165 lines
19 KiB
XML
165 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="D19EC62E4ECC8E9AF57CB77453A8D054" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3926.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="75df1488-87c4-4a48-887f-187e711fabea" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="288028" ID-ZooBank="CE5964E2-751F-466A-BC1B-6C16C009F6A8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461006212180" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hajdu, Eduardo, Hooker, Yuri & Willenz, Philippe" docDate="2015" docId="914287DC635DFFEEFF76FDCEFD33F9DF" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03926p099.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3926 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Zygherpe" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="89" masterDocId="6D7BFFA4635FFFECFFE1FFF6FF91FFC4" masterDocTitle="New Hamacantha from Peru and resurrection of Zygherpe as subgenus (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Hamacanthidae)" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="87" pageNumber="89" updateTime="1698565616687" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="14AF85148F14D9D2833F0EA09C256E6B">
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<mods:title id="4294EBDA1DB013BBFB7A290BA88C3B1E">New Hamacantha from Peru and resurrection of Zygherpe as subgenus (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Hamacanthidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="07E9E9408E301A09F78ABA6EAFA1ABD6">Hajdu, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DC556C3FDAC698E00F778AED9D88383D">Hooker, Yuri</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B621A84B849B077178986F2C40DE782D">Willenz, Philippe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5DF21BE63FDAC2BDDBE435B089FBFDB3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="EAF33B20005FA746C755DC5FF216B891">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="18AB2543C8A5580A747BA3A8758B94A3">3926</mods:number>
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<treatment id="914287DC635DFFEEFF76FDCEFD33F9DF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5665682" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127671924" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5665682" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:914287DC635DFFEEFF76FDCEFD33F9DF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/914287DC635DFFEEFF76FDCEFD33F9DF" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">
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<subSubSection id="51F16541635DFFEEFF76FDCEFCA1FD96" box="[151,816,567,594]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="195436CA635DFFEEFF76FDCEFCA1FD96" blockId="2.[151,816,567,594]" box="[151,816,567,594]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">
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<heading id="421C81A6635DFFEEFF76FDCEFCA1FD96" bold="true" box="[151,816,567,594]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="2B9FEAD8635DFFEEFF76FDCEFCA1FD96" bold="true" box="[151,816,567,594]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">
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Subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="DEEB4D49635DFFEEFEF6FDC1FE18FD95" ID-CoL="f2ecf0cf-20ae-4a46-9432-eae0dc84e555" box="[279,393,567,593]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hamacanthidae" genus="Zygherpe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Merliida" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2B9FEAD8635DFFEEFEF6FDC1FE18FD95" bold="true" box="[279,393,567,593]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Zygherpe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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de
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<bibRefCitation id="7D7A4B3B635DFFEEFE55FDCEFD19FD96" author="Laubenfels" box="[436,648,568,594]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de (1932) The marine and fresh-water sponges of California. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 81 (2927), 1 - 140. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.81 - 2927.1" type="journal article" year="1932">Laubenfels, 1932</bibRefCitation>
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(revalidated)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="51F16541635DFFEEFF76FD88FE90FD7F" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="195436CA635DFFEEFF76FD88FE90FD7F" blockId="2.[151,1437,638,1563]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">
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<emphasis id="2B9FEAD8635DFFEEFF76FD88FE80FD53" bold="true" box="[151,273,638,663]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="DEEB4D49635DFFEEFEF9FD88FE38FD52" box="[280,425,638,662]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hamacanthidae" genus="Hamacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2B9FEAD8635DFFEEFEF9FD88FE38FD52" box="[280,425,638,662]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Hamacantha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with tylostyles and encrusting habit.
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<typeStatus id="C6508868635DFFEEFCACFD89FC14FD53" box="[845,901,639,663]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Type</typeStatus>
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species—
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<taxonomicName id="DEEB4D49635DFFEEFC18FD88FB61FD52" box="[1017,1264,638,662]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hamacanthidae" genus="Zygherpe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Merliida" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hyaloderma">
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<emphasis id="2B9FEAD8635DFFEEFC18FD88FB61FD52" box="[1017,1264,638,662]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Zygherpe hyaloderma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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de
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<bibRefCitation id="7D7A4B3B635DFFEEFAF8FD88FF42FD7F" author="Laubenfels" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de (1932) The marine and fresh-water sponges of California. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 81 (2927), 1 - 140. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.81 - 2927.1" type="journal article" year="1932">Laubenfels, 1932</bibRefCitation>
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: 65.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="51F16541635DFFEEFF26FD30FD33F9DF" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="195436CA635DFFEEFF26FD30FBD7FC3B" blockId="2.[151,1437,638,1563]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">
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<emphasis id="2B9FEAD8635DFFEEFF26FD30FEAAFD1B" bold="true" box="[199,315,710,735]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</emphasis>
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De
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<bibRefCitation id="7D7A4B3B635DFFEEFE8CFD30FDADFD1B" author="Laubenfels" box="[365,572,710,735]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de (1932) The marine and fresh-water sponges of California. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 81 (2927), 1 - 140. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.81 - 2927.1" type="journal article" year="1932">Laubenfels (1932)</bibRefCitation>
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erected
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<taxonomicName id="DEEB4D49635DFFEEFD7EFD30FC98FD1A" box="[671,777,710,734]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hamacanthidae" genus="Zygherpe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Merliida" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2B9FEAD8635DFFEEFD7EFD30FC98FD1A" box="[671,777,710,734]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Zygherpe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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for encrusting sponges bearing tylostyles and diancistras. With a single species known, Hajdu (1994) argued that the occurrence of tylostyles per se was not a solid character on which to diagnose a new genus for sponges with diancistras and proposed the synonymy of
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<taxonomicName id="DEEB4D49635DFFEEFB17FCF8FAF1FCE2" box="[1270,1376,782,806]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hamacanthidae" genus="Zygherpe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Merliida" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2B9FEAD8635DFFEEFB17FCF8FAF1FCE2" box="[1270,1376,782,806]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Zygherpe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with
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<taxonomicName id="DEEB4D49635DFFEEFF76FCC5FEB9FC8F" box="[151,296,819,843]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hamacanthidae" genus="Hamacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2B9FEAD8635DFFEEFF76FCC5FEB9FC8F" box="[151,296,819,843]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Hamacantha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Subsequently, Hajdu (2002) proposed to assign species with diactinal megascleres to subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="DEEB4D49635DFFEEFF76FCA0FEB9FCAA" box="[151,296,854,878]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hamacanthidae" genus="Hamacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2B9FEAD8635DFFEEFF76FCA0FEB9FCAA" box="[151,296,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Hamacantha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and those with monactinal megascleres to subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="DEEB4D49635DFFEEFC45FCA0FB9CFCAA" box="[932,1037,854,878]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hamacanthidae" genus="Vomerula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Merliida" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2B9FEAD8635DFFEEFC45FCA0FB9CFCAA" box="[932,1037,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Vomerula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The finding of a second species sharing relevant morphologic features with
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<taxonomicName id="DEEB4D49635DFFEEFD57FC8DFC4FFC57" box="[694,990,891,915]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hamacanthidae" genus="Hamacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hyaloderma">
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<emphasis id="2B9FEAD8635DFFEEFD57FC8DFC4FFC57" box="[694,990,891,915]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Hamacantha hyaloderma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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suggests it is worth reinstating de Laubenfels’ genus
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<taxonomicName id="DEEB4D49635DFFEEFE8FFC68FE49FC72" box="[366,472,926,950]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hamacanthidae" genus="Zygherpe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Merliida" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2B9FEAD8635DFFEEFE8FFC68FE49FC72" box="[366,472,926,950]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Zygherpe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, here assigned to subgenus level, to further discriminate species with tylostyles from those with styles. The shared occurrence of encrusting habit, tylostyles and sigmas, as well as the overlapping distribution of
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<taxonomicName id="DEEB4D49635DFFEEFEDCFC11FDAAFC3A" box="[317,571,998,1022]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hamacanthidae" genus="Hamacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="desmacelloides" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Zygherpe">
