113 lines
21 KiB
XML
113 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="79B6F654DE57A97A7CA3D8202D80D482" ID-CLB-Dataset="24303" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4725.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67d90a4f-f853-4561-ae9a-c0f596d948ca" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3612996" ID-ZooBank="B137F19A-2C50-476C-8F13-4F049253B361" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1579507121529" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hepp, Fábio & Pombal, José P." docDate="2020" docId="D435E640FFCCFFF1BE8BFDAAFB1CFA9D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4725.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4725 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Physalaemus kroyeri" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="280C9E38FFF1FFCCBE1CFFABFFF0FF92" masterDocTitle="Review of bioacoustical traits in the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae)" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="62" updateTime="1698778037983" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="CD5D89CBC12DD9785E6FCA9ED95995C7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3C40D61D3604341A48CE28260460A314">
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<mods:title id="5096E28BABBEB28F5C587B0BB446BBCD">Review of bioacoustical traits in the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="3A1A4262DD20B5A25B2EF70FA9D599AE" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3563CDB80AFDFAE3A8F497BEF59A4F8E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4112E6445C57577AD270E98FFD7C747A">Hepp, Fábio</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="6B649FA77D2C6F0CF4E90DACE96664FE" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3E71511901A8005002A8F3FB343BBAB8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="AA00A4C3996F001E962A68B677C346B2">Pombal, José P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5E1C0A95196CA5E2597B7E7F61627CE3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="AAC6DD36B887A85DA3B91DD8082632BD">
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<mods:title id="1A1017D7780A21766E692917B88197D7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="51788F6A689F0D8AF7CA8F82913743E4">
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<mods:date id="75F62706D0E0321FF7C45F1A32426E88">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="DD1C567752E5C89097B162F766C9A442" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="0C9E622E68233488B381E3A3F97ED5CD">2020-01-20</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="39FE35BFF6838F83F4353CCDA46197A2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="49FE119ED8E6A946E2DDB0162EBB0DC0">4725</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="B9283EAE92203AE905AE8280136EEDC5">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C1AE4A8B883DB7312C972271848F1C55" type="CLB-Dataset">24303</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="082C89589B6139F91C1EAEE408D159E1" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4725.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A42DE972DB75EA5800C5E62E4D1F21D4" type="GBIF-Dataset">67d90a4f-f853-4561-ae9a-c0f596d948ca</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CF6CFE775E16782459773A86BAAD5AE0" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D435E640FFCCFFF1BE8BFDAAFB1CFA9D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5583618" ID-GBIF-Taxon="161762949" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5583618" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D435E640FFCCFFF1BE8BFDAAFB1CFA9D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D435E640FFCCFFF1BE8BFDAAFB1CFA9D" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<subSubSection id="148604DDFFCCFFF1BE8BFDAAFA9EFD15" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5C235756FFCCFFF1BE8BFDAAFD0CFD89" blockId="61.[151,764,513,540]" box="[151,764,513,540]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<heading id="076BE03AFFCCFFF1BE8BFDAAFD0CFD89" bold="true" box="[151,764,513,540]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="9B9C2CD5FFCCFFF1BE8BFDAAFD0CFD89" authority="(Reinhardt & Lutken, 1862)" baseAuthorityName="Reinhardt & Lutken" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[151,764,513,540]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kroyeri">
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFCCFFF1BE8BFDAAFD0CFD89" bold="true" box="[151,764,513,540]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFCCFFF1BE8BFDAAFE64FD8E" bold="true" box="[151,404,513,540]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Physalaemus kroyeri</emphasis>
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(Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5C235756FFCCFFF1BE8BFDE2FA9EFD15" blockId="61.[151,1437,585,1295]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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We found a single call
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<typeStatus id="8327E9F4FFCCFFF1BF8CFDE2FE4FFDF1" box="[400,447,585,611]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">type</typeStatus>
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for the species, referred to as call A. The call is composed of a single harmonic note with a general downward FM throughout the call and an up-downward FM segment in the first fifth of the call duration.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="148604DDFFCCFFF1BEDBFD3BFB1CFA9D" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5C235756FFCCFFF1BEDBFD3BFB1CFA9D" blockId="61.[151,1437,585,1295]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFCCFFF1BEDBFD3BFDDAFD39" bold="true" box="[199,554,656,683]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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Call A (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCCFFF1BF3FFD3BFE86FD39" box="[291,374,656,683]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1913,1938]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,1324,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,1317,1888]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 30. Call A of Physalaemus kroyeri. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A single typical call with elliptic envelope (A–C). Variant calls A with different envelopes (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.2 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 78.9 (F); 55.2 (E); 110 (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613056/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
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A–F and 24G).
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</emphasis>
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We examined four recordings, a total of six minutes, with
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFCCFFF1BAD1FD39FB17FD39" box="[1229,1255,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">ca</emphasis>
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. 190 calls from eight males. Only some of these calls were measured (see
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<tableCitation id="111E62EDFFCCFFF1BD31FD1EFC74FD5D" box="[813,900,693,719]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="17.[150,243,524,551]" captionTargetBox="[163,1977,638,1641]" captionText="TABLE 2. Descriptive statistics of 11 measurements of the calls typeA of 45 Physalaemus species. Species ordered according to the topology in Lourenço et al. (2015; see text and Table 1). Values are given as mean ± standard deviation (minimum – maximum) mode [number of measurements taken / number of calls]. Single asterisks indicate cells with the same values of other call. Double asterisks indicate features present only in part of the analyzed calls (see descriptions in text for details)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/08E307DEFFE0FFDDBE8AFDA7F865FDFD" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" tableUuid="08E307DEFFE0FFDDBE8AFDA7F865FDFD">Table 2</tableCitation>
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). Call duration varies from 0.673 to
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<geoCoordinate id="39A83191FFCCFFF1BB38FD1FFA88FD5D" box="[1316,1400,692,719]" degrees="0.759" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" precision="55" value="-0.759">0.759 s</geoCoordinate>
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. In some calls the limits between the call rise, sustain and call fall is not very clear (mainly in calls with elliptic envelope,
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCCFFF1BECBFD56FECFFC85" box="[215,319,765,791]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1913,1938]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,1324,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,1317,1888]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 30. Call A of Physalaemus kroyeri. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A single typical call with elliptic envelope (A–C). Variant calls A with different envelopes (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.2 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 78.9 (F); 55.2 (E); 110 (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613056/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 30A</figureCitation>
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). The call rise and fall are similar in duration. Usually, the call rise has a short logarithmic-shaped section followed by an exponential shape, whereas call fall has an exponential shape only. The sustain is irregular, usually with short or long shallow valleys (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCCFFF1BC9EFCEEFD1BFCCD" box="[642,747,837,863]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1913,1938]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,1324,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,1317,1888]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 30. Call A of Physalaemus kroyeri. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A single typical call with elliptic envelope (A–C). Variant calls A with different envelopes (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.2 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 78.9 (F); 55.2 (E); 110 (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613056/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 30D</figureCitation>
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). The amplitude peak is usually before the middle of the call duration. The envelope varies from elliptic (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCCFFF1BC99FCC2FCFCFC11" box="[645,780,873,899]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1913,1938]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,1324,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,1317,1888]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 30. Call A of Physalaemus kroyeri. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A single typical call with elliptic envelope (A–C). Variant calls A with different envelopes (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.2 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 78.9 (F); 55.2 (E); 110 (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613056/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 30A, C</figureCitation>
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) to almost rectangular (when flat sustains are present;
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCCFFF1BB6CFCC2FF3CFC35" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1913,1938]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,1324,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,1317,1888]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 30. Call A of Physalaemus kroyeri. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A single typical call with elliptic envelope (A–C). Variant calls A with different envelopes (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.2 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 78.9 (F); 55.2 (E); 110 (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613056/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 30D</figureCitation>
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). More than 50 % of the call energy is concentrated in 34 % of the call duration around the amplitude peak. There is no PAM in the call. The call has a harmonic series (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCCFFF1BD54FC1AFC42FC59" box="[840,946,945,971]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1645,1670]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,189,1608]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[193,1394,181,1620]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 24. Multiplicity relationship between “instantaneous” dominant frequency and w of calls A of eight Physalaemus species. Each graph shows a single call A of P. henselii (A), P. albonotatus (B), P. cuqui (C), P. atim (D), P. albifrons (E), P. erikae (F), P. kroyeri (G), P. centralis (H). Grid corresponds to the harmonic values (right y-axis). Red squares are the values of “instantaneous” dominant frequency; blue circles are the values of the reciprocal of w; green triangles are the factor values of the ratio “instantaneous” dominant frequency / w reciprocal per delta time. Delta time corresponds to the duration of one period of the measured acoustic oscillation. Note that factors around integer values suggest harmonic relationship between the frequency calculated (w reciprocal) and the dominant frequency. The heterogeneity of the factors in P. henselii (A) suggests sidebands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613044/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 24G</figureCitation>
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). The fundamental frequency is
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFCCFFF1BB3CFC19FAB2FC59" box="[1312,1346,946,971]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">ca.</emphasis>
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480 Hz and approximately the first seven harmonics are emphasized. The wave periods are regular and harmonics are clear throughout the call. The dominant frequency varies from
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFCCFFF1BD02FC51FCC8FB81" box="[798,824,1018,1043]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">ca</emphasis>
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.
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<date id="28227196FFCCFFF1BD5BFC52FC2BFB81" box="[839,987,1017,1043]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" value="2060" valueMax="2160">2060 to 2160</date>
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Hz (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCCFFF1BA0FFC52FB8BFB81" box="[1043,1147,1017,1043]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1913,1938]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,1324,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,1317,1888]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 30. Call A of Physalaemus kroyeri. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A single typical call with elliptic envelope (A–C). Variant calls A with different envelopes (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.2 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 78.9 (F); 55.2 (E); 110 (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613056/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 30B</figureCitation>
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). The dominant harmonic varies from the second to the sixth (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCCFFF1BC3DFBB6FD77FBA5" box="[545,647,1053,1079]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1645,1670]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,189,1608]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[193,1394,181,1620]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 24. Multiplicity relationship between “instantaneous” dominant frequency and w of calls A of eight Physalaemus species. Each graph shows a single call A of P. henselii (A), P. albonotatus (B), P. cuqui (C), P. atim (D), P. albifrons (E), P. erikae (F), P. kroyeri (G), P. centralis (H). Grid corresponds to the harmonic values (right y-axis). Red squares are the values of “instantaneous” dominant frequency; blue circles are the values of the reciprocal of w; green triangles are the factor values of the ratio “instantaneous” dominant frequency / w reciprocal per delta time. Delta time corresponds to the duration of one period of the measured acoustic oscillation. Note that factors around integer values suggest harmonic relationship between the frequency calculated (w reciprocal) and the dominant frequency. The heterogeneity of the factors in P. henselii (A) suggests sidebands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613044/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 24G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCCFFF1BC8EFBB6FD2FFBA5" box="[658,735,1053,1079]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1913,1938]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,1324,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,1317,1888]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 30. Call A of Physalaemus kroyeri. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A single typical call with elliptic envelope (A–C). Variant calls A with different envelopes (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.2 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 78.9 (F); 55.2 (E); 110 (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613056/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">30E, F</figureCitation>
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). There is a clear shift in the relative energy between the bands; the dominant frequency gets higher until three fourths of the call duration, starting at the second harmonic and ending at the sixth; thenceforth, it gets lower, ending at the third harmonic (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCCFFF1BDDEFBCEFBD9FBED" box="[962,1065,1125,1151]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1645,1670]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,189,1608]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[193,1394,181,1620]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 24. Multiplicity relationship between “instantaneous” dominant frequency and w of calls A of eight Physalaemus species. Each graph shows a single call A of P. henselii (A), P. albonotatus (B), P. cuqui (C), P. atim (D), P. albifrons (E), P. erikae (F), P. kroyeri (G), P. centralis (H). Grid corresponds to the harmonic values (right y-axis). Red squares are the values of “instantaneous” dominant frequency; blue circles are the values of the reciprocal of w; green triangles are the factor values of the ratio “instantaneous” dominant frequency / w reciprocal per delta time. Delta time corresponds to the duration of one period of the measured acoustic oscillation. Note that factors around integer values suggest harmonic relationship between the frequency calculated (w reciprocal) and the dominant frequency. The heterogeneity of the factors in P. henselii (A) suggests sidebands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613044/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 24G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCCFFF1BA29FBCEFB73FBED" box="[1077,1155,1125,1151]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1913,1938]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,1324,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,1317,1888]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 30. Call A of Physalaemus kroyeri. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A single typical call with elliptic envelope (A–C). Variant calls A with different envelopes (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.2 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 78.9 (F); 55.2 (E); 110 (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613056/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">30E, F</figureCitation>
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). Most of the call energy is between 450 and 2700 Hz (four to seven harmonics). The call has a general downward FM (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCCFFF1BAA7FB22FAAEFB31" box="[1211,1374,1161,1187]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1913,1938]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,1324,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,1317,1888]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 30. Call A of Physalaemus kroyeri. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A single typical call with elliptic envelope (A–C). Variant calls A with different envelopes (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.2 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 78.9 (F); 55.2 (E); 110 (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613056/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 30B, E, F</figureCitation>
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). Additionally, the calls have an up-downward FM in the first fifth of the call duration, yielding arc-shaped bands in this part of the call, and a short downward FM at the end (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCCFFF1BD18FB7AFC5CFB79" box="[772,940,1233,1259]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1913,1938]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,1324,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[151,1436,1317,1888]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 30. Call A of Physalaemus kroyeri. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A single typical call with elliptic envelope (A–C). Variant calls A with different envelopes (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.2 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 78.9 (F); 55.2 (E); 110 (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613056/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 30B, E, F</figureCitation>
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). The general downward FM and the initial up-downward FM result in S-shaped harmonics when considering the entire call. There is no PFM.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |