109 lines
20 KiB
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109 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="E4C25429838BC22BF67BAC1AF9C65E2E" ID-CLB-Dataset="24303" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4725.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67d90a4f-f853-4561-ae9a-c0f596d948ca" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3612996" ID-ZooBank="B137F19A-2C50-476C-8F13-4F049253B361" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1579507121529" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hepp, Fábio & Pombal, José P." docDate="2020" docId="D435E640FFCAFFF7BE8BFBDFFAAEF8CD" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4725.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4725 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Physalaemus albifrons" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="280C9E38FFF1FFCCBE1CFFABFFF0FF92" masterDocTitle="Review of bioacoustical traits in the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae)" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1698778037983" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="4AD48B38D98B8C8012AFD506082D0CED" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="28DB2D5097CC0E4937D4FABC719C018E">
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<mods:title id="5D31B2AC67761D08CF78E366AA4DF0E0">Review of bioacoustical traits in the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="FA3A5462B6F0DF8EDA10B80153A8C137" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D9C420975F881B895550DFF4AB65170D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B7DD7D0240E27E6CC2E8AF7FA0C9482A">Hepp, Fábio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="3214421F71DE129888843CDBB2B006FE" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DEF4552EA240FA67C9E29BF655DE285F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DEE845E83F2B2686F6D8697D34CE2ADB">Pombal, José P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="CDB47F3C624B46584977ECC02A040774">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="149E3B8829CDFE5F0D01C13D117D5639">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="15425C412A95782C3A8579A0D28C7283">
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<mods:date id="7B20A5F25C57A950CB8CB5EDCAE6FC59">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5D7CDC7ECEC5D24ED3BC2F11D3C4CF17">2020-01-20</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="19857E3267EFAEDF14BD46348DF6D745" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="4B150F269712559F2CBE276572C0654E">4725</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="F66DA3B32EEED4DDA6F8A0AEADBC9D1B" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="DDCA2E686ABC67D9A338C1708B2C33D4">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="0C32A57A6E2B2C9ADFB8ABAC67A03762">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="447AE546AE324F087602E9F1DD6150E6" type="CLB-Dataset">24303</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6DDDC738A4D3A54245AF2DD1FD8E7258" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4725.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C0C1EEEE0EA4141E9033C351B8673673" type="GBIF-Dataset">67d90a4f-f853-4561-ae9a-c0f596d948ca</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="395D3D0B1F8DFE1F20C615A11439C545" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D435E640FFCAFFF7BE8BFBDFFAAEF8CD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5583612" ID-GBIF-Taxon="161762943" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5583612" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D435E640FFCAFFF7BE8BFBDFFAAEF8CD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D435E640FFCAFFF7BE8BFBDFFAAEF8CD" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<subSubSection id="148604DDFFCAFFF7BE8BFBDFFD73FA8C" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5C235756FFCAFFF7BE8BFBDFFDB7FB1C" blockId="59.[151,583,1140,1167]" box="[151,583,1140,1167]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<heading id="076BE03AFFCAFFF7BE8BFBDFFDB7FB1C" bold="true" box="[151,583,1140,1167]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="9B9C2CD5FFCAFFF7BE8BFBDFFDB7FB1C" authority="(Spix, 1824)" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[151,583,1140,1167]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albifrons">
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFCAFFF7BE8BFBDFFDB7FB1C" bold="true" box="[151,583,1140,1167]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFCAFFF7BE8BFBDFFE5BFB1D" bold="true" box="[151,427,1140,1167]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Physalaemus albifrons</emphasis>
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(Spix, 1824)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5C235756FFCAFFF7BE8BFB16FD73FA8C" blockId="59.[151,1437,1212,1887]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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We found a single call
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<typeStatus id="8327E9F4FFCAFFF7BF8EFB16FE32FB45" box="[402,450,1213,1239]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
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for the species, referred to as call A. The call is composed of a short single harmonic note with an elliptic envelope. It has a general downward FM throughout the call but with an up-downward FM segment in the first three fourths of the call duration.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="148604DDFFCAFFF7BECCFA83FAAEF8CD" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5C235756FFCAFFF7BECCFA83FAAEF8CD" blockId="59.[151,1437,1212,1887]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFCAFFF7BECCFA83FDC0FAD1" bold="true" box="[208,560,1320,1347]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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Call A (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCAFFF7BF30FA83FE70FAD1" box="[300,384,1320,1347]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="60.[151,250,702,727]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,186,674]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[151,1436,181,676]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 28. Call A of Physalaemus albifrons. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A single typical call with elliptic envelope (A–B). Variant calls with different envelopes and levels of FM (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 92.1 (B); 81.2 (E); 78.9 (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613052/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
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A–F and 24E).
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</emphasis>
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We examined two recordings, a total of two minutes, with
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFCAFFF7BAC7FA82FB05FAD0" box="[1243,1269,1321,1346]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">ca</emphasis>
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. 90 calls from two males. Only some of these calls were measured (see
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<tableCitation id="111E62EDFFCAFFF7BD01FAE7FC83FAF5" box="[797,883,1356,1383]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="17.[150,243,524,551]" captionTargetBox="[163,1977,638,1641]" captionText="TABLE 2. Descriptive statistics of 11 measurements of the calls typeA of 45 Physalaemus species. Species ordered according to the topology in Lourenço et al. (2015; see text and Table 1). Values are given as mean ± standard deviation (minimum – maximum) mode [number of measurements taken / number of calls]. Single asterisks indicate cells with the same values of other call. Double asterisks indicate features present only in part of the analyzed calls (see descriptions in text for details)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/08E307DEFFE0FFDDBE8AFDA7F865FDFD" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" tableUuid="08E307DEFFE0FFDDBE8AFDA7F865FDFD">Table 2</tableCitation>
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). Call duration varies from 0.263 to
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<geoCoordinate id="39A83191FFCAFFF7BB0DFAE6FA95FAF5" box="[1297,1381,1357,1383]" degrees="0.297" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" precision="55" value="-0.297">0.297 s</geoCoordinate>
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. The call rise and fall durations are similar to each other in duration and shape (linear to exponential). There is a sustain, usually with a concave shape, yielding two amplitude peaks around the middle of the call (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCAFFF7BA9DFA3FFB19FA3D" box="[1153,1257,1428,1455]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="60.[151,250,702,727]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,186,674]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[151,1436,181,676]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 28. Call A of Physalaemus albifrons. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A single typical call with elliptic envelope (A–B). Variant calls with different envelopes and levels of FM (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 92.1 (B); 81.2 (E); 78.9 (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613052/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 28A</figureCitation>
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). The amplitude peak is at around the middle of the call duration. The envelope is elliptic (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCAFFF7BDCFFA13FBACFA41" box="[979,1116,1464,1491]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="60.[151,250,702,727]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,186,674]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[151,1436,181,676]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 28. Call A of Physalaemus albifrons. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A single typical call with elliptic envelope (A–B). Variant calls with different envelopes and levels of FM (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 92.1 (B); 81.2 (E); 78.9 (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613052/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 28A, C</figureCitation>
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). More than 50 % of the call energy is concentrated in 24 % of the call duration around the amplitude peak. There is no PAM in the call. The call has a harmonic series (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCAFFF7BFD7F9ABFDC2F989" box="[459,562,1536,1563]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1645,1670]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,189,1608]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[193,1394,181,1620]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 24. Multiplicity relationship between “instantaneous” dominant frequency and w of calls A of eight Physalaemus species. Each graph shows a single call A of P. henselii (A), P. albonotatus (B), P. cuqui (C), P. atim (D), P. albifrons (E), P. erikae (F), P. kroyeri (G), P. centralis (H). Grid corresponds to the harmonic values (right y-axis). Red squares are the values of “instantaneous” dominant frequency; blue circles are the values of the reciprocal of w; green triangles are the factor values of the ratio “instantaneous” dominant frequency / w reciprocal per delta time. Delta time corresponds to the duration of one period of the measured acoustic oscillation. Note that factors around integer values suggest harmonic relationship between the frequency calculated (w reciprocal) and the dominant frequency. The heterogeneity of the factors in P. henselii (A) suggests sidebands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613044/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 24E</figureCitation>
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). The fundamental frequency is
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFCAFFF7BD83F9AAFC31F988" box="[927,961,1537,1562]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">ca.</emphasis>
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480 Hz and approximately the first seven harmonics are emphasized. The wave periods are regular and harmonics are clear throughout the call. The dominant frequency varies from
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFCAFFF7BF88F9E2FE5EF9F0" box="[404,430,1609,1634]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">ca</emphasis>
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.
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<date id="28227196FFCAFFF7BFA1F9E2FDA0F9F0" box="[445,592,1608,1635]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" value="2440" valueMax="2670">2440 to 2670</date>
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Hz (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCAFFF7BC9AF9E3FD1DF9F1" box="[646,749,1608,1635]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="60.[151,250,702,727]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,186,674]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[151,1436,181,676]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 28. Call A of Physalaemus albifrons. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A single typical call with elliptic envelope (A–B). Variant calls with different envelopes and levels of FM (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 92.1 (B); 81.2 (E); 78.9 (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613052/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 28B</figureCitation>
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). The dominant harmonic varies from the second to the ninth, but it is usually the fifth. There is a clear shift in the relative energy among the bands; the dominant frequency gets higher toward the end of the call, starting at the second harmonic and ending at the eighth or ninth (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCAFFF7BB0CF93BFF5AF95D" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="60.[151,250,702,727]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,186,674]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[151,1436,181,676]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 28. Call A of Physalaemus albifrons. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A single typical call with elliptic envelope (A–B). Variant calls with different envelopes and levels of FM (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 92.1 (B); 81.2 (E); 78.9 (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613052/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 28B, E, F</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCAFFF7BEAAF91EFF17F95D" box="[182,231,1717,1743]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1645,1670]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,189,1608]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[193,1394,181,1620]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 24. Multiplicity relationship between “instantaneous” dominant frequency and w of calls A of eight Physalaemus species. Each graph shows a single call A of P. henselii (A), P. albonotatus (B), P. cuqui (C), P. atim (D), P. albifrons (E), P. erikae (F), P. kroyeri (G), P. centralis (H). Grid corresponds to the harmonic values (right y-axis). Red squares are the values of “instantaneous” dominant frequency; blue circles are the values of the reciprocal of w; green triangles are the factor values of the ratio “instantaneous” dominant frequency / w reciprocal per delta time. Delta time corresponds to the duration of one period of the measured acoustic oscillation. Note that factors around integer values suggest harmonic relationship between the frequency calculated (w reciprocal) and the dominant frequency. The heterogeneity of the factors in P. henselii (A) suggests sidebands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613044/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">24E</figureCitation>
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). Thenceforth, it gets lower, ending in the seventh or sixth harmonic (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCAFFF7BDEAF91FFB6AF95D" box="[1014,1178,1716,1743]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="60.[151,250,702,727]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,186,674]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[151,1436,181,676]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 28. Call A of Physalaemus albifrons. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A single typical call with elliptic envelope (A–B). Variant calls with different envelopes and levels of FM (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 92.1 (B); 81.2 (E); 78.9 (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613052/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 28B, E, F</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCAFFF7BABAF91EFB28F95D" box="[1190,1240,1717,1743]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1645,1670]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,189,1608]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[193,1394,181,1620]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 24. Multiplicity relationship between “instantaneous” dominant frequency and w of calls A of eight Physalaemus species. Each graph shows a single call A of P. henselii (A), P. albonotatus (B), P. cuqui (C), P. atim (D), P. albifrons (E), P. erikae (F), P. kroyeri (G), P. centralis (H). Grid corresponds to the harmonic values (right y-axis). Red squares are the values of “instantaneous” dominant frequency; blue circles are the values of the reciprocal of w; green triangles are the factor values of the ratio “instantaneous” dominant frequency / w reciprocal per delta time. Delta time corresponds to the duration of one period of the measured acoustic oscillation. Note that factors around integer values suggest harmonic relationship between the frequency calculated (w reciprocal) and the dominant frequency. The heterogeneity of the factors in P. henselii (A) suggests sidebands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613044/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">24E</figureCitation>
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). Most of the call energy is between 1100 and 3700 Hz (six to nine harmonics). The call has a general downward FM (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCAFFF7BAF2F973FA7FF961" box="[1262,1423,1752,1779]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="60.[151,250,702,727]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,186,674]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[151,1436,181,676]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 28. Call A of Physalaemus albifrons. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A single typical call with elliptic envelope (A–B). Variant calls with different envelopes and levels of FM (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 92.1 (B); 81.2 (E); 78.9 (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613052/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 28B, E, F</figureCitation>
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). Additionally, the calls have an up-downward FM in the first three fourths of the call duration, yielding arc-shaped bands in this part of the call and a short downward FM at the end (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCAFFF7BD9FF88BFBD7F8A9" box="[899,1063,1824,1851]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="60.[151,250,702,727]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,186,674]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[151,1436,181,676]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 28. Call A of Physalaemus albifrons. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A single typical call with elliptic envelope (A–B). Variant calls with different envelopes and levels of FM (C–F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 92.1 (B); 81.2 (E); 78.9 (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613052/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 28B, E, F</figureCitation>
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). The general downward FM and the initial up-downward FM result in S-shaped harmonics when considering the entire call. There is no PFM.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |