117 lines
21 KiB
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117 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="ABF1D2B22FA1184456011469412AF512" ID-CLB-Dataset="24303" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4725.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67d90a4f-f853-4561-ae9a-c0f596d948ca" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3612996" ID-ZooBank="B137F19A-2C50-476C-8F13-4F049253B361" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1579507121529" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hepp, Fábio & Pombal, José P." docDate="2020" docId="D435E640FFCDFFF1BE8BFCE6FE29FE41" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4725.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4725 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Physalaemus erikae Cruz & Pimenta 2004" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="280C9E38FFF1FFCCBE1CFFABFFF0FF92" masterDocTitle="Review of bioacoustical traits in the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae)" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1698778037983" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="81593FD0E2E76749DC33130307F7E411">
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<mods:title id="15AE865149CE6229DC151C4C38BAA5C8">Review of bioacoustical traits in the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="4C22814F176F4245FC7A9B17249E4ED5" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C6FA957ED492F39FE41656D2C2E68B88">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="58964E7C56EC738D57C62FF8CC57884A">Hepp, Fábio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="68D5438A82D5E0DBC94A7B9FA346440D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="90616B32BBE12C896B6127F2C2DD3AD8">Pombal, José P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F6E06EA32637BB65E2C5E01CE4F22B16">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8701FB62FBF40E464A9280D3B3BADE49">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F3D4E30C9DE97A90E0BAB29A5E6F1C38">
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<mods:date id="5A4CD3B8ED43ECD350C6BC49B05E36B9">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="901D866C98DC3B3561DE29FC7F950F11">2020-01-20</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="AC835117F726D4342CDCC84DD9A41621" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="1130DEE65571154981D776B5883FFF21">4725</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="EDFED998A8B583A1D1F9704B652DD220">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="602599E80D70B9F124A079F341367363" type="CLB-Dataset">24303</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D2C06EC798B26AFF294615EDA44A943C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4725.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D435E640FFCDFFF1BE8BFCE6FE29FE41" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5583616" ID-GBIF-Taxon="161762946" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5583616" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D435E640FFCDFFF1BE8BFCE6FE29FE41" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D435E640FFCDFFF1BE8BFCE6FE29FE41" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<subSubSection id="148604DDFFCDFFF0BE8BFCE6FF0CFC65" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5C235756FFCDFFF0BE8BFCE6FD59FCF5" blockId="60.[151,681,845,872]" box="[151,681,845,872]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<heading id="076BE03AFFCDFFF0BE8BFCE6FD59FCF5" bold="true" box="[151,681,845,872]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="9B9C2CD5FFCDFFF0BE8BFCE6FD59FCF5" authority="Cruz & Pimenta, 2004" authorityName="Cruz & Pimenta" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,681,845,872]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erikae">
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFCDFFF0BE8BFCE6FD59FCF5" bold="true" box="[151,681,845,872]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFCDFFF0BE8BFCE6FE79FCFA" bold="true" box="[151,393,845,872]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Physalaemus erikae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="380D2AA7FFCDFFF0BF8DFCE6FD59FCF5" author="Pimenta, B. V. S. & Cruz, C. A. G." box="[401,681,845,871]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="197 - 204" refId="ref76911" refString="Pimenta, B. V. S. & Cruz, C. A. G. (2004) The tadpole and advertisement call of Physalaemus aguirrei Bokermann, 1966 (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae). Amphibia-Reptilia, 25, 197 - 204. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 1568538041231201" type="journal article" year="2004">Cruz & Pimenta, 2004</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5C235756FFCDFFF0BE8BFC3EFF0CFC65" blockId="60.[151,1436,917,1015]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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We found a single call
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<typeStatus id="8327E9F4FFCDFFF0BF85FC3EFE39FC3D" box="[409,457,917,943]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">type</typeStatus>
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for the species, referred to as call A. The call is composed of a single harmonic note. It has a general downward FM throughout the call but with an up-downward FM segment in the first sixth of the call duration.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="08E307DEFFCDFFF0BE8BF980FCA3F91E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613054" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3613054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613054/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" startId="60.[151,250,1579,1604]" targetBox="[155,1430,1041,1551]" targetPageId="60">
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<paragraph id="5C235756FFCDFFF0BE8BF980FCA3F91E" blockId="60.[151,1437,1579,1676]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFCDFFF0BE8BF980FED1F9D6" bold="true" box="[151,289,1579,1604]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 29.</emphasis>
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Call A of
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<taxonomicName id="9B9C2CD5FFCDFFF0BF97F987FDA7F9D6" authorityName="Cruz & Pimenta" authorityYear="2004" box="[395,599,1580,1604]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erikae">
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFCDFFF0BF97F987FDA7F9D6" box="[395,599,1580,1604]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Physalaemus erikae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Oscillograms (A, C, D, and E) and audiospectrograms (B, F, G, and H). A single typical call (A and B). Variant calls A with differences in their envelopes (C–H). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B, F, and G); 67.4 (H).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="148604DDFFCDFFF1BEDBF912FE29FE41" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5C235756FFCDFFF1BEDBF912FE29FE41" blockId="60.[151,1437,1721,2037]" lastBlockId="61.[151,1436,153,467]" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFCDFFF0BEDBF912FDD8F946" bold="true" box="[199,552,1721,1748]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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Call A (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCDFFF0BF3EF912FE86F946" box="[290,374,1721,1748]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1579,1604]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,1041,1551]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[151,1436,1037,1554]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 29. Call A of Physalaemus erikae. Oscillograms (A, C, D, and E) and audiospectrograms (B, F, G, and H). A single typical call (A and B). Variant calls A with differences in their envelopes (C–H). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B, F, and G); 67.4 (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613054/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
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A–H and 24F).
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</emphasis>
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We examined two recordings, a total of four minutes, with 37 calls from four males. Only some of these calls were measured (see
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<tableCitation id="111E62EDFFCDFFF0BCFDF975FCC7F96A" box="[737,823,1758,1784]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="17.[150,243,524,551]" captionTargetBox="[163,1977,638,1641]" captionText="TABLE 2. Descriptive statistics of 11 measurements of the calls typeA of 45 Physalaemus species. Species ordered according to the topology in Lourenço et al. (2015; see text and Table 1). Values are given as mean ± standard deviation (minimum – maximum) mode [number of measurements taken / number of calls]. Single asterisks indicate cells with the same values of other call. Double asterisks indicate features present only in part of the analyzed calls (see descriptions in text for details)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/08E307DEFFE0FFDDBE8AFDA7F865FDFD" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" tableUuid="08E307DEFFE0FFDDBE8AFDA7F865FDFD">Table 2</tableCitation>
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). Call duration varies from 0.478 to
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<geoCoordinate id="39A83191FFCDFFF0BAD1F976FAEFF96B" box="[1229,1311,1757,1785]" degrees="0.566" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" precision="55" value="-0.566">0.566 s</geoCoordinate>
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. The limits between the call rise, sustain, and call fall are not clear (mainly in calls with elliptic envelope, see
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCDFFF0BB18F8A9FA60F88F" box="[1284,1424,1794,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1579,1604]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,1041,1551]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[151,1436,1037,1554]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 29. Call A of Physalaemus erikae. Oscillograms (A, C, D, and E) and audiospectrograms (B, F, G, and H). A single typical call (A and B). Variant calls A with differences in their envelopes (C–H). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B, F, and G); 67.4 (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613054/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 29C, D</figureCitation>
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). When perceptible, the call rise and fall can be similar in duration, or fall shorter than rise. Usually, call rise has an exponential shape, whereas call fall has a logarithmic shape. When present, the sustain is irregular, usually with short and very shallow amplitude valleys (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCDFFF0BC68F8C5FD0CF81B" box="[628,764,1902,1929]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1579,1604]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,1041,1551]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[151,1436,1037,1554]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 29. Call A of Physalaemus erikae. Oscillograms (A, C, D, and E) and audiospectrograms (B, F, G, and H). A single typical call (A and B). Variant calls A with differences in their envelopes (C–H). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B, F, and G); 67.4 (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613054/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 29A, E</figureCitation>
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). The amplitude peak is at around the middle of the call duration. The envelope of the call varies from elliptic (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCDFFF0BCFBF839FC7FF83F" box="[743,911,1938,1965]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1579,1604]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,1041,1551]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[151,1436,1037,1554]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 29. Call A of Physalaemus erikae. Oscillograms (A, C, D, and E) and audiospectrograms (B, F, G, and H). A single typical call (A and B). Variant calls A with differences in their envelopes (C–H). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B, F, and G); 67.4 (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613054/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 29C, D, E</figureCitation>
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) to slightly rectangular (when flat sustains are present;
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCDFFF0BEEAF81DFEADF842" box="[246,349,1974,2000]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1579,1604]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,1041,1551]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[151,1436,1037,1554]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 29. Call A of Physalaemus erikae. Oscillograms (A, C, D, and E) and audiospectrograms (B, F, G, and H). A single typical call (A and B). Variant calls A with differences in their envelopes (C–H). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B, F, and G); 67.4 (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613054/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 29A</figureCitation>
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). More than 50 % of the call energy is concentrated in 30 % of the call duration around the amplitude peak. There is no PAM in the call. The call has a harmonic series (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCDFFF0BDACF871FBE3F866" box="[944,1043,2010,2036]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1645,1670]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,189,1608]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[193,1394,181,1620]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 24. Multiplicity relationship between “instantaneous” dominant frequency and w of calls A of eight Physalaemus species. Each graph shows a single call A of P. henselii (A), P. albonotatus (B), P. cuqui (C), P. atim (D), P. albifrons (E), P. erikae (F), P. kroyeri (G), P. centralis (H). Grid corresponds to the harmonic values (right y-axis). Red squares are the values of “instantaneous” dominant frequency; blue circles are the values of the reciprocal of w; green triangles are the factor values of the ratio “instantaneous” dominant frequency / w reciprocal per delta time. Delta time corresponds to the duration of one period of the measured acoustic oscillation. Note that factors around integer values suggest harmonic relationship between the frequency calculated (w reciprocal) and the dominant frequency. The heterogeneity of the factors in P. henselii (A) suggests sidebands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613044/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Fig. 24F</figureCitation>
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). The fundamental frequency is
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFCDFFF0BB67F870FA6CF866" box="[1403,1436,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">ca.</emphasis>
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420 Hz and approximately the first eight harmonics are emphasized. The wave periods are regular and harmonics are clear throughout the call. The dominant frequency varies from
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFCCFFF1BD97FF15FC55FF45" box="[907,933,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">ca</emphasis>
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.
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<date id="28227196FFCCFFF1BDA8FF16FBBAFF45" box="[948,1098,189,215]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" value="2840" valueMax="2890">2840 to 2890</date>
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Hz (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCCFFF1BA9FFF16FB1BFF45" box="[1155,1259,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1579,1604]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,1041,1551]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[151,1436,1037,1554]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 29. Call A of Physalaemus erikae. Oscillograms (A, C, D, and E) and audiospectrograms (B, F, G, and H). A single typical call (A and B). Variant calls A with differences in their envelopes (C–H). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B, F, and G); 67.4 (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613054/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 29B</figureCitation>
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). The dominant harmonic varies from the first to the seventh. There is a clear shift in the relative energy among bands; the dominant frequency gets higher toward the end of the call, starting at the first harmonic and ending at the seventh (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCCFFF1BB2BFEAEFA68FE8D" box="[1335,1432,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1645,1670]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,189,1608]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[193,1394,181,1620]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 24. Multiplicity relationship between “instantaneous” dominant frequency and w of calls A of eight Physalaemus species. Each graph shows a single call A of P. henselii (A), P. albonotatus (B), P. cuqui (C), P. atim (D), P. albifrons (E), P. erikae (F), P. kroyeri (G), P. centralis (H). Grid corresponds to the harmonic values (right y-axis). Red squares are the values of “instantaneous” dominant frequency; blue circles are the values of the reciprocal of w; green triangles are the factor values of the ratio “instantaneous” dominant frequency / w reciprocal per delta time. Delta time corresponds to the duration of one period of the measured acoustic oscillation. Note that factors around integer values suggest harmonic relationship between the frequency calculated (w reciprocal) and the dominant frequency. The heterogeneity of the factors in P. henselii (A) suggests sidebands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613044/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 24F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCCFFF1BE8BFE82FEDCFED1" box="[151,300,297,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1579,1604]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,1041,1551]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[151,1436,1037,1554]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 29. Call A of Physalaemus erikae. Oscillograms (A, C, D, and E) and audiospectrograms (B, F, G, and H). A single typical call (A and B). Variant calls A with differences in their envelopes (C–H). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B, F, and G); 67.4 (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613054/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">29B, F, G, H</figureCitation>
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). Most of the call energy is between 650 and 3450 Hz (five to six harmonics). The call has a general downward FM (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCCFFF1BF4CFEE6FDEDFEF5" box="[336,541,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1579,1604]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,1041,1551]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[151,1436,1037,1554]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 29. Call A of Physalaemus erikae. Oscillograms (A, C, D, and E) and audiospectrograms (B, F, G, and H). A single typical call (A and B). Variant calls A with differences in their envelopes (C–H). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B, F, and G); 67.4 (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613054/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 29B, F, G, H</figureCitation>
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). Additionally, the calls have an up-downward FM in the first sixth of the call duration, yielding arc-shaped bands in this part of the call, and a short downward FM at the end (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCCFFF1BAD7FEDAFA60FE19" box="[1227,1424,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1579,1604]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,1041,1551]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[151,1436,1037,1554]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 29. Call A of Physalaemus erikae. Oscillograms (A, C, D, and E) and audiospectrograms (B, F, G, and H). A single typical call (A and B). Variant calls A with differences in their envelopes (C–H). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B, F, and G); 67.4 (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613054/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 29B, F, G, H</figureCitation>
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). The general downward FM and the initial up-downward FM result in S-shaped harmonics when considering the entire call. There is no PFM.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |