289 lines
32 KiB
XML
289 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="83D8535CCA97EF374B09814A8A7A2FBA" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4139.1.4" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4139.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3cf8edb7-4be5-4ec3-803e-ca1f224d703b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="271999" ID-ZooBank="2744EC46-70A1-4267-AAB8-2131F5DC21DC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1468909435473" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nunes, Rafael V. & Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z." docDate="2016" docId="03C187AE453DFF890EC8FCF8FD55FEE7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4139.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4139 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Dichotomius (Selenocopris) darwini Nunes & Vaz-De-Mello, 2016, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" masterDocId="FFF8FFD6453BFF810E5FFF9FFF9CFFFA" masterDocTitle="New brachypterous species of Dichotomius (Selenocopris) Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with the definition of species groups and taxonomic notes in the subgenus" updateTime="1698365276952" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="0C629C8EE5757F8AE342020FD49259B3" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="A921C03FFA6C6509D12DCBE0C976EFE1">
|
||
<mods:title id="3026B13FF7DA6DEDC2F4D78A0F568326">New brachypterous species of Dichotomius (Selenocopris) Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with the definition of species groups and taxonomic notes in the subgenus</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="0C660007C0DA47BE8328C8696BE8ECC5" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="5962AA09B78645C150D2C7FA19F3A339">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="4E2E2FC21BF7EB4585D0547D1804AA13">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="CFFC1E4633B782C86D57088896D0B41F">Nunes, Rafael V.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="11B55D3B1CC86940CDAF899250C71110" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="9B55FE64C6749B0B318CBBC45FEB0A7D">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="F0FE004BC9817E3D6E8D11B719EF65E7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="57077199C086DC563FD44ED89629DC10">Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="DD79A72E50797BA40CBA5B91C3E677E5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="F2B5C31748AACECA1D08DA8D631CF9B5" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="3A419ED920D4BF3B8D43069AC49E8D8E">
|
||
<mods:title id="49F347C8A2EDAD9B4EEF010DF2365DD8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="3CEEA054BDDD615861E320A7C260CDA4">
|
||
<mods:date id="C13E65875548C6F13CFD016466777042">2016</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="61F2CC1C62170AB20DDC0DAD35972604" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="550B24E7DE67D3E91075F9D2D18B2051">4139</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="01997C85C70322D4C09932D44682F16D" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="C7E8F676F3A799C310D491D57160368F">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="528EB824A695C83E2327BDC0CBE9DD31">journal volume</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="DCB494847B4C6527399584FBB9287EB2" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4139.1.4</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="66FF4D39CB65431CB581212D8FB8CFBB" type="GBIF-Dataset">3cf8edb7-4be5-4ec3-803e-ca1f224d703b</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C9E42A77B7E5309A0649C77CEADCAAF7" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F150DF1BC48AE3AB58B11FC13E97D10C" type="Zenodo-Dep">271999</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="52E82A9559E38710B1FD3D93462311F0" type="ZooBank">2744EC46-70A1-4267-AAB8-2131F5DC21DC</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03C187AE453DFF890EC8FCF8FD55FEE7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6090771" ID-GBIF-Taxon="123198328" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6090771" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C187AE453DFF890EC8FCF8FD55FEE7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C187AE453DFF890EC8FCF8FD55FEE7" lastPageId="8" pageId="6">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3726533453DFF870EC8FCF8FF77FC59" pageId="6" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736B8453DFF870EC8FCF8FD7EFC78" blockId="6.[151,738,871,931]" box="[151,738,871,898]" pageId="6">
|
||
<heading id="D09F81D4453DFF870EC8FCF8FD7EFC78" bold="true" box="[151,738,871,898]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453DFF870EC8FCF8FD7EFC78" bold="true" box="[151,738,871,898]" pageId="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D3B453DFF870EC8FCF8FDD0FC7B" ID-CoL="35N9S" box="[151,588,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darwini" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Selenocopris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453DFF870EC8FCF8FDD0FC7B" bold="true" box="[151,588,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="6">Dichotomius (Selenocopris) darwini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F57D1453DFF870C0DFCF7FD7EFC78" box="[594,738,872,898]" pageId="6" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736B8453DFF870EC8FC15FF77FC59" blockId="6.[151,738,871,931]" box="[151,235,906,931]" pageId="6">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A3D453DFF870EC0FC15FF7FFC59" box="[159,227,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1405,1427]" captionTargetBox="[273,1321,386,1375]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[264,1323,373,1384]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paratypes of Dichotomius (Selenocopris) darwini n. sp.: (A) male dorsal habitus; (B) female dorsal habitus; (C) dorsal view of male paramera; (D) lateral view of male paramera; (E) detail of male cephalic carina with striation; (F) detail of the anterior pronotal excavation with ocellate punctures. Scale bar = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272003/files/figure.png" pageId="6">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3726533453DFF870EC8FC4DFB68FB81" pageId="6" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736B8453DFF870EC8FC4DFB68FB81" blockId="6.[151,1437,978,2011]" pageId="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453DFF870EC8FC4DFE7DFC11" bold="true" box="[151,481,978,1003]" pageId="6">
|
||
Material studied.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D3881A453DFF870F34FC4DFE40FC11" box="[363,476,978,1003]" pageId="6" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Ƌ
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37F7628453DFF870C5CFC4CFDF7FC11" box="[515,619,979,1003]" name="Brazil" pageId="6">BRASIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453DFF870C2AFC4DFD5FFC11" bold="true" box="[629,707,978,1003]" pageId="6">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF85A453DFF870C2AFC4DFD22FC11" box="[629,702,978,1003]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="6">Goiás</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Mineiros. Parque Nacional das Emas.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C507F453DFF870A2AFC4DFB61FC11" box="[1141,1277,978,1003]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" precision="15" value="-18.014166">18°00’51”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C507F453DFF870B57FC4DFA04FC11" box="[1288,1432,978,1003]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" precision="15" value="-52.97139">52°58’17”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. 870mosl.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37F7628453DFF870F57FC68FEB1FBF4" box="[264,301,1015,1038]" name="China" pageId="6">Prc</collectingCountry>
|
||
54.
|
||
<date id="FFD61078453DFF870F3CFC68FE5FFBF5" box="[355,451,1015,1039]" pageId="6" value="2011-03">III-2011</date>
|
||
. HumFaec. MFSouza /
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D3B453DFF870C8AFC69FC59FBF4" box="[725,965,1014,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darwini" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453DFF870C8AFC69FC59FBF4" box="[725,965,1014,1038]" italics="true" pageId="6">Dichotomius darwini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F57D1453DFF870D91FC68FB97FBF4" box="[974,1035,1015,1038]" pageId="6" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D3881A453DFF870A42FC69FB1FFBF5" box="[1053,1155,1014,1039]" pageId="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. RVNunes & FZVaz-de- Mello [
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED79AE7D453DFF870EB6FB84FEDCFBC9" box="[233,320,1051,1075]" pageId="6">CEMT</collectionCode>
|
||
].
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453DFF870F0DFB85FE4FFBC9" bold="true" box="[338,467,1050,1075]" pageId="6">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D3881A453DFF870F0DFB85FE52FBC9" box="[338,462,1050,1075]" pageId="6" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
same as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D3881A453DFF870C62FB85FD03FBC9" box="[573,671,1050,1075]" pageId="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
[
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD31453DFF870CEFFB84FD40FBC8" box="[688,732,1051,1075]" pageId="6" type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED79AE7D453DFF870CB3FB84FCDCFBC9" box="[748,832,1051,1075]" pageId="6">CEMT</collectionCode>
|
||
]; same but
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C507F453DFF870D9EFB85FBD5FBC9" box="[961,1097,1050,1075]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" precision="15" value="-17.929722">17°55’47”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C507F453DFF870A09FB85FB7AFBC9" box="[1110,1254,1050,1075]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" precision="15" value="-52.96361">52°57’49”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. 838mosl.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37F7628453DFF870B3DFB84FA17FBC8" box="[1378,1419,1051,1074]" name="China" pageId="6">Prc</collectingCountry>
|
||
7. [
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD31453DFF870EFEFBA0FF4EFBAC" box="[161,210,1087,1111]" pageId="6" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED79AE7D453DFF870EB7FBA0FEA0FBAD" box="[232,316,1087,1111]" pageId="6">CEMT</collectionCode>
|
||
]; same but
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C507F453DFF870F8EFBA1FDC4FBAD" box="[465,600,1086,1111]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" precision="15" value="-17.99611">17°59’46”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C507F453DFF870C32FBA1FD60FBAD" box="[621,764,1086,1111]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" precision="15" value="-52.93639">52°56’11”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. 852mosl.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37F7628453DFF870DDAFBA0FC30FBAD" box="[901,940,1087,1111]" name="China" pageId="6">Prc</collectingCountry>
|
||
37 [1 Ƌ,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED79AE7D453DFF870A79FBA0FBE6FBAD" box="[1062,1146,1087,1111]" pageId="6">CEMT</collectionCode>
|
||
]; same but
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C507F453DFF870B4FFBA0FA0BFBAD" box="[1296,1431,1087,1111]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" precision="15" value="-18.061943">18°03’43”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE5C507F453DFF870EC8FBFDFEBBFB81" box="[151,295,1122,1147]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" precision="15" value="-52.943058">52°56’35”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. 860mosl.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37F7628453DFF870FFFFBFCFE5AFB81" box="[416,454,1123,1147]" name="China" pageId="6">Prc</collectingCountry>
|
||
32 [1 Ƌ,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED79AE7D453DFF870C75FBFCFDE2FB81" box="[554,638,1123,1147]" pageId="6">CEMT</collectionCode>
|
||
]; same locality but 1999. G.Machado [3 Ƌ,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6EFD31453DFF870A3BFBFCFB14FB81" box="[1124,1160,1123,1147]" pageId="6" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED79AE7D453DFF870ACAFBFCFB75FB81" box="[1173,1257,1123,1147]" pageId="6">CEMT</collectionCode>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3726533453DFF870E98FB19FC71FB39" pageId="6" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736B8453DFF870E98FB19FC71FB39" blockId="6.[151,1437,978,2011]" pageId="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453DFF870E98FB19FEDDFB65" bold="true" box="[199,321,1158,1183]" pageId="6">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
In the group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D3B453DFF870F80FB18FDC4FB64" box="[479,600,1158,1182]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darwini" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453DFF870F80FB18FDC4FB64" box="[479,600,1158,1182]" italics="true" pageId="6">D. darwini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453DFF870C3FFB19FD02FB65" bold="true" box="[608,670,1158,1183]" pageId="6">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F57D1453DFF870C3FFB19FD02FB65" box="[608,670,1158,1183]" pageId="6" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is one of the five recognized brachypterous species and is separated from them by the wrinkling/striation on the cephalic carina (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A3D453DFF870D64FB35FC14FB39" box="[827,904,1194,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1405,1427]" captionTargetBox="[273,1321,386,1375]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[264,1323,373,1384]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paratypes of Dichotomius (Selenocopris) darwini n. sp.: (A) male dorsal habitus; (B) female dorsal habitus; (C) dorsal view of male paramera; (D) lateral view of male paramera; (E) detail of male cephalic carina with striation; (F) detail of the anterior pronotal excavation with ocellate punctures. Scale bar = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272003/files/figure.png" pageId="6">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B, E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3726533453DFF860E98FB51FE74F8F7" lastPageId="7" pageId="6" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736B8453DFF860E98FB51FA81FEBA" blockId="6.[151,1437,978,2011]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="7" pageId="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453DFF870E98FB51FE17FB1D" bold="true" box="[199,395,1230,1255]" pageId="6">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D3881A453DFF870E98FB51FEAAFB1D" box="[199,310,1230,1255]" pageId="6" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. male:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
length:
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B5D453DFF870FADFB51FDC3FB1C" box="[498,607,1230,1255]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="6" unit="mm" value="19.5">19.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Maximum width (pronotum):
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B5D453DFF870D8DFB51FBA3FB1C" box="[978,1087,1230,1255]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="6" unit="mm" value="12.5">12.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Black, shinny.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453DFF870B5EFB51FAD7FB1D" bold="true" box="[1281,1355,1230,1255]" pageId="6">Head:</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal surface wrinkled/striated. Clypeogenal junction obtuse. Margin of clypeal teeth bearing a single row of short scattered setae. Ventral clypeal process feebly bifurcated (? possibly broken). Cephalic carina striated, as tall as wide, slightly emarginated apically and lacking tubercles at apex. Clypeo-genal suture distinct. Antennal club with light red tumescence.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453DFF870FD2FAC1FD8CFA8D" bold="true" box="[397,528,1374,1399]" pageId="6">Pronotum:</emphasis>
|
||
wider than long and wider than elytra. Anterior excavation bearing dense coarse ocellate punctures spaced by twice their diameter. Ocellate punctures present along the pronotal margins being interrupted near the anterior angles. Pronotal disc delimited from the anterior declivity by a slight curved lobe. Anterior angles acute.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453DFF870FC0FA55FDA4FA19" bold="true" box="[415,568,1482,1507]" pageId="6">Hypomeron:</emphasis>
|
||
anterior portion with a lateral band of ocellate setose punctures. Posterior portion almost glabrous with few sparse ocellate setose punctures.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453DFF870DC4FA71FBA8F9FD" bold="true" box="[923,1076,1518,1543]" pageId="6">Prosternum:</emphasis>
|
||
with ocellate setose punctures: setae do not reach one quarter the length of hypomeron setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453DFF870D2EF98DFB82F9D1" bold="true" box="[881,1054,1554,1579]" pageId="6">Mesosternum:</emphasis>
|
||
strongly narrowed, glabrous and chagrinated medially.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453DFF870FD2F9A9FDCCF9B5" bold="true" box="[397,592,1590,1615]" pageId="6">Mesepisternum:</emphasis>
|
||
bearing ocellate setose punctures. Posterior portion of upper margin ending in an acute angle and reaching pseudoepipleuron (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A3D453DFF870C90F9C5FC86F989" box="[719,794,1626,1651]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[255,1318,202,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[249,1332,187,1718]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Ventral habitus of a female of Dichotomius (Selenocopris) periotoi n. sp. The white arrow at the head indicates the position of the ventral clypeal process and the white at the abdomen indicates the modification at the medial portion of the 6 th sternite; (B) lateral view of the same specimen. The white arrow indicating the position of the mesepisternum.; (C) detail of the mesepisternum of the same specimen. The white arrow indicates the posterior portion of the upper margin of the mesepisternum ending in an acute angle, which is typical of Selenocopris; (D) elytral striae and interstriae of D. (S.) fissus (Gillet); (E) elytral striae and interstriae of D. (S.) fissiceps (Felsche) (quadraticeps group); (F) head and clypeal teeth of D. (S.) bicuspis (Germar); (G) head and clypeal teeth of D. (S.) fissiceps (quadraticeps group); (H) 6 th abdominal sternite of the female of D. (S.) spadiceus (Luederwaldt); (I) 6 th abdominal sternite of the female of D. (S.) punctulatipennis (Luederwaldt) (bicuspis group); (J) 6 th abdominal sternite of the male of D. (S.) ascanius (Harold); (K) 6 th abdominal sternite of the female of D. (S.) ascanius (Luederwaldt); (L) 6 th abdominal sternite of the female of D. (S.) quadraticeps (Felsche)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272000/files/figure.png" pageId="6">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B–C).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453DFF870D36F9C5FB88F989" bold="true" box="[873,1044,1626,1651]" pageId="6">Metasternum:</emphasis>
|
||
mesometasternal suture indistinct. Anterior lobe strong narrowed medially. Ocellate setose puncture present along the anterior margin of the lobe. Long and sparse setae present along the margins of the anterior lobe. Mestasternal disc bearing a longitudinal sulcus that ends in a feeble posterior concavity. Fine puncture present around this posterior concavity, near the region between the coxae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453DFF870F99F975FD87F8F9" bold="true" box="[454,539,1770,1795]" pageId="6">Elytra:</emphasis>
|
||
interstriae shinny. Lacking humeral callus. Striae punctures separated by twice their diameter. Elytral interstriae convex.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453DFF870C30F891FC9EF8DD" bold="true" box="[623,770,1806,1831]" pageId="6">Hind wings:</emphasis>
|
||
length:
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B5D453DFF870D3EF890FC37F8DD" box="[865,939,1807,1831]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="6" unit="mm" value="11.0">11mm</quantity>
|
||
. Having folding articulation. Basal sclerites glabrous. Subcostal vein intersecting costal axis at its basal quarter. Medial vein extending toward the folding articulation. Distinct setae present on the basal third of costal axis and on folding region. Part of the cubital vein present, anal vein absent. Small developed membranous portion apical to folding articulation with incomplete or weakly-marked venation.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453DFF870FE5F801FE67F84D" bold="true" box="[442,507,1950,1975]" pageId="6">Legs:</emphasis>
|
||
anterior tibial spur strongly bent downward at the apical third. Anterior tibiae with three well defined teeth and a fourth basal one, feebly indicated by a sinuosity. Ventral surface of anterior femur smooth, glabrous. Length of 5th hind tarsomere twice the length of the 4th hind tarsomere.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453CFF860AFCFF08FABDFF4A" bold="true" box="[1187,1313,151,176]" pageId="7">Abdomen:</emphasis>
|
||
sternites 1 to 6 glabrous and having ocellate punctures along the upper margin.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453CFF860DC8FF23FB88FF2F" bold="true" box="[919,1044,188,213]" pageId="7">Pygidium:</emphasis>
|
||
wider than long. Shinny, glabrous, lacking distinct punctures.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453CFF860F8AFF40FDF0FF02" bold="true" box="[469,620,223,248]" pageId="7">Paramera: (</emphasis>
|
||
as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A3D453CFF860CECFF40FD62FF02" box="[691,766,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1405,1427]" captionTargetBox="[273,1321,386,1375]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[264,1323,373,1384]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Paratypes of Dichotomius (Selenocopris) darwini n. sp.: (A) male dorsal habitus; (B) female dorsal habitus; (C) dorsal view of male paramera; (D) lateral view of male paramera; (E) detail of male cephalic carina with striation; (F) detail of the anterior pronotal excavation with ocellate punctures. Scale bar = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272003/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C–D) having rounded/circular excavations near the basis (dorsal view) and longitduinal excavation toward the apex (lateral and dorsal view). Apex divergent, curved outward (dorsal view). Beggining of longidutinal excavation delimited by an acute angle (lateral view).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF176630453CFF860EC8FAE2FC17FA2B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272003/files/figure.png" pageId="7" targetBox="[273,1321,386,1375]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736B8453CFF860EC8FAE2FC17FA2B" blockId="7.[151,1436,1405,1489]" pageId="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453CFF860EC8FAE2FE88FA69" bold="true" box="[151,276,1405,1427]" pageId="7">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Paratypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D3B453CFF860FFDFAE2FC89FA69" box="[418,789,1405,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darwini" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Selenocopris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453CFF860FFDFAE2FC89FA69" box="[418,789,1405,1427]" italics="true" pageId="7">Dichotomius (Selenocopris) darwini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453CFF860D43FAE1FCCBFA69" bold="true" box="[796,855,1406,1427]" pageId="7">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22F57D1453CFF860D43FAE1FCCBFA69" box="[796,855,1406,1427]" pageId="7" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453CFF860D3AFAE2FC15FA6E" bold="true" box="[869,905,1405,1428]" pageId="7">(A)</emphasis>
|
||
male dorsal habitus;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453CFF860A39FAE2FB14FA6E" bold="true" box="[1126,1160,1405,1428]" pageId="7">(B)</emphasis>
|
||
female dorsal habitus;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453CFF860B26FAE2FA00FA6E" bold="true" box="[1401,1436,1405,1428]" pageId="7">(C)</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view of male paramera;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453CFF860F8EFA03FE68FA49" bold="true" box="[465,500,1436,1459]" pageId="7">(D)</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view of male paramera;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453CFF860D69FA03FCC4FA49" bold="true" box="[822,856,1436,1459]" pageId="7">(E)</emphasis>
|
||
detail of male cephalic carina with striation;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453CFF860B7DFA03FADEFA49" bold="true" box="[1314,1346,1436,1459]" pageId="7">(F)</emphasis>
|
||
detail of the anterior pronotal excavation with ocellate punctures. Scale bar = 5mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736B8453CFF860E98FA67FE74F8F7" blockId="7.[151,1437,1528,2021]" pageId="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453CFF860E98FA67FE6BF9EB" bold="true" box="[199,503,1528,1553]" pageId="7">Morphological variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Length varies from
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B5D453CFF860CB1FA67FC0AF9EA" box="[750,918,1528,1553]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="1.95" metricValueMin="1.85" pageId="7" unit="mm" value="19.0" valueMax="19.5" valueMin="18.5">18.5–19.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
on males and from
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B5D453CFF860AD2FA66FA97F9EA" box="[1165,1291,1529,1553]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="7" unit="mm" value="19.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="18.0">18–21 mm</quantity>
|
||
on females. Pronotum width varies from 12.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B5D453CFF860C7FF983FD18F9CE" box="[544,644,1564,1589]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="7" unit="mm" value="12.5">12.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
on males and from
|
||
<quantity id="4C909B5D453CFF860D35F983FC65F9CE" box="[874,1017,1564,1589]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.175" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.15" pageId="7" unit="mm" value="11.75" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="11.5">11.5–12 mm</quantity>
|
||
on females. Both males and females have variations in following characters:
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453CFF860C3FF9DFFD35F9A3" bold="true" box="[608,681,1600,1625]" pageId="7">Head:</emphasis>
|
||
height of the clypeo frontal carina varies among the individuals – generally it is direct proportional to the body size.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453CFF860C93F9FBFCD2F987" bold="true" box="[716,846,1636,1661]" pageId="7">Pronotum:</emphasis>
|
||
anterior declivity may vary in size. In most females, the anterior declivity as well the punctures are less conspicuous.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453CFF860D38F917FC21F95B" bold="true" box="[871,957,1672,1697]" pageId="7">Elytra:</emphasis>
|
||
both males and females have variations on the shining of the elytra basis, which may have brown reflections.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453CFF860D92F933FBD7F93F" bold="true" box="[973,1099,1708,1733]" pageId="7">Abdomen:</emphasis>
|
||
Only on females, the sixth abdominal segment has a pair of central tubercles and that is typical within the brachypterous species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D3B453CFF860EC8F96AFEB5F8F7" box="[151,297,1781,1805]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadraticeps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453CFF860EC8F96AFEB5F8F7" box="[151,297,1781,1805]" italics="true" pageId="7">quadraticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A3D453CFF860FDEF96BFE5CF8F7" box="[385,448,1780,1805]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[255,1318,202,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[249,1332,187,1718]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Ventral habitus of a female of Dichotomius (Selenocopris) periotoi n. sp. The white arrow at the head indicates the position of the ventral clypeal process and the white at the abdomen indicates the modification at the medial portion of the 6 th sternite; (B) lateral view of the same specimen. The white arrow indicating the position of the mesepisternum.; (C) detail of the mesepisternum of the same specimen. The white arrow indicates the posterior portion of the upper margin of the mesepisternum ending in an acute angle, which is typical of Selenocopris; (D) elytral striae and interstriae of D. (S.) fissus (Gillet); (E) elytral striae and interstriae of D. (S.) fissiceps (Felsche) (quadraticeps group); (F) head and clypeal teeth of D. (S.) bicuspis (Germar); (G) head and clypeal teeth of D. (S.) fissiceps (quadraticeps group); (H) 6 th abdominal sternite of the female of D. (S.) spadiceus (Luederwaldt); (I) 6 th abdominal sternite of the female of D. (S.) punctulatipennis (Luederwaldt) (bicuspis group); (J) 6 th abdominal sternite of the male of D. (S.) ascanius (Harold); (K) 6 th abdominal sternite of the female of D. (S.) ascanius (Luederwaldt); (L) 6 th abdominal sternite of the female of D. (S.) quadraticeps (Felsche)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272000/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3726533453CFF860E98F887FAE5F8AF" pageId="7" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736B8453CFF860E98F887FAE5F8AF" blockId="7.[151,1437,1528,2021]" pageId="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453CFF860E98F887FEFCF8CB" bold="true" box="[199,352,1816,1841]" pageId="7">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known from the municipality of Mineiros, south of the state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF85A453CFF860A2CF887FB2BF8CB" box="[1139,1207,1816,1841]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="7">Goiás</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37F7628453CFF860A98F887FA93F8CB" box="[1223,1295,1816,1841]" name="Brazil" pageId="7">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. All known specimens were collected at the Parque Nacional das Emas, a major conservation unit at
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ACF85A453CFF860A25F8A3FB50F8AF" box="[1146,1228,1852,1877]" country="Paraguay" name="Central" pageId="7">Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37F7628453CFF860A8CF8A3FA8BF8AF" box="[1235,1303,1852,1877]" name="Brazil" pageId="7">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13532A3D453CFF860B78F8A3FAF7F8AF" box="[1319,1387,1852,1877]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1913,1935]" captionTargetBox="[235,1353,676,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[222,1365,661,1892]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Distribution of the brachypterous species of Selenocopris." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272007/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3726533453CFF860E98F8FFFACDF83B" pageId="7" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736B8453CFF860E98F8FFFACDF83B" blockId="7.[151,1437,1528,2021]" pageId="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453CFF860E98F8FFFED2F883" bold="true" box="[199,334,1888,1913]" pageId="7">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named after Charles Darwin (
|
||
<date id="FFD61078453CFF860CF5F8FEFCA0F883" box="[682,828,1889,1913]" pageId="7" value="1809" valueMax="1882">1809 – 1882</date>
|
||
), in part because of his admiration and enthusiasm on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D3B453CFF860EC8F81BFEB7F867" box="[151,299,1924,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scarabaeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
beetles and in part because this species is a good example of atrophy or disuse, a theme that that he discussed on the Chapter V of his Origin, listing several examples of brachypterous animals (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF94B49453CFF860AF4F837FAD8F83B" author="Darwin" box="[1195,1348,1960,1985]" pageId="7" refString="Darwin, C. (1859) On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life. John Murray, London, 502 pp." type="book" year="1859">Darwin 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3726533453CFF890E98F853FD55FEE7" lastPageId="8" pageId="7" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD736B8453CFF890E98F853FD55FEE7" blockId="7.[151,1437,1528,2021]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="8" pageId="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA453CFF860E98F853FEA7F81F" bold="true" box="[199,315,1996,2021]" pageId="7">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Due to the males pronotal and paramera conformation, it is close to the other brachypterous species in the group and to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D3B4533FF890F2BFF06FDF9FF4A" authority="Felsche" authorityName="Felsche" box="[372,613,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fissiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA4533FF890F2BFF06FE69FF4A" box="[372,501,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="8">D. fissiceps</emphasis>
|
||
(Felsche)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a macropterous species occuring in gallery forests near the locality-type.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C684D3B4533FF890EC8FF22FE8AFF2E" box="[151,278,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darwini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91CEAAA4533FF890EC8FF22FE8AFF2E" box="[151,278,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="8">D. darwini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits open habitat formation (a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D3881A4533FF890C9DFF22FD6EFF2F" box="[706,754,189,213]" pageId="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of Cerrado grassland formation called campo-sujo). It is attracted by human feces and two individuals were seen activity during the hottest hour of the day (between 11:00 and 13:00 (M.F. Souza, personal communication).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |