." type="journal article" year="1933">1933b</bibRefCitation>
). Although lentic habitats potentially suitable for
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D091032731CFEEBFE84DE94AC9F" box="[274,385,382,405]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" genus="Lethocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B91BEA981032731CFEEBFE84DE34AC9F" box="[274,289,382,405]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B91BEA981032731CFECBFE84DE94AC9F" box="[306,385,382,405]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exist in the Selatar Reservoir and Nee Soon Swamp Forest areas of
<collectingCountry id="F378761A1032731CFDF7FE67DD6AACBF" box="[526,639,413,437]" name="Singapore" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Singapore</collectingCountry>
, there is no indication that
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D091032731CFECDFE44DEB6ACDF" box="[308,419,446,469]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" genus="Lethocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B91BEA981032731CFECDFE44DE56ACDF" box="[308,323,446,469]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B91BEA981032731CFEADFE44DEB6ACDF" box="[340,419,446,469]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
currently occurs on the island, with no captures of this species in over two decades. The absence of recent specimens in the ZRC collections of an insect this large and conspicuous is notable, and given that
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D091032731CFF71FDC4DE41AF5F" box="[136,340,573,597]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" genus="Lethocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B91BEA981032731CFF71FDC4DFEAAF5F" box="[136,255,574,597]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Lethocerus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are strongly attracted to lights suggests ecological changes, possibly including urban light pollution, may have had a deleterious effect on this species, as has been documented for other
<taxonomicName id="4C6F4D091032731CFE8EFD64DD57AFBF" box="[375,578,669,693]" class="Insecta" family="Belostomatidae" genus="Lethocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B91BEA981032731CFE8EFD64DEFBAFBF" box="[375,494,670,693]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Lethocerus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
elsewhere in Asia (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFE4B7B1032731CFF76FD47DE5AAFDF" author="Yoon, T &amp; Kim, S &amp; Kim, S" box="[143,335,701,725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" pagination="195 - 203" refId="ref21286" refString="Yoon, T. J., D. G. Kim, S. Y. Kim, S. I. Jo &amp; Y. J. Bae, 2010. Light-attraction flight of the giant water bug, Lethocerus deyrolli (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae), an endangered wetland insect in East Asia. Aquatic Insects, 32: 195 - 203." type="journal article" year="2010">Yoon et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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