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<emphasis id="2B9FEAD8635DFFEEFEDCFC11FDAAFC3A" box="[317,571,998,1022]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">H. (Z.) desmacelloides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="30AC57A3635DFFEEFDA3FC11FD00FC3A" box="[578,657,999,1022]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="DEEB4D49635DFFEEFD26FC11FC31FC3A" box="[711,928,998,1022]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hamacanthidae" genus="Hamacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hyaloderma" subGenus="Zygherpe">
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<emphasis id="2B9FEAD8635DFFEEFD26FC11FC31FC3A" box="[711,928,998,1022]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">H. (Z.) hyaloderma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is remarkable.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="195436CA635DFFEEFF26FBFCFD33F9DF" blockId="2.[151,1437,638,1563]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">
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Subgenera in Porifera are currently used as a convenient classification rank (
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<bibRefCitation id="7D7A4B3B635DFFEEFBCBFBFDFB59FBE7" author="Hooper" box="[1066,1224,1035,1059]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" refString="Hooper, J. N. A. (2002) Family Microcionidae Carter, 1875. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & van Soest, R. W. M. (Ed.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. 1 Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, pp. 432 - 468." type="book chapter" year="2002">Hooper, 2002</bibRefCitation>
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; van
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<bibRefCitation id="7D7A4B3B635DFFEEFAE4FBFDFA09FBE7" author="Soest" box="[1285,1432,1035,1059]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" refString="van Soest, R. W. M. (2002 a) Family Coelosphaeridae Dendy, 1922. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Vol. 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, pp. 528 - 546." type="book chapter" year="2002" yearSuffix="a">Soest, 2002a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="7D7A4B3B635DFFEEFF76FBD8FF39FB83" author="Soest" box="[151,168,1070,1095]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" refString="van Soest, R. W. M. (2002 b) Family Myxillidae Dendy, 1922. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Vol. 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, pp. 602 - 620." type="book chapter" year="2002" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
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; van
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<bibRefCitation id="7D7A4B3B635DFFEEFF0CFBD9FE7BFB83" author="Soest" box="[237,490,1070,1095]" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" refString="van Soest, R. W. M. & Hajdu, E. (2002) Family Mycalidae Lundbeck, 1905. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Vol. 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow, pp. 669 - 690." type="book chapter" year="2002">Soest & Hajdu, 2002</bibRefCitation>
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), with no general claim for monophyly. Most of these are former genus names, downgraded to subgeneric rank as a consequence of suspicion (or even confirmation) of their non-monophyly. It is beyond the scope of this contribution to debate whether or not these assemblages should be kept in use or abandoned altogether. Rather, the decision taken here aims to undo a possibly unjustified taxonomic decision taken by Hajdu (1994, 2002), when
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<taxonomicName id="DEEB4D49635DFFEEFE1BFB48FDF5FB12" box="[506,612,1214,1238]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hamacanthidae" genus="Zygherpe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Merliida" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2B9FEAD8635DFFEEFE1BFB48FDF5FB12" box="[506,612,1214,1238]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Zygherpe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was synonymized with
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<taxonomicName id="DEEB4D49635DFFEEFC60FB48FB83FB12" box="[897,1042,1214,1238]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hamacanthidae" genus="Hamacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2B9FEAD8635DFFEEFC60FB48FB83FB12" box="[897,1042,1214,1238]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Hamacantha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The main argument used for the proposed synonimization was the redundancy of recognition of higher taxa for single species (which renders genus and species diagnoses the same). This argument collapsed after a second species with tylostyles was found by us in
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<collectingCountry id="61FC765A635DFFEEFF76FADDFF5FFA86" box="[151,206,1323,1346]" name="Peru" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Peru</collectingCountry>
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. We had to choose between resurrecting
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<emphasis id="2B9FEAD8635DFFEEFD5FFADDFCBEFA87" box="[702,815,1323,1347]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">
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<taxonomicName id="DEEB4D49635DFFEEFD5FFADDFCBBFA87" box="[702,810,1323,1347]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hamacanthidae" genus="Zygherpe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Merliida" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Zygherpe</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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which we preferred, or to assign both species with tylostyles to either
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<taxonomicName id="DEEB4D49635DFFEEFE65FAB8FD57FAA2" box="[388,710,1358,1382]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hamacanthidae" genus="Hamacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2B9FEAD8635DFFEEFE65FAB8FD57FAA2" box="[388,710,1358,1382]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">Hamacantha (Hamacantha)</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<emphasis id="2B9FEAD8635DFFEEFD1AFAB9FC32FAA2" box="[763,931,1358,1382]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="89">
|
||
H. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DEEB4D49635DFFEEFCCCFAB8FC0AFAA2" box="[813,923,1358,1382]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hamacanthidae" genus="Vomerula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Merliida" pageId="2" pageNumber="89" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Vomerula</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. The dichotomy between monactines and diactines suggested by the Systema Porifera classification for hamacanthids need not be entirely meaningful in evolutionary terms, and above all, there is no real evidence that species with tylostyles are possibly closer to those with styles than to others with oxeas. For this reason, we deemed convenient to take advantage of de Laubenfels’ taxon, which is resurrected here to keep both species with tylostyles, until further evolutionary evidence convincingly points in an alternative direction.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |