159 lines
14 KiB
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159 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.307.4673" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1c534aa5-955a-49b7-9ce1-835ca6720c3d" ID-PMC="PMC3689063" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-307-45" ID-PubMed="23794923" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-307-45" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 307" ModsDocTitle="A taxonomic guide to the brittle-stars (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from the State of Paraíba continental shelf, Northeastern Brazil" checkinTime="1451247231301" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gondim, Anne I., Alonso, Carmen, Dias, Thelma L. P., Manso, Cynthia L. C. & Christoffersen, Martin L." docDate="2013" docId="D486C0E5C8FD6CF71212006D329AC3BE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 307: 45-96" docOrigin="ZooKeys 307" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.307.4673" docTitle="Amphipholis squamata Delle Chiaje 1828" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FF83FFA5FF98BD52FFD3FF85FF8FA509" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic guide to the brittle-stars (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from the State of Paraiba continental shelf, Northeastern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1668155933863" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A taxonomic guide to the brittle-stars (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from the State of Paraiba continental shelf, Northeastern Brazil</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gondim, Anne I.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Alonso, Carmen</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dias, Thelma L. P.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Manso, Cynthia L. C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Christoffersen, Martin L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>307</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>45</mods:start>
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<mods:end>96</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.307.4673</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.307.4673</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-307-45</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152044872" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D486C0E5C8FD6CF71212006D329AC3BE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D486C0E5C8FD6CF71212006D329AC3BE" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Amphipholis_squamata" authority="Delle Chiaje, 1828" authorityName="Delle Chiaje" authorityYear="1828" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Amphipholis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphipholis squamata" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="10" pageNumber="55" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="squamata">Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje, 1828)</taxonomicName>
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Figure 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="g–l">g-l</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="55" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Disk circular (dd = 1.08 to 2.47 mm). Covered by large, irregular, and only slightly imbricating scales (Fig. 5g). Sometimes with the central primary plate evident. Radial scales slightly longer than broad, contiguous, separated proximally by a small scale, with outer margin rounded and inner margin straight. Ventral interradius covered by strongly imbricating scales, which are smaller than dorsal scales (Fig. 5h). Distinct line of demarcation between the scales of the dorsal and ventral surface. Bursal slits long and broad (Fig. 5h). Oral shields fan-shape, distal margin enlarged and convex, slightly longer than wide (Fig. 5i). Adoral shields large, united proximally. Two oral papillae on each side of jaw angle, distal long and opercular (Fig. 5i). A pair of infradental papillae. Dorsal arm plate broader than long, proximal margin rounded and distal margin straight (Fig. 5j). Ventral arm plate pentagonal, twice as long as wide. Three arm spines conical, erect, serrate at tip (Fig. 5l). Two tentacle scales small, narrow and elongated.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="55" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="55">
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Traditionally considered cosmopolitan, except for the extreme polar regions (but see remarks). Western Atlantic from Canada, United States, Mexico, the Antilles, Belize, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Brazil, Uruguay, and Santa Cruz Province, Argentina (
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<bibRefCitation author="Bernasconi, I" journalOrPublisher="Physis" pageId="29" pageNumber="74" pagination="143 - 152" title="Ophiuroidea de Puerto Deseado (Santa Cruz, Argentina)." volume="25" year="1965">Bernasconi 1965</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Hendler, G" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="33" pageNumber="78" title="Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean." year="1995">Hendler et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Hernandez-Herrejon, LA" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="33" pageNumber="78" pagination="83 - 167" title="Ophiuroids (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the Mexican waters of the Gulf of Mexico." volume="56" year="2008">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hernández-Herrejón">Hernandez-Herrejon</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Martinez, S" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="34" pageNumber="79" pagination="205 - 214" title="Shallow water Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea of Uruguay: composition and biogeography." volume="56" year="2008">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Martínez">Martinez</normalizedToken>
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2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Benavides-Serrato et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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). In Brazil, from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Maranhão">Maranhao</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ceará">Ceara</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraíba">Paraiba</normalizedToken>
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, Alagoas, Bahia (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Gondim et al. in press</bibRefCitation>
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), Rio de Janeiro (
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<bibRefCitation author="Clark, HL" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" pagination="166 - 376" title="Catalogue of recent ophiurans: Based on the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology." volume="25" year="1915">H.L. Clark 1915</bibRefCitation>
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) and,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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Paulo (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="10" pageNumber="55">Borges et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
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). Intertidal to 1962 m. Found between 21 and 26m in present study.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="56" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="56" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
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Viviparous polychromatic species, presenting simultaneous hermaphroditism (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Nisolle 1990</bibRefCitation>
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), bioluminescence and fluorescence (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Hendler 1996</bibRefCitation>
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). Commonly found associated with algae and other biological substrates (sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans and molluscs). It may also be found on bottoms of sand, rock, seagrass beds, mangroves, estuaries, and in hypersaline waters. This species has been assigned at least 25 different names (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Poulin et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
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), now synonymyzed as
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<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Amphipholis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphipholis squamata" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="squamata">Amphipholis squamata</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" pagination="246 - 247" title="Asterias squamata Delle Chiaje, 1828 (currently Amphipholis squamata; Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea): proposed conservation of the specific name." volume="52" year="1987">A.M. Clark (1987)</bibRefCitation>
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has proposed conservation of this name and the suppression of the older name
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<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Ophiura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophiura elegans" order="Ophiurida" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elegans">Ophiura elegans</taxonomicName>
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(Leach, 1815).
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<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Amphipholis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphipholis squamata" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="squamata">Amphipholis squamata</taxonomicName>
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is regarded as the only species of echinoderm distributed world-wide. This vast distribution area contrasts with a low dispersal potential due to the lack of a pelagic larval stage and an aggregative spatial distribution (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Féral">Feral</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2001
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</bibRefCitation>
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). According to
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<bibRefCitation author="Fell, HB" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" pagination="419 - 464" title="The embryology of the viviparous ophiuroid Amphipholis squamata Delle Chiaje." volume="75" year="1946">Fell (1946)</bibRefCitation>
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, the species extends its distribution by coastal migrations. However,
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<bibRefCitation author="Tortonese, E" journalOrPublisher="Calderini, Bologna" pageId="36" pageNumber="81" title="Echinodermata. Fauna d'Italia, 6." year="1965">Tortonese (1965)</bibRefCitation>
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questioned the authenticity of a pandemic species. This species is known to have a strong inter- and intra-population variability among adult individuals for both phenotype and genotype, although the species seems to be anatomically uniform.
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<bibRefCitation author="Dupont, S" journalOrPublisher="Netherlands Journal of Zoology" pageId="31" pageNumber="76" pagination="355 - 364" title="Is there a link between morphological, physiological and genetic variability of the ophiuroid Amphipholis squamata." volume="50" year="2000">Dupont et al. (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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found that polychromatism and bioluminescence might be good indicators of variability of genotypes only at the intra-population level.
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<bibRefCitation pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Féral">Feral</normalizedToken>
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et al. (2001)
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</bibRefCitation>
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confirmed that each color variety possesses its own luminous capabilities and that color varieties are genetically differentiated, although no clear genetic differences were demonstrated between colour varieties. The study of
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<bibRefCitation author="Sponer, R" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="36" pageNumber="81" pagination="1954 - 1567" title="Phylogeographic analysis of the brooding brittle star Amphipholis squamata (Echinodermata) along the coast of New Zealand reveals high cryptic genetic variation and cryptic dispersal potential." volume="56" year="2002">Sponer and Roy (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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finally confirmed the existence of cryptic species and cryptic dispersal potential in New Zealand. The analysed specimen presented a small variation in the shape of the oral shield (see description) when compared with the specimens described by
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<bibRefCitation author="Thomas, LP" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean" pageId="36" pageNumber="81" pagination="623 - 694" title="The shallow water Amphiurid brittle stars (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) of Florida." volume="12" year="1962">Thomas (1962)</bibRefCitation>
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, which presented diamond-shaped and wider than long oral shields.
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<bibRefCitation author="Thomas, LP" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean" pageId="36" pageNumber="81" pagination="623 - 694" title="The shallow water Amphiurid brittle stars (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) of Florida." volume="12" year="1962">Thomas (1962)</bibRefCitation>
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observed that the vertral surface of the disk was spinulose in two specimens from Puerto Rico (apparently belonging to this species). No specimen from the coast of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraíba">Paraiba</normalizedToken>
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presents this character. According to
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<bibRefCitation pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Hendler (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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, the structure of the arm spines is the most reliable differential character in adult specimens.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |