388 lines
34 KiB
XML
388 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.921.46921" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c684b64e-23e0-43ff-84a0-95d475f46bc9" ID-PMC="PMC7109158" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-921-23" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FE6559E6A67652CFB3D7DDBB5881D138" ID-PubMed="32256149" ID-ZooBank="46616BEC66C8480DB61BD8BBF079E4AB" ModsDocID="1313-2970-921-23" checkinTime="1585103451735" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Messer, Steven J., Cover, Stefan P. & Rabeling, Christian" docDate="2020" docId="BDB7DA3F262759FEB9095D38364078BC" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 921: 23-48" docOrigin="ZooKeys 921" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.921.46921" docTitle="Nylanderia parasitica Messer & Cover & Rabeling 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="DA163361-99CB-47AC-915B-5319A8298A7C" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="FE6559E6A67652CFB3D7DDBB5881D138" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="FE6559E6A67652CFB3D7DDBB5881D138" masterDocTitle="Two new species of socially parasitic Nylanderia ants from the southeastern United States" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1668168633436" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>Two new species of socially parasitic Nylanderia ants from the southeastern United States</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Messer, Steven J.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Cover, Stefan P.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Rabeling, Christian</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part>
|
|
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number>921</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start>23</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end>48</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location>
|
|
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.921.46921</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.921.46921</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-921-23</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">46616BEC66C8480DB61BD8BBF079E4AB</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FE6559E6A67652CFB3D7DDBB5881D138</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="163288346" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DA163361-99CB-47AC-915B-5319A8298A7C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BDB7DA3F262759FEB9095D38364078BC" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID="BDB7DA3F-2627-59FE-B909-5D38364078BC" authority="Messer & Cover & Rabeling, 2020" authorityName="Messer & Cover & Rabeling" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Nylanderia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nylanderia parasitica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasitica" status="sp. nov.">Nylanderia parasitica</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="23">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Gynes of the social parasite Nylanderia parasitica (A, C, E) and its host Nylanderia faisonensis (B, D, F) in full-face (A, B), lateral (C, D), and dorsal (E, F) views. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, B), 0.5 mm (C-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.921.46921.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/392435" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Figures 4A, C, E</figureCitation>
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315368023" author="Deyrup, M" journalOrPublisher="Le bulletin d'Arthropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" refId="B14" refString="Deyrup, M, 2016. Ants of Florida: Identification and Natural History. CRC Press, Boca Raton. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315368023" title="Ants of Florida: Identification and Natural History. CRC Press, Boca Raton." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315368023" year="2016">(queen), 5A, C, E (male); see Plate 89 in Deyrup (2016): p. 349.</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Holotype</emphasis>
|
|
: USA • alate queen; Florida, Hamilton Co., 2 miles east of Jasper, Route 6, pine-oak hammock near Snake Pond;
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="30.533" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="30.533">30.533N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="82.883" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-82.883">82.883W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, elevation above sea level: 41 m; 03-July-1994; M. and S. Deyrup leg.; MCZ-ENT00716663. Deposited at MCZC.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Paratypes</emphasis>
|
|
: USA • 7 males; same data as for holotype; MCZ-ENT00716664-666, MCZ-ENT00716668, MCZ-ENT00716670-672 • 1 alate queen, 1 male (on same pin); same data as for holotype; MCZ-ENT00716673 • 1 alate queen, 1 male (on same pin); same data as for holotype; MCZ-ENT00716674 • 1 alate queen, 1 male (on same pin); same data as for holotype; MCZ-ENT00716675. MCZ-ENT00716664-666, MCZ-ENT00716668, MCZ-ENT00716673 deposited at MCZC; MCZ-ENT00716670-672, MCZ-ENT00716674-675 deposited at SIBR.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">USA • 1 alate queen; Florida, Alachua Co., Gainesville, Rock Creek; 9-17-IX-1983; S. Gupta leg.; MCZ-ENT00716676 • 1 alate queen; same data as previous; but V-1984; MCZ-ENT00716677. MCZ-ENT00716676 deposited at MCZC; MCZ-ENT00716677 deposited at SIBR.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
|
USA • 1 alate queen; Georgia, Jones Co., Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge;
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="33.05" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="33.05">33.05N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="83.7167" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-83.7167">83.7167W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
; 19-26-VII-1994; J. Pickering leg.; MCZ-ENT00716662. Deposited at MCZC.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.921.46921.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/392435" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
|
Gynes of the social parasite
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Messer & Cover & Rabeling" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Nylanderia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nylanderia parasitica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasitica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Nylanderia parasitica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">A, C, E</emphasis>
|
|
) and its host
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Nylanderia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nylanderia faisonensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="faisonensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Nylanderia faisonensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">B, D, F</emphasis>
|
|
) in full-face (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">A, B</emphasis>
|
|
), lateral (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">C, D</emphasis>
|
|
), and dorsal (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">E, F</emphasis>
|
|
) views. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">A, B</emphasis>
|
|
), 0.5 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">C-F</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.921.46921.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/392436" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
|
Males of the social parasite
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Messer & Cover & Rabeling" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Nylanderia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nylanderia parasitica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasitica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Nylanderia parasitica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">A, C, E</emphasis>
|
|
) and its host
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Nylanderia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nylanderia faisonensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="faisonensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Nylanderia faisonensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">B, D, F</emphasis>
|
|
) in full-face (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">A, B</emphasis>
|
|
), lateral (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">C, D</emphasis>
|
|
), and dorsal (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">E, F</emphasis>
|
|
) views. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">A, B</emphasis>
|
|
), 0.5 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">C-F</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
|
The queen of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. parasitica" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="parasitica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">N. parasitica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
differs from the queen of its host,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. faisonensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="faisonensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">N. faisonensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, by its lightened coloration and smaller size (WL:
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. parasitica" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="parasitica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">N. parasitica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
= 0.77-0.83 vs.
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. faisonensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="faisonensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">N. faisonensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
= 1.00-1.35; Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Boxplots comparing body sizes (Weber's Length) of social parasite queens (red) to the queens (light blue) and workers (dark blue) of their respective host species. Letters above the boxes indicate significantly different groups (Pairwise Mann-Whitney Test with Bonferroni correction, P <0.05)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.921.46921.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/392437" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">6</figureCitation>
|
|
). Macrosetae counts across the entire body of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. parasitica" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="parasitica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">N. parasitica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
vs.
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. faisonensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="faisonensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">N. faisonensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are higher: MMC (16-23 vs. 4-14), MtMC (6-9 vs. 1-3), and PMC (7-11 vs. 4-6); and macrosetae densely cover the whole gaster. Scape macrosetae are absent. The eyes also extend beyond the lateral margins of the head. Reduced CI (86-91 vs. 91-102), reduced REL (24-26 vs. 30-33), SI increased (113-119 vs. 102-112). Mandibular dentition reduced to an apical tooth and maximally two minute denticles as opposed to six mandibular teeth. Males are distinctly bicolored with a darker head and gaster, and the mesonotum is reduced and does not protrude beyond the pronotum. The pronotum possesses one or two macrosetae, which are absent in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. faisonensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="faisonensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">N. faisonensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The antennae also have a reduced number of segments, possessing 12 as opposed to 13. CI increased (95-97 vs. 87-94) and reduced REL (26-29 vs. 34-36).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.921.46921.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/392437" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
|
Boxplots comparing body sizes (Weber's Length) of social parasite queens (red) to the queens (light blue) and workers (dark blue) of their respective host species. Letters above the boxes indicate significantly different groups (Pairwise Mann-Whitney Test with Bonferroni correction, P <0.05).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Messer & Cover & Rabeling" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Nylanderia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nylanderia parasitica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasitica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Nylanderia parasitica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
queens differ from those of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. deceptrix" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="deceptrix">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">N. deceptrix</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by: (i) possessing dense, pale macrosetae across the entire body, (ii) exhibiting a uniform body coloration, and (iii) an overall smaller size (WL:
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. parasitica" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="parasitica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">N. parasitica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
= 0.77-0.83 vs.
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. deceptrix" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="deceptrix">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">N. deceptrix</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
= 0.99-1.07; Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Boxplot comparing body sizes (Weber's Length) of social parasite queens to each other. Letters above the boxes indicate significantly different groups (Pairwise Mann-Whitney Test with Bonferroni correction, P <0.05)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.921.46921.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/392438" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">7</figureCitation>
|
|
), (iv) the absence of macrosetae from the antennal scape, (v) reduced profemur size (FI 18-20 vs. 21-24), (vi) smaller relative eye size (REL 24-26 vs. 33-37), and (vii) shorter relative antennal scape length (SI 113-119 vs. 121-130). Mandibular dentition is reduced to an apical tooth and maximally two minute denticles vs. four or five mandibular teeth in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. deceptrix" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="deceptrix">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">N. deceptrix</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. In contrast to
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. deceptrix" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="deceptrix">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">N. deceptrix</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, males of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. parasitica" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="parasitica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">N. parasitica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have (i) fully developed wings, (ii) pale macrosetae across the body, (iii) 1-2 pronotal macrosetae, (iv) a higher number of macrosetae on the metanotum (3-5 vs. 1-2), (v) macrosetae present on the gaster, (vi) a reduced FI (18-20 vs. 22-25), (vii) a reduced REL (26-29 vs. 34-36), (viii) a reduced SI (113-119 vs. 125-127), and (ix) 12-segmented antennae.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.921.46921.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/392438" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
|
Boxplot comparing body sizes (Weber's Length) of social parasite queens to each other. Letters above the boxes indicate significantly different groups (Pairwise Mann-Whitney Test with Bonferroni correction, P <0.05).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Description, holotype gyne.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Measurements</emphasis>
|
|
: TL 2.54, HW 0.53, HL 0.59, EL 0.15, SL 0.60, MW 0.49, PW 0.56, WL 0.79, GL 1.16, PDH 0.31, PFL 0.67, PFW 0.14, SMC 0, PMC 9, MMC 16, MtMC 6.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Indices</emphasis>
|
|
: CI 90, REL 26, SI 114, FI 20.
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Messer & Cover & Rabeling" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Nylanderia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nylanderia parasitica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasitica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Nylanderia parasitica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is unique in the context of the Nearctic
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Nylanderia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nylanderia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Nylanderia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
fauna because the queens are the smallest known to date (TL 2.54).
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Head</emphasis>
|
|
: slightly longer than wide (CI 90), broadening posteriorly, eyes protruding beyond lateral margins of head, three ocelli present. Maxillary and labial palp formula 6:4, mandibular dentition reduced to apical tooth and one small denticle. Antennae 12-segmented, scapes long (SI 114), exceeding posterior margin of head by length of first three funicular segments, covered in pubescence but lacking macrosetae.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
|
: fully alate, pronotum bearing nine macrosetae, mesonotum bearing 16 macrosetae, metanotum bearing six macrosetae, mid and hind legs lacking macrosetae. Forewings showing no significant differences in venation from host, slight reduction in venation in hindwings.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
|
: lateral margins of petiole with pubescence and three macrosetae, gaster uniformly covered in dense pubescence and macrosetae. Body uniform yellow-brown in color with legs, antennae, and mandibles lighter yellow. All body regions densely covered in pale pubescence and macrosetae.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Measurements, paratype gynes</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">N</emphasis>
|
|
= 6): TL 2.27-2.54, HW 0.52-0.56, HL 0.58-0.61, EL 0.15, SL 0.60-0.63, MW 0.44-0.49, PW 0.49-0.57, WL 0.77-0.83, GL 0.89-1.16, PDH 0.30-0.32, PFL 0.60-0.67, PFW 0.11-0.14, SMC 0, PMC 7-11, MMC 16-23, MtMC 6-9.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Indices</emphasis>
|
|
: CI 86-91, REL 24-26, SI 113-119, FI 18-20.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Description, paratype males.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Measurements</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">N</emphasis>
|
|
= 10): TL 1.70-2.10, HW 0.44-0.47, HL 0.46-0.49, EL 0.12-0.14, SL 0.51-0.54, MW 0.30-0.31, PW 0.36-0.38, WL 0.59-0.64, GL 0.62-0.99, PDH 0.22-0.25, PFL 0.52-0.56, PFW 0.10-0.11, PL 0.15-0.19, SMC 0, PMC 1-2, MMC 10-13, MtMC 3-5.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Indices</emphasis>
|
|
: CI 95-97, REL 26-29, SI 113-119, FI 18-20. Body bicolored, pale yellow mesosoma with yellow-brown legs, head and gaster, head slightly darker than gaster, antennae and mandibles yellow.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Head</emphasis>
|
|
: covered in pubescence and macrosetae, less dense than in female, slightly longer than wide (CI 95-97), eyes protruding beyond lateral margins of head, three ocelli present; maxillary and labial palp formula 6:4, mandibular dentition reduced to apical tooth only; antennal scapes long (SI 113-119), exceeding the posterior margin of head by length of funicular segments I-III, covered in pubescence, lacking erect macrosetae, antennae 12-segmented, reduced from typical 13-segmented in ants.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
|
: dorsum covered in pubescence and macrosetae, largely absent on lateral portions of mesosoma, macrosetae matching body coloration, pronotum bearing one or two macrosetae, mesonotum bearing 10-13 macrosetae, metanotum bearing 3-5 macrosetae curving towards the midline of body; fully alate, wings resemble host with no significant differences.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
|
: petiole triangular with longer posterior face, 1-3 macrosetae present; gaster covered in pubescence and macrosetae, with macrosetae clustering on first gastral tergite and posterior margins of tergites and sternites.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
|
: parameres narrowly triangular, straight and densely covered in macrosetae, digiti narrow and tubular, cuspi broad anteriorly and narrow laterally at posterior end.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Messer & Cover & Rabeling" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Nylanderia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nylanderia parasitica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parasitica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Nylanderia parasitica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
inhabits the nests of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. faisonensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="faisonensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">N. faisonensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, exhibits morphological characteristics of the inquiline syndrome, and potentially lacks a worker caste. Hence, the species epithet is indicative of the socially parasitic life history of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. parasitica" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="parasitica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">N. parasitica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Distribution and natural history.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
|
Information on the natural history and biogeography of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. parasitica" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="parasitica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">N. parasitica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is extremely limited. In previous publications,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. parasitica" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="parasitica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">N. parasitica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was referred to as undescribed socially parasitic
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Nylanderia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nylanderia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Nylanderia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species (
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="N." lsidName="N." pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">N.</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. 1) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3508.1.1" author="Kallal, RJ" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 64" refId="B20" refString="Kallal, RJ, LaPolla, JS, 2012. Monograph of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the World, Part II: Nylanderia in the Nearctic. Zootaxa 3508: 1 - 64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3508.1.1" title="Monograph of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the World, Part II: Nylanderia in the Nearctic." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3508.1.1" volume="3508" year="2012">Kallal and LaPolla 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Nylanderia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nylanderia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Nylanderia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Species B (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315368023" author="Deyrup, M" journalOrPublisher="Le bulletin d'Arthropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" refId="B14" refString="Deyrup, M, 2016. Ants of Florida: Identification and Natural History. CRC Press, Boca Raton. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315368023" title="Ants of Florida: Identification and Natural History. CRC Press, Boca Raton." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315368023" year="2016">Deyrup 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Most individuals of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. parasitica" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="parasitica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">N. parasitica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
were collected from Hamilton County, Florida. Two alate queens were collected from Alachua County, Florida, and a single alate queen was collected from Jones County, Georgia (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Geographic distribution of N. parasitica (black stars) and its host N. faisonensis (red circles). Host distribution data was supplemented with additional information from antmaps. org (Janicki et al. 2016)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.921.46921.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/392442" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">10</figureCitation>
|
|
; see also
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315368023" author="Deyrup, M" journalOrPublisher="Le bulletin d'Arthropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" refId="B14" refString="Deyrup, M, 2016. Ants of Florida: Identification and Natural History. CRC Press, Boca Raton. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315368023" title="Ants of Florida: Identification and Natural History. CRC Press, Boca Raton." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315368023" year="2016">Deyrup 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The type series was collected inside the nest of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. faisonensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="faisonensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">N. faisonensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in a rotten log located in an upland oak-pine hammock and a pond swamp area in Hamilton County (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315368023" author="Deyrup, M" journalOrPublisher="Le bulletin d'Arthropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" refId="B14" refString="Deyrup, M, 2016. Ants of Florida: Identification and Natural History. CRC Press, Boca Raton. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315368023" title="Ants of Florida: Identification and Natural History. CRC Press, Boca Raton." url="https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315368023" year="2016">Deyrup 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Unfortunately, no additional observations were recorded from this mixed colony. The two queens from Alachua County were collected in malaise traps in May and September, suggesting that
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. parasitica" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="parasitica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">N. parasitica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
females disperse on the wing throughout the warm summer months.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
|
The host of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. parasitica" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="parasitica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">N. parasitica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. faisonensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="faisonensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">N. faisonensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, is widely distributed in the southeastern United States (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3508.1.1" author="Kallal, RJ" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 64" refId="B20" refString="Kallal, RJ, LaPolla, JS, 2012. Monograph of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the World, Part II: Nylanderia in the Nearctic. Zootaxa 3508: 1 - 64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3508.1.1" title="Monograph of Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the World, Part II: Nylanderia in the Nearctic." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3508.1.1" volume="3508" year="2012">Kallal and LaPolla 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and is primarily a woodland species living in rotting branches, under rotting tree bark, or in the leaf litter (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Trager, JC" journalOrPublisher="Sociobiology" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 162" refId="B41" refString="Trager, JC, 1984. A revision of the genus Paratrechina (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the continental United States. Sociobiology 9: 1 - 162" title="A revision of the genus Paratrechina (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the continental United States." volume="9" year="1984">Trager 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Nests are often fragmented, and they do not make a soil nest like most other Nearctic
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Nylanderia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nylanderia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Nylanderia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species, with the single queen living deep under the leaf litter, while workers and brood live near the surface (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Trager, JC" journalOrPublisher="Sociobiology" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 162" refId="B41" refString="Trager, JC, 1984. A revision of the genus Paratrechina (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the continental United States. Sociobiology 9: 1 - 162" title="A revision of the genus Paratrechina (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the continental United States." volume="9" year="1984">Trager 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Alates are reared from August to December, followed by an overwintering period typical of Nearctic
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Nylanderia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nylanderia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Nylanderia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Alate individuals disperse from the maternal nests between March and May, while more southern populations start dispersing earlier during those months (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Trager, JC" journalOrPublisher="Sociobiology" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 162" refId="B41" refString="Trager, JC, 1984. A revision of the genus Paratrechina (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the continental United States. Sociobiology 9: 1 - 162" title="A revision of the genus Paratrechina (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the continental United States." volume="9" year="1984">Trager 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). It remains unknown whether
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. parasitica" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="parasitica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">N. parasitica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is tolerant of the
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. faisonensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="faisonensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">N. faisonensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
queen.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="23" type="worker caste">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">Worker caste.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="23">
|
|
Our limited collections of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. parasitica" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="parasitica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">N. parasitica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have not yielded any putative workers for this species. Therefore, like
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. deceptrix" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="deceptrix">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">N. deceptrix</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. parasitica" pageId="0" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="parasitica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="23">N. parasitica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, it is likely that this species is a workerless inquiline.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |