107 lines
16 KiB
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107 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="2B93C9EA79259FD85E703EB7CAD4A816" ID-CLB-Dataset="24303" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4725.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67d90a4f-f853-4561-ae9a-c0f596d948ca" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3612996" ID-ZooBank="B137F19A-2C50-476C-8F13-4F049253B361" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1579507121529" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hepp, Fábio & Pombal, José P." docDate="2020" docId="D435E640FFC8FFF6BE8BFA36FD3CFED6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4725.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4725 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Physalaemus cuqui Lobo 1993" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="58" masterDocId="280C9E38FFF1FFCCBE1CFFABFFF0FF92" masterDocTitle="Review of bioacoustical traits in the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae)" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1698778037983" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="B9A8DA486BE93C86C92460251460C732" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EFFD79B06A32C6F9FA416189FF681243">
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<mods:title id="33A53BA0ADAE226530BEE8A403A618F3">Review of bioacoustical traits in the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="333AE2773841DD2BF38F6EA90D5D2049" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A81D36A33A15793445B83C3F1E1EE34A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EEA5DC4C169C24C5676484D32B977B27">Hepp, Fábio</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="067DE8F15250196456EFEFC8AA6902EF" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FDACCE7744CA451A23C1B1DA115BDDC4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E7D71177AF76E32B27E6EB60BF462AD0">Pombal, José P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FFCE0AF342D34C217C970C6261C1C1BF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4925285A66529EFCE7F29CAFF085B7C8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="9522BA867C712B0ACF45005F67AC4E24">
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<mods:date id="629ADCBD6E7AA06C832F759BAB7C99EF">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E00F1092D1C8BDA2F8712BE85FA5A225" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="9B68FC62FA8950A9F2973B5999B44936">2020-01-20</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="79CFF3EDCF6600F755EF8A2E87FC007D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="35BB4B4356123F53350EF6B4A9D0B5FB">4725</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="9F426716A360C1F93D9F97B7045926DB" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="84070DBCC4D99D95257B39DE1E8CCF8D">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="578848E9DC9866F5D313495679EC5F91">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="2F770263279BC0EB6BE77260A9FFA5DD" type="CLB-Dataset">24303</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="53DCD992BF59BE8A106E65FA916224D6" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4725.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0132FF5319DA71B249E20925F89C365B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D435E640FFC8FFF6BE8BFA36FD3CFED6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5583608" ID-GBIF-Taxon="161762942" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5583608" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D435E640FFC8FFF6BE8BFA36FD3CFED6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D435E640FFC8FFF6BE8BFA36FD3CFED6" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<subSubSection id="148604DDFFC8FFF5BE8BFA36FBC2F9B6" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5C235756FFC8FFF5BE8BFA36FDE5FA2A" blockId="57.[151,533,1437,1464]" box="[151,533,1437,1464]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<heading id="076BE03AFFC8FFF5BE8BFA36FDE5FA2A" bold="true" box="[151,533,1437,1464]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="9B9C2CD5FFC8FFF5BE8BFA36FDE5FA2A" authority="Lobo, 1993" authorityName="Lobo" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,533,1437,1464]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuqui">
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFC8FFF5BE8BFA36FDE5FA2A" bold="true" box="[151,533,1437,1464]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFC8FFF5BE8BFA36FE72FA2A" bold="true" box="[151,386,1437,1464]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Physalaemus cuqui</emphasis>
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Lobo, 1993
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5C235756FFC8FFF5BE8BFA4DFBC2F9B6" blockId="57.[151,1437,1510,2041]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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We found a single call
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<typeStatus id="8327E9F4FFC8FFF5BF80FA4DFE3CF992" box="[412,460,1510,1536]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">type</typeStatus>
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for the species, referred to as call A. The call has a single harmonic note with a slight PAM without silence intervals. It has a gradual downward FM throughout the call.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="148604DDFFC8FFF6BEDBF986FD3CFED6" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5C235756FFC8FFF6BEDBF986FD3CFED6" blockId="57.[151,1437,1510,2041]" lastBlockId="58.[151,1436,152,324]" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFC8FFF5BEDBF986FDDDF9DA" bold="true" box="[199,557,1581,1608]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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Call A (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFC8FFF5BF38F986FE89F9DA" box="[292,377,1581,1608]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1318,1343]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,349,1289]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[151,1436,345,1293]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 26. Call A of Physalaemus cuqui. Oscillogram (A) and audiospectrogram (B). A single call (A and B). Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613048/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
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A–B and 24C).
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</emphasis>
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We examined two recordings, a total of two minutes, with 47 calls from six males. Only some of these calls were measured (see
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<tableCitation id="111E62EDFFC8FFF5BCFDF9F9FCC7F9FE" box="[737,823,1618,1644]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="17.[150,243,524,551]" captionTargetBox="[163,1977,638,1641]" captionText="TABLE 2. Descriptive statistics of 11 measurements of the calls typeA of 45 Physalaemus species. Species ordered according to the topology in Lourenço et al. (2015; see text and Table 1). Values are given as mean ± standard deviation (minimum – maximum) mode [number of measurements taken / number of calls]. Single asterisks indicate cells with the same values of other call. Double asterisks indicate features present only in part of the analyzed calls (see descriptions in text for details)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/08E307DEFFE0FFDDBE8AFDA7F865FDFD" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" tableUuid="08E307DEFFE0FFDDBE8AFDA7F865FDFD">Table 2</tableCitation>
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). Call duration varies from 1.215 to
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<geoCoordinate id="39A83191FFC8FFF5BAD1F9FAFAEFF9FE" box="[1229,1311,1617,1644]" degrees="1.500" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" precision="55" value="-1.5">1.500 s</geoCoordinate>
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. The limits between the call rise, sustain, and call fall are not clear (see elliptic envelope in
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFC8FFF5BA11F9DDFB85F903" box="[1037,1141,1654,1681]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1318,1343]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,349,1289]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[151,1436,345,1293]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 26. Call A of Physalaemus cuqui. Oscillogram (A) and audiospectrogram (B). A single call (A and B). Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613048/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 26A</figureCitation>
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); the envelope is linear- or exponential-shaped until the amplitude peak and logarithmic-shaped from the peak to the end of the call (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFC8FFF5BB34F931FA60F927" box="[1320,1424,1690,1717]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1318,1343]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,349,1289]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[151,1436,345,1293]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 26. Call A of Physalaemus cuqui. Oscillogram (A) and audiospectrogram (B). A single call (A and B). Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613048/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 26A</figureCitation>
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). The amplitude peak is at around the end of the first two thirds of the call duration. The envelope is elliptic (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFC8FFF5BB73F915FF3CF96F" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1318,1343]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,349,1289]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[151,1436,345,1293]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 26. Call A of Physalaemus cuqui. Oscillogram (A) and audiospectrogram (B). A single call (A and B). Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613048/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 26A</figureCitation>
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). More than 50 % of the call energy is concentrated in 26 % of the call duration around the amplitude peak. The call has a slight PAM (there is no silence interval between amplitude peaks;
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFC8FFF5BDFCF8ADFBB7F8B3" box="[992,1095,1798,1825]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1318,1343]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,349,1289]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[151,1436,345,1293]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 26. Call A of Physalaemus cuqui. Oscillogram (A) and audiospectrogram (B). A single call (A and B). Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613048/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 26A</figureCitation>
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). The rate of the PAM is
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFC8FFF5BB45F8ACFA8AF8B2" box="[1369,1402,1799,1824]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">ca.</emphasis>
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21 Hz, yielding
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFC8FFF5BF34F880FEB9F8D6" box="[296,329,1835,1860]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">ca.</emphasis>
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29 cycles throughout the call. The cycle rise and fall are similar, with amplitude peak at the middle of the cycle. The call has a harmonic series (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFC8FFF5BC9EF8E5FD18F8FA" box="[642,744,1870,1896]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1645,1670]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,189,1608]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[193,1394,181,1620]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 24. Multiplicity relationship between “instantaneous” dominant frequency and w of calls A of eight Physalaemus species. Each graph shows a single call A of P. henselii (A), P. albonotatus (B), P. cuqui (C), P. atim (D), P. albifrons (E), P. erikae (F), P. kroyeri (G), P. centralis (H). Grid corresponds to the harmonic values (right y-axis). Red squares are the values of “instantaneous” dominant frequency; blue circles are the values of the reciprocal of w; green triangles are the factor values of the ratio “instantaneous” dominant frequency / w reciprocal per delta time. Delta time corresponds to the duration of one period of the measured acoustic oscillation. Note that factors around integer values suggest harmonic relationship between the frequency calculated (w reciprocal) and the dominant frequency. The heterogeneity of the factors in P. henselii (A) suggests sidebands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613044/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 24C</figureCitation>
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). The fundamental frequency is
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFC8FFF5BA51F8E4FB9FF8FA" box="[1101,1135,1871,1896]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">ca.</emphasis>
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510 Hz and approximately the first seven harmonics are emphasized. The wave periods are regular and harmonics are clear throughout the call. The dominant frequency is
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFC8FFF5BFD0F83CFE1DF822" box="[460,493,1943,1968]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">ca.</emphasis>
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2850 Hz (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFC8FFF5BC7FF83DFD3AF823" box="[611,714,1942,1969]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1318,1343]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,349,1289]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[151,1436,345,1293]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 26. Call A of Physalaemus cuqui. Oscillogram (A) and audiospectrogram (B). A single call (A and B). Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613048/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 26B</figureCitation>
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). The dominant harmonic varies from the first to the sixth, but it is usually the sixth. There is a clear shift in relative energy among the bands; the dominant frequency gets higher toward the end of the call, starting at first harmonic and ending in the sixth one (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFC8FFF5BA10F875FB82F86B" box="[1036,1138,2014,2041]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1318,1343]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,349,1289]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[151,1436,345,1293]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 26. Call A of Physalaemus cuqui. Oscillogram (A) and audiospectrogram (B). A single call (A and B). Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613048/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 26B</figureCitation>
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). Most of the call energy is between 500 and 3000 Hz (five to six harmonics). The call has a general downward FM. Additionally the calls have a subtle up-downward FM at the beginning, yielding a arc-shaped bands in this part of the call in audiospectrograms, and a short downward FM at the end (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCBFFF6BC22FF4AFD54FF6E" box="[574,676,225,252]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1318,1343]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,349,1289]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[151,1436,345,1293]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 26. Call A of Physalaemus cuqui. Oscillogram (A) and audiospectrogram (B). A single call (A and B). Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613048/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 26B</figureCitation>
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). The general downward FM and the initial up-downward FM result in S-shaped harmonics when considering the entire call (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFCBFFF6BD38FEAEFC7DFEB2" box="[804,909,261,288]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1318,1343]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,349,1289]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[151,1436,345,1293]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 26. Call A of Physalaemus cuqui. Oscillogram (A) and audiospectrogram (B). A single call (A and B). Filter bandwidth (Hz): 61.9 (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613048/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 26B</figureCitation>
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). The call also has a PFM, which is inversely proportional and synchronic to the PAM (26A–B).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |