109 lines
19 KiB
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109 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="0812EDAF3D5A52252207A127BE08B9D4" ID-CLB-Dataset="24303" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4725.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67d90a4f-f853-4561-ae9a-c0f596d948ca" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3612996" ID-ZooBank="B137F19A-2C50-476C-8F13-4F049253B361" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1579507121529" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hepp, Fábio & Pombal, José P." docDate="2020" docId="D435E640FFB2FF88BE8BF944FBBAFD61" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4725.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4725 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Physalaemus aguirrei Bokermann 1966" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="280C9E38FFF1FFCCBE1CFFABFFF0FF92" masterDocTitle="Review of bioacoustical traits in the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae)" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="68" updateTime="1698778037983" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B408B289EA2C0090F800DA217A8F75A6">
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<mods:title id="B2081D529832CE865FB5DD16E31B7601">Review of bioacoustical traits in the genus Physalaemus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="55FE49C7F531332A4EC64400DB579F79" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D50273B615404802F823481E1EF6837A">Hepp, Fábio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="2ACDAEBD5CA0740226D4CE166BD514F0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9743A5E5CB8D707B71F71A411F454094">Pombal, José P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FAB43524FDFE2892ED5DA9E21984F745">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F3F3D3475FF809B5942EC67DF5CB3A07">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C9E34D130E15BD2EBB21942644E928B2">
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<mods:date id="9E3AA7D8F47E7D48593D0623F774108A">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A11D3B7E72E1D69DE4344AADA93E2591">2020-01-20</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="BCA4855C4443EDB93108205829531966" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="8BB5BD2C2D6BBFA9BD38B06CFCE00CA5">4725</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="AB0E0D9490BF0C200548A47E74AB0EB5" type="issue">
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<mods:classification id="7805E28BC33E774795F189E69236AA11">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="636C50AA99C54D953BBB970BC7EBB795" type="CLB-Dataset">24303</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="86946322D95045B262272469387A0283" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4725.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="699434EDD6AB496F2B9A7C20E57CF63C" type="GBIF-Dataset">67d90a4f-f853-4561-ae9a-c0f596d948ca</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="70ADB6ED9679359D93B85C4106F697B5" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D435E640FFB2FF88BE8BF944FBBAFD61" ID-GBIF-Taxon="161762918" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D435E640FFB2FF88BE8BF944FBBAFD61" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D435E640FFB2FF88BE8BF944FBBAFD61" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<subSubSection id="148604DDFFB2FF8FBE8BF944FE58F80B" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5C235756FFB2FF8FBE8BF944FD75F89B" blockId="67.[151,645,1775,1802]" box="[151,645,1775,1802]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<heading id="076BE03AFFB2FF8FBE8BF944FD75F89B" bold="true" box="[151,645,1775,1802]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="9B9C2CD5FFB2FF8FBE8BF944FD75F89B" authority="Bokermann, 1966" authorityName="Bokermann" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,645,1775,1802]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aguirrei">
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFB2FF8FBE8BF944FD75F89B" bold="true" box="[151,645,1775,1802]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFB2FF8FBE8BF944FE50F89B" bold="true" box="[151,416,1775,1802]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Physalaemus aguirrei</emphasis>
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Bokermann, 1966
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5C235756FFB2FF8FBE8BF89CFE58F80B" blockId="67.[151,1436,1847,2017]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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We found a single call
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<typeStatus id="8327E9F4FFB2FF8FBFBCF89CFE20F8C3" box="[416,464,1847,1873]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">type</typeStatus>
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for the species, referred to as call A. The call is composed of a single harmonic note with an elliptic or trapezium-like envelope. It has a general downward FM, with an up-downward FM segment in the first third of the call.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="148604DDFFB2FF88BEDBF809FBBAFD61" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5C235756FFB2FF88BEDBF809FBBAFD61" blockId="67.[151,1436,1847,2017]" lastBlockId="68.[151,1437,153,755]" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFB2FF8FBEDBF809FDEEF82F" bold="true" box="[199,542,1954,1981]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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Call A (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFB2FF8FBF02F809FE80F82F" box="[286,368,1954,1981]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="68.[151,250,1455,1480]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,783,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[151,1436,777,1429]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 37. Call A of Physalaemus aguirrei. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A typical call A (A–B). A variant call A with a different envelope and initial FM segment (C–D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. FFT (points): 1500 (B); 1024 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613070/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
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A–D and 33E).
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</emphasis>
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We examined seven recordings, a total of 11 minutes, with
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFB2FF8FBAAEF80FFB3CF82F" box="[1202,1228,1956,1981]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">ca</emphasis>
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. 400 calls from
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<specimenCount id="4A9A9CDFFFB2FF8FBB9CF808FF2CF873" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="male">10 males</specimenCount>
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. Only some of these calls were measured (see
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<tableCitation id="111E62EDFFB2FF8FBCF7F86CFCB2F873" box="[747,834,1991,2017]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="17.[150,243,524,551]" captionTargetBox="[163,1977,638,1641]" captionText="TABLE 2. Descriptive statistics of 11 measurements of the calls typeA of 45 Physalaemus species. Species ordered according to the topology in Lourenço et al. (2015; see text and Table 1). Values are given as mean ± standard deviation (minimum – maximum) mode [number of measurements taken / number of calls]. Single asterisks indicate cells with the same values of other call. Double asterisks indicate features present only in part of the analyzed calls (see descriptions in text for details)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/08E307DEFFE0FFDDBE8AFDA7F865FDFD" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" tableUuid="08E307DEFFE0FFDDBE8AFDA7F865FDFD">Table 2</tableCitation>
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). Call duration varies from 0.179 to
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<geoCoordinate id="39A83191FFB2FF8FBAC3F86CFAC3F873" box="[1247,1331,1991,2017]" degrees="0.237" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" precision="55" value="-0.237">0.237 s</geoCoordinate>
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. Usually, call rise and fall are similar in duration and shape. The call rise is usually composed of two consecutive exponential- or linear-shaped segments, whereas the call fall has an exponential or logarithmic shape (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFB5FF88BA69FF16FB2EFF45" box="[1141,1246,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="68.[151,250,1455,1480]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,783,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[151,1436,777,1429]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 37. Call A of Physalaemus aguirrei. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A typical call A (A–B). A variant call A with a different envelope and initial FM segment (C–D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. FFT (points): 1500 (B); 1024 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613070/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 37A</figureCitation>
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). The sustain can be irregular with short and shallow valleys, composed of a single deep valley (concave shape), or regular without internal AM segments (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFB5FF88BFBDFEAEFDDBFE8D" box="[417,555,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="68.[151,250,1455,1480]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,783,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[151,1436,777,1429]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 37. Call A of Physalaemus aguirrei. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A typical call A (A–B). A variant call A with a different envelope and initial FM segment (C–D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. FFT (points): 1500 (B); 1024 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613070/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 37A, C</figureCitation>
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). In some calls, the rise is much longer than fall and it remains with very low amplitude until the limit with the sustain, where the amplitude increases abruptly. The amplitude peak is around the middle of the call duration. The envelope varies from elliptic (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFB5FF88BD43FEE6FC35FEF5" box="[863,965,333,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="68.[151,250,1455,1480]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,783,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[151,1436,777,1429]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 37. Call A of Physalaemus aguirrei. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A typical call A (A–B). A variant call A with a different envelope and initial FM segment (C–D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. FFT (points): 1500 (B); 1024 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613070/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 37C</figureCitation>
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) to slightly rectangular (in calls in which the rise is not gradual;
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFB5FF88BF82FEDAFDF8FE19" box="[414,520,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="68.[151,250,1455,1480]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,783,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[151,1436,777,1429]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 37. Call A of Physalaemus aguirrei. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A typical call A (A–B). A variant call A with a different envelope and initial FM segment (C–D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. FFT (points): 1500 (B); 1024 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613070/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 37A</figureCitation>
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). More than 50 % of the call energy is concentrated in 34 % of the call duration around the amplitude peak. There is no PAM in the call. The call has a harmonic series (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFB5FF88BA7BFE3EFB3DFE3D" box="[1127,1229,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="64.[151,250,1645,1670]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,189,1608]" captionTargetId="figure@64.[193,1394,181,1620]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 33. Multiplicity relationship between “instantaneous” dominant frequency and w of calls A of eight Physalaemus species. Each graph shows a single call A of P. cuvieri (A), P. ephippifer (B), P. fischeri (C), P. cicada (D), P. aguirrei (E), P. soaresi (F), P. maximus (G), P. feioi (H). Grid corresponds to the harmonic values (right y-axis). Red squares are the values of “instantaneous” dominant frequency; blue circles are the values of the reciprocal of w; green triangles are the factor values of the ratio “instantaneous” dominant frequency / w reciprocal per delta time. Delta time corresponds to the duration of one period of the measured acoustic oscillation. Note that factors around integer values suggest harmonic relationship between the frequency calculated (w reciprocal) and the dominant frequency. Factors multiple of ½ of the fundamental frequency correspond to subharmonics (see P. ephippifer; B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613062/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 33E</figureCitation>
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). The fundamental frequency is
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFB5FF88BF34FE11FEBAFE41" box="[296,330,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">ca.</emphasis>
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640 Hz and approximately the first eight harmonics are emphasized. The wave periods are regular and harmonics are clear throughout the call. The dominant frequency varies from
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<emphasis id="6EE88B44FFB5FF88BA07FE75FBC5FE65" box="[1051,1077,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">ca</emphasis>
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. 770 to 3380 Hz (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFB5FF88BAE6FE76FAAFFE65" box="[1274,1375,477,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="68.[151,250,1455,1480]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,783,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[151,1436,777,1429]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 37. Call A of Physalaemus aguirrei. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A typical call A (A–B). A variant call A with a different envelope and initial FM segment (C–D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. FFT (points): 1500 (B); 1024 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613070/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 37B</figureCitation>
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). The dominant harmonic varies from the first to the sixth (except the second and third). There is a clear shift in relative energy between the bands; the dominant frequency gets higher until three fourths of the call duration, starting at the first harmonic, moving to the fourth and fifth, and ending at the sixth (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFB5FF88BDBAFDE2FBFBFDF1" box="[934,1035,585,611]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="64.[151,250,1645,1670]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,189,1608]" captionTargetId="figure@64.[193,1394,181,1620]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 33. Multiplicity relationship between “instantaneous” dominant frequency and w of calls A of eight Physalaemus species. Each graph shows a single call A of P. cuvieri (A), P. ephippifer (B), P. fischeri (C), P. cicada (D), P. aguirrei (E), P. soaresi (F), P. maximus (G), P. feioi (H). Grid corresponds to the harmonic values (right y-axis). Red squares are the values of “instantaneous” dominant frequency; blue circles are the values of the reciprocal of w; green triangles are the factor values of the ratio “instantaneous” dominant frequency / w reciprocal per delta time. Delta time corresponds to the duration of one period of the measured acoustic oscillation. Note that factors around integer values suggest harmonic relationship between the frequency calculated (w reciprocal) and the dominant frequency. Factors multiple of ½ of the fundamental frequency correspond to subharmonics (see P. ephippifer; B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613062/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 33E</figureCitation>
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). Most of the call energy is between 700 and 3950 Hz (five to six harmonics). The call has a general downward FM (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFB5FF88BA13FDC6FB66FD15" box="[1039,1174,621,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="68.[151,250,1455,1480]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,783,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[151,1436,777,1429]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 37. Call A of Physalaemus aguirrei. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A typical call A (A–B). A variant call A with a different envelope and initial FM segment (C–D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. FFT (points): 1500 (B); 1024 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613070/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 37B, D</figureCitation>
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). Additionally, the calls have an up-downward FM in the first third of the call duration, yielding arc-shaped bands in this part of the call (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFB5FF88BB73FD3AFF39FD5D" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="68.[151,250,1455,1480]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,783,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[151,1436,777,1429]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 37. Call A of Physalaemus aguirrei. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A typical call A (A–B). A variant call A with a different envelope and initial FM segment (C–D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. FFT (points): 1500 (B); 1024 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613070/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 37B</figureCitation>
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), and a short downward FM at the end (
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<figureCitation id="C4A74BD3FFB5FF88BC95FD1EFCE3FD5D" box="[649,787,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="68.[151,250,1455,1480]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,783,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[151,1436,777,1429]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 37. Call A of Physalaemus aguirrei. Oscillograms (A and C) and audiospectrograms (B and D). A typical call A (A–B). A variant call A with a different envelope and initial FM segment (C–D). Horizontal scale bars have 0.1 s; vertical scale bars have 1 kHz. FFT (points): 1500 (B); 1024 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3613070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3613070/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 37B, D</figureCitation>
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). The general downward FM and the initial up-downward FM result in S-shaped harmonics when considering the entire call. There is no PFM.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |