277 lines
33 KiB
XML
277 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="0BD570551629CCA718951B5917A8DAF4" ID-CLB-Dataset="3152" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5072.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="87c4739e-7fe1-41e7-a25f-aae7e837fb33" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5748862" ID-ZooBank="810459A8-AF47-47A9-B5B6-BE45659B3E7F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1638424210814" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Benayahu, Yehuda, Ekins, Merrick & Mcfadden, Catherine S." docDate="2021" docId="FB5F8935FFCCFFB8FF0CF9E83A07D6B9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5072.4.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5072 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sympodium yonaguniensis Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden 2021, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="344" masterDocId="0766F14DFFDEFFACFF9BFFF93E6FD02C" masterDocTitle="Overview of the genus Sympodium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Xeniidae), with the description of new species, revealing regional endemism" masterLastPageNumber="350" masterPageNumber="324" pageNumber="342" updateTime="1699471700562" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="03B88727991B1FE8BB0FD8C7EE9B105D">
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<mods:title id="6D2BF0C11470A2C4AFB4CB1862298E7F">Overview of the genus Sympodium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Xeniidae), with the description of new species, revealing regional endemism</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="8B5B4671CC2D7AAFDF438277EC507F20" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="9078967FCA0D3934C9E881786A9AA51E">
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<mods:roleTerm id="63D74136755CE7F25DD4178791C3EC37">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="22527F5C10AC3C43291FE2163941724C">Benayahu, Yehuda</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FC9AFCDD781929DBC6942DFC437ECFBD" type="ORCID">0000-0002-6999-0239</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="640DBB06D9706852BC15080FDF33474B">School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel yehudab @ tauex. tau. ac. il; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6999 - 0239</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="44BFBEE837D752BE7371F12E3AA64D64" type="email">yehudab@tauex.tau.ac.il</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="61C849C06CB283CA70D9B72B65A445D1" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="01997AD2498987B61C84F9422AA34FE2">Ekins, Merrick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="91DAF1C7F9EF409B52F3B58558931DF9">Queensland Museum, South Brisbane BC, Queensland 4101, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="2A0BA754F94CFADE1BDD3ECD194F40E5" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CF8A7EB7ECAF7BAE8AADC3E522C5FAB2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A6BD257342713CC5E67007582B9E13BE">Mcfadden, Catherine S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0B4A25D47102727BC35F2C3FD2C472B6">Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="2E62C144C31EE79BE0D9DD54FA487D97">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4643B1139E3E3E33851B17193FDDA0B7">
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<mods:date id="1054DD51FE6D06945194A65510A887A0">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="55501113046003E4E912EA621B22C38F">2021-12-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="078342FC831B170769C8E5C8EE596D2E">5072</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="C47E0D6615079DB52FA31D75BA06C4CE" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5072.4.2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="FB5F8935FFCCFFB8FF0CF9E83A07D6B9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748822" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190875741" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5748822" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB5F8935FFCCFFB8FF0CF9E83A07D6B9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB5F8935FFCCFFB8FF0CF9E83A07D6B9" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="344" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">
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<subSubSection id="3BEC6BA8FFCCFFBEFF0CF9E83C49D600" box="[151,550,1553,1580]" pageId="18" pageNumber="342" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="73493823FFCCFFBEFF0CF9E83C49D600" blockId="18.[151,550,1553,1616]" box="[151,550,1553,1580]" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">
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<heading id="28018F4FFFCCFFBEFF0CF9E83C49D600" bold="true" box="[151,550,1553,1580]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="342" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="4182E431FFCCFFBEFF0CF9E83C49D600" bold="true" box="[151,550,1553,1580]" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">
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<taxonomicName id="B4F643A0FFCCFFBEFF0CF9E83FB3D600" ID-CoL="8TFZJ" authority="Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden, 2021" authorityName="Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,476,1553,1580]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Sympodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="342" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="yonaguniensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="4182E431FFCCFFBEFF0CF9E83FB3D600" bold="true" box="[151,476,1553,1580]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">Sympodium yonaguniensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AB1594AFFCCFFBEFE7FF9EB3C49D600" box="[484,550,1554,1580]" pageId="18" pageNumber="342" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3BEC6BA8FFCCFFBEFF0CF9CF3FDAD67C" box="[151,437,1590,1616]" pageId="18" pageNumber="342" type="description">
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<paragraph id="73493823FFCCFFBEFF0CF9CF3FDAD67C" blockId="18.[151,550,1553,1616]" box="[151,437,1590,1616]" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">
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<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFCCFFBEFF0CF9CF3E92D67C" box="[151,253,1590,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1410,1434]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,276,1387]" captionTargetId="figure-77@17.[151,1436,273,1387]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 14. Live colonies of Sympodium species on the reef. (A) Colonies of S. subtilis sp. n. with expanded polyps. (B, C) Colonies of S. vegrandis sp. n. (D, E) Colonies of S. yonaguniensis sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748901/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">Fig. 14D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFCCFFBEFE92F9CF3F35D67C" box="[265,346,1590,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[283,1307,184,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-28@19.[281,1307,181,1867]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 17. Sympodium yonaguniensis sp. n.: morphology of type material colonies. (A) Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_35117) featuring irregular upper surface with some polyps emerging individually and others in groups; almost all are retracted. (B) Paratype colonies (SMNHTAU_Co_38228); five shown here. (C) Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_35754) comprises small colonies growing on turf algae and a sponge. (D) Higher magnification of the paratype showing partly retracted polyps of colonies." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748909/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFCCFFBEFEFDF9CF3FDAD67C" box="[358,437,1590,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1120,1144]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-61@20.[151,1435,273,1097]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 18. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Sympodium yonaguniensis sp. n. holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_ 35117): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface. Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_35754): (C) Ellipsoid platelets. (D) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748911/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3BEC6BA8FFCCFFBEFF0CF9873EB8D704" pageId="18" pageNumber="342" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="73493823FFCCFFBEFF0CF9873EB8D704" blockId="18.[151,1437,1662,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">
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<emphasis id="4182E431FFCCFFBEFF0CF9873F69D6B4" bold="true" box="[151,262,1662,1688]" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">Material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="C39E327EFFCCFFBEFE96F9863C4CD690" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3413092311" collectorName="Y. Benayahu" country="Japan" county="Umabanazaki Point" elevation="10" location="Co" municipality="Ryukyu Archipelago" pageId="18" pageNumber="342" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry id="0BE178B3FFCCFFBEFE96F9863F3FD6B5" box="[269,336,1663,1689]" name="Japan" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">Japan</collectingCountry>
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.
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||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFCCFFBEFEC1F9873FA1D6B4" bold="true" box="[346,462,1662,1688]" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">
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<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFCCFFBEFEC1F9873FA6D6B4" box="[346,457,1662,1688]" pageId="18" pageNumber="342" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
SMNHTAU_
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<location id="76296EF8FFCCFFBEFDF4F9873CE0D6B5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB5F8935FFCCFFB8FF0CF9E83A07D6B9:76296EF8FFCCFFBEFDF4F9873CE0D6B5" box="[623,655,1662,1689]" country="Japan" county="Umabanazaki Point" municipality="Ryukyu Archipelago" name="Co" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">Co</location>
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_35117,
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="932DA259FFCCFFBEFD77F9873DB9D6B4" box="[748,982,1662,1688]" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">Ryukyu Archipelago</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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||
<collectorName id="DE035DF5FFCCFFBEFC7BF9873A00D6B5" box="[992,1135,1662,1689]" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">Yonaguni Is.</collectorName>
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,
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||
<collectingCounty id="9A2840AFFFCCFFBEFBE0F9873B36D6B4" box="[1147,1369,1662,1688]" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">Umabanazaki Point</collectingCounty>
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,
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<quantity id="B40E95C6FFCCFFBEFAFFF9873EC0D691" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="18" pageNumber="342" unit="m" value="10.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="8.0">
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<elevation id="F8DBDF10FFCCFFBEFAFFF9873EC0D691" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="18" pageNumber="342" unit="m" value="10.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="8.0">8–12 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, 3
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||
<collectorName id="DE035DF5FFCCFFBEFF4AF95B3F6ED690" box="[209,257,1698,1724]" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">July</collectorName>
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||
, 2010,
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<collectorName id="DE035DF5FFCCFFBEFEC9F95B3C4CD690" box="[338,547,1698,1725]" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">Coll. Y. Benayahu</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="C39E327EFFCCFFBEFDB5F95B3BF7D6CC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3413092321" collectorName="Y. Benayahu" country="Japan" county="West Point" elevation="19" location="Co" municipality="Ryukyu Archipelago" pageId="18" pageNumber="342" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis id="4182E431FFCCFFBEFDB5F95B3CC9D690" bold="true" box="[558,678,1698,1724]" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">
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<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFCCFFBEFDB5F95B3CC9D690" box="[558,678,1698,1724]" pageId="18" pageNumber="342" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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. SMNHTAU_
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||
<location id="76296EF8FFCCFFBEFCD5F95B3D01D690" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB5F8935FFCCFFB8FF0CF9E83A07D6B9:76296EF8FFCCFFBEFCD5F95B3D01D690" box="[846,878,1698,1724]" country="Japan" county="West Point" municipality="Ryukyu Archipelago" name="Co" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">Co</location>
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_38228, same details, 11 fragments, SMNHTAU_
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<location id="76296EF8FFCCFFBEFF0CF93F3ED8D6CD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB5F8935FFCCFFB8FF0CF9E83A07D6B9:76296EF8FFCCFFBEFF0CF93F3ED8D6CD" box="[151,183,1734,1761]" country="Japan" county="West Point" municipality="Ryukyu Archipelago" name="Co" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">Co</location>
|
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_35164
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="932DA259FFCCFFBEFE88F93F3F92D6CC" box="[275,509,1734,1760]" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">Ryukyu Archipelago</collectingMunicipality>
|
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,
|
||
<collectorName id="DE035DF5FFCCFFBEFD93F93F3CF7D6CD" box="[520,664,1734,1761]" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">Yonaguni Is.</collectorName>
|
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,
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<collectingCounty id="9A2840AFFFCCFFBEFD3FF93E3D4ED6CC" box="[676,801,1734,1761]" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">West Point</collectingCounty>
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,
|
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<quantity id="B40E95C6FFCCFFBEFCB7F93F3DFED6CD" box="[812,913,1734,1761]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="18" pageNumber="342" unit="m" value="19.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="16.0">
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<elevation id="F8DBDF10FFCCFFBEFCB7F93F3DFED6CD" box="[812,913,1734,1761]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="18" pageNumber="342" unit="m" value="19.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="16.0">16–22 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
|
||
, 5
|
||
<collectorName id="DE035DF5FFCCFFBEFC28F93F3D8CD6CC" box="[947,995,1734,1760]" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">July</collectorName>
|
||
, 2010, 6 fragments,
|
||
<collectorName id="DE035DF5FFCCFFBEFB53F93F3BF7D6CC" box="[1224,1432,1734,1761]" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">Coll. Y. Benayahu</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C39E327EFFCCFFBEFF0CF9133EBCD704" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3413092342" collectingDate="2012-09-05" collectorName="Green Is. Iron Artificial Reef" country="Taiwan" elevation="23" latitude="22.6425" location="Co" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="121.47528" pageId="18" pageNumber="342" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0BE178B3FFCCFFBEFF0CF9133E82D728" box="[151,237,1770,1796]" name="Taiwan" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. SMNHTAU_
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||
<location id="76296EF8FFCCFFBEFE14F9133FC1D729" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB5F8935FFCCFFB8FF0CF9E83A07D6B9:76296EF8FFCCFFBEFE14F9133FC1D729" box="[399,430,1770,1797]" country="Taiwan" latitude="22.6425" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="121.47528" name="Co" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">Co</location>
|
||
_35754
|
||
<collectorName id="DE035DF5FFCCFFBEFD92F9133D22D728" box="[521,845,1770,1797]" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">Green Is. Iron Artificial Reef</collectorName>
|
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFCCFFBEFCC7F9133D87D728" box="[860,1000,1770,1796]" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="342" precision="15" seconds="33" value="22.6425">22°38’33”N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFCCFFBEFC6FF9133AE4D728" box="[1012,1163,1770,1796]" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="342" precision="15" seconds="31" value="121.47528">121°28’31”E</geoCoordinate>
|
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),
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||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFCCFFBEFB04F9133B6BD729" box="[1183,1284,1770,1797]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="342" unit="m" value="23.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="20.0">
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<elevation id="F8DBDF10FFCCFFBEFB04F9133B6BD729" box="[1183,1284,1770,1797]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="342" unit="m" value="23.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="20.0">20–26 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
|
||
<date id="07481EE3FFCCFFBEFA8BF9133EBCD704" pageId="18" pageNumber="342" value="2012-09-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="170CE70BFFCCFFBEFA8BF9133EBCD704" pageId="18" pageNumber="342" value="2012-09-05">5 September 2012</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3BEC6BA8FFCCFFB8FF5CF8CB3EB7D559" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="344" pageId="18" pageNumber="342" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFCCFFBEFF5CF8CB3D14D7F0" blockId="18.[151,1437,1662,2013]" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFCCFFBEFF5CF8CB3F3ED760" bold="true" box="[199,337,1842,1868]" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFCCFFBEFE0AF8CB3F9CD760" box="[401,499,1842,1868]" pageId="18" pageNumber="342" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is an encrusting and soft colony with irregular upper surface, measuring 5 x
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFCCFFBEFAD5F8CB3BF2D761" box="[1358,1437,1842,1869]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="18" pageNumber="342" unit="mm" value="32.0">32 mm</quantity>
|
||
and up to
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFCCFFBEFE9DF8AF3F29D75D" box="[262,326,1878,1905]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="342" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFCCFFBEFE0FF8AF3F92D75C" box="[404,509,1878,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[283,1307,184,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-28@19.[281,1307,181,1867]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 17. Sympodium yonaguniensis sp. n.: morphology of type material colonies. (A) Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_35117) featuring irregular upper surface with some polyps emerging individually and others in groups; almost all are retracted. (B) Paratype colonies (SMNHTAU_Co_38228); five shown here. (C) Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_35754) comprises small colonies growing on turf algae and a sponge. (D) Higher magnification of the paratype showing partly retracted polyps of colonies." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748909/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="342">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Some polyps emerge individually and others in small groups of 3–5, forming low mounds up to
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFCCFFBEFEA2F8833FF8D7B9" box="[313,407,1914,1941]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="342" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Almost all the polyps are retracted and the few that are either partly or mostly expanded measure up to
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFCCFFBEFE36F8673F9FD795" box="[429,496,1950,1977]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="342" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, with tentacles up to
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFCCFFBEFD47F8673D73D795" box="[732,796,1950,1977]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="342" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Most of the pinnules are retracted and only the few partly retracted ones can be seen under the dissecting microscope.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="278968ABFFCDFFBFFF0CF89A3B01D7C4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748909" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5748909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748909/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="343" startId="19.[151,250,1891,1915]" targetBox="[283,1307,184,1867]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFCDFFBFFF0CF89A3B01D7C4" blockId="19.[151,1436,1891,2024]" pageId="19" pageNumber="343">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFCDFFBFFF0CF89A3F4FD750" bold="true" box="[151,288,1891,1916]" pageId="19" pageNumber="343">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4F643A0FFCDFFBFFEBDF89D3C5BD757" authority="Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden, 2021" authorityName="Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden" authorityYear="2021" box="[294,564,1892,1916]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Sympodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="19" pageNumber="343" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="yonaguniensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFCDFFBFFEBDF89D3C5BD757" box="[294,564,1892,1916]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="343">Sympodium yonaguniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFCDFFBFFDA0F89D3C1BD750" bold="true" box="[571,628,1892,1916]" pageId="19" pageNumber="343">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AB1594AFFCDFFBFFDA0F89D3C1BD750" box="[571,628,1892,1916]" pageId="19" pageNumber="343" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: morphology of type material colonies. (A) Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_35117) featuring irregular upper surface with some polyps emerging individually and others in groups; almost all are retracted. (B) Paratype colonies (SMNHTAU_Co_38228); five shown here. (C) Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_35754) comprises small colonies growing on turf algae and a sponge. (D) Higher magnification of the paratype showing partly retracted polyps of colonies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFCAFFB8FF5CFF6E3C9DD0D5" blockId="20.[151,1436,151,249]" pageId="20" pageNumber="344">
|
||
The sclerites of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFCAFFB8FE3DFF6E3C67D09D" box="[422,520,151,177]" pageId="20" pageNumber="344" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
are ellipsoid platelets, abundant throughout the colony, measuring
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFCAFFB8FB60FF6E3B55D09D" box="[1275,1338,151,177]" degrees="0.012" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="344" precision="55" value="0.012">0.012</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFCAFFB8FAA1FF6E3BE8D09D" box="[1338,1415,151,177]" degrees="0.016" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="344" precision="55" value="-0.016">–0.016</geoCoordinate>
|
||
x
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFCAFFB8FF0CFF423F38D0F9" box="[151,343,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0999999999999999" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="344" unit="mm" value="0.011" valueMax="0.012" valueMin="0.01">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFCAFFB8FF0CFF423EB9D0F9" box="[151,214,187,213]" degrees="0.010" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="344" precision="55" value="0.01">0.010</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFCAFFB8FF4DFF423F4CD0F9" box="[214,291,187,213]" degrees="0.012" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="344" precision="55" value="-0.012">–0.012</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFCAFFB8FE6BFF423C35D0F9" box="[496,602,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1120,1144]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-61@20.[151,1435,273,1097]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 18. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Sympodium yonaguniensis sp. n. holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_ 35117): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface. Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_35754): (C) Ellipsoid platelets. (D) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748911/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="344">Fig. 18A</figureCitation>
|
||
). They are composed of densely packed calcite rods whose tips provide a granular appearance to the sclerite surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFCAFFB8FDE5FF263C8BD0D5" box="[638,740,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1120,1144]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1097]" captionTargetId="figure-61@20.[151,1435,273,1097]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 18. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Sympodium yonaguniensis sp. n. holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_ 35117): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface. Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_35754): (C) Ellipsoid platelets. (D) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748911/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="344">Fig. 18B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="278968ABFFCAFFB8FF0CFB993E87D4C9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748911" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5748911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748911/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="344" startId="20.[151,250,1120,1144]" targetBox="[151,1435,273,1097]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFCAFFB8FF0CFB993E87D4C9" blockId="20.[151,1437,1120,1253]" pageId="20" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFCAFFB8FF0CFB993F4BD454" bold="true" box="[151,292,1120,1144]" pageId="20" pageNumber="344">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4F643A0FFCAFFB8FC81FB983A43D454" authority="Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden, 2021" authorityName="Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden" authorityYear="2021" box="[794,1068,1121,1145]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Sympodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="344" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="yonaguniensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFCAFFB8FC81FB983A43D454" box="[794,1068,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="344">Sympodium yonaguniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFCAFFB8FBADFB983A1BD455" bold="true" box="[1078,1140,1121,1145]" pageId="20" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AB1594AFFCAFFB8FBADFB983A1BD455" box="[1078,1140,1121,1145]" pageId="20" pageNumber="344" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_ 35117): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface. Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_35754): (C) Ellipsoid platelets. (D) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFCAFFB8FF5CFAEA3D62D501" blockId="20.[151,1437,1299,1685]" box="[199,781,1299,1325]" pageId="20" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFCAFFB8FF5CFAEA3F7FD501" bold="true" box="[199,272,1299,1325]" pageId="20" pageNumber="344">Color.</emphasis>
|
||
The ethanol-preserved colony is light cream.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFCAFFB8FF5CFACE3EB7D559" blockId="20.[151,1437,1299,1685]" pageId="20" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFCAFFB8FF5CFACE3FEDD57D" bold="true" box="[199,386,1335,1361]" pageId="20" pageNumber="344">Living features.</emphasis>
|
||
The live colonies present clusters of brown-gray expanded polyps over the reef substrate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFCAFFB8FAF4FACE3EA4D559" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1410,1434]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,276,1387]" captionTargetId="figure-77@17.[151,1436,273,1387]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 14. Live colonies of Sympodium species on the reef. (A) Colonies of S. subtilis sp. n. with expanded polyps. (B, C) Colonies of S. vegrandis sp. n. (D, E) Colonies of S. yonaguniensis sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748901/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="344">Fig. 14D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3BEC6BA8FFCAFFB8FF5CFA863ACBD5B5" box="[199,1188,1407,1433]" pageId="20" pageNumber="344" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFCAFFB8FF5CFA863ACBD5B5" blockId="20.[151,1437,1299,1685]" box="[199,1188,1407,1433]" pageId="20" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFCAFFB8FF5CFA863F21D5B5" bold="true" box="[199,334,1407,1433]" pageId="20" pageNumber="344">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is named after Yonaguni Island, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFCAFFB8FCEAFA863DCED5B5" box="[881,929,1407,1433]" pageId="20" pageNumber="344">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3BEC6BA8FFCAFFB8FF5CFA5A3AEAD5CD" pageId="20" pageNumber="344" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFCAFFB8FF5CFA5A3AEAD5CD" blockId="20.[151,1437,1299,1685]" pageId="20" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFCAFFB8FF5CFA5A3F57D591" bold="true" box="[199,312,1443,1469]" pageId="20" pageNumber="344">Variation</emphasis>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFCAFFB8FEE5FA5A3F86D591" box="[382,489,1443,1469]" pageId="20" pageNumber="344" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
SMNHTAU_Co_38228 (Fig, 17B), SMNHTAU_Co_35164 and SMNHTAU_Co_ 35754 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFCAFFB8FF77FA3E3F10D5CD" box="[236,383,1479,1505]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[283,1307,184,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-28@19.[281,1307,181,1867]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 17. Sympodium yonaguniensis sp. n.: morphology of type material colonies. (A) Holotype (SMNHTAU_Co_35117) featuring irregular upper surface with some polyps emerging individually and others in groups; almost all are retracted. (B) Paratype colonies (SMNHTAU_Co_38228); five shown here. (C) Paratype (SMNHTAU_Co_35754) comprises small colonies growing on turf algae and a sponge. (D) Higher magnification of the paratype showing partly retracted polyps of colonies." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748909/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="344">Figs. 17C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
), are smaller than the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFCAFFB8FDECFA3E3CB3D5CD" box="[631,732,1479,1505]" pageId="20" pageNumber="344" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, but otherwise resemble the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFCAFFB8FB80FA3E3AEED5CD" box="[1051,1153,1479,1505]" pageId="20" pageNumber="344" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3BEC6BA8FFCAFFB8FF5CFA123D55D65D" pageId="20" pageNumber="344" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFCAFFB8FF5CFA123D55D65D" blockId="20.[151,1437,1299,1685]" pageId="20" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFCAFFB8FF5CFA123F54D629" bold="true" box="[199,315,1515,1541]" pageId="20" pageNumber="344">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The morphological features of the colony, specifically the relatively thick encrusting membrane and the polyps emerging in groups from low mounds, are considered to be diagnostic for this species. The ethanol-preserved
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFCAFFB8FEF3F9CA3FA5D661" box="[360,458,1587,1613]" pageId="20" pageNumber="344" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFCAFFB8FD9FF9CA3C00D661" box="[516,623,1587,1613]" pageId="20" pageNumber="344" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(SMNHTAU_Co_35164, SMNHTAU_Co_35754) were sequenced and subsequently assigned to MOTU36 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="176745D2FFCAFFB8FDAAF9AE3D41D65D" author="McFadden, C. S. & Gonzalez, A. & Imada, R. & Shi, S. S. & Hong, P. & Ekins, M. & Benayahu, Y." box="[561,814,1623,1649]" pageId="20" pageNumber="344" pagination="992 - 1006" refId="ref14669" refString="McFadden, C. S., Gonzalez, A., Imada, R., Shi, S. S., Hong, P., Ekins, M. & Benayahu, Y. (2019) Molecular operational taxonomic units reveal restricted geographic ranges and regional endemism in the Indo-Pacific octocoral family Xeniidae. Journal of Biogeography, 46, 992 - 1006. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 13543" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
McFadden
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFCAFFB8FD29F9A13C8CD65D" box="[690,739,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="344">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3BEC6BA8FFCAFFB8FF5CF9823A07D6B9" box="[199,1128,1659,1685]" pageId="20" pageNumber="344" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFCAFFB8FF5CF9823A07D6B9" blockId="20.[151,1437,1299,1685]" box="[199,1128,1659,1685]" pageId="20" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFCAFFB8FF5CF9823F36D6B9" bold="true" box="[199,345,1659,1685]" pageId="20" pageNumber="344">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0BE178B3FFCAFFB8FEFCF9823FC4D6B9" box="[359,427,1659,1685]" name="Japan" pageId="20" pageNumber="344">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Ryukyu Archipelago, Yonaguni Island;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0BE178B3FFCAFFB8FCEBF9823DA9D6B9" box="[880,966,1659,1685]" name="Taiwan" pageId="20" pageNumber="344">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Green Island.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |