120 lines
20 KiB
XML
120 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="EE7B0015C04090FFDC34BDBDA9DA4370" ID-CLB-Dataset="24303" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4725.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67d90a4f-f853-4561-ae9a-c0f596d948ca" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3612996" ID-ZooBank="B137F19A-2C50-476C-8F13-4F049253B361" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1579507121529" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hepp, Fábio & Pombal, José P." docDate="2020" docId="D435E640FFC7FFFBBE8BFA44FC4DFDAD" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4725.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4725 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Physalaemus henselii" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="280C9E38FFF1FFCCBE1CFFABFFF0FF92" masterDocTitle="Review of bioacoustical traits in the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae)" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1698778037983" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="7B6FEBD71A3D7B7EEB794DAB892CED75" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="094E5BAD4ECE91653D8B34BAEAD32DDA">
|
||
<mods:title id="7DA9ADFEBFAB3FF188428A00A6F61BB4">Review of bioacoustical traits in the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="8ABC63E19BF5CDD8E3D43894BD29527A" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="34356D38730274A550B643C96D90DF67">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="73796673EA0DF49A8E045A31C1DD25DD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="48D59348D2873BB2C974A5CA78B4FBA0">Hepp, Fábio</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="1817B9F0F2596AA916FD641F4D3DD3D9" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="A88C22BB0A703D306BC3B53C43EFEE2A">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="815FE8180B369CA20CEA3CAFFCDB2557">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="A4C4734BF1F4EEED0059A40C0B0D273F">Pombal, José P.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="DD847A847D3E858112A9CA98F7B59631">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="EBC61508C1C96A7A72AC721FE742D1D7" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="DF298295AC69AC4BB852851ACD96EC3B">
|
||
<mods:title id="D590134AA91432AB69E3A699BE009DAA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="273735A4FA131994B7C798A92AA7E072">
|
||
<mods:date id="C1EE1063C5D4897234532A25D6853BC8">2020</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="168B3673850005F6C261C91CD434AB47" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="84FAF31345BD371DD2968B4C2B177EDE">2020-01-20</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="A47964EB2C52425B4CAE7A5CA3AA8519" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="1EE31EC5B486E3FF2F2E35C3CB00501D">4725</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="171D4D147A729B3D0542889B74C26BC8" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="3C096F8CBCAB6579CFC565C3E22DE9C0">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="BA868E5B5CEBB7BAE39ED90E3BE3BE73" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="3A7472E7DFA89F628CFDE0673B92083F">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="F3B4D40ECE403595FC27CC29B9BD8059">106</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="B19B9647EAA3DAE01DD0BA0A5336031D">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="4C64382FD6AC031C8637FA62810C53DB" type="CLB-Dataset">24303</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B97A445A2C88B3968389B3AA4CFAFE5F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4725.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="54BB297788DF37ECC13BE476439E7EA8" type="GBIF-Dataset">67d90a4f-f853-4561-ae9a-c0f596d948ca</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="6E072A18B2A2FC41A355F851650EA5A9" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="77BB2DAEDFABED9DA5F080329B808802" type="Zenodo-Dep">3612996</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="6BF01C96109D3BB39A5B437FAF2121F9" type="ZooBank">B137F19A-2C50-476C-8F13-4F049253B361</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="D435E640FFC7FFFBBE8BFA44FC4DFDAD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5583602" ID-GBIF-Taxon="161762945" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5583602" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D435E640FFC7FFFBBE8BFA44FC4DFDAD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D435E640FFC7FFFBBE8BFA44FC4DFDAD" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<subSubSection id="148604DDFFC7FFFABE8BFA44FB9EF9E4" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C235756FFC7FFFABE8BFA44FDBFF99B" blockId="54.[151,591,1519,1546]" box="[151,591,1519,1546]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<heading id="076BE03AFFC7FFFABE8BFA44FDBFF99B" bold="true" box="[151,591,1519,1546]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B9C2CD5FFC7FFFABE8BFA44FDBFF99B" authority="(Peters, 1872)" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[151,591,1519,1546]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="henselii">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFC7FFFABE8BFA44FDBFF99B" bold="true" box="[151,591,1519,1546]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFC7FFFABE8BFA44FE6DF998" bold="true" box="[151,413,1519,1546]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Physalaemus henselii</emphasis>
|
||
(Peters, 1872)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C235756FFC7FFFABE8BF993FB9EF9E4" blockId="54.[151,1437,1592,2014]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
We found a single call
|
||
<typeStatus id="8327E9F4FFC7FFFABF84F993FE38F9C0" box="[408,456,1592,1618]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">type</typeStatus>
|
||
for the species, referred to as call A. The call is composed of a sequence of pulses (
|
||
<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFC7FFFABB6FF993FA66F9C3" box="[1395,1430,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
, pulse-PAM). The call is spectrally polymorphic; some calls have pulses with sidebands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="148604DDFFC7FFFBBEDBF9D4FC4DFDAD" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="5C235756FFC7FFFBBEDBF9D4FC4DFDAD" blockId="54.[151,1437,1592,2014]" lastBlockId="55.[151,1437,153,575]" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFC7FFFABEDBF9D4FE80F908" bold="true" box="[199,368,1663,1690]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Call A (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFC7FFFABF02F9D4FE80F908" box="[286,368,1663,1690]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1149,1174]" captionTargetBox="[159,1431,603,1123]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[151,1436,597,1124]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 23. Call A of Physalaemus henselii. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A single typical call (A–B). A variant call with a different envelope (C and E). Last pulses of a call (D and F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s (C and E) and 0.02 s (D and F); vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 135 (B); 92.1 (F); 69 (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613042/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A–F
|
||
<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFC7FFFABFB4F92BFDEBF908" bold="true" box="[424,539,1663,1690]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">and 24A).</emphasis>
|
||
We examined two recordings, a total of four minutes, with
|
||
<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFC7FFFABAB2F92BFB38F90B" box="[1198,1224,1664,1689]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 200 calls from six males. Only some of these calls were measured (see
|
||
<tableCitation id="111E62EDFFC7FFFABCF0F90FFCB2F92C" box="[748,834,1700,1726]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="17.[150,243,524,551]" captionTargetBox="[163,1977,638,1641]" captionText="TABLE 2. Descriptive statistics of 11 measurements of the calls typeA of 45 Physalaemus species. Species ordered according to the topology in Lourenço et al. (2015; see text and Table 1). Values are given as mean ± standard deviation (minimum – maximum) mode [number of measurements taken / number of calls]. Single asterisks indicate cells with the same values of other call. Double asterisks indicate features present only in part of the analyzed calls (see descriptions in text for details)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/08E307DEFFE0FFDDBE8AFDA7F865FDFD" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" tableUuid="08E307DEFFE0FFDDBE8AFDA7F865FDFD">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Call duration varies from 0.289 to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="39A83191FFC7FFFABAFCF90FFAC4F92C" box="[1248,1332,1700,1726]" degrees="0.493" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" precision="55" value="-0.493">0.493 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. The call rise is usually very abrupt and shorter than the call fall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFC7FFFABCE1F963FC92F970" box="[765,866,1736,1762]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1149,1174]" captionTargetBox="[159,1431,603,1123]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[151,1436,597,1124]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 23. Call A of Physalaemus henselii. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A single typical call (A–B). A variant call with a different envelope (C and E). Last pulses of a call (D and F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s (C and E) and 0.02 s (D and F); vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 135 (B); 92.1 (F); 69 (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613042/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 23C</figureCitation>
|
||
), which has an exponential shape. The call rises are longer and more similar to falls. The sustain varies from flat to very steep in shape. The envelope of the call is elliptic, rectangular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFC7FFFABF51F8BBFE42F8B8" box="[333,434,1808,1834]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1149,1174]" captionTargetBox="[159,1431,603,1123]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[151,1436,597,1124]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 23. Call A of Physalaemus henselii. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A single typical call (A–B). A variant call with a different envelope (C and E). Last pulses of a call (D and F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s (C and E) and 0.02 s (D and F); vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 135 (B); 92.1 (F); 69 (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613042/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 23C</figureCitation>
|
||
), or triangular (pointed left;
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFC7FFFABCF1F8BBFCA4F8B8" box="[749,852,1808,1834]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1149,1174]" captionTargetBox="[159,1431,603,1123]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[151,1436,597,1124]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 23. Call A of Physalaemus henselii. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A single typical call (A–B). A variant call with a different envelope (C and E). Last pulses of a call (D and F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s (C and E) and 0.02 s (D and F); vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 135 (B); 92.1 (F); 69 (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613042/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
|
||
). More than 50 % of the energy is concentrated in 53 % of the call duration around the amplitude peak. The call has a strong PAM (with silence intervals present between pulses;
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFC7FFFABEF0F8F3FECCF8E0" box="[236,316,1880,1906]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1149,1174]" captionTargetBox="[159,1431,603,1123]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[151,1436,597,1124]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 23. Call A of Physalaemus henselii. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A single typical call (A–B). A variant call with a different envelope (C and E). Last pulses of a call (D and F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s (C and E) and 0.02 s (D and F); vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 135 (B); 92.1 (F); 69 (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613042/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
A–F). The rate of the PAM is
|
||
<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFC7FFFABC91F8F3FD5FF8E3" box="[653,687,1880,1905]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
54 Hz, forming
|
||
<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFC7FFFABD76F8F3FC7BF8E3" box="[874,907,1880,1905]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
20 pulses throughout the call. The envelope of the pulses is variable; however, the pulse rise is usually shorter than the fall, with amplitude peak at the beginning of the pulse. Silence intervals are present between pulses, with durations slightly longer than pulse duration except between the first pulses, where the intervals are very short or even absent (pulses are juxtaposed;
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFC7FFFABAF8F86FFA60F84C" box="[1252,1424,1988,2014]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1149,1174]" captionTargetBox="[159,1431,603,1123]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[151,1436,597,1124]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 23. Call A of Physalaemus henselii. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A single typical call (A–B). A variant call with a different envelope (C and E). Last pulses of a call (D and F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s (C and E) and 0.02 s (D and F); vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 135 (B); 92.1 (F); 69 (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613042/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Fig. 23A, C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The call has a harmonic series (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFC6FFFBBC1DFF32FD9BFF21" box="[513,619,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1645,1670]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,189,1608]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[193,1394,181,1620]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 24. Multiplicity relationship between “instantaneous” dominant frequency and w of calls A of eight Physalaemus species. Each graph shows a single call A of P. henselii (A), P. albonotatus (B), P. cuqui (C), P. atim (D), P. albifrons (E), P. erikae (F), P. kroyeri (G), P. centralis (H). Grid corresponds to the harmonic values (right y-axis). Red squares are the values of “instantaneous” dominant frequency; blue circles are the values of the reciprocal of w; green triangles are the factor values of the ratio “instantaneous” dominant frequency / w reciprocal per delta time. Delta time corresponds to the duration of one period of the measured acoustic oscillation. Note that factors around integer values suggest harmonic relationship between the frequency calculated (w reciprocal) and the dominant frequency. The heterogeneity of the factors in P. henselii (A) suggests sidebands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613044/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 24A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The fundamental frequency is at
|
||
<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFC6FFFBBDEAFF31FBE8FF21" box="[1014,1048,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
1900 Hz and this band is also the dominant frequency (see below). The wave periods are regular and harmonics are clear throughout the call. The call shows an additional frequency series with bands separated by
|
||
<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFC6FFFBBD53FF49FC80FF69" box="[847,880,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
250 Hz series produced by a PAM present within pulses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFC6FFFBBEF1FEAEFE81FE8D" box="[237,369,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1149,1174]" captionTargetBox="[159,1431,603,1123]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[151,1436,597,1124]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 23. Call A of Physalaemus henselii. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A single typical call (A–B). A variant call with a different envelope (C and E). Last pulses of a call (D and F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s (C and E) and 0.02 s (D and F); vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 135 (B); 92.1 (F); 69 (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613042/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 23E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). This series is very variable (30 to 550 Hz) and it is not multiple of the harmonic series. Both seem to be independent of each other. Therefore, we called the 250-Hz bands as sidebands. The short duration of the pulses makes the bands broad with narrow intervals. In parts where two pulses are juxtaposed, or at least very close to each other, the wave periods are less regular, the harmonics can be less clear with deterministic chaos (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFC6FFFBBB37FEDAFA60FE19" box="[1323,1424,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1149,1174]" captionTargetBox="[159,1431,603,1123]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[151,1436,597,1124]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 23. Call A of Physalaemus henselii. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A single typical call (A–B). A variant call with a different envelope (C and E). Last pulses of a call (D and F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s (C and E) and 0.02 s (D and F); vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 135 (B); 92.1 (F); 69 (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613042/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 23E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dominant frequency varies from
|
||
<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFC6FFFBBC27FE3DFDA5FE3D" box="[571,597,406,431]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">ca</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="28227196FFC6FFFBBC78FE3EFD09FE3D" box="[612,761,405,431]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1690" valueMax="2160">1690 to 2160</date>
|
||
Hz (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFC6FFFBBD2DFE3EFC69FE3D" box="[817,921,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1149,1174]" captionTargetBox="[159,1431,603,1123]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[151,1436,597,1124]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 23. Call A of Physalaemus henselii. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A single typical call (A–B). A variant call with a different envelope (C and E). Last pulses of a call (D and F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s (C and E) and 0.02 s (D and F); vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 135 (B); 92.1 (F); 69 (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613042/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 23B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The first harmonic is the dominant. There is no clear shift in the relative energy among the bands throughout the call. Most of the energy is concentrated between 650 and 2600 Hz (one harmonic). Most of the call energy is between
|
||
<date id="28227196FFC6FFFBBDB8FE76FBBBFE65" box="[932,1099,477,503]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1400" valueMax="2400">1400 and 2400</date>
|
||
Hz. There is usually neither a clear general FM nor other shorter FM segment in the call. Some calls, mainly those with juxtaposed pulses, show a slight PFM following the PAM (see beginning of the call in
|
||
<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFC6FFFBBD50FD8EFC40FDAD" box="[844,944,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="55.[151,250,1149,1174]" captionTargetBox="[159,1431,603,1123]" captionTargetId="figure@55.[151,1436,597,1124]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 23. Call A of Physalaemus henselii. Oscillograms (A, C, and D) and audiospectrograms (B, E, and F). A single typical call (A–B). A variant call with a different envelope (C and E). Last pulses of a call (D and F). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s (C and E) and 0.02 s (D and F); vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 135 (B); 92.1 (F); 69 (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613042/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 23E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |