289 lines
41 KiB
XML
289 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document id="1A0FB94517E85D6270A475F2907EB8E8" ID-CLB-Dataset="3152" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5072.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="87c4739e-7fe1-41e7-a25f-aae7e837fb33" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5748862" ID-ZooBank="810459A8-AF47-47A9-B5B6-BE45659B3E7F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1638424210814" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Benayahu, Yehuda, Ekins, Merrick & Mcfadden, Catherine S." docDate="2021" docId="FB5F8935FFD2FFA1FF0CFF6E3F9AD757" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5072.4.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5072 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sympodium gibbaeum Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden 2021, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="337" masterDocId="0766F14DFFDEFFACFF9BFFF93E6FD02C" masterDocTitle="Overview of the genus Sympodium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Xeniidae), with the description of new species, revealing regional endemism" masterLastPageNumber="350" masterPageNumber="324" pageNumber="336" updateTime="1699471700562" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="95B0E243B47A00B8726E0A5186B6DC17">
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<mods:title id="572ABFE1ED1893665919B395B973BF12">Overview of the genus Sympodium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Xeniidae), with the description of new species, revealing regional endemism</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="4119F8B9481AB218568F2A938AB347E0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="CB1A2BF5A098A0532890D99DA7641389">Benayahu, Yehuda</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4CFA866E0D4A5DDB489705BCD1FBD745" type="ORCID">0000-0002-6999-0239</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="302F76255496C38656AE9040D289AD41">School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel yehudab @ tauex. tau. ac. il; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6999 - 0239</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3F591C601A1D01E713B1A8AEACCDCF23" type="email">yehudab@tauex.tau.ac.il</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="8B21C471AD535D96FE54AD2AC184FE99">Ekins, Merrick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="12ACEEB5998E8E0541CD0AB29DF1C08C">Queensland Museum, South Brisbane BC, Queensland 4101, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="86ED817B25EEF4F076C75A11017AA7D5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9F8F995D0A125CE4D117279461884E0C">Mcfadden, Catherine S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1A7DF47CA55AC4AA2DCBE73BFC208CD2">Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="E12D9915DF5F2E5828BDA7FE3F58F70E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="692B608E969D9B6E1A680794A84D2B6F">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6B921CD3828293DEC00827D4F992F23E">2021-12-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="51F10645B5FC7212AC207E2DD08C1405">5072</mods:number>
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<treatment id="FB5F8935FFD2FFA1FF0CFF6E3F9AD757" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748816" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190875737" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5748816" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB5F8935FFD2FFA1FF0CFF6E3F9AD757" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB5F8935FFD2FFA1FF0CFF6E3F9AD757" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="337" pageId="12" pageNumber="336">
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<subSubSection id="3BEC6BA8FFD2FFA0FF0CFF6E3F81D09D" box="[151,494,151,178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="73493823FFD2FFA0FF0CFF6E3F81D09D" blockId="12.[151,494,151,214]" box="[151,494,151,178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="336">
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<heading id="28018F4FFFD2FFA0FF0CFF6E3F81D09D" bold="true" box="[151,494,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="4182E431FFD2FFA0FF0CFF6E3F81D09D" bold="true" box="[151,494,151,178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="336">
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<taxonomicName id="B4F643A0FFD2FFA0FF0CFF6E3FCAD09E" ID-CoL="8TFZK" authority="Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden, 2021" authorityName="Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,421,151,178]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Sympodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gibbaeum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="4182E431FFD2FFA0FF0CFF6E3FCAD09E" bold="true" box="[151,421,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="336">Sympodium gibbaeum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AB1594AFFD2FFA0FE37FF6E3F81D09D" box="[428,494,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3BEC6BA8FFD2FFA0FF0CFF423F20D0F9" box="[151,335,187,214]" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" type="description">
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<paragraph id="73493823FFD2FFA0FF0CFF423F20D0F9" blockId="12.[151,494,151,214]" box="[151,335,187,214]" pageId="12" pageNumber="336">
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<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFD2FFA0FF0CFF423F76D0FA" box="[151,281,187,214]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,240,1766]" captionTargetId="figure-48@7.[151,1436,237,1766]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Live colonies of Sympodium species on the reef. (A) S. arbusculum sp. n.: colonies with clusters of expanded polyps. (B, C) S. caeruleum Ehrenberg, 1834; membrane-like colonies with expanded polyps. (D, E) Patches of Sympodium gibbaeum sp. n. colonies with expanded polyps over the mounds. (F) S. hexagonotus sp. n. holotype colony featuring distinct mounds with expanded polyps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748871/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="336">Figs. 3D, E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFD2FFA0FEBEFF423F5BD0F9" box="[293,308,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[168,1419,599,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-184@12.[166,1420,597,1804]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Sympodium gibbaeum sp. n.: morphology of type material colonies. (A) Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36121) featuring densely packed knob-like mounds with polyps retracted on top of mounds and partially expanded between them. (B) Paratype colonies (SMNHTAU_Co_38227) with expanded and retracted polyps on top of mounds. (C) Paratype (SMNHTAU_ Co_36032) is an encrusting membranous colony with individual separated polyps and with some low mounds bearing polyps. (D) Higher magnification of part of the paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36032) showing polyp location on both the encrusting membrane and the low mounds." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748887/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="336">8</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFD2FFA0FEDAFF423F20D0F9" box="[321,335,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1135,1159]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1111]" captionTargetId="figure-68@13.[151,1435,273,1111]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Sympodium gibbaeum sp. n. Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36121): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface, some of the tips are oblique. Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36032): (C) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface, some of the tips are oblique or parallel to the surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748889/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="336">9</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3BEC6BA8FFD2FFA0FF0CFEFA3BECD149" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="73493823FFD2FFA0FF0CFEFA3BECD149" blockId="12.[151,1437,259,574]" pageId="12" pageNumber="336">
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<emphasis id="4182E431FFD2FFA0FF0CFEFA3F69D131" bold="true" box="[151,262,259,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="336">Material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="C39E327EFFD2FFA0FE8FFEFA3C73D16D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3413092337" collectingDate="2012-12-03" collectorName="Y. Benayahu." country="Madagascar" elevation="8" latitude="-13.483867" location="Co" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="47.978683" municipality="Nose Be" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry id="0BE178B3FFD2FFA0FE8FFEFA3FF2D131" box="[276,413,259,285]" name="Madagascar" pageId="12" pageNumber="336">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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.
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<emphasis id="4182E431FFD2FFA0FE34FEFA3C73D131" bold="true" box="[431,540,259,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="336">
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<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFD2FFA0FE34FEFA3C73D131" box="[431,540,259,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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: SMNHTAU_
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<location id="76296EF8FFD2FFA0FD56FEFA3C82D131" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB5F8935FFD2FFA1FF0CFF6E3F9AD757:76296EF8FFD2FFA0FD56FEFA3C82D131" box="[717,749,259,285]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-13.483867" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="47.978683" municipality="Nose Be" name="Co" pageId="12" pageNumber="336">Co</location>
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_36121,
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<collectingMunicipality id="932DA259FFD2FFA0FCCAFEFD3DD7D132" box="[849,952,260,286]" pageId="12" pageNumber="336">Nose Be</collectingMunicipality>
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(
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFD2FFA0FBEAFEFA3B6CD132" box="[1137,1283,259,286]" degrees="47" direction="east" minutes="58.721" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" precision="1" value="47.978683">47°58.721’E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<quantity id="B40E95C6FFD2FFA0FA85FEFA3B13D132" box="[1310,1404,259,286]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="14.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" unit="m" value="8.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="2.0">
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<elevation id="F8DBDF10FFD2FFA0FA85FEFA3B13D132" box="[1310,1404,259,286]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="14.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" unit="m" value="8.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="2.0">2–14 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<date id="07481EE3FFD2FFA0FA15FEFA3F25D16D" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" value="2012-12-03">
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<collectingDate id="170CE70BFFD2FFA0FA15FEFA3F25D16D" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" value="2012-12-03">3 December 2012</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, coll.
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||
<collectorName id="DE035DF5FFD2FFA0FE13FED13C73D16D" box="[392,540,295,322]" pageId="12" pageNumber="336">Y. Benayahu.</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="C39E327EFFD2FFA0FDBBFEDE3BECD149" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3413092341" collectingDate="2012-11-30" collectorName="Y. Benayahu." country="Madagascar" county="Ankarea" elevation="27" latitude="-12.832967" location="Co" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="48.575066" municipality="Co" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis id="4182E431FFD2FFA0FDBBFEDE3CF7D16D" bold="true" box="[544,664,295,321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="336">
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<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFD2FFA0FDBBFEDE3CF7D16D" box="[544,664,295,321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
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</emphasis>
|
||
; SMNHTAU_
|
||
<location id="76296EF8FFD2FFA0FCA7FEDE3D34D16D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB5F8935FFD2FFA1FF0CFF6E3F9AD757:76296EF8FFD2FFA0FCA7FEDE3D34D16D" box="[828,859,295,321]" country="Madagascar" county="Ankarea" latitude="-12.832967" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="48.575066" municipality="Co" name="Co" pageId="12" pageNumber="336">Co</location>
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||
_ 38227, ten fragments, same details as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFD2FFA0FAA8FEDE3BF7D16D" box="[1331,1432,295,321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
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, SMNHTAU_
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<collectingMunicipality id="932DA259FFD2FFA0FEAAFEB23F3ED149" box="[305,337,331,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="336">Co</collectingMunicipality>
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_36032,
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<collectingCounty id="9A2840AFFFD2FFA0FE34FEB23C61D149" box="[431,526,331,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="336">Ankaréa</collectingCounty>
|
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFD2FFA0FD86FEB23CC1D149" box="[541,686,331,357]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="49.978" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" precision="1" value="-12.832967">12°49.978’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFD2FFA0FD22FEB23D23D14A" box="[697,844,331,358]" degrees="48" direction="east" minutes="34.504" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" precision="1" value="48.575066">48°34.504’E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<quantity id="B40E95C6FFD2FFA0FCC4FEB23DABD14A" box="[863,964,331,358]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" unit="m" value="27.0" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="26.0">
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<elevation id="F8DBDF10FFD2FFA0FCC4FEB23DABD14A" box="[863,964,331,358]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" unit="m" value="27.0" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="26.0">26–28 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
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,
|
||
<date id="07481EE3FFD2FFA0FC4BFEB23AC4D149" box="[976,1195,331,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" value="2012-11-30">
|
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<collectingDate id="170CE70BFFD2FFA0FC4BFEB23AC4D149" box="[976,1195,331,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" value="2012-11-30">30 November 2012</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="DE035DF5FFD2FFA0FB76FEB53BECD149" box="[1261,1411,331,358]" pageId="12" pageNumber="336">Y. Benayahu.</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3BEC6BA8FFD2FFA1FF5CFE963D63D510" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="337" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" type="description">
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<paragraph id="73493823FFD2FFA0FF5CFE963D30D211" blockId="12.[151,1437,259,574]" pageId="12" pageNumber="336">
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<emphasis id="4182E431FFD2FFA0FF5CFE963F3ED1A5" bold="true" box="[199,337,367,393]" pageId="12" pageNumber="336">Description</emphasis>
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. Encrusting colony with densely packed knob-like mounds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFD2FFA0FC65FE963A36D1A5" box="[1022,1113,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[168,1419,599,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-184@12.[166,1420,597,1804]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Sympodium gibbaeum sp. n.: morphology of type material colonies. (A) Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36121) featuring densely packed knob-like mounds with polyps retracted on top of mounds and partially expanded between them. (B) Paratype colonies (SMNHTAU_Co_38227) with expanded and retracted polyps on top of mounds. (C) Paratype (SMNHTAU_ Co_36032) is an encrusting membranous colony with individual separated polyps and with some low mounds bearing polyps. (D) Higher magnification of part of the paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36032) showing polyp location on both the encrusting membrane and the low mounds." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748887/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="336">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFD2FFA0FB3BFE963B6DD1A5" box="[1184,1282,367,393]" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
measures 3.2 x
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFD2FFA0FF37FE6A3E93D182" box="[172,252,403,430]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
, the mounds are
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFD2FFA0FE21FE6A3C4AD182" box="[442,549,403,430]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8–10 mm</quantity>
|
||
high and the spreading membrane in between is about
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFD2FFA0FB0AFE6A3ABDD182" box="[1169,1234,403,430]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick. The polyps are uniformly spaced throughout the surface of the colony; those of the upper part of the mounds are fully retracted, leaving distinct round pits of about
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFD2FFA0FDBDFE223C08D1DA" box="[550,615,475,502]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFD2FFA0FD67FE223D39D1D9" box="[764,854,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[168,1419,599,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-184@12.[166,1420,597,1804]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Sympodium gibbaeum sp. n.: morphology of type material colonies. (A) Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36121) featuring densely packed knob-like mounds with polyps retracted on top of mounds and partially expanded between them. (B) Paratype colonies (SMNHTAU_Co_38227) with expanded and retracted polyps on top of mounds. (C) Paratype (SMNHTAU_ Co_36032) is an encrusting membranous colony with individual separated polyps and with some low mounds bearing polyps. (D) Higher magnification of part of the paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36032) showing polyp location on both the encrusting membrane and the low mounds." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748887/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="336">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The polyps of the periphery of the lobes are partly expanded, up to
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFD2FFA0FED6FE063FCDD236" box="[333,418,511,538]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, with tentacles up to
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFD2FFA0FD5FFE063D76D236" box="[708,793,511,538]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Most of the pinnules are retracted, but there appears to be a single row of 3–5 pinnules on either side of the tentacle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="278968ABFFD2FFA0FF0CF8DD3FB2D7DD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748887" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5748887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748887/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" startId="12.[151,250,1828,1852]" targetBox="[168,1419,599,1804]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFD2FFA0FF0CF8DD3FB2D7DD" blockId="12.[151,1437,1828,2033]" pageId="12" pageNumber="336">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFD2FFA0FF0CF8DD3F78D711" bold="true" box="[151,279,1828,1853]" pageId="12" pageNumber="336">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4F643A0FFD2FFA0FEB9F8DC3C67D711" authority="Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden, 2021" authorityName="Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden" authorityYear="2021" box="[290,520,1829,1853]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Sympodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gibbaeum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFD2FFA0FEB9F8DC3C67D711" box="[290,520,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="336">Sympodium gibbaeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFD2FFA0FD89F8DC3C3FD711" bold="true" box="[530,592,1829,1853]" pageId="12" pageNumber="336">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AB1594AFFD2FFA0FD89F8DC3C3FD711" box="[530,592,1829,1853]" pageId="12" pageNumber="336" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: morphology of type material colonies. (A) Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36121) featuring densely packed knob-like mounds with polyps retracted on top of mounds and partially expanded between them. (B) Paratype colonies (SMNHTAU_Co_38227) with expanded and retracted polyps on top of mounds. (C) Paratype (SMNHTAU_ Co_36032) is an encrusting membranous colony with individual separated polyps and with some low mounds bearing polyps. (D) Higher magnification of part of the paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36032) showing polyp location on both the encrusting membrane and the low mounds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFD3FFA1FF5CFF6E3FCED0D5" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,249]" pageId="13" pageNumber="337">
|
||
The sclerites of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFD3FFA1FE3EFF6E3C68D09D" box="[421,519,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="337" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
are ellipsoid platelets, abundant throughout the colony, and measure
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFD3FFA1FA8BFF6E3B20D09D" box="[1296,1359,151,177]" degrees="0.014" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="337" precision="55" value="0.014">0.014</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFD3FFA1FAD4FF6E3BF3D09D" box="[1359,1436,151,177]" degrees="0.016" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="337" precision="55" value="-0.016">–0.016</geoCoordinate>
|
||
x
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFD3FFA1FF37FF423F05D0F9" box="[172,362,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="337" unit="mm" value="0.0175" valueMax="0.019" valueMin="0.016">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFD3FFA1FF37FF423E84D0F9" box="[172,235,187,213]" degrees="0.016" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="337" precision="55" value="0.016">0.016</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFD3FFA1FF70FF423F57D0F9" box="[235,312,187,213]" degrees="0.019" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="337" precision="55" value="-0.019">–0.019</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFD3FFA1FE66FF423C39D0F9" box="[509,598,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1135,1159]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1111]" captionTargetId="figure-68@13.[151,1435,273,1111]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Sympodium gibbaeum sp. n. Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36121): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface, some of the tips are oblique. Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36032): (C) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface, some of the tips are oblique or parallel to the surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748889/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="337">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
). They are composed of packed calcite rods whose tips appear to bend over at the surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFD3FFA1FEA7FF263FFBD0D5" box="[316,404,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1135,1159]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1111]" captionTargetId="figure-68@13.[151,1435,273,1111]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Sympodium gibbaeum sp. n. Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36121): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface, some of the tips are oblique. Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36032): (C) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface, some of the tips are oblique or parallel to the surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748889/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="337">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="278968ABFFD3FFA1FF0CFB963A7ED4DF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748889" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5748889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748889/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="337" startId="13.[151,250,1135,1159]" targetBox="[151,1435,273,1111]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFD3FFA1FF0CFB963A7ED4DF" blockId="13.[151,1437,1135,1267]" pageId="13" pageNumber="337">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFD3FFA1FF0CFB963F60D4AB" bold="true" box="[151,271,1135,1159]" pageId="13" pageNumber="337">FIGURE 9</emphasis>
|
||
. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4F643A0FFD3FFA1FD66FB963D8FD4AB" authority="Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden, 2021" authorityName="Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden" authorityYear="2021" box="[765,992,1135,1159]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Sympodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="337" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gibbaeum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFD3FFA1FD66FB963D8FD4AB" box="[765,992,1135,1159]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="337">Sympodium gibbaeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFD3FFA1FC73FB963A4CD4AB" bold="true" box="[1000,1059,1135,1159]" pageId="13" pageNumber="337">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AB1594AFFD3FFA1FC73FB963A4CD4AB" box="[1000,1059,1135,1159]" pageId="13" pageNumber="337" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36121): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface, some of the tips are oblique. Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36032): (C) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface, some of the tips are oblique or parallel to the surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFD3FFA1FF5CFAD83D63D510" blockId="13.[151,1437,1313,1916]" box="[199,780,1313,1340]" pageId="13" pageNumber="337">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFD3FFA1FF5CFAD83F7FD517" bold="true" box="[199,272,1313,1339]" pageId="13" pageNumber="337">Color.</emphasis>
|
||
The ethanol-preserved colony is light cream.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3BEC6BA8FFD3FFA1FF5CFABF3FB9D5AF" pageId="13" pageNumber="337" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFD3FFA1FF5CFABF3FB9D5AF" blockId="13.[151,1437,1313,1916]" pageId="13" pageNumber="337">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFD3FFA1FF5CFABF3F21D54C" bold="true" box="[199,334,1350,1376]" pageId="13" pageNumber="337">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species’ name,
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFD3FFA1FDABFABC3CCAD573" box="[560,677,1349,1375]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="337">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4F643A0FFD3FFA1FDABFABC3CCED573" authorityName="Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden" authorityYear="2021" box="[560,673,1349,1375]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Sympodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="337" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gibbaeum">gibbaeum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is derived from the Latin “gibbosus” meaning hunchback, referring to the mounds of the colony.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3BEC6BA8FFD3FFA1FF5CFA743D44D670" pageId="13" pageNumber="337" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFD3FFA1FF5CFA743D44D670" blockId="13.[151,1437,1313,1916]" pageId="13" pageNumber="337">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFD3FFA1FF5CFA743F50D58B" bold="true" box="[199,319,1421,1447]" pageId="13" pageNumber="337">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFD3FFA1FEEDFA773FB9D584" box="[374,470,1422,1448]" pageId="13" pageNumber="337" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
SMNHTAU_Co_38227 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFD3FFA1FD6CFA743D23D584" box="[759,844,1421,1448]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[168,1419,599,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-184@12.[166,1420,597,1804]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Sympodium gibbaeum sp. n.: morphology of type material colonies. (A) Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36121) featuring densely packed knob-like mounds with polyps retracted on top of mounds and partially expanded between them. (B) Paratype colonies (SMNHTAU_Co_38227) with expanded and retracted polyps on top of mounds. (C) Paratype (SMNHTAU_ Co_36032) is an encrusting membranous colony with individual separated polyps and with some low mounds bearing polyps. (D) Higher magnification of part of the paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36032) showing polyp location on both the encrusting membrane and the low mounds." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748887/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="337">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
) resembles the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFD3FFA1FC61FA743A30D58B" box="[1018,1119,1421,1447]" pageId="13" pageNumber="337" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, but is smaller. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFD3FFA1FAA7FA773BF3D584" box="[1340,1436,1422,1448]" pageId="13" pageNumber="337" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
SMNHTAU_Co_36032 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFD3FFA1FE2EFA483C61D5E0" box="[437,526,1457,1484]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[168,1419,599,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-184@12.[166,1420,597,1804]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Sympodium gibbaeum sp. n.: morphology of type material colonies. (A) Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36121) featuring densely packed knob-like mounds with polyps retracted on top of mounds and partially expanded between them. (B) Paratype colonies (SMNHTAU_Co_38227) with expanded and retracted polyps on top of mounds. (C) Paratype (SMNHTAU_ Co_36032) is an encrusting membranous colony with individual separated polyps and with some low mounds bearing polyps. (D) Higher magnification of part of the paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36032) showing polyp location on both the encrusting membrane and the low mounds." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748887/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="337">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
) comprises a delicate membranous colony featuring several low mounds. The spreading membrane is
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFD3FFA1FE3AFA2F3F91D5DC" box="[417,510,1494,1520]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="337" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick with some individual polyps set apart, leaving
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFD3FFA1FBD0FA2F3AD9D5DC" box="[1099,1206,1494,1520]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="337" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="4.0">4–10 mm</quantity>
|
||
gaps with no polyps but the few low mounds do bear polyps (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFD3FFA1FDF2FA003CABD638" box="[617,708,1529,1556]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[168,1419,599,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-184@12.[166,1420,597,1804]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Sympodium gibbaeum sp. n.: morphology of type material colonies. (A) Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36121) featuring densely packed knob-like mounds with polyps retracted on top of mounds and partially expanded between them. (B) Paratype colonies (SMNHTAU_Co_38227) with expanded and retracted polyps on top of mounds. (C) Paratype (SMNHTAU_ Co_36032) is an encrusting membranous colony with individual separated polyps and with some low mounds bearing polyps. (D) Higher magnification of part of the paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36032) showing polyp location on both the encrusting membrane and the low mounds." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748887/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="337">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The sclerites of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFD3FFA1FC22FA033A76D638" box="[953,1049,1530,1556]" pageId="13" pageNumber="337" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
SMNHTAU_Co_38227 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFD3FFA1FAA6FA003BFBD638" box="[1341,1428,1529,1556]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1135,1159]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1111]" captionTargetId="figure-68@13.[151,1435,273,1111]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Sympodium gibbaeum sp. n. Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36121): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface, some of the tips are oblique. Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36032): (C) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface, some of the tips are oblique or parallel to the surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748889/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="337">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
|
||
) resemble those of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFD3FFA1FE0AF9E43F99D61B" box="[401,502,1565,1591]" pageId="13" pageNumber="337" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, but their outline can be more angular and their surface microstructure presents an oblique-to-parallel orientation of the calcite rods (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFD3FFA1FD5DF9B83D70D670" box="[710,799,1601,1628]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1135,1159]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1111]" captionTargetId="figure-68@13.[151,1435,273,1111]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Sympodium gibbaeum sp. n. Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36121): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface, some of the tips are oblique. Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36032): (C) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface, some of the tips are oblique or parallel to the surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748889/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="337">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3BEC6BA8FFD3FFA1FF5CF99F3CA4D774" pageId="13" pageNumber="337" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFD3FFA1FF5CF99F3E8FD73C" blockId="13.[151,1437,1313,1916]" pageId="13" pageNumber="337">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFD3FFA1FF5CF99F3F5BD6AC" bold="true" box="[199,308,1638,1664]" pageId="13" pageNumber="337">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The morphology of the colonies, featuring mounds, mostly with a round outline, is considered diagnostic for the species. The morphological differences between the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFD3FFA1FC20F9703A72D68F" box="[955,1053,1673,1699]" pageId="13" pageNumber="337" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFD3FFA1FBB6F9703AE8D688" box="[1069,1159,1673,1700]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1135,1159]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1111]" captionTargetId="figure-68@13.[151,1435,273,1111]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Sympodium gibbaeum sp. n. Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36121): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface, some of the tips are oblique. Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36032): (C) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface, some of the tips are oblique or parallel to the surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748889/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="337">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFD3FFA1FB68F9733B31D688" box="[1267,1374,1674,1700]" pageId="13" pageNumber="337" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFD3FFA1FAF4F9703EB4D6E4" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1135,1159]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1111]" captionTargetId="figure-68@13.[151,1435,273,1111]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Sympodium gibbaeum sp. n. Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_36121): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface, some of the tips are oblique. Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_36032): (C) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface, some of the tips are oblique or parallel to the surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748889/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="337">Fig. 9B–D</figureCitation>
|
||
) are suggested to represent intraspecific variation. The ethanol-preserved
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFD3FFA1FB8DF9543A17D6EB" box="[1046,1144,1709,1735]" pageId="13" pageNumber="337" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(SMNHTAU_Co_36121) and a
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFD3FFA1FF42F92B3F56D6C0" box="[217,313,1746,1772]" pageId="13" pageNumber="337" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(SMNHTAU_Co_36032) were sequenced and subsequently assigned to MOTU46 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="176745D2FFD3FFA1FB7FF9283EBBD73C" author="McFadden, C. S. & Gonzalez, A. & Imada, R. & Shi, S. S. & Hong, P. & Ekins, M. & Benayahu, Y." pageId="13" pageNumber="337" pagination="992 - 1006" refId="ref14669" refString="McFadden, C. S., Gonzalez, A., Imada, R., Shi, S. S., Hong, P., Ekins, M. & Benayahu, Y. (2019) Molecular operational taxonomic units reveal restricted geographic ranges and regional endemism in the Indo-Pacific octocoral family Xeniidae. Journal of Biogeography, 46, 992 - 1006. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 13543" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
McFadden
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFD3FFA1FAFEF92B3BFAD6C7" box="[1381,1429,1745,1771]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="337">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFD3FFA1FF5CF8E03CA4D774" blockId="13.[151,1437,1313,1916]" pageId="13" pageNumber="337">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFD3FFA1FF5CF8E03F12D71F" bold="true" box="[199,381,1817,1843]" pageId="13" pageNumber="337">Living features</emphasis>
|
||
. The live colonies feature distinct mounds with expanded polyps, also presenting some color variation such as green-beige or gray (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFD3FFA1FDDEF8C43CD0D774" box="[581,703,1853,1880]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1789,1813]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,240,1766]" captionTargetId="figure-48@7.[151,1436,237,1766]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Live colonies of Sympodium species on the reef. (A) S. arbusculum sp. n.: colonies with clusters of expanded polyps. (B, C) S. caeruleum Ehrenberg, 1834; membrane-like colonies with expanded polyps. (D, E) Patches of Sympodium gibbaeum sp. n. colonies with expanded polyps over the mounds. (F) S. hexagonotus sp. n. holotype colony featuring distinct mounds with expanded polyps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748871/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="337">Fig. 3D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3BEC6BA8FFD3FFA1FF5CF8983F9AD757" box="[199,501,1889,1916]" pageId="13" pageNumber="337" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFD3FFA1FF5CF8983F9AD757" blockId="13.[151,1437,1313,1916]" box="[199,501,1889,1916]" pageId="13" pageNumber="337">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFD3FFA1FF5CF8983F36D757" bold="true" box="[199,345,1889,1915]" pageId="13" pageNumber="337">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0BE178B3FFD3FFA1FEFCF8983F9FD757" box="[359,496,1889,1915]" name="Madagascar" pageId="13" pageNumber="337">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |