109 lines
22 KiB
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109 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="BF4AF47017DE812B1923A441EB476C02" ID-CLB-Dataset="24303" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4725.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67d90a4f-f853-4561-ae9a-c0f596d948ca" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3612996" ID-ZooBank="B137F19A-2C50-476C-8F13-4F049253B361" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1579507121529" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hepp, Fábio & Pombal, José P." docDate="2020" docId="D435E640FFBFFF82BE8BFB0CFB1CF84B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4725.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4725 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Physalaemus santafecinus Barrio 1965" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="79" masterDocId="280C9E38FFF1FFCCBE1CFFABFFF0FF92" masterDocTitle="Review of bioacoustical traits in the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae)" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="79" updateTime="1698778037983" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="ADA3BAA99D5A419ACF7C418CDB358FB4">
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<mods:title id="B6F54F21D050C37E635B8F3EA76F0853">Review of bioacoustical traits in the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="9966C5C7ED18CE7D598F0C147847F210" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="992317B6E899BBDEDC5A588D731F9191">Hepp, Fábio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="0926B1F76F34F1F1C89DFA65953DFCF5" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DBF1B807D421585E92F4DFBE18BDC1BE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1EEFB2EBC1DA2A48A48A8BE2F08CB5B1">Pombal, José P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E2006343184D2A3BF9EF932D98017EB1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8AA3233034664729B724F4017919E1FD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9B430C0C72143BC143C807688CAF5B0C">
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<mods:date id="28EA667CA2A2BC96D7760176454A0066">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="71DC9FA5F4CB70EC4DB5591EDC0C5970">2020-01-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0A580B63746A3860051F54D76A4347CA">4725</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="2905E81CB9127181F9857800A1F351C6">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E69AC779FBCD4CBFC02FF273173EB3F0" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4725.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D435E640FFBFFF82BE8BFB0CFB1CF84B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5583650" ID-GBIF-Taxon="161762932" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5583650" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D435E640FFBFFF82BE8BFB0CFB1CF84B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D435E640FFBFFF82BE8BFB0CFB1CF84B" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<subSubSection id="148604DDFFBFFF82BE8BFB0CFB52FABF" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5C235756FFBFFF82BE8BFB0CFD8CFB53" blockId="78.[151,636,1191,1218]" box="[151,636,1191,1218]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<heading id="076BE03AFFBFFF82BE8BFB0CFD8CFB53" bold="true" box="[151,636,1191,1218]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="9B9C2CD5FFBFFF82BE8BFB0CFD8CFB53" authority="Barrio, 1965" authorityName="Barrio" authorityYear="1965" box="[151,636,1191,1218]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="santafecinus">
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFBFFF82BE8BFB0CFD8CFB53" bold="true" box="[151,636,1191,1218]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFBFFF82BE8BFB0CFE27FB53" bold="true" box="[151,471,1191,1218]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Physalaemus santafecinus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="380D2AA7FFBFFF82BFC3FB0CFD8CFB53" author="Barrio, A." box="[479,636,1191,1217]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="421 - 448" refId="ref72083" refString="Barrio, A. (1965) El genero Physalaemus (Anura, Leptodactylidae) en la Argentina. Physis, 25 (70), 421 - 448." type="journal article" year="1965">Barrio, 1965</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5C235756FFBFFF82BE8BFB44FB52FABF" blockId="78.[151,1437,1263,2009]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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We found a single call
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<typeStatus id="8327E9F4FFBFFF82BF85FB44FE39FA9B" box="[409,457,1263,1289]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">type</typeStatus>
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for the species, referred to as call A. The call is composed of a single harmonic note. It has a general downward FM, with an up-downward FM segment in the first third of the call.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="148604DDFFBFFF82BEDBFA9DFB1CF84B" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5C235756FFBFFF82BEDBFA9DFB1CF84B" blockId="78.[151,1437,1263,2009]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFBFFF82BEDBFA9DFDD9FAC3" bold="true" box="[199,553,1334,1361]" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">
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Call A (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFBFFF82BF3DFA9DFE84FAC3" box="[289,372,1334,1361]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="79.[151,250,967,992]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,184,939]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,181,941]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 48. Call A of Physalaemus santafecinus. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A typical call (A–B). A variant call with a different envelope and spectral features (C–D). Note the different slopes in the FM segments (D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 84.6 (B and D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613092/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
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A–D and 42G).
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</emphasis>
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We examined two recordings, a total of three minutes, with 61 calls from two males. Only some of these calls were measured (see
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<tableCitation id="111E62EDFFBFFF82BCFEFAF0FCC7FAE7" box="[738,823,1371,1397]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="17.[150,243,524,551]" captionTargetBox="[163,1977,638,1641]" captionText="TABLE 2. Descriptive statistics of 11 measurements of the calls typeA of 45 Physalaemus species. Species ordered according to the topology in Lourenço et al. (2015; see text and Table 1). Values are given as mean ± standard deviation (minimum – maximum) mode [number of measurements taken / number of calls]. Single asterisks indicate cells with the same values of other call. Double asterisks indicate features present only in part of the analyzed calls (see descriptions in text for details)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/08E307DEFFE0FFDDBE8AFDA7F865FDFD" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" tableUuid="08E307DEFFE0FFDDBE8AFDA7F865FDFD">Table 2</tableCitation>
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). Call duration varies from 0.330 to
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<geoCoordinate id="39A83191FFBFFF82BAD2FAF1FAD1FAE7" box="[1230,1313,1370,1397]" degrees="0.375" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" precision="55" value="-0.375">0.375 s</geoCoordinate>
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. The envelope of the call is variable. In most calls, the rise and fall are similar in duration and shape (exponential). In some calls, the limits between call rise, sustain, and call fall are not clear, with linear or logarithmic-shaped rise and fall and the sustain with a convex shape (calls with elliptic envelope;
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFBFFF82BD77FA6CFC20FA73" box="[875,976,1479,1505]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="79.[151,250,967,992]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,184,939]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,181,941]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 48. Call A of Physalaemus santafecinus. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A typical call (A–B). A variant call with a different envelope and spectral features (C–D). Note the different slopes in the FM segments (D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 84.6 (B and D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613092/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 48C</figureCitation>
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). The amplitude peak is usually at around the end of the first seven tenths of the call duration or at the middle of the call. The envelope varies from elliptic (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFBFFF82BB73FA40FF37F9BB" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="79.[151,250,967,992]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,184,939]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,181,941]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 48. Call A of Physalaemus santafecinus. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A typical call (A–B). A variant call with a different envelope and spectral features (C–D). Note the different slopes in the FM segments (D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 84.6 (B and D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613092/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 48C</figureCitation>
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) to triangular (pointed left;
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFBFFF82BFE1F9A4FD94F9BB" box="[509,612,1551,1577]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="79.[151,250,967,992]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,184,939]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,181,941]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 48. Call A of Physalaemus santafecinus. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A typical call (A–B). A variant call with a different envelope and spectral features (C–D). Note the different slopes in the FM segments (D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 84.6 (B and D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613092/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 48A</figureCitation>
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). Due to the concave shape of the sustain, the triangular envelope of some calls resembles an arrow (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFBFFF82BFA6F998FDD3F9DF" box="[442,547,1587,1613]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="79.[151,250,967,992]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,184,939]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,181,941]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 48. Call A of Physalaemus santafecinus. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A typical call (A–B). A variant call with a different envelope and spectral features (C–D). Note the different slopes in the FM segments (D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 84.6 (B and D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613092/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 48A</figureCitation>
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). More than 50 % of the call energy is concentrated in 36 % of the call duration around the amplitude peak. There is no PAM in the call. The call has a harmonic series (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFBFFF82BA79F9FCFB3DF9E3" box="[1125,1229,1623,1649]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1616,1641]" captionTargetBox="[211,1371,189,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[205,1382,181,1591]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 42. Multiplicity relationship between “instantaneous” dominant frequency and w of calls A of eight Physalaemus species. Each graph shows a single call A of P. orophilus (A), P. lateristriga (B), P. olfersii (C), P. riograndensis (D), P. biligonigerus (E), P. marmoratus (F), P. santafecinus (G), P. carrizorum (H). Grid corresponds to the harmonic values (right y-axis). Red squares are the values of “instantaneous” dominant frequency; blue circles are the values of the reciprocal of w; green triangles are the factor values of the ratio “instantaneous” dominant frequency / w reciprocal per delta time. Delta time corresponds to the duration of one period of the measured acoustic oscillation. Note that factors around integer values suggest harmonic relationship between the frequency calculated (w reciprocal) and the dominant frequency. Factors multiple of ½ of the fundamental frequency correspond to subharmonics (see call B of P. ephippifer)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613080/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 42G</figureCitation>
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). The fundamental frequency is
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFBFFF82BF3BF9D7FEB9F907" box="[295,329,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">ca.</emphasis>
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490 Hz and approximately the first seven harmonics are emphasized. The wave periods are regular and harmonics are clear throughout the call. The dominant frequency varies from
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFBFFF82BA03F90BFBB1F92B" box="[1055,1089,1696,1721]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">ca.</emphasis>
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474 to 2627 Hz (fig. 48B). The dominant harmonic varies from the first to sixth (rarely the second harmonic), but it is usually the first (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFBFFF82BB2CF968FA68F94F" box="[1328,1432,1731,1757]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1616,1641]" captionTargetBox="[211,1371,189,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[205,1382,181,1591]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 42. Multiplicity relationship between “instantaneous” dominant frequency and w of calls A of eight Physalaemus species. Each graph shows a single call A of P. orophilus (A), P. lateristriga (B), P. olfersii (C), P. riograndensis (D), P. biligonigerus (E), P. marmoratus (F), P. santafecinus (G), P. carrizorum (H). Grid corresponds to the harmonic values (right y-axis). Red squares are the values of “instantaneous” dominant frequency; blue circles are the values of the reciprocal of w; green triangles are the factor values of the ratio “instantaneous” dominant frequency / w reciprocal per delta time. Delta time corresponds to the duration of one period of the measured acoustic oscillation. Note that factors around integer values suggest harmonic relationship between the frequency calculated (w reciprocal) and the dominant frequency. Factors multiple of ½ of the fundamental frequency correspond to subharmonics (see call B of P. ephippifer)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613080/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 42G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFBFFF82BE8BF94CFF1CF893" box="[151,236,1767,1793]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="79.[151,250,967,992]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,184,939]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,181,941]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 48. Call A of Physalaemus santafecinus. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A typical call (A–B). A variant call with a different envelope and spectral features (C–D). Note the different slopes in the FM segments (D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 84.6 (B and D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613092/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">48B, D</figureCitation>
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). There is a clear shift in relative energy between the bands; the dominant frequency gets higher toward the end of the call, starting at the first harmonic, moving to the fifth and ending at the sixth; thenceforth it decreases, usually skipping the fifth and ending at the third or second harmonic (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFBFFF82BDB9F884FBFCF8DB" box="[933,1036,1839,1865]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1616,1641]" captionTargetBox="[211,1371,189,1579]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[205,1382,181,1591]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 42. Multiplicity relationship between “instantaneous” dominant frequency and w of calls A of eight Physalaemus species. Each graph shows a single call A of P. orophilus (A), P. lateristriga (B), P. olfersii (C), P. riograndensis (D), P. biligonigerus (E), P. marmoratus (F), P. santafecinus (G), P. carrizorum (H). Grid corresponds to the harmonic values (right y-axis). Red squares are the values of “instantaneous” dominant frequency; blue circles are the values of the reciprocal of w; green triangles are the factor values of the ratio “instantaneous” dominant frequency / w reciprocal per delta time. Delta time corresponds to the duration of one period of the measured acoustic oscillation. Note that factors around integer values suggest harmonic relationship between the frequency calculated (w reciprocal) and the dominant frequency. Factors multiple of ½ of the fundamental frequency correspond to subharmonics (see call B of P. ephippifer)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613080/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 42G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFBFFF82BA04F884FB9CF8DB" box="[1048,1132,1839,1865]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="79.[151,250,967,992]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,184,939]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,181,941]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 48. Call A of Physalaemus santafecinus. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A typical call (A–B). A variant call with a different envelope and spectral features (C–D). Note the different slopes in the FM segments (D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 84.6 (B and D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613092/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">48B, D</figureCitation>
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). Most of the call energy is between 450 and 2650 Hz (four to six harmonics). The call has a general downward FM (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFBFFF82BA6DF8F8FB08F8FF" box="[1137,1272,1875,1901]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="79.[151,250,967,992]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,184,939]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,181,941]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 48. Call A of Physalaemus santafecinus. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A typical call (A–B). A variant call with a different envelope and spectral features (C–D). Note the different slopes in the FM segments (D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 84.6 (B and D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613092/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 48B, D</figureCitation>
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). Additionally, calls have an up-downward FM in the first third of the call duration, leading to slightly arc-shaped bands in this part of the call (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFBFFF82BF09F830FE8AF827" box="[277,378,1947,1973]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="79.[151,250,967,992]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,184,939]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,181,941]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 48. Call A of Physalaemus santafecinus. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A typical call (A–B). A variant call with a different envelope and spectral features (C–D). Note the different slopes in the FM segments (D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 84.6 (B and D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613092/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 48B</figureCitation>
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), and a short downward FM at the end (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFBFFF82BD2FF830FC4BF827" box="[819,955,1947,1973]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="79.[151,250,967,992]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,184,939]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,181,941]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 48. Call A of Physalaemus santafecinus. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A typical call (A–B). A variant call with a different envelope and spectral features (C–D). Note the different slopes in the FM segments (D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. Filter bandwidth (Hz): 84.6 (B and D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613092" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613092/files/figure.png" pageId="78" pageNumber="79">Fig. 48B, D</figureCitation>
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). The general downward FM and the initial up-downward FM result in S-shaped harmonics when considering the entire call. There is no PFM.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